Full text of "Procopius, with an English translation by H.B. Dewing"

See other formats

Ww 

Cc 
wi 
> 





ey oT 


a 
a 


7? 





. 














Digitized by the Internet Archive 
in 2007 with funding from 
Microsoft Corporation 


https://archive.org/details/procopiuswitheng01 procuoft 








wi cLassi | 


EDITED 5 


PROCOPIUS| 
I 








‘- 
- 
e val 
» 
~ ° 
bs 
“2 ~~ _ 
is - + 
: Pa - - 
A < 
: 3 








= 


3 


res, ALE 
00084 | 


wan 





f 


MOTO HAT 
tn 


. (AT enk 
3 











PROCOPIUS 


WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY 
H. B. DEWING 


IN SIX VOLUMES 
I 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, BOOKS I AND II 





\ <a 
LONDON : WILLIAM HEINEMANN 


NEW YORK : THE MACMILLAN CO. 
MOMXIV 






















we 


— 


4 ee ee, Pea f ’ \oay 
uF re) P 4gAyo! ali SERS ET} Les east > a : 


‘ 
AS NT AE pee en ome 


are _ ¥ 
i ma 3 ’ 
‘,. 5 
) ae 
\ 
i * 
: i 
{ =) 
-* 
’ 
: 
t 
; -S 





; 
MV AUK MERE LOD AGS 
Ati > ADOT. we 


soo a PERSIAN WAR (continued) 








\erys ! ; a 2 © oe SN 
: ; . a — pa 
press oS arn ADS LROR Ae eA eee a i. 

en —_ 





INTRODUCTION 


se 

Procopius is known to posterity as the Historian 
of the eventful reign of Justinian..(527-565 a.p.), — 
and the chronicler of the great deeds of the general 
Belisarius. He was born ‘late in the fifth century 
in the city of Caesarea in Palestine. As to his 
_ education and early years we are not informed, but 
we know that he studied to fit himself for the legal 
profession. He came as a young man to Constaniti- 
nople, and seems to have made his mark immediately. 
For as early as the year 527 he was appointed legal , 
adviser and private secretary! to Belisarius, then a 
very young man who had been serving on the staff 
of the general Justinian, and had only recently 
been advanced to the office of general. Shortly 
after this Justinian was called by his uncle Justinus 
to share the throne of the Roman Empire, and four 
months later Justinus died, leaving Justinian sole 
emperor of the Romans. Thus the stage was set 
for the scenes which are presented in the pages of 
Procopius. His own activity continued till well nigh 


1 tiuBovados, Proc. Bell. 1. xii. 24. He is elsewhere referred 
to as mapedpos or broypadeds. 


Vii 


INTRODUCTION 


the end of Justinian’s life, and he seems to have 
outlived his hero, Belisarius. 

During the eventful years of Belisarius’ cam- 
paigning in Africa, in Italy, and in the East, 
Procopius was moving about with him and was an 
eye-witness of the events he describes in his writings. 
In 527 we find him in Mesopotamia; in 533 he 
accompanied Belisarius to Africa; and in 536 he 
_ journeyed with him to Italy. He was therefore 
‘ quite correct in the assertion which he makes 
rather modestly in the introduction of his history, 
that he was better qualified than anyone else to 
write the history of that period. Besides his 
intimacy with Belisarius it should be added that his 
position gave him the further advantage of a certain 
standing at the imperial court in Constantinople, and 
brought him the acquaintance of many of the lead- 
ing men of his day. Thus we have the testimony of 
one intimately associated with the administration, 
and this, together with the importance of the events 
through which he lived, makes his record exceedingly 
interesting as well as historically important. One 
must admit that his position was not one to encourage 
impartiality in his presentation of facts, and that the 
imperial favour was not won by plain speaking ; 
nevertheless we have before us a man who could 
not obliterate himself enough to play the abject 
flatterer always, and he gives us the reverse, too, 
of his brilliant picture, as we shall see presently. 

Procopius’ three works give us a fairly complete 
vill 








INTRODUCTION 


account of the reign of Justinian up till near the 
year 560 a.p., and he has done us the favour of 
setting forth three different points of view which 
vary so widely that posterity has sometimes found it 
difficult to reconcile them. His greatest work, as 
well as his earliest, is the History of the Wars, 
in eight books. The material is not arranged 
strictly according to chronological sequence, but so 
that the progress of events may be traced separately 
in each one of three wars. Thus the first two books 
are given over to the Persian wars, the next two 
contain the account of the war waged against the 
Vandals in Africa, the three following describe the 
struggle against the Goths in Italy. These seven 
books were published together first, and the eighth 
book was added later as a supplement to bring the 
history up to about the date of 554, being a general 
account of events in different parts of the empire. 
It is mecessary to bear in mind that the wars 
described separately by Procopius overlapped one 
another in time, and that while the Romans were 
striving to hold back the Persian aggressor they were 
also maintaining armies in Africa and in Italy. In 
fact the Byzantine empire was making a supreme 
effort to re-establish the old boundaries, and to reclaim 
the territories lost to the barbarian nations. The 
emperor Justinian was fired by the ambition to 
make the Roman Empire once more a world power, 
and he drained every resource in his eagerness to 
make possible the fulfilment of this dream. It was 


ix 


INTRODUCTION 


a splendid effort, but it was doomed to failure; the 
fallen edifice could not be permanently restored. 

The history is more general than the title would 
imply, and all the important events of the time are 
touched upon. So while we read much of the cam- 
paigns against the nations who were crowding back 
the boundaries of the old empire, we also hear of 
civic affairs such as the great Nika insurrection in 
Byzantium in 532 ; similarly a careful account is given 
of the pestilence of 540, and the care shown in de- 
scribing the nature of the disease shows plainly that 
the author must have had some acquaintance with 
the medical science of the time. 

After the seventh book of the History of the Wars 
Procopius wrote the Anecdota, or Secret History. 
Here he freed himself from all the restraints of 
respect or fear, and set down without scruple every- 
thing which he had been led to suppress or gloss 
over in the History through motives of policy. He 
attacks unmercifully the emperor and empress and 
even Belisarius and his wife Antonina, and displays 
to us one of the blackest pictures ever set down in 
writing. It is a record of wanton crime and shame- 


less debauchery, of intrigue and scandal- both in - 


public and in private life. It is plain that the thing 
is overdone, and the very extravagance of the 
calumny makes it impossible to be believed ; again 
and again we meet statements which, if not abso- 
lutely impossible, are at least highly improbable. 
Many of the events of the History are presented 
Xx 


i  e 


INTRODUCTION 


in an entirely new light ; we seem to hear one speak- 
ing out of the bitterness of his heart, It should be 
said, at the same time, that there are very few con- 
tradictions in statements of fact. The author has 
plainly singled out the empress Theodora as the 
principal victim of his venomous darts, and he gives 
an account of her early years which is both shocking 
and disgusting, but which, happily, we are not forced 
to regard as true. It goes without saying that such 
a work as this could not have been published during 
the lifetime of the author, and it appears that it was 
not given to the world until after the death of Jus- 
tinian in 565. — 

Serious doubts have been entertairied in times past 
as to the authenticity of the Anecdota, for at first 
sight it seems impossible that the man who wrote in 
the calm tone of the History and who indulged in 
the fulsome praise of the panegyric On the Buildings 
could have also written the bitter libels of the 
Anecdota. It has come to be seen, however, that 
this feeling is not supported by any unanswerable 
arguments, and it is now. believed to be highly 
probable at least, that the Anecdota is the work of 
Procopius. Its bitterness may be extreme and its 
calumnies exaggerated beyond all reason, but it must 
be regarded as prompted by a reaction against the 
hollow life of the Byzantine court. 

The third work is entitled On the Buildings, and is 
plainly an attempt to gain favour with the emperor. 
We can only guess as to what the immediate occasion 

xi 


INTRODUCTION 


was for its composition. It is plain, however, that 
the publication of the History could not have 
aroused the enthusiasm of Justinian; there was 
no attempt in it to praise the emperor, and one 
might even read an unfavourable judgment between 
the lines. And it is not at all unlikely that he was 
moved to envy by the praises bestowed upon his 
general, Belisarius. At any rate the work On the 
Buildings is written in the empty style of the fawning 
flatterer. It is divided into six short books and 
contains an account of all the public buildings of 
Justinian’s reign in every district of the empire. 
The subject was well chosen and the material ample, 
and Procopius lost no opportunity of lauding his 
sovereign to the skies. It is an excellent example 
of the florid panegyric style which was, unfortunately, 
in great favour with the literary world of his own as 
well as later Byzantine times. But in spite of its 
faults, this work is a record of the greatest importance 
for the study of the period, since it is a storehouse 
of information concerning the internal administration 
of the empire. 

The style of Procopius is in general clear and 
straightforward, and shows the mind of one who 
endeavours to speak the truth in simple language 
wherever he is not under constraint to avoid it. At 
the same time he is not ignorant of the arts of 
rhetoric, and especially in the speeches he is fond of 
introducing sounding phrases and sententious state- 
ments. He was a great admirer of the classical 
xii 


kite Ree 


INTRODUCTION 


writers of prose, and their influence is everywhere 
apparent in his writing; in particular he is much 
indebted to the historians Herodotus and Thucydides, 
and he borrows from them many expressions and 
turns of phrase. But the Greek which he writes is 
not the pure Attic, and we find many evidences of 
the influence of the contemporary spoken language. 

Procopius writes at times as a Christian, and at 
times as one imbued with the ideas of the ancient 
religion of Greece. Doubtless his study of the 
classical writers led him into this, perhaps un- 
consciously. At any rate it seems not to have been 
with him a matter in which even consistency was 
demanded. It was politic to espouse the religion of 
the state, but still he often allows himself to speak as 
if he were a contemporary of Thucydides. 

The text followed is that of Haury, ibis in the 


' Teubner series, 1905-1913. 


xiii 



















SF lh fe Di waka: ‘il satis 
MHbuae a? Sade nay Py wet eae 
MOL iSyomit intra aiikrroet sj nvtot e a 

air iicksefes Hii Giant Kn SP SNe 


FBS Si SH iP (S48) Sig Fa eae J 


A pe hive’ rade Hae Sv? ap outa 
Piirkce!l rc docs ala at Ose ee oth 
zh as Lemon a) i Sh 25 Se ee 
Fete pin Sup th aHSi) an ei: 3 i 
AE! Te pins at sits 0S ose 
eetstia” ABTS” ates «Soda ced pelts 2 fer 
Vis PS ml chien ents 1H iene ee 
SRR Saleen sy) Fay iatiorehp 46 ; - 
ke mors Sr} sata at Sit tee ah! : 
taf 3 fe of Nogertiaaeo lie ete San 
gi Rn FR Se re gee 
qe re hist a Btn OG tes fei 
’ Kt hres 2 “Biss { eee 


* , o 
wes . 
ei to 
. 
3 
«+t 
; wt, 
t. 


a aT 


BIBLIOGRAPHY 


THE editio princeps of Procopius was published by David 
Hoeschel, Augsburg, 1607; the Secret History was not in- 
cluded, and only summaries of the six books of the work 
On the Buildings were given. The edition is not important 
except as being the first. 

The Secret History was printed for the first time separately 
with a Latin translation by Alemannus, Lyon, 1623. 

The first complete edition was that of Maltretus, Paris, 
1661-63, reprinted in Venice, 1729 ; the edition included a 
Latin translation of all the works, which was taken over 
into the edition of Procopius in the Corpus Scriptorum 
Historiae Byzantinae by Dindorf, Bonn, 1833-38. 

Two editions of recent years are to be mentioned: 


Domenico Comparetti, La Guerra Gotica di Procopio di 


Cesarea ; testo Greco emendato sui manoscritti con tra- 
duxione Italiana, Rome, 1895-98; 3 vols. Jacobus Haury, 
Procopii Caesariensis Opera Omnia, Leipzig, 1905-13 ; 3 vols. 
(Bibl. Teub.). 

Among a number of works on Procopius or on special 
subjects connected with his writings the following may be 
mentioned : 


Felix Dahn : Procopius von Cdsarea, Berlin, 1865. 

Julius Jung: Geographisch-Historisches bei Procopius von 
Caesarea, Wiener Studien 5 (1883) 85-115. 

W. Gundlach : Quaestiones Procopianae, Progr. Hanau, it 
also Dissert. Marburg, 1861. 

J. Haury: Procopiana, Progr. Augsburg, 1891. 

B. Pancenko: Ueber die Geheimgeschichte des Prokop, 
Viz. Vrem. 2 (1895). 

J. Haury: Zur Beurteilung des Geschichtschreibers Procopius 
von Caesarea, Munich, 1896-97. 


XV 














ste JOSE Hay \weinkag eh ~ eves, whe 55 > Tue eat “hie de 


os ogecrrt' A. AB sees) oneal eo, THe 


Lye sney is oo sa em re Moor wa Sadtew 



















iavgtt "Wr ? Lylishey 20ac an Weaver" L. tn 








ea ali te alee hi alt Fd rs) eee yt : 
Yrepreryant tor al conte Se. seco — 
Rejloat got 

Mittutaqes ede tet Sd 2 Svadiney dee ¥ 
ESM aig. F kleine bh eel re Ohare ane 


tek eae iin bo “dik s suser ate, ere 











Fp aivetrti Wortihis odd < OSUk oe t ra beaded 
er tat Woe Couey aoe Bas Le ae aoe Ai 
\stegateass Riven . as er eighth said 





St ae a9 ims tad 4t} vol ae 


Tegra att OP pin etaey Foe ag ter: 

















“Rx aR ots Bn Lt OF Lue 
Patiial au eves “- Gr : 
akira). 2F-CDEF 2 ‘seis bi acee 





Sf Yar wit cwolkod old auaitiiw at 29 


JCS58h sAlsat erent yet, 4 oath 
pty Aas hacusiret and pankarareo ark ding Rigen © 
; at te eeati th Pik ojhry ie t Vue Ww 
LOSE emi ren a | AER HM toe Parties 

. OR) ratte leds 

2 fury rng tae , CTI rr cee 
Necitlnei a ah Lan stey AM) SBE, ‘vally us =i 
2 q haunts 
zy 19) re i se et ml Agial » “a aig See aibecetes ~~ 

is viii Ae i 








PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


HISTORY OF THE WARS: 
BOOK I 


THE PERSIAN WAR 





VOL. I. B 





ITPOKOINOY KAIZAPEO> 
THEP TON IIOAEMON AOTOS IPOTOL 


I 


1 Ilpoxortos Katoapets robs) modéuous . Evvé- 
yparev ods “Tovetiwiavds 6 “Papatwv Bacireds 
™ pos BapBdpous Sunveyne Tous Te é@ovs Kab 
éotrepious, Os Tm avTav Exact EvynvéxOn ye- 
vécOat, @s pn epya wmepueyéOn oO péyas aiwv 
Noryou épnpa xelpwoduevos TH TE AHO avTa 
KaTaT pont at Kal TavTamacw eEitma Onrar, 
OvTrep THY “YnENY AUTOS ETO peya TL eoecOaL 
Kal Evvoicoy és Ta padtoTa Tois TE VOY OvoL Kal 
Tois és TO €revTa yevnoopévows, ef Tote Kab 
adOis 0 ypovos és opotav Tia Tods avOpmmous 

2 avaykny diaGorto. Tois Te yap ToNE“NoELoVEL Kal 
Garros ayoviovpévois Svnciv twa éxtropivecOar 
ola Té cot » THs eudepods ictopias émiderkts, 
amokanXvTTovea pev Stor ToTé Tois mporyeyern- 
pévols TA THs Omolas aywvias Ey@pynoer, aivicco- 
pévn O€ OTrolay Tia TEeAXEUTHY TOs Ye @S apLoTa 
Bovrevopévors! ta. mapovta, ws TO eiKos, eet. 

3 kai of ait@e kEvvntictato mwavTovy padota 

1 Bovdevonévots Dindorf : BovAopévors MSS. 








PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 
HISTORY OF THE WARS: BOOK I 


THE PERSIAN WAR 


I 


Procorius of ities has written the history of 
the wars which Justinian, Emperor of the Romans, 


_ waged against the barbarians of the East and of the 


West, relating separately the events of each one, to 
the end that the long course of time may not over- 
whelm deeds of singular importance through lack of 
a record, and thus. abandon them to oblivion and 
utterly obliterate them. The memory of these events 
he deemed would be a great thing and. most helpful 
to men of the present time, and to future generations 
as well, in case time should ever again place men 
under a similar stress. For men who purpose to . 
enter upon a war or are. preparing themselves for 
any kind of struggle may derive some. benefit from 
a narrative of a similar situation in history, inasmuch 
as this discloses the final result attained by men of 
an earlier day in a struggle of the same sort, and 
foreshadows, at least for those who are most prudent 
in planning, what outcome present events. will 
probably have. Furthermore he had assurance that 


& 
bo 


4 


5 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


duvatos av Tabe Evyypdwat kat adro wey ovdér, 
if \ > fal 7 ¢ / f- a 
dte 6€ ad’T@ EvpBotvrk@ ypnuévm Bedicapio TO 
oTpaTny@ oxedov te Atac. wapayevécOar Tos 
metpaypevors Evvérrece. mpérrewy Te yyelTo pynTto- 
puch pev Sewotnta, momTixn oé buOorroviap, 
Evyypadh dé drnOeav. tadrd tou oveé >T9U 
Tov of és dyav émitnSeiwy Ta poyOnpae a dmexpo- 
wato, aka Ta Tact EvveveyPévTa Exacta 
> 4 / ol 3 # ¥ 
axptBoroyovpevos Evveypaato, elite ev eiTEe TH 
y ? lal > / / 

Gdn avtois eipydcOa EvvéBn. 

Kpeicoov && ovdév 7 iaxupotepoy tav év 
toiade Tois modeuors TETUYnKOTOVY TH YE OS 
GdnOGs Texunpiodc0ar Bovropévm avycerat. 
mMémpakTal yap ev TovTOIS padioTa TaYT@VY wv 
axon icpev Oavpacta ola, Hv pH Tis TOV Tade 


avareyouévav TO Tara ypdvm Ta TpecPeia - 


d80in Kal ta KaQ attov otx akioin Oavpacra 
olecOar. Womrep otv apéder Tovs pev Vov 
oTpatevopévous éviot Kadovar tokotas, ayyxe- 
payous S€ Kal adomididtas Kal toadta arta 
évou“ata Tols TadatoTtatos eOéXovor véwew, Tad- 
THY TE THY apeThy és TODTOY EAnAVOEvaL Tov ypd- 
vov Heeora otovr at, dtadatrapov ye Kal Tis 
mTeipas amtwTdT@ TV mepl aut ov Trovovpevor 
dofav. ov ydp tis WeTrOTE “abtois evvora 
yéyovev Ste 87 Tos ev Trap’ ‘Oppo tofevoucw, 
olomep Kal vBpilec bat amo TiS TéxvIS ovopato- 
pévars EvvéBawev, ody immros brhv, od Séopu, odK 


4 


Cie, OF gt a 


. _” +, 


VO —— eee 


————— 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. i. 3-9 


s 


he was especially competent to write the history of 


' these events, if for no other reason, because it fell 


to his lot, when appointed -adviser to the general 
Belisarius, to be an eye-witness of practically all the 


-.events to be described. It was his conviction that 


while cleverness is appropriate to rhetoric, and in- 
ventiveness to poetry, truth alone is appropriate to 
history. In accordance with this. principle he has 


not concealed the failures of even his most intimate 


acquaintances, but has written down with complete 
accuracy everything which befell those congerned, 
whether it happened to be done well or ill by them. 

It will be evident that no more important or 
mightier deeds are to be found in history than those 
which have been enacted in these wars,—provided 
one wishes to base his judgment on the truth. For 
in them more remarkable feats have been performed 
than in any other wars with which we are acquainted ; 
unless, indeed, any reader of this narrative should 
give the place of honour to antiquity, and consider 
contemporary achievements unworthy to be counted 
remarkable. There are those, for example, who 
call the soldiers of the present day “ bowmen,’’ while 
to those of the most ancient times they wish to 


‘attribute such lofty terms as “hand-to-hand fighters,” 


* shield-men,’’ and other names of that sort ; and they 
think that the valour of those times has by no means 
survived to the present,—an opinion which is at once 
careless and wholly remote from actual experience 
ofthese matters. For the thought has never occurred 
to them that, as regards the Homeric bowmen who 
had the misfortune to be ridiculed by this term! 
derived from their art, they were neither carried by 

1 Of. Iliad xi. 385 rotéra, AwBarhp, Képat wyAa€, wmapSevorina, 
the only place where rogérns occurs in Homer. 


5 


10 


1 


_ 


12 


13 


14 


15 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


aomis jypuvev, ovK adXo ovdev Tob T@paTos gu- 
AaxTpLov Vv, ANNA mefol Bev és paxny ETA, 
aroxex pvp at dé avtois iy, avaykatov, éraipou} 
TOU éxeyouevors aorta a7] orAn érl tvupBo 
TWh KeKdepevors, évOa ovrTe Tperropevor dtaco- 
fecOar obre pevbyouer Tots Tonepious éritidec Oat 
clot te hoav, ov pay, ovdée ard TOD éupavods 
Siapaxer Bar, arr TL ? KET TE édd0xouv ael tev 
év TH EvpBorg yevopevarr. avev bé TOUT@Y 
ovTaS aTaharTopos EX P@VTO Th Té VI», Bore 
TEeAAoUVTES TO opeTepyp pale Thy veupav eita TO 
BéXos agiecay Kxapov Te Kal ouridavov ete oTws 
Tois Sexopévots Eoomevov. TolavTH péV TIS ODTAa 
% tokeia daivetat mpotepov. oi S€ ye Tavov 
tokéTat tact ev és maynv TeOwpakiopévor Te Kab 
Kynuidas évappocdpevor péxpe €s yoru. HpTnTar 
5é¢ avtois amo pév tis SeEvas wrevpads ta Bérm, 
amo dé THs érépas TO Eidos. cial Oé ois Kal 
Sopu TpooaToKpe“arat Kal Bpaxeta Tes éml TOV 
OMav aomls oxdvou xepis, ola Ta Te apugl 
TO 7 poo wmrov Kal <Tov>* aixéva eT LKANUTTELD. 
immevovTat bé as dpiara Kal Oéovtos avtois 
os TAXLOTA Tob immov Ta ToEa TE ov yareT@s 
éyteivetv olot Té eLouv ep éxaTepa Kal S.@KovtTas 
TE Barre TOUS Tohepious Kal pevyovTas, EA- 
KeTaL dé avtois Kata TO péTOTOY ) veupa Tap 
avuToO padioTa. TOV WToV 70 Seftor, ToavTns 
arKijs écuTimhaca 70 Bédos, doe TOV del Tapa- 
mimtovtTa KTELvEL, OUTE doTlbos Lows OUTE P@paKos 
1 éralpov Maltretus, cod. e: érépov VP. 


2 +: Maltretus: ra V, 7d P 
3 <7bv> Hoeschel. 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. i. 9-15 


horse nor protected by spear or shield. In. fact 
there was no protection at all for their bodies; they 
entered battle on toot, and were compelled to conceal 
themselves, either singling out the shield of some 
comrade,’ or seeking safety behind a tombstone on a 
mound,? from which position they could neither 
save themselves in case of rout, nor fall upon a flying 
foe. Least of all could they participate in a decisive 
struggle in the open, but they always seemed to be 
stealing something which belonged to the men who 
were engaged in the struggle. And apart from this 
they were so indifferent in their practice of archery that 
they drew the bowstring only to the breast,* so that 
the missile sent forth was naturally impotent and 
harmless to those whom it hit.°. Such, it is evident, 
was the archery of the past. But the bowmen of 
the present time go into battle wearing corselets and 
fitted out. with greaves which extend up to the knee. 
From the right side hang their arrows, from the other 
the sword. And there are some who have a spear 
also attached to them and, at the shoulders, a sort of 
small shield without a grip, such as to cover the 
region of the face and neck. , They are expert 
horsemen, and are able without difficulty to direct 
their bows to either side while riding at full speed, 
and to shoot an opponent whether in pursuit or 
in flight. They draw the bowstring along by the 
forehead about opposite» the right ear, thereby 
charging the arrow with such an impetus as to kill 
whoever stands in the way, shield and corselet alike 


1 Cf. Iliad v. 192. 2 Cf. Iliad viii. 267 ; xi. 371. 
3 Of. Iliad iv. 113. 4 Cf. Ilad iv. 123. 
5 Cf. Iliad xi. 390. 


16 


17 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


amoxpovecOai tu Suvvapévov tis pwyns. etal dé 
of TovT@Y ievora evOvpovpevor oéBovrat pev Kal 
TeOnTrace TOV TradaLov Xpovov, ovdey dé tats éart- 
T icert bi8oacr mréov." arnra TOUT@Y OvOEV KW- 
Avoet py) ovxl peyora Te Kal aftohoyarara év 
toiade Tois modéuow EvpSijvar. _NenéEerat dé 
mpatov aptapévors puxpov dvobev boa ‘Papators 
EvvnvéxyOn kai Mndous arodepodor wabeiv te Kal 
dpacat. 


II 


“Hvixa Tov Biov ‘Apeddios 6 ‘Popaiov Baow- 
Revs év Butavrig | TeNevTaV Huedrev (Hv yap ot 
mais Pcoddcios ovrw Tod ret Bob amahrayeis), 
Suntropetro api Te ™@ Tator wal Th Bacréia, ed 
GéoBas aude os Herre éyov. éylvero yap 
TUS are evvowa, Os, Ay pev KOLv@VvOD Twa @eco- 
doci@ THs Tyyepovias mopttntar, avTos. av Tov 
maida Tov avtod Siaxpnedpevos 76 épy@ ein, 
TOAEMLOV AUTO Svva piv THY Bacinevov TrepuBe- 
BAqpévov emayayov, ay oe Hovov avuTov él 
TiS apxns KaTaathanTar, TONAL MeV THS Baat- 
Aelas éemuBatevcovor, THS TOU maLdos épnuias, 
@S TO. €iKOs, amoNavovTes, éravactavres 5é rove 
ovdevi TUpavyngoudt, Tov Qeodocvov Siabbeipayres, 
émel ovdéva év Butavrio Evyyev eixev bores 
av aur éritporos ein. ‘Ovdpuov yap ot Tov 
Oeiov emapKéceny ovdapi} ipATise, Tovnpav on 
tov “Itadias tpaypdtov dvtwv. ovdey dé 
hooov Kal ta &k Mydwy aditov Evverdpacce, 

1 rAéov Maltretus: wAéova VP, 
8 





Se a 


er) eles hh 


r ——— 








HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. i. 15-ii. 5 


having no power to check its force. Still there 
are those who take into consideration none of these 
things, who reverence and worship the ancient times, 
and give no credit to modern improvements. But 
no such consideration will prevent the conclusion 
that most great and notable deeds have been 
performed in these wars. And the history of them 
will begin at some distance back, telling of the 
fortunes in war of the Romans and the Medes, their 
reverses and their successes. 


II 


Wuen the Roman Emperor Arcadius was at the 
point of death in Byzantium, having a malechild, Theo- 


_ dosius, who was still unweaned, he felt grave fears not 


only for him but for the government as well, not know- 
ing how he should provide wisely for both. For he 
perceived that, if he provided a partner in govern- 
ment for Theodosius, he would in fact be destroying 
his own son by bringing forward against him a foe 
clothed in the regal power; while if he set him 
alone over the empire, many would try to mount the 
throne, taking advantage, as they might be expected 
to do, of the helplessness of the child. These men 
would rise against the government, and, after des- 
troying Theodosius, would make themselves tyrants 
without difficulty, since the boy had no kinsman in 
Byzantium .to be his guardian. For Arcadius had 
no hope that the boy’s uncle, Honorius, would 
succour him, inasmuch as the situation in Italy was 
already troublesome. And he was~ equally dis- 
turbed by the attitude of the Medes, fearing lest 


408 A.D, 


PROCOPIUS. OF CAESAREA 


debudTa py ot BadpBapor ovTOL THs TOD avto- 
Kparopos Kkatabéovres spruxias avnKkerTa épya 
‘Popatous dpdowow. és TAUT HY ‘Apedd1os TH 
apnyaviay EMMETTOKOS, Katrrep ov yeyovas els 
Ta ada ayxivous, Bovndeverat Bourn F Ayres. of TOV 
Te Tatoa wal THY apxnv dvacwaoacbat evmreTas 
ioxyvoer, elte KOWOAOYNOaMEVOS TOV Noyiwy TLCiD, 
oot moNol Bacthei mapedpeverp eid0acw, 1 
Oeias TLvOS émumvolas avT@ YEVOMEDNS. | dva- 
Onuns yap diabels ypappara, diadoxov pev Tis 
Hye povias aveitre TOV maida, émitpotrov 8€ avT@ 
KATETTHTATO ‘Todvyépdny TOV Mepody Bactréa, 

@ oy TOANA év tais SvaOnKats eréok € @eo- 
oot@ THY Bao thelav obéver Te Kal Tpovoia maon 
Evvdiacdcacbar. "A peadzos bev de THY TE apxny 
Kal Ta oixeia Svorenodpevos érehevTnoev" Tode- 
yépons dé 0 Ilepody Baotnreds, érrel TO ypaupa 
Touro atrevexOev cider, Ov Kal ™ porepov éml Tpo- 
Tov peyaroppootyn duaBontos és Ta paduara, 
aperny emedetEato Gatparos TE TOANOV cal oryou 
akiay. Tas yap "A pradiou évtonas év anroyig 
ovdemia Toimadpevos elpnvn TE ap dove Xpemevos 
Svaryéyovev és “Pepatous TOV TavTa Xpovov Ka 


10 Bcodocio THD dpxiyy duer@oato. avtixa your 


11 


T pos ‘Popatov TI Bouday ypadupata éypaer, 
emit poTros TE ovK aTra.pvoupevos Beodociov Baow- 
A€éws eiva Kal TOE MOV EMAVATELVOULEVOS, nv TLL 
avT@ és érruBovrny é eyxetpoin, xabicrac Gat. 

*"Exrel 6é @coddaros. pev avip Té éryeryover Kal 
HrALKias moppo adikto, ‘Todeyépons dé vor ncas €& 
av poray npavioro, érmre pev és “Popatov THY 
yiv Ovapapavns o Ilepo@yv Bacideds otpate 


1o 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. ii. 5-11 


these barbarians should trample down the youthful 
emperor and do the Romans irreparable harm. 
When Arcadius was confronted with this difficult 
situation, though he had not shown himself sagacious 
in other matters, he devised a plan which was 
destined to preserve without trouble both his child 
and his throne, either as a result of conversation 
with certain of the learned men, such as are usually 
found in numbers among the advisers of a sovereign, 


or from some divine inspiration which came to him. 


For in drawing up the writings of his will, he desig- 
nated the child as his successor to the throne, but ap- 
pointed as guardian over him Isdigerdes, the Persian 
King, enjoining upon him earnestly in his will to pre- 
serve the empire for Theodosius by all his power and 
foresight. So Arcadius died, having thus arranged 
his private affairs as well as those of the empire. But 
Isdigerdes, the Persian King, when he saw this 
writing which was duly delivered to him, being even 
before a sovereign whose nobility of character had 
won for him the greatest renown, did then display a 
virtue at once amazing and remarkable. For, loyally 
observing the behests of Arcadius, he adopted and 
continued without interruption a policy of profound 
peace with the Romans, and thus: preserved. the 
empire for Theodosius. Indeed, he straightway 
dispatched a letter to the Roman senate, not de- 
clining the office of guardian of the Emperor Theo- 
dosius, and threatening war against any who should 
attempt to enter into a conspiracy against him. 

_ When Theodosius had grown to manhood and was 
in the prime of life, and Isdigerdes had been taken 
from the world by disease, Vararanes, the Persian 
King, invaded the Roman domains with a mighty 


It 


441 A.D. 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


peyadro, Space Sé oddey dyapt, GAN amrpaKros 


12 éravArOev eis Ta olkela TpOTw ToL@de. "AvaTo- 


13 


14 


15 


Mov Tov THs €w stpatnyav Peoddcros [0] Bact- 
\ A. 79 L , Jas RE ae. 
Revs peo Reutny és Llépoas povoy avtov éTvyyave 
tréurpas’ os érrevd) dyytota éyeydver ToD Midav 
otpatov, aroOpécKer péev Tod immov povos, TECH 
dé Badifov ért Ovapapavnv ne. Kat avtov Ova- 
papavns idov Tav TapovTev aveTuvOdveTo baTIS 
\ © \ y ¢ a c / 3 
mote 6 Tpocimy ein. oi 5€ Tov “Papaiwy eivar 
XN y” , 3 n c 

oTpatnyov épacav, Katatrayels ody TO UrrEp- 
BadXovts THs Tims 0 Bacireds adtos! otpéWas 
Tov tmmov oricw amnravuve, Kai ol amas 6 TOV 
Ilepoav ews elrreto. yevouevos 5@ ev ‘yHR TH 
oixela Tov Te TpecReuTHy Evy diroppoavvyn TOAAH 
cide, kal TH eipnuny Evvexwpnoev oUT@S WaoTEP 
> / > a My > 29 © / / 
Avatonos abtod éxpntev, ed’ & pév toe pndérepot 
év xyopio oixeim év yettovwr Tois Tay érépov 
opiow bvTt dxvpwpa vewtepory TL épyalovTat. ov 
82) avtois éFeupyacpuévou éxdtepor Ta oixeia Orn 
éBovrovto érpaccor. 


Ill 


Xpove bé torepov Iepofns 6 Mepodv Bacireds 
mpos TO Otvvav tov "EdOaditav eOvos, otcmTep 
AevKods ovoudfoval, TodEMov TEpl ys opiwy Sué- 
depe, Aoyou Te dktov oTpatov ayelpas ém’ avTovs 
net. “Ed@arirar b€ Oivrrxoy pév eOvos eioi te 


12 1 gitds H: oftw VP, ovtos G. 


had al 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. ii. 11-iii. 2 


army ; however he did no damage, but returned. to 
his home without accomplishing anything. This 
came about in the following way. Anatolius, General 
of the East, had, as it happened, been sent by the 
Emperor Theodosius as ambassador to the Persians, 
alone and unaccompanied; as he approached the 
Median army, solitary as he was, he leapt down from 
his horse, and advanced on foot toward. Vararanes. 
And when Vararanes saw him, he enquired from those 
who were near who this man could be who was 
coming forward. And they replied that he was the 
general of the Romans. Thereupon the king was 
so dumbfounded by this excessive degree of respect 
that he himself wheeled his horse about and rode 


_ away, and the whole Persian host followed: him, 


When he had reached his own territory, he received 
the envoy with great cordiality, and) granted the 
treaty of peace on the terms which Anatolius desired 
of him; one condition, however, he added, that 
neither party should construct any new fortification 
in his.own territory in the neighbourhood of. the 
boundary line between the two countries. When 
this treaty had been executed, both sovereigns then 
continued to administer the affairs of their respective 
countries as seemed best to them. 


Ill 


Ar a, later time the Persian King Perozes became 
involved in a war concerning boundaries with the 
nation of the Ephthalitae Huns, who are called White 
Huns, gathered an imposing army, and marched 
against them. The Ephthalitae are of the stock of 
the Huns in fact as well as in name; however they 


03 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Kat ovoualovtat, ov pévTor dvapiyvuvtTae % émt- 
yopidtovew Oivvev ticlv dv tyeis lopev, érrel 
oUTE Ywpav avTois Gpwopov Exovawy ovTE TH AUTO 
dyxiora GKNVTAL, ara mpococobar pev Tlépoaus 
™pos Boppav dvepov, ov $7) Toms Topye ovo pias 
mpos avtais tou Tails Tepody éoxatiais éoTw, 
évrad0a dé rept yis opiov SiapayecOai mpds 
GrAjrovs cidOaciv. ov yap vopddes cioly doTrEp 
Ta GAra Odvvixa On, arr’ él yopas ayabAs 
Twos €« TmadaLod iSpuvras. tabra Tot oudé Twa 
éaBodny TeToinvT al TOTOTE €S ‘Popaiar THY ya 
bre pny Evy 7) Myjdev oTpATe. povoe dé Otvver 
ovTOL AeuKot TE Ta ooépara Kal ovK dpopdot Tas 
dafpers eioty. ov pay ovTE THY Siavray 0 OmoLoT poTrov 
avTois exovoty ouTe Onpiov Biov Twa amrep éxetvot 
Sow, anda Kal Tpos Baoiréws évos apxYovTat 
Kal moNTeLay évvomov ExovTes addHroLs TE Kal 
Tols TéXas ael dp0as Kai Sixaiwms EvpBddXrovet, 
‘Pepaiov te Kal Iepody ovdéy TL hocov. ot 
pévTou evdalpoves » abrrois girous érarpiovrat axpe 
és elkoow, dv obT@ TUXOL, i TOUT@Y Telous, 
olmrep avrois Evpmrorae Hev €s del yivovrat, TOV 
dé XPN maT eov _PETEXOUTL TAVTOV, Kowns TwWoOS 
éEovcias avTois és tavta ovens. éevday b€ TO 
avTovs éerarpioapevep TENEUTHO AL EvuBain, Tov- 
tous 6) Tovs avpas Cavras Evy avt@ és tov 
Taov eoxopites Bar VO MOS. 

“Eri TOUTOUS TOUS ‘Eg Oariras TD Tlepofy T0- 
pevopevep Evprrapiy mpeaBevtys, ds 69) eTuxe 
pos Bacihéws Zijvevos map avrTov éoTadpévos, 
EvoéBios dvoya. "EdOaritar dé Soxnow. rape- 


14 


Wig te MA a 


le A 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. iii. 2-8 


do not mingle with any of the Huns known. to 
us, for they occupy a land neither adjoining nor 
even very near to them; but their, territory lies 
immediately to the north of Persia; indeed, their 
city, called Gorgo, is located over against the Persian 
frontier, and is consequently the centre of frequent 


contests concerning boundary lines between the two 


peoples. For they are not nomads like the other 
Hunnic peoples, but for a long period have been 
established in a goodly land. As a result of this 
they haye never made any incursion into the Roman 
territory except in company with the Median army. 
They are the only ones among the Huns who have 
white bodies and countenances which are not ugly. 
It is also true that their manner of living is unlike 


that of their kinsmen, nor do they live a savage life 


as they do; but they are ruled by one king, and since 
they possess a lawful constitution, they observe. right 
and justice in their dealings both with one another 
and with their neighbours, in no degree less. than 
the Romans and the Persians. Moreover, the wealthy 
citizens are in the habit of.attaching to themselves 
friends to the number of twenty or more, as the 
case may be, and these become permanently. their 
banquet-companions, and have a share in all their 
property, enjoying some kind of a common right in 
this matter. Then, when the man who has gathered 
such a company together comes to die, it is the 
custom that all these men be borne alive into the 
tomb with him. 

Perozes, marching against these Ephthalitae, was 
accompanied by an ambassador, Eusebius by name, 
who, as it happened, had been sent to his court by 
the Emperor Zeno. Now the Ephthalitae made it 


m5 


10 


1] 


12 


13 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


, a , 4 \ >A 
Nomevor Tois ToNrepiows Ste 52 avTaY KaT@ppw@dn- 
/ J , 
KOoTES THY Epodov és huyny apunvrar, jecav Spoyo 
és y@pov tiva dvrep bpn aroTopa TavTayober 
éxvKrovy, suxvois Te Kal auditapéow és ayav 
* WwW ‘ 
KaduTrroueva Sévdpas. évTos 5é TOV Opav Tpo- 
iovTL @s TroppwTdTw odos pév Tis edaiveto év 
/ > a > lem al 8 / 4 8 de 
péow evpeia emi mreiotov. dinxovoa, eEodov Sé 
n > n + > > 3 > \ UA 
TeXNEUTH@oAa ovdapuh elyev, AAN és adTov padioTa 
A tA rn > n ” / \ io 
TOV KUKXOV ToV opav eXnye. Tlepofns pev ody, 
SéX0u TavTos appovtiaTncas ovK évvody TE ws eV 
yn GddoTtpia TopevoiTo, aveTicKémT@s édLi@Ke. 
tov dé Ovvyvwr oriryou pév Twes EuTrpoabev epev- 
a val / 
yov, of dé mreloTo: év tais dvcxwpias Siara- 
Gortes Kata veTov éyévovTo Tod THY ToAELioV 
oTpatov, ovTw TE avTois €BovAOVTO evdnrot Eivat, 
a , 
étras 52 THs évédpas Toppw YwpycavtTes évTOs TE 
TOV Opav éml mrEloTov yeyevnpévot wnKéTe OTTLe@ 
eee gs olot Te Wow. Ovtrep of Midot aicOo- 
pevot (70n yap Kai TL Tod Kivdvvou vmréphatver) 
avrol pev déer TO ex Llepdfov ra rapovta odiow 
> n 3 > , \ \ / 
év olamh elyov, KicéBuov b€ modra édumrapouv 
Tapaivecty és tov Bacirtéa Toujcacbar paxpapv 
> / [al ? / n 4 
ATONEAELUMEVOV TOV OiKELMY KAKaV, BovrNeverOat 
n x 7 > 2 UA \ 
paAXov 7 OpacvvecOar oix év SéovTt, Kal Sia- 
a / 
oxotreicOar nv tis Tote pnxavn és coTnplay 
, ” ¢ de TL ld > v r0e 
épovea ein. o O€ Ilepofy és dv €-XOav Tuynv 
Mev THY Tapovoay ws hKLioTa aTeKdduWev, ap—a- 
pevos 5€ pvOorrovias NéovTd ToTe Tpayo EpacKev 
a f 
évtuyelv Sedeuévm Te Kal pnKkwpévm etl x@pou 
Tivos ov Aiav tryrod, eri Boivy dé avtov tov 
¢ io] 
AéovTa Epiéuevov opuhoar pév ws apTacovTa, 
16 


a a ae ae eee 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. iii. 8-13 


appear to their enemy that they had turned to flight 
because they were wholly terrified by their attack, 
and they retired with all speed to a place which was 
shut in on every side by precipitous mountains, and 
abundantly screened by a close forest of wide-spread- 
ing trees. Now as one advanced between the moun- 
tains to a great distance, a broad way appeared in the 
valley, extending apparently to an indefinite distance, 
but at the end it had no outlet at all, but terminated 
in the very midst of the circle of mountains. So 
Perozes, with no thought at all of treachery, and 
forgetting that he was marching in a hostile country, 
continued the pursuit without the least caution. A 
small body of the Huns were in flight before him, 


_while the greater part of their force, by concealing 


themselves in the rough country, got in the rear 
of the hostile army; but as yet they desired not to 
be seen by them, in order that they might advance 
well into the trap'and get as far as possible in among 
the mountains, and thus be no longer able to turn back. 
When the Medes began to realize all this (for they 
now began to have a glimmering of their peril), 
though they refrained from speaking of the situation 
themselves through fear of Perozes, yet they earn- 
estly entreated Eusebius to urge upon the king, who 
was completely ignorant of his own plight, that he 
should take counsel rather than make an untimely 
display of daring, and consider well whether there 
was any way of safety open to them. So he went 
before Perozes, but by no means revealed the | 
calamity which was upon them; instead he began 


_ with a fable, telling how a lion once happened upon 


a goat bound down and bleating on a mound of no 
very great height, and how the lion, bent upon 


17] 
VOL. I. c 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


19 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA - 


éumeceiv. 5é és KatTwpuxa Babeiay padiota; oddv 
KUKXOTEph) Exovcay oTevijy Te Kal ov meTrEpac- 
pévnv (S1éE0dov yap oddaph elyev), Av 8 ot TOb 
tTpdyou Kipior eEeritndes Texvnoapevor vrrepOev 
THS KaT@pYXos TOV Tpayov TeMEeixacL TO AEOVTL 
TrodoaTpaBny éodpevoy. Tavita Ilepogys axovaas 
és S€0s AOE un ToTEe Midou ert movnp® TO. ohe- 
tépp tHv Siwtw él Tods wodeulous TeTOinVTaL. 
Kal mpocw ev ovKéte eywper, wevov Se adTod Ta 
mapovta év BovAn érrotetro. | Odvvor S€ Sn Erro- 


poevot €x TOD éuhavods ToD Ydpou TH elcodov év 


fvrakh elyov, Oras pnKéte of Todeusor OTricw 
amedauvew olot te wat. Kal oi Ilépca: tote 57 
NauTpe@s HaOnpévor OV HoaVv. KaKov ev cuphopa 
émo.ouvTo Ta Tapovta chiar, SiahevéecOau Tov 
xivOuvov.év éhrrids ovdEma.TO NoiTroy ExovTEs. 0 OE 
tov “EdOaditav Bacirevs wéwrpas mapa Tepofnv 
TOV Of éETrOMévaY, TWAS, TOAKA ev AUTO Opagous 
mépt ddoylaTou aveldicev, adh’ ob dn avTOV TE Kal 
To Ilepodv yévos Koop@ ovderi diapOeipecer, év- 
decew bé Kai Os THY cwTnpiav Odbvvous adrois 
emnyyérreTo, Hv ye avTov Te Llepofns mpooKuveiv 
BovraT0, are SeomoTny yeyevnuévov, Kal Spkovs 
tovs odiot Tatpious duyds TA TicTa Soin pmoTe 
Tlépoas éri 76 “EdOarutav &Ovos otparevoacbat. 
tavta érel Tlepdtys jxovoe, wdyov Tois Tapovet 
KoLvoNoynadwevos aveTruvOdveto ei Ta émaryyen- 
opeva pos TaY évayTiwy Tomtéa cin. of Se 
wayou ameKpivayTo Ta pev auol TO dpK@ én ob 
Bovropéve éotlv avrov dioxjncacba,' és pévtot 

} diouxnoac@a: Haury conjectures <deiy> diomnoagbar. ~ 
18 


ee 





== 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. iii. 13-19 


making a feast of the goat, rushed forward with 
intent to seize him, but fell into a trench exceedingly 
deep, in which was a circular path, narrow and end- 
less (for it had no outlet anywhere), which indeed 
the owners of the goat had constructed for this very 
alice: and they had placed the goat above it to 
be a bait for the lion. When Perozes heard this, a 
fear came over him lest perchance the Medes had 
brought harm upon themselves by their pursuit of 
the enemy. He therefore advanced no further, but, 
remaining where he was, began to consider the 
situation.. By this time the Huns were following 
him without any concealment, and were guarding 
the entrance of the place in order that their enemy 
might no longer be able to withdraw to the rear. 
Then at last the Persians saw clearly in what straits 
they were, and they felt that the situation was 
desperate ; for they had no hope that they would 
ever escape from the peril. Then the king of the 
Ephthalitae sent some of his followers to Perozes ; 
he upbraided him at length for his senseless fool- 
hardiness, by which he had wantonly destroyed 
both himself and the Persian people, but he an- 
nounced that even so the Huns would grant them 
deliverance, if Perozes should consent to prostrate 
himself before him as having proved himself master, 
and, taking the oaths traditional among the Persians, 
should give pledges that they would never again 
take the field against the nation of the Ephthalitae. 
When .Perozes heard this, he held a consultation: 


* with the Magi. who were present. and enquired of 


them whether he must comply with the terms dic- 
tated by the enemy. s The Magi replied that, as to 
the oath, he should settle the matter according to 


19 
c 2 


20 


21 


22 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


TO Erepov copia meptenBeiv TOV TrOAeMLOV. elvaL 
yap avrots vomov Tas Too HALou dvaronas ™poo- 
Kuvelv pe a éxdorn. Senoew oby avTov TnpN- 
cavra és TO ax puBes TOV Kalpov Evryyevér Ban ev 
dpa Huepa TO TOV "EdSamrav a GPXOVTL, TETPAp- 
pévov dé Tov T™pos ayia xovra. ipaov TpooKuvety” 
TaUTD yap av és TO émevta THs mpagews THY 
aripiay puyey Svvairo. Tepogns pep ouv appt 
TE TH elpnvy Ta TieTa ewKe Kal TOV TONE LLOV 
MpogeKvynae xabarep TOV payov % wTroOnKn 
mapnyyedrev; _ cxpacpyel dé mavtt 7 Mrdov 
oTpaT@ ém oikov aopevos aveywpnce. 


IV 
Xpove Sé od TOAAG torepov aroynoas Ta OMe- 

pocpéva ticac8a Oivvous tis és adrov bBpews 
” fe s 5 a, 2 , a 
HOere. mavras ody adtixa ex maons yhs Uépcas 

\ , b-iLy >) 3219 425) 
Te Kal Evppdyous ayetpas él tovs "Ed@aditas 
4 n / iA \ / ” 4 
Hye, Tov Taidav &va pev KaBadny dvoya povov 
> \ n \ e \ ” \ \ 
aTolTav (THYLKAdTA yap HBnKws ETUXE), TODS OE 
Nourrovs aravras érayomevos TpLdKoVTAa padLoTa. 
"EdOanrirar 5& adtod tiv epodov yvovtes ayGo- 
fevol Te ols 81) Tpos TOV ToAELIOY NTaTHVYTO TOV 

, 2 / ef / / 
Bacivréa éxaxifov, ate mpoéuevov Mndas ta 


Tpaypata. Kal ds avtav Evv yédore érvvOdvero 


Tl ToTe dpa opav Tpoepevos ein, ToT epov THY hy 
7) Ta Ora 1) AAXO TL TOV TaYT@Y XPnEATOD. ot 
Sé brodaBovtes ovx adAO ovdev TAHV ye 5x Ore 


20 


— 


—— == - - —-— ™ 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. iii. 19-iv. 5 


his own pleasure ; as for the rest, however, he should 


circumvent his enemy by craft. And they reminded 
him that it was the custom among the Persians to 
prostrate themselves before the rising sun each day ; 
he should, therefore, watch the time closely and 
meet the leader of the Ephthalitae at dawn, and then, 
turning toward the rising sun, make his obeisance. 
In this way, they explained, he would be able in 
the future to escape the ignominy of the deed. 
Perozes accordingly gave the pledges concerning 
the peace, and prostrated himself before his foe ex- 
actly as the Magi had suggested, and so, with the 
whole Median army intact, gladly retired homeward. 


IV 


Nor long after this, disregarding the oath he had 
sworn, he was eager to avenge himself upon the 
Huns for the insult done him, He _ therefore 
straightway gathered together from the whole land 
all the Persians and their allies, and led them 
against the Ephthalitae; of all his sons he left 
behind him only one, Cabades by name, who, as it 
happened, was just past the age of boyhood ; all the 
others, about thirty in number, he took with him. 
The Ephthalitae, upon learning of his invasion, were 
aggrieved at the deception they had suffered at the 
hands of their enemy, and. bitterly reproached their 
king as having abandoned them to the Medes. He, 
with a laugh, enquired of them what in the world of 
theirs he had abandoned, whether their land or their 
arms or any other part of their possessions. © They 
thereupon retorted that he had abandoned nothing, 


2. 


oO 


10 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA. 


Tov Katpov épacay, ob} Tara TavTa npTHoOaL 
/ lal a rz : 

EvpBaiver, of ev ody Tots émiodow brravTidbew 

Tdaon TpoOvpia néiovy, o Sé avTovs pev ev ye TO 


mTapovtTe ex@Avev. ov yap Tw cadés TL aul TH 
éfodm iaxupifeto yeyovévat odicw, érel oi Ilép- 
cat ett €v yh TH OiKela TUyYdvoUCW dyTES* péevOV 
S& adrod émoies rdde. ev TO Tedim 7 Eueddov 


Ilépoas és ta "Ep@aritdv On éoBadrew yopav 


TOMAnY Tia én TA€icTOY aToTEe“@Y, Tappov 
eipyacato Babeidy te Kal. evpous ixavas Exovcar, 
oriryov Twa ev peop ax parpyi} Y@pov arrocuTrav 
bcov immav 06@ € emapiety déxa. Kaddpous Te TH 
Tapp@ bmepOev emriBels Kal yiv ért Tovs Kadadpous 
ovvapnodevos, TavTn émimodns exputev, Odvvev 
Te TH Omit eréoredrev, ereidav evOevde driow 
daredadvew peAwWoL, Sua yopov Tod yépcov és 


dAiyous odas Evvaryayovras oXonasTEpous iévat, 


Prraccopevous OTws Ha) és Ta éoxappeva éumri- 
mTotev: Tovs S€ &das aKpov onpeiov ToD Bact- 
Aelov amexpéuacey és ods Tov Spxov Tlepogns 
A , ° A A > / 5 > \ ” 

@woce TpoTepov, ov oH dhoynaas eita émt Ovp- 
vous eoTpareveer. és pep ob ép 15 7h opetépa 
TOUS Trodepious HKovev evar, Hhovyh euevev, éerel 


5é avTovs és Topyo mOALY enabey adicérBat Tpos 


TOV KATATKOT OY, nmep év Tois €axdtos Tlepoay 
Optoss TUyKX aver ovaa, vO TE GTaAAAaYEeVTAS 08@ 
él obas Hon tévat, avTos pev TO TACO. Tod oTpAa- 
TOD Ths Tadpov évTds Euerver, Odiryous 8é méuapas 


22 


wt 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. iv. 5-10 


except, forsooth, the one opportunity on which, as: it 
turned. out, everything else depended: Now the 
Ephthalitae with all zeal demanded that they should 
go out to meet. the invaders, but. the king sought to 
restrain them at any rate for the moment. For he 
insisted that as yet they had received no definite 
information as to the invasion, for the Persians were 
still within their own boundaries. So, remaining 
where he was, he busied himself as follows. In 
the plain where the Persians were to make their 
irruption into the land of the Ephthalitae he marked 
off a ‘tract of very great extent and made a deep 
trench of sufficient width; but in the ‘centre he 
left'a small ‘portion of ground intact, enough to serve 
as a way for ten horses. » Over the trench he placed 
reeds, and.upon the reeds he scattered earth, thereby 
concealing the true-surface. He then directed the 
forces of the Huns that, when the time came to 
retire inside the. trench, they should draw themselves 
together into a narrow.column and pass rather slowly 
across this neck of land, taking care that.they should _ 
not fall into the ditch.!_ And he hung from the. top 
of the royal banner the salt over which Perozes had 
once sworn the oath which he had. disregarded in 
taking the field against the Huns. Now as long as 
he heard that the enemy were in their own territory, 
he remained at rest; but when he learned from his 
scouts that they had reached the city of Gorgo 
which lies on the extreme Persian frontier, and that 
departing thence they wete now advancing against 
his army, remaining himself with the greater part of 
his troops inside the trench, he sent forward.a small 


The trench crossed the plain in an approximately straight 
line. The army of the Ephthalitae were drawn up behind it, 
facing the advancing Persians, while a few of them went out 
beyond the trench to draw the attack of the Persians. 


23 


11 


12 


13 


14 


15 


16 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


op Ova per Tots évavtious év TO medio éxédeve 
paKpav arrobev, apdévras be povov eita ava KpaTos 
pevyew omricw, év pone, Tas avTod evrohas adh | 
TH KAT@PUXE éxovras, jvica 87 aQurins dry lorTa 
ixowvTo. ol dé Kara TAUTA érrotouv, Kal evel THS 
dcwpvyos ayxoTaTo & éryévovTo, &¢ | OALyous opas Euv- 
aryaryovTes SveBnoay a drravtTes kal TO ado oT pare 
dvepiryvurro. oi Oé Tlépoae Evveivas THS émiBourf] S 
ovdaph éyovtes KaTA Kpatos év Trediw May orr@, 
ediwxov, Gup@ TOAA® és Tous Trodepious EXO MEVOL, 
és Te THY sTappov eu Tren ToKaT W ATravTes,, 00x ot. 
TpOTor povor, aArXa Kat door Omicbev eitrovTo? 
ate yap THD. dimEww Evy Oupe peyar@, cabamep 
cpps0n, TOLOUMEVOL, WS Mora naGovro TOD KAKOU 
}  Evvrerdynee Tots eumpoa bev iodow, adn 
ae auTous Eby Tots immous Te kal Sopacw eu 
TET TOKOTES €xeivous TE, WS TO ELKOS, ExTELVAY Kal 
avtot ovdév Tt hooov vvduepOdpnoar. év ols Kal 
Tlepotns 7 Hv Eby Tact Tols avTov dtract. Kal av- 
TOV péddovra és TO Bapab pov TobTo eumreceia Oat 
pace Tov Te Sewvod Ho Pica Kal TO papyapov, 6 & 
ob NevKoTaT ov TE Kal peyeous trepBonrg € EVTLLOV 
ef « @TOS TOU Seft0b amreKpeuato, aehovra, pirat, 
draws 6) wn TI avo oniow popoin, émet. aEvo0éa- 
Tov Umeppuas HV, olov oume TporEpov Erép@ T@ 
Bacunret yeyover, éuol bev ov micTa éyoures. 
ov yap av évrav0a yevopevos Tob. KaKod ddNov 
orovoby és ppovrida rev, GAN olpas TO Te obs 
av7T@ év TOUT@ EvryeexopOac TO maber Kal 70 
pdpyapov bmn more apavia Ofvat. omrep 0 ‘Pw- 
paiwy Bactreds TOTE mplac bat ™mpos Tov "Ed Oa- 
MTav év orovdy Tomodpevos Hheota toxveen. 


24 








al at leet tii 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. iv. 1ro-16 


detachment with instructions to allow themselves to 
be seen at a distance by the enemy in the plain, and, 
when once they had been seen, to flee at full speed to 
the rear, keeping in mind his command concerning the 
trench as soon as they drew near to it. They did as 
directed, and,as they approached the trench, they drew 
themselves into a narrow column, and all passed over 
and joined the rest of the army. But the Persians, 
having no means of perceiving the stratagem, gave 
chase at full speed across a very level plain, possessed 
as they were by’a spirit of fury against the enemy, 
and fell into the trench, every man of them, not alone 
the first but also those who followed in the rear. For 
since they entered into the pursuit with great fury, as I 
have said, they failed to notice the catastrophe which 


had befallen their leaders, but fell in on top of them 


with their horses and lances, so that, as was natural, 
they: both destroyed them, and were themselves no 
less inyolyed in ruin. Among them were Perozes 
and all his. sons... And just as he was about to fall 
into this. pit, they say that he realized the danger, 
and seized and threw from him the pearl which hung 
from his right ear,—a gem of wonderful whiteness 
and greatly prized on account of its extraordinary 
size—in order, no doubt, that no one might wear it 
after him ; for it was a thing exceedingly beautiful to 
look upon, such as no king before him had possessed. 
This story, however, seems to me untrustworthy, 
because a man who found himself in such _ peril 
would have thought of nothing else; but I suppose 
that his ear was crushed in this disaster, and the 
pearl disappeared somewhere or other. This pearl 
the Roman Emperor then made every effort to buy 
from the Ephthalitae, but was utterly unsuccessful. 


25 


17 


18 


19 


2 


_ 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


ov yap avro ebpéo far ot BapBapou elxpv, xatmep 
TOV@ TORO THY nrnoty Towne dpevor. pact 
pevrou "Edbariras evpopéevous abo dorEpov TO 
KaSddy arroboa Gan. 

"Oca 6& augl 76 d » TOUT Ilé oa 

pe papydape @ Iép 

Aéyoue ww elmety ak vov*. lows yap av T@ Kal ov 
mavTamac wy aTLoTOS 6 oyos Sofevey eval. re 
yourw ovv Tlépoae elvat pev ev TO xrevl 70 
peapyapov Tobro év Garacon ¥ A év Tlépoas éotl, 
vnxer Oar bé TOV KTEVa Tis TauTn mpLOvos ov TON 
drrobev: dvewyevar TE avTou dupe Ta doTpaka, av 
8 Kata pécov TO pdpyapov claret Oéapa Xorvyou: 
TOAD aor. | aro yap avT@ eixacOjvat ovda-- 
3) éoxev ove TO peryeder ovTe TO KaAAEL EK TOD 
TAVTOS Xpovov. KUva be Pardo cvov vareppua Te 
Kal devas aypiov épacrny TOD Dedparos TobTou 
ryevomevov EnecOae Kat iXvOS avT@, ovTE VUKTA 
avievta ovTe Hyépav, adda Kal pica Tpopis 
érripmeneio Oar avaykac ein, evravda bév Tt TrEpt- 
oKoTretaOar TaV eSa@dipov, eUpovTa 6é Te Kal 
avehopevoy éoOiew pev OTL TaxloTa, KaTana- 
Bovra dé autiKa 69 ada TOV Kr eva, Dedparos. 
av0is Tov épapévou eurrimhac at, Kal Tote TOV 
Twa ypiméwv acl Ta bev TOLOvpEDA émdeiv, 
amodeidc avra dé 70 Onptov ATOKVTAL TOV! 
xivouvor, és Te Tov Bactréa Llepofnv dravra tov 
Noryov aveveyKeiv. a Ly) 7® Iepdt axoteavte 
moO ov pact Tob papyapov: ryevéo bau péyav, Ton= 
Aais re am avroo Owrretaes TOV aomrantéa ‘TOUTOV 
Kal ayabov éXrriow erapar. dv 67 avTiTeiveEw 
aitoupéve Searrory ovk' éyovta Aéyouat Tabe TO 
Tlepotn eitrety “OQ. Sécro0ta, robewa péev av- 


26 








HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. iv. 16-22 


For the barbarians were not able to find it although 
they sought it with great: labour. However, they say 
that. the Hophinelitec found it later and sold it to 
Cabades. 

The story of this pearl, as told by the Persians, is 
worth recounting, for perhaps to some it may not 
seem altogether incredible. For they say that it 
was lodged in its oyster in the sea which washes the 
Persian coast, and that the oyster was swimming not 
far from the shore ; both its valves were standing 
open and the pearl lay between them, a wonderful 
sight and notable, for no pearl in all history could be 
compared with it at all, either in size orin beauty. A 
shark, then, of enormous size and dreadful fierceness, 


fell in love with this sight and followed close upon 


it, leaving it neither day nor night; even when he 
was compelled to take thought for food, he would 
only look about for something eatable where he was, 
and when he found some bit, he would snatch it 
up and eat it hurriedly; then overtaking the oyster 
immediately, he would sate himself again with the 
sight he loved. At length a fisherman, they say, 
noticed what was passing, but in terror of the 
monster he recoiled from the danger; however, he . 
reported the whole matter to the king, Perozes. 
Now when Perozes heard_his account, they say that 
a great longing for the pearl came over him, and he 
urged on this fisherman with many flatteries and 
hopes of reward. Unable to.resist the importunities 
of the monarch, he is said to have addressed Perozes 
as follows ; ‘‘ My master, precious to a man. is money, 


27 


23 pé 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Opamre Xpnpara, moBeworépa b€ 7) 4 wrx, TavT@v 
VTOL agi@rara TEKVOL. Ov 67 TH OTOpYA avayKa- 
obels pice icws av Tis Kal TavTa TONpMoELED. 
éy@ TOLVUY TOU Té Onpiov arrorretpacer Oat Kal TOU 


24 papydpov ce Kupiov OncecOar édmida exw. Kal 


25 


HY wev KpaTnow Tod ayavos TovTOV, EvVdnAOV 
év Tois KaXovupévols OABlas TO évOévde TeTaEomat. 
oé Te yap waow ayaois pe SepncerBar are 
Bacio Bacvhéa oudev ATELKOS, Kal épuol aTro- 
XpNTEL; Kaltrep ovder, & ay ovT@ TUXOL, KEKOMLG [é- 
vo, TO Seamorov evepyéer gy Tot €yod yeyerfja au. 
et dé cme bet TO Onpio TOUT@ GX@vat, cov 87 
épryov éorat, @ Bactred, Tovs mTaidas Tovs €wous 


26 Gavdrov Too TAT P@ov apeipaab au. ovT@ nap 


28 


eya@ ev kal TETENEUTIKOS év Tots dvaryKaLoT aT OLS, 


EupiaGos Eo opal, ov dé aperhs boav anoicy 
pela. Ta Tadia yap operdy ev Towmaers eme 
damep col TIS evepyectas THY Xdpw ovdaph 
eloopmat. aoTn, yap av evyvopocvrn aiBonros 
yévorto ovn és ToUs aTroOavovtas ériberyOeioa.” 
TOTAUTA. Ei T@V ann\daocero. Kal émel és TOV 
X@pov agixeto iva 6 6 Te KTels vixerOar Kal 0 
Kv@v avT@ elOtcto érecOa, evradla emt méT pas 
éxdOnro Twos, KatpopuAaKay el mes épnuov Tore 
TO papyapov TOD épactob AaBor. erred dé 7 
kuvl TaXora TOV TwWE és THY Ooivny oi i érretndel@rs 
ey ovT@V eVTETUXNKEVAL Evvérece ral meph TOUTO 
Star peBiy & EXEL”, ATOM TOY él Tis aier hs 6 ames 
TOUS OF éml TavtTn 5H é Eropevous Th vroupyia edd 
Tod KTevds omovdH ToAAH Het, cal avroo non 
AaBopevos é&m yevér Oar Kara TAYOS NITEVYETO. 
ob 87 6 Kvov aicOdopevos éBonOea évradOa. dev 


28 


i. 


—_— 


a | hae 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. iv. 22-29 


more precious still is his life, but most prized of all 
are his children ; and being naturally constrained by 
his love for them a man might perhaps. dare any- 
thing. Now I intend to make trial of the monster, 
and hope to make thee master of the pearl. And if 
I succeed in this struggle, it is plain that henceforth I 
shall be ranked among those who are counted blessed. 
For it is not unlikely that thou, as King of Kings, 
wilt reward me with all good things; and for me it 
will be sufficient, even if it so fall out that I gain no 
reward, to have shown myself a benefactor of my 
master. But if it must needs be that I become the 
prey of this monster, thy task indeed it will be, O 
King, to requite my children for their father’s death. 


_. Thus even after my death I shall still be a wage- 


earner among those closest to me, and. thou wilt win 
greater fame for thy goodness,—for in helping my 
children, thou wilt confer a boon upon me, who shall 
have no power to thank thee for the benefit— 
because generosity is seen to be without alloy only 
when it is displayed towards the dead.” With these 
words he departed. And when he came to the place 
where the oyster was accustomed to swim and the 
shark to follow, he seated himself there upon a rock, 


watching for an opportunity of catching the pearl 


alone without its admirer. - As soon as it came about 
that the shark had happened upon something which 
would serve him for food, and was delaying over it, 
the fisherman left upon: the beach those who were 
following him for this service, and made straight for 
the oyster with all his might ; already he had seized ° 
it and was hastening with all speed to get out of the 
water, when the shark noticed him and rushed to 
the rescue. The fisherman saw him coming, and, 


29 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


TE avrov 0 oarynvevTys, évrel caTaauBaver Oat 
Tis THLOvOS. ov paKpav ewedre, TO pe Ojpapa 
Hcdvriorev és THY yay Surdper Th don, avTos 8e 
30 aXovs SuePOdpn ov TONDO doTepov. aVENOMEVOL 
dé 7d pdpyapov ot ent THS aT AS ere pevos TO 
Te Bactrei dmeKopmicay dal Ta Evvevey evra 
31 TavTa eonyyerhav. Ta pev ovv appl TO papya- 


pe TOUT@ THO, 7 NTP eppnOn, Tépoau EvveveyOij- 


vat pac. éy@ O€ él Tov mpoTepov Royov 
CTraverpt. 

32 Odrw pev Hepégins Te SiepOapn Kab Evuraca 
7 Hepodv oTpatid. ei ydp Tes ovK EPTETTOKOS 
és Thy du@puxa ETUXED, d0¢ vo Tov Tohemtov 

33 Tats: yepot ryeryove. Kab an avTov vOmOS TreOertas 
Tépoats pon tote ods év yA Tohemig éhatvouTas 
Siok troveto Pai Twa, nv Kal Kata Kparos Tovs 

34 évaytious ohion TpaTHval EvpBain. boot pévror 
Tepoty ov Evo Tparevoavres év Yopa TH avTav 
emeway, ovToL 6) Bacthéa opion KaBddnv etAov- 
TO TOV vedTaTov Tlepofou viv, domep ThvicadTa 

35 Teptiy Hovos. Tore ay "EpOarirars KATHKOOL €S 
popov arraryor ny éyévovTo Tlépoau, & Ews KaBadys 
THY apxny iaxuporata KpaTuvdevos Popov av- 
TOUS aropépery TOV éméreLov OvKETL n&lou. Hpeav 
5é Ilepoay of BapBapor obtor éviavtovs Svo, 


V 


1 Mera dé KaBadns emt TO Buacorepov TH aQX7 
Xpepevos adda Te vewrEpa és THY TONTELAY 
elonye Kal vouov eyparpep emt Kowa Tats yuvargl 


piyvucbar lépoas Orrep TO TAHOOs oddaph Hpe-_ 


3° 


* 
al, «ty Core 


aa} 


tl 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. iv. 29-v. 1 


when he was about to be overtaken not far from the 
beach, he hurled;his booty with all his force upon 
the land, and was himself soon afterwards seized and 
edestroyed. But the men who had been left upon 
the beach picked up the pearl, and, conveying it to 
the king, reported all that had happened: Such, 
then, is the story which the Persians relate, just as I 
have setit down, concerning this pearl. But I shall 
return ‘to the previous narrative. 

Thus Perozes was destroyed and the whole Persian 
army withhim. For the few who by chance did not 
fall into the ditch found themselves at the mercy of 
the enemy. | As aresult of this experience a law was 
established among the Persians that, while marching 


in hostile territory; they. should never engage in any 


) ani 


persuit, even if it should happen that. the enemy had 
been driven back by force. . Thereupon those who 
had not marched with Perozes and had remained in 
their own land chose as. their king Cabades, the 
youngest son of Perozes, who was then the only one 
surviving. At that time, then, the Persians became 
subject and tributary to the Ephthalitae, until 
Cabades had established his power most securely and 
no longer deemed: it necessary to’ pay the annual 
tribute to them. And the ‘time these barbarians 
ruled over the Persians was two years. 


V 


Bur as time went on Cabades became more high-- 


handed in the administration of the government, and 
introduced innovations into the constitution, among 


' which was a law which he promulgated providing 


31 


484 A.D. 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


oxe. 610 57 avT@ émavacravTes TapéAvaay TE 
Ths apyis cal dnoavtes €v durakh eiyov. Kal 
Baciréa pev opior Brdony tov Tepofov aderpov 
etAovTo, érevdn ryovos ev ovdels Ete appnr 
Tlepofy, womep éppyOn, érérevrrro, Ilépoais 6é 
> / BA > \ / / 

ov Oéuts avipa és tiv Bacireiav Kabiotracbar 
idsoTny yévos, Ott pH eEvTHAOV TavTdTace yévoUS 
tod Bactreiov dvtos: Brdons 8é tHv Bacireiav 

\ a \ “yee 3 } 
maparaBev Ilepcav te tovs. apiarous Evvédeke 

\ \ > \ n / > wy? a \ 
Kal Ta appl TH KaBddn év Bourg érrotetro: Tov 
yap avOpwirov. arroxtiwvuvat ovk iy Bovdopévows 
Tots mreloow. &vOa db Todral pev erEXOncay 
yvapwa. ef’ éExatepa dépovoat, mapeOov dé TaV 
tis év époais ovyipov, dvopa wey Tovoava- 
, / : \ XN es y > oN ; 
otddns, xavapayyns Sé 76 akiwpa (ein 8 Av ev 
Ilépcais otpatnyos Todt ye), mpos avtais mov 
tals éoxatiats THs Ilepoav ys THY apyny exov 
év xopa i) Tots “EdOaritars Swopds ert, Kal THY 
paxatpav émideiEas 4 TOY OVUXOY TA TpOovXOVTA 
Tlépcat ci@Oacw atrotéuveOar,” Kos péev Ooov 
daxTvAov avdpos, Taxos S€ ovde sTpUTNMOpLOY 
<.-/ >” 

daxtirouv éyovcay “Tavtnv opate, «ite, “Thy 
wadxaipav, Bpayeiav Tmavtdracw ovcoav: aiTy 
pévTou Epyov év TO wapovte éemitereiv ola Té Eo Tw, 
4 a Vv 34, 2 o . a , 
érrep ev late ONLy@ VoTEpov, @ Pirtato Iépoat, 
pupiddes S00 teOwpaxicpévav avdpav éekepyd- 
fec0at od dv StvawrTo.”. 0 wev Tada elite, Tapa- 
dnr\av ws, jv pwn KaBSddnv avéroow, avtixa 
mpdypata Ilépoais repi@y mapéter. of 6€ KTetvat 
avipa Tod Bacireiov aipatos oS bXws* éyvwoar, 

1 ére:d) Dindorf: éwe) d5¢ VP, ered G. 

2 amoréuverOat: amoxdmrew G, 


3 00d’ GAws V: ovdauas G, ovddrAws P. 
32 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. v. 1-7 


that Persians should have communal intercourse with 
their women, a measure which by no means pleased 
the common people. Accordingly they rose against 
him, removed him from the throne, and kept him in 
prison in chains. They then chose Blases, the brother 
of Perozes, to be their king, since, as has been said, 
no male offspring of Perozes was left, and it is not 
lawful among the Persians for any man by birth a 
common citizen to be set upon the throne, except in 
case the royal family be totally extinct. Blases, upon 
receiving the royal power, gathered together the 
nobles of the Persians and held a conference con- 
cerning Cabades; for it was not the wish of the 
majority to put.the man to death. After the ex- 


_ pression of many opinions on both sides there came 


forward a certain man of repute among the Persians, 
whose name was Gousanastades, and whose office 
that of “ chanaranges ” (which would be the Persian 
term for general) ; his official province lay on the very 
frontier of the Persian territory in a district which 
adjoins tlic land of the Ephthalitae. Holding up his 
knife, the kind with which the Persians were accus- 
tomed to trim their nails, of about the length of a 
man’s finger, but not one-third as wide as a finger, 
he said: “ You see this knife, how extremely small 
it is; nevertheless it is able at the present time to 
accomplish a deed, which, be assured, my dear 
Persians, a little later two myriads of mail-clad men 
could not bring to pass.” This he said hinting that, 
if they did uot put Cabades to death, he would 
straightway make trouble for the Persians. But 
they were altogether unwilling to put to death a 
man of the royal blood, and decided to confine him 


33 
VOL. I. D 


486 A.D. 


10 


1] 


12 


13 


14 


15 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


ann év ppoupi xabelpEa 6 dtrep THs AnOns Kaneiv 
vevouinacr. hv yap tis évtad0a euBrmOels TUXN, 
OUKETL O VvOmos ehinor pYHnunVY avTOD Elvat, ANNA 
Oavatos TH wvopaxdts 7 Enula éarti: 810 8 Kal 
Thy. émwvupiay tavTnv. mpos. Llepcav édayev. 
amag dé Tov "Appevioy ictopia pyal vdpou 
Tod audi TO AnOns ppoupio tmaparervobar iid 
Suvapu Tépoaus TpoT@ TOL@OE. 

TloAenos TOTE Tlépoacs Te Kal “A ppevious akn- 
puKkTos yeyover els S00 Kal TpudKovra etn et 
Taxouptov pev Ilepoav Bacidevortos, Appevion 
b€ “Apodxov “Apoaxidou avopos. TOUT. Te T@ 
TONED PNKvvOLerep Kexax@o Gar pep és ayav 
ap orépous EvveBy Kal Svahepovtas * TOUS, *Ap- 
pevious. amuotia oé TOMY és GAAAOUS EXOMEVOL 
émuxnpucetecOar mapa Tovs évavTious —_ 
eixov. év tovT@ é Tlépoas TeTUNNKE TOE MOV 
7 pos ddous BapBadpous Twas ov TOpp@ A ppevion 
@KNMEVOUS Sieverynety. ot TE "Appeveot év omovoy 
ExXOvTES emiderEw é és [lépoas rijs és avrous evvotas 
Te Kal eipyyns momoacbat, éo Barely és TovT@Y 
89 TOV BapBdpov THY yh éyvocay, SnroOoavTes 
TOUTO 7 pOTEpov Tépcars. am poo OoKyTOL TE AUTOL 
emimes ovTEs oxebov Te dravtas nBndov ExTewvay. 
& Te Tlaxovptos Tois TeTpary pEvous _Umepnobeis, 
ménNpas mapa TOV ‘Apoakny TOV ot eriTNOEL@V 
TiVas TA TE miata ot TapacXouevos TOV avOpwrov 
peter éuparo. Kal émel Tap avTov "Apa dens agi- 
KETO, THS TE adhns aurov prroppoourns nkl@ce 
Kal & aTE aBeApov € él TH lon Kat omotg. & EaXe. Kal 

réTe pev Spkois Sewordros Tov te "Apodenv 


34 1 kal Siadepdyvtws : Siaepdvtws be G. 








HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. v. 7-15 


in a castle which it ‘is their habit to call the “ Prison 
of Oblivion.’ For if anyone is cast into it, the law 
_ permits no mention of him to be made. thereafter, 
but death is the penalty for the man who speaks his 
name ; for this reason it has received this title among 
the Persians. On one occasion, however, the History 
of the Armenians relates that the operation of the 
law regarding the Prison of Oblivion was suspended 
by the Persians in the following way. 

There was once a truceless war, lasting two and 
thirty years, between the Persians and the Armenians, 
when Pacurius was king of the Persians, and of 
the Armenians, Arsaces, of the line of the Arsacidae. 
And by the long continuance.of this war it came about 
that both sides suffered beyond measure, and especially 
the Armenians. But each nation was possessed by 
such great distrust of the other that neither of them 
_ could make overtures of peace to their opponents. 
_ In the meantime it happened that the Persians 
became engaged in a war with certain other barbarians 
_ who lived’ not far from the Armenians. | Accordingly 
_ the Armenians, in their eagerness to make +a display 
_ to the Persians of their goodwill and desire for peace, 
decided to invade the land of these barbarians, first 
_ reyealing their plan to the Persians... Then they. fell 
upon them unexpectedly and killed almost the whole 
population, old and young alike. Thereupon Pacurius, 
who was overjoyed at the deed, sent certain of his 
_ trusted friends to Arsaces, and giving him pledges 
of security, invited him to his presence., And when 
Arsaces ‘came to him he showed him every kind- 
ness, and treated him as a brother on an equal 
footing with himself. Then he bound him by the 
most solemn oaths, and he himself swore likewise, 


35 
p 2 


16 


17 


18 


19 


21 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


kataraBov Kal avtos ovdév TL hocoy d4@poKas 
pny edvous te Kal Evppdyovs Ilépocas re TO 


Aourrov Kal "Appeviovs adXjAots elvat, adTixa OH 


avrov és Ta TatpLa HOn adjxev iévat. 

Xpove 5é ov ToAXN@ UorTepov dvéBarov Tov 
"Apodxny Tiwés @s 8) Tpdypact vewTépors éyyel- 
peity BovrAuTo. olomep avarecbels 0 TLaxovptos 


adOis adtov peremépmero, brecmov Ste 6n adbT@ 


Tt Koworoyeia bat vmép Whedd dhov émripledes ein. 

Kal ds ovdéy Te peAAHoas és} avrov mproev, addous 
TE TOV €V "Appeviows MAX LOT aT OV em aryomevos Kal 
Bacgixtov 6 boTEp avT@ oTpATNYOS TE Kal EvuBov- 
Ros Hv" avopias Te yap Kal Evvécews € émi meio Tov 
apiKxro. evOs ovv oO Taxovpios apo, Tov Te Ap- 

ody Kal Baocixuov, TOANa overdi Fev exaxctev, 
ei Ta Omopmoo péva moyNKOTE ovT@ by) TaXLO TO. és 
amoctacw idoev, ot é a annpvooyTo Te Kal aTro@- 


puvuov evderexéorara pndev ogiow avrois BeBov- 


AedaOar TOLODTO. Ta bev ovv mpara o Tlaxovpvos 
avTovs év aripia é vhaccen, € émevta 5é Tov payor 
averruvOdvero 6 th of trowmrtéa és avrovs ein. 08 
dé paryou TOY pev apvoupévey kal ob dvappndnv 
eXnreyLevov KaTaywad Kew ovdaph édcxatour, 
broO nny bé av7@ TWa Eppator, 6 érr@s av "Apod- 
KNS avros dvTuKpus avtTod Karnyopety avaryKd- 
fouro. TO yap THs Baoiduxijs cKNVIS edagos KOT PD 
Kann Tew exédevoV, Hweov wer ex THS Tlepody 

opas, Oarepov Oé } Hueov ex Ths "Appevias. ral o 0 

aoreds KATA TaUTa érroiel. TOTE 59 of paryou 
THY oKnYnY OAnY payelas Ticl KatanaBovTes 

Lés VP; eG. 


36 


7" 


a OR ee ed 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. v. 15-22 


that in very truth the Persians and Armenians should 
thenceforth be friends and allies to each other; 
thereafter he straightway dismissed \ Arsaces to 
return to his own country. 

Not. long after this certain persons. slandered 
Arsaces, saying that he was purposing to undertake 
some seditious enterprise. Pacurius was persuaded 
by these men and again summoned him, intimating 
that he was anxious to confer with him on general 
matters. And he, without any hesitation at all, came 
to the king, taking with him several of the most 
warlike among the Armenians, and among them 
Bassicius, who was at once his general and counsellor ; 
for he was both brave and sagacious to a remarkable 
degree. Straightway, then, Pacurius heaped reproach 
and abuse upon both Arsaces and Bassicius, because, 
disregarding the sworn compact, they had so speedily 
turned their thoughts toward secession... They, how- 
ever, denied the charge, and swore most insistently 
that no such thing had been considered by them. 
At first, therefore, Pacurius kept them under guard 
in disgrace, but after a time he enquired of the. Magi 
what should be done with them. Now the Magi 
deemed it by no means just to condemn men who 
denied their guilt and had not been explicitly found 
guilty, but they suggested to him an artifice by which 
Arsaces himself might be compelled to become 
openly his own accuser. They bade him cover the 
floor of the royal tent with earth, one half from the 
land of Persia, and the other half from Armenia. 
This the king did as directed.’ Then the Magi, after 
putting the whole tent under a spell by means of 
some magic rites, bade the king take his walk there 


rm 37 


PROCOPIUS OF) CAESAREA 


éxéXevov Tov Baciréa Ety TO Apoakn Tovs Tepi- 
matous €vtav0a to.etcbar, émikadovvTa Tols> TE 
23 EvyKerpévors Kal 6umpoopévors AvunvacOar. Sety 
be Kal avtovs TO Siaroye maparyevéa Bas. ob 
yap ay TOV NOyav paptupes amrdavTov elev. adtixa 
youn oO Tlaxovptos TOV ‘Apodeny peraTrepyd pevos 
Stathovs év Th oKNVT Edy avT@ erroveiro, TapovTov 
opioww é&vradba TOV payor, kai avetuvOdveto Tov 
avOparou 6 étouv 67 évera. Ta Op. joo weve. mroyn- 


KOS elta Tlépcas Te Kal "A ppevious. avbis TpiBew 


24 avnnéa rots Kaxois eyxetpoin: 0 0é ‘Apoaxns, & Ews 
HEV ev TP XOP ot Noyor éyivovto ov 8h 0 0 yous 
éx yas THs Tlepaidos eTPEKELTO, amnpveito Te Kab 
dpKois. Tois Servoratous TLE TOUPEVOS avdpamrodov 

25 ioxupivero eivat Tlaxoupiou moaroy émetdn dé 
peTagu héyor és THS TKNVIS TO pécov adixto, iva 
én KoTpov THS ’Appevias éméBnoav, evtadba ovK 
oida 6T@ avayKacbels Xoyous pev TOvTOUS eT)’ TO 
Opactitepov éEarrwaiws petaBiBdter, ameihav be 
TO TE Taxovpio Kal Tlépoass ovKETL aviet, ANd 
ricacbar avrous ernyyrreTo bBpews Thode é7ret- 

26 Sav avtos avrov TaXvoTa KUPLOS YEVOLTO. | kal 
Tadra Aéyoou Te Kal VEAVLEVOMEVOS errovetTo TOV 
Tepiratov dXov, Ews dvaaTpeyras és KoTrpov avOis 
THY eK Ys THS Tepoidos apiKero. evtatéa yap 
maduy domep TWa Tadsvpoiay ddov ikérns TE Hy 
Kal oiKTpous TLVAS TO Tlaxoupio mpouepe oyous. 

27 émel O€ és xobv addus tov! "Appeviov mrOev, és 
Tas ameas amexopnee. Kal TONKS ovT@ 
peraBrmbels ép éxaTepa expuwpe TOV ot amrop- 

28 pytwv ovdév, tote 51) of pev paryou Katéyvacav 


1 rv Dindorf: trav MSS. 
38 





HISTORY OF THE) WARS, I. v. 22-28 


in company with Arsaees, reproaching him meanwhile 
with having violated. the sworn, agreement. They 
said, further, that they too must be present at the 
conversation, for in this way there would be witnesses 
of all that was said. Accordingly Pacurius straight- 
way summoned Arsaces, and began to walk to and 
fro with him. in the tent in the presence of the Magi; 
he enquired of the man why he had disregarded his 
sworn promises, and was setting about to harass the 
Persians and Armenians once more with grievous 
troubles. Now as long as the conversation took 
place on the ground which was covered with the 
earth from the land of Persia, Arsaces continued to 
make denial, and, pledging himself with the most 
_ fearful oaths, insisted that he was a faithful subject 
of Pacurius. But when, in the midst of his speaking, 
he came to the: centre of the tent where they stepped 
upon Armenian earth, then, compelled by some 
unknown power, he suddenly changed the tone. of 
his, words to-one of defiance, and:.from then on 
ceased not to threaten Pacurius and the Persians, 
announcing that he would have vengeance upon 
them for this insolence as soon as he should become 
his own master, These words of youthful folly he 
continued to utter as they walked all the way, 
until turning back, he came again to the earth 
from the Persian land. Thereupon, as if chanting a 
recantation, he was once more a suppliant, offering 
pitiable explanations to Pacurius. But when he 
came again to the Armenian earth, he returned to— 
his threats. In this way he changed many times to . 
one side and the other, and concealed none of his 
secrets. Then at length the Magi passed judgment 


39 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


avrod & te tas oTovdas Kal Tods BpKous HdiKH- 
Kévat. Taxovpios be Bacotxtov pev 0 Séppua. 
éxdelpas aoKov TE avo TET OINUEVOS Kah axipav 
ep hnjo apevos dhov amexpépacev éml Sévdpou Twos 

29 inpnrod Niav. Tov pévtor “Apodkny (aoKTeivar 
yap dvbpa Tob Bacthelov alparos évra ovdaph 
eixev) €v TO Tis AnOns ppoupio xabeipée. 

30  Xpovm dé Uorepov TOV TLL “Appeviav TO TE 
“Apouxy é év Tois padiota émiTndel@v Kat ot emre- 
omopeveor 1 és Ta Tepody On covte, Tlépoaus € ert 
Te EOvos i tovat BapBapuxoy Evvertpdtevoer” 0 ds 62) 
avyp TE dyablos ev TO TOV TOUTO, Spavros 
Taxoupiov Ta ToLovpeva, yeyove Kal THS viKns 

31 aitararos Ilépoais. 610 81) avToy 0 Tlaxovptos 
6 Tt av BovroLTO aiteiobar n&iou, t ioxXupia dpevos 

32 Ore 61 ovdevos mpos avrob aTUNNTEL. o 6é ado 
ot ovdev yevéo Bar nétov 4) a) Oore TOV “Apodxny év 

33 Hepa peg Geparredoas 9 Bovnorro. TobTO Tov 
Bacinka nviaoe pev es Ta paduora, et Avew 
vomov otT@ 6) TaXaLov avayKdlorTo,” brws pévTOL 
TavtaTracw arnOitnrat, Evvex per THY anit 

34 émiTeN} yevéoOar. érel O€ Baciréas é emaryyel 
TOS yeyover év TO THs Anns Souple, donhages 
pev tov “Apoaxny, adyw € adAndow Tepl- 
Badovte eOpyyng ar ny TE vv TLVa Opivov Kal 
arrohopupapevo THD mapovaay TOXNY Horus an 
GN AOW Siadvew Tas avTov _Xetpas Exar Epos 

35 éoyev. mel O€ TOV oduppav és Kopov eNO ovtes 
émravoavto, éhouce pev 0 Appévios tov Apoaxny 

1 émiomopevwy : émiomepevos V, emomduevos P. 
2 GvaynaCorro G pr. m.: avorynd{nra VG corr., avaykd- 
Cera P, 


40 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. v. 28-35 


against him as having violated the treaty and the 
oaths. Pacuriys flayed Bassicius, and, making a bag 
of his skin, filled it with chaff and suspended it from 
a lofty tree. As for Arsaces, since Pacurius could by 
no means bring himself to kill a man of the royal 
- blood, he confined him in the Prison of Oblivion. 
After a time, when the Persians were marching 
against a barbarian nation, they were accompanied by 
an Armenian who had been especially intimate with 
Arsaces and had followed him when he went into the 
Persian land. This man proved himself a capable 
warrior in this campaign, as Pacurius observed, and 
was the chief cause of the Persian victory. For this 
_reason Pacurius begged him to make any request he 
wished, assuring him that he would be refused nothing 
by him. The Armenian asked for nothing else than 
that he might for one day pay homage to Arsaces in 
the way he might desire. Now it annoyed the king 
exceedingly, that he should be compelled to set aside 
a law so ancient ; however, in order to be wholly true 
to his word, he permitted that the request be granted. 
When the man found himself by the king’s order in 
the Prison of Oblivion, he greeted Arsaces, and both 
men, embracing each other, joined their voices in a 
sweet lament, and, bewailing the hard fate that was 
upon them, were able only with difficulty to release 
each other from the embrace. Then, when they had 
sated themselves with weeping and ceased from 
tears, the Armenian bathed Arsaces, and completely 


36 


eo 
~I 


39 


40 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Kal TANAKA OvK crn pen Levos eKOoUNCE, & oxhpa 

5é avr mepiOéwevos TO Bacinetov émt ott Bados+ 
avéx wep. evtadOa Te. TOVS TapovTas. ‘Apoakns 
Baorixds elotia 7Trep eiober Ta ™porepas ey 
TAUTN TH Going Tool pev él KbruKe* NOryou 
edéxOnoav olrep ov "Apo deny ixaves TIpETKov, 
TOANA oe addra és péoov prOev amep auT@ év 
noova iy: pnxuvopevor Te TOD. moTov axpe és 
VUKTG TH TT 0s addajous opiria brep vas hoOn- 
Tay, MOALS Oe adn OV amarharyévtes teAvOnoar, 
cataBeB peypévor Th eumradetg. TOTE 51 Aéyouce 
TOV “Apodeny eiTrety @S Hmepayv THY notary d1a- 
Tehécas év tavtn te Evyyevouevos TO m00ee- 
voTat@ avO pwroy aTravT@V, OVK av ETL EK@Y ye 
eivat UTogTain 7a pradpa tod Biov, cai tabra 
el7rovTa Haxaipa €auTov raxerpicac Bar® prep év 
TH Goivy éEerizndes KeKhopas eTUXEV, obT@ Te 
aurov ef avOparav aghavicivat, Ta pev ov 
kata TovTov 67 Tov “Apodeny ) TOV "A ppevior 
ouyypad? Never TavTy, nTEp | éppnn, KeXopnKevat, 
kal Tov vopov ToOTe audl TO THs AnOns ppoupio 
NeArvoOar. euol 88 Sevmrep eEERnv iréov. 


VI 


Kadeipy0évta dé Tov KaBddny eBepdmever 7 
yuvn éotovca* Te Tap avrov Kab Ta emit yieta 
éoxopitovca: iy 6) 0 0 Tis cipeTis adpyov meipay® 
npEato: yvyap Thy Opwes TA wddLoTa evTrpEeTAS. 

1 oriBddos: macrddos G. 2 ém) KvAUKL: emixvaAtkior V. 
5 Siaxerpioacbat VP corr.: diaxephoacba G, xphoacba P 


pr. m., d:axphoacba Hoeschel in marg. 
* écwotca P: émwtca VG. *° repay: épay Theophylactus. 


42 








HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. vi) 35-vi. 1 


adorned his person,.neglecting nothing, and, putting 
on him the royal robe, caused him torecline on a bed 
of rushes. Then Arsaces entertained those. present 
with a royal banquet just as was formerly his custom. 
During this feast many speeches. were made over the 
cups which greatly pleased Arsaces, and many 
incidents occurred which delighted his heart. The 
drinking was prolonged until nightfall, all feeling the 
keenest delight in their mutual intercourse; at 
length they parted from each other with great 
reluctance, and separated throughly imbued with 
happiness. Then they tell how Arsaces: said that 
after spending the sweetest day of. his life, and 
enjoying .the company of the man he had missed 
most of all, he would no. longer willingly endure 


_ the miseries of life ; and with these words, they say, 


he dispatched himself with a knife which, as it 
happened, he had purposely stolen at the banquet, 
and thus departed from among men. Such then is 
the story concerning this Arsaces, related in the 
Armenian History just as I have told it, and it was 
on that occasion that the law regarding the Prison 
of Oblivion was set aside. But I must return to 
the point from which I have strayed. 


VI 


Wuie Cabades was.in the prison he was cared for 
by- his wife, who went in to him constantly and 
earried him supplies of food. Now the keeper. of 
the prison began to make advances to her, for she ~ 
was exceedingly beautiful to look upon. And when 


43 


cr 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA ~~ 


Srep érrel 6 KaBadns mapa THis yovnnet euabev, 
éxéXevoey évdid0vat avray 70 avOparre 6 te Bov- 
RolTo xpno Baw. oUT@ 8 TH yuvaikl és euyyy 
EvveBov 0 6 Tod dpoupiov apxov jpaaOn TE auris 
epora éEatovov olov, Kal aw avTov Evvex oper 
Tapa Tov avdpa Tas ela odous. TovetaOar, O47 av 
avrTh Bovdopévy ein, Kal av0is évOévde atradrXao- 
ceobau, ovdevos eum oda iorapévov, Hv O€ Tes 
TOV &y Tlépaaus oyiwov Leoons, dvopa, KaBady 
és Ta paruora piros, d¢ audi TO ppovprov TOUTO 
Sear puBiy eiye, KaLpopuAaKear El Tos avrov év8o- 
Bev! éfehéa Oat duvycerat. dud Te Tis yuvarkos TO 
KaBdbn é eon paver OS iarmrot Té of kal avdpes &p 
TapacKevi TuyXdvovow dyes Tod ppouptov ov 
pax pay aroBev, onr@oas Te xeptor avTe. Kal 
MOTE VUKTOS érthaBovons averrevaé TH yuvaira 
KaBdéns éoOfra pev aitd thy oixeiav Sodvat, Ta 
be” avuTov apmexowévny (maria éml THS elpeTis avr. 
avrod cabicbat, oumep éxeivos éxaOnro. oUT@ meV 
ovv KaBadns dmndhag aero €k TOU Seopornpiou, 
KaTLoovTes dé avTov ols 7 puraxiy airy éméxerto 
THV yuvaika ometomatoy elvae TadTa Tot ovTe 
Konrvew oure ados avrov evox rely eyvooay. 
dpa TE myeepg THY yuvaira és 76 Swpariov év Tots 
Tov avdpos ipatious idovres Kal waKpav aTrONENELL- 
pévor Tod arn bods @ovTo KaBdény évtadba eivat. 
y] te doKnots abrn év pe pars cuxvats pater, 
&a@s Kafadns Topp mou THS 0d00 éyeyovet. Ta 
bev oby audi TH yuvarel SvvevexOevra, émel és 
pas 7 émrBours) HAG, Kal GvTiVa avTHY TpoTrov 
l fSobev P: evOdviey VG. 
27486 V: 1A G, adrhy 5t 7a P. 


44 


4 


he 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. vi. 2-9 


Cabades learned this from his wife, he bade her give 
herself over to the man to treat as he wished. In 
this way the keeper of the prison came to be 
familiar with the woman, and he conceived: for her 
an extraordinary love, and as a result permitted her 
to go in to her husband just as she wished, and to 
depart from there. again without interference from 
anyone. Now there was a Persian notable, Seoses 
by name, a devoted friend of Cabades, who was con- 
stantly in the neighbourhood of this prison, watching 
his opportunity, in the hope that he might in some 
way be able to effect his deliverance. And he sent 
word to Cabades through his wife that he was 
keeping horses and men in readiness not far from 
the prison, and he indicated to him a certain spot. 
Then one day as night drew near Cabades persuaded 
his wife to give him her own garment, and, dressing 
herself in his clothes, to sit instead of him in the - 
prison where he usually sat... In this way, therefore, 
Cabades made his. escape from the prison... For 
although the guards who were on. duty saw him, 
they supposed that it was the woman, and therefore 
decided not to hinder or otherwise annoy him, At 
daybreak they saw in the cell the woman in her 
husband’s clothes, and were so completely deceived 
as to think that Cabades was there, and this belief 
prevailed during several days, until Cabades had 
advanced. well on his way. As to the fate which 
befell the woman after the stratagem had come to 
light, and the manner in which’ they punished her, 


45 


10 


ill 


12 


13 


14 


17 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


éxoXNacay, és TO axptBes ovK Exo eitrely. ov yap 
oporoyodat Tlépoar dddnjrots* 810 5) adra ake 
ah inp. 

KaBadns d¢ AaOav aravtas Edy TO Ledon és 
Odvvovs tovs "Eg@aritas apinero, Kal avT@ Thy 
Tato yuvaica 0 Bacireds yapeTHny didwaur, oUT@ 
TE OTpaTevpa AOyou ToAXOD afvov a ate endearh 
émt Llépoas Evvéreuwe. TovT@ TO oT pare Tép- 
cat UTavTidbew ovdamh HOeXov, GAAA AOS GAH 
és duynv wppunvto. émel d€ 0 KaBadns ev tH 
xopa éyéveto &v0a 0 Tovcavacradns thy apxnv 
elyev, ele TOV émiTHNdelwy TLCly @s KYavapayynV 
KaTacTynoeTa avopa éxeivor, 0s av ad’t@ Ilepoav 
TpPOToS Exeivy TH Hpuépa és Orr txov brroupyelv 
Bovrorto. eitrovte Té of peTéuerev dn TOD 
Aoryou; érrel vopos avTov covet, ds 82 od« && Tlép- 
ais és Tovs ddXor pious TAS apxas péperOau, 
arr ois * Tema éxdorn Kara, yevos TpoonKe. 
eece yap pn Tes txovTo és avrov TpaTos 
TH Yavapdyyn ov Evyyevns Ov, TOV TE voMoY 
dvaryecdtnra Avew Gm@s avTosS arn dign rar. 
Taira dé of &v vO exovre EvvéBn TH TUXN dare 
a) Tov vojLov atipatovre arnbet elvan. eruxe 
yap Tparos "AdepyouvdouvBadys és avuTov HKwv, 
veavias avip, Euyyevns Te dy TO Tong ern og 
Kal dvapepovTos ayabos ta mroheuia, soy 
Seomorny TE TpocetTre KaBddny Kal Bacihéa 
T poo exvynae TP@TOS, edElTd TE OF are Sovrm 6 6 
tt BovroTo pio Oar. KaSaéns ov €v Tos 
Baotnreioss ofber) Tove ‘yevouevos, Epnuov Te 


46 


Mes toes 9 eet sae Lah ae 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. vi. 9-17 


Iam unable to speak with accuracy. For the 
Persian accounts do not agree with each other, and 
for this reason I omit the narration of them. 
Cabades, in company with Seoses, completely 
escaped detection, and reached the Ephthalitae Huns ; 
there the king gave him his daughter in marriage, 
and then, since Cabades was now his son-in-law, he 
put under his command a very formidable army for 
a campaign against the Persians. This army the 
Persians were quite unwilling to encounter, and they 
made haste to flee in every direction. And when 
Cabades reached the territory where Gousanastades 
exercised his authority, he stated to some of his 
friends that he would appoint as chanaranges the first 


_ man of the Persians who should on that day come 


a 


into his presence and offer his services. _ But even as 
he said this, he repented his speech, for there came 
to his mind a law of the Persians which ordains that 
offices among the Persians shall not be conferred 
upon others than those to whom each particular 
honour belongs by right of birth. For he feared lest 
someone should come to him first who was not a 
kinsman of the present chanaranges, and that he 
would be compelled to set aside the law in. order to 
keep his word. Even as he was considering this 
matter, chance brought it about that, without dis- 
honouring the law, he could still keep his word. 
For the first man who came to him happened to be 
Adergoudounbades, a young man who was a relative 
of Gousanastades and an especially capable warrior. 
He addressed Cabades as “ Lord,” and was the first 
to do obeisance to him as king, and besought him 
to use him as a slave for any service whatever. So 
Cabades made his way into the royal palace without 


47 


488 A.D. 


18 


19 


= 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Braonv tov apuvvopévwv AaBov e€etidrace, 
tTpoT@ 8) Ste TUProds ot Ilépca moveiy Tods 
Kaxoupyous ei@0acw, edavov Eovtes Kal avTo 
@$ uddiota Céov és Tors dPOarpmovs ovTL wHoYTAS 
EMLXEOVTES, 7) TEPOVNY TLVa TLONPaY TUpAKTOUVTES 
TavTn Te Tav ohOarpav Ta evTos yplovtes, Kal 
To Nourov év huraxn elyev apEavta Llepoav 
épiavtovs Sv0. Kal Tov pev Lovcavacradny 
kteivas Tov “AdepyovdouvBdadnv avT avTov KaTe- 
oTncaTo erl THs ToD Yavapayyou apxns, Tov d¢ 
Leoonvy adpactaddpay cadavnv evOvs avetre. 
Stvatat S€ TodTo Tov éml apyais Te Omod Kat 
oTpatimoras dnacw ébectata. TavTnv o Leoons 
Ty apy TpATOs te Kal povos é Tlépoass 
érxev' ote yap mpoTepov ovTe Dotepov Tivt 
yéyover tHv Te Bacideiav 0 KaBadns éxpativato 
kat Ew TO aopare? SiepirAakev. hv yap ay- 
xivovs te Kai SpactHpios obdevds Haocor. 


Vil 


"Oriya 5& dorepov yphpata KaBadyns oO 
"EdOaritav Baciret aperrev, Grep érel atrotw- 
vivat oi ovx olds te Hv, “Avactactoy Tov “Pa- 

lov avToKpadtopa ynTe TavTa ot Saveicar T 

( 7 5 
xpnpatas 0 dé Kowvodoynadpevos TOY émiTndeLwov 
tTiaw émruvOdveto et yé of TadTa TonTéa Ely. 
olrep avTov TO cupBoravov TrotetoOar ovK El@r, 
2 / \ > / > 
aktppopov yap amépawov elva. BeBatépav 
Tois TroAeuiow Yphpwacw oiKelors és Tos Ed@a- 

/ \ s / a \ > / 
Aitas THY didiav troncacOa, ods by» és GAXH- 


48 . 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. vi. 17-vii. 2 


any trouble, and, taking Blases destitute of de- 
fenders, he put out his eyes, using the method of 
blinding commonly employed by the Persians against 
malefactors, that is, either by heating olive oil and 
_ pouring it, while boiling fiercely, into the wide-open 
eyes, or by heating in the fire an iron needle, and 
_ with this pricking the eyeballs. Thereafter Blases 
was kept in confinement, having raled over the 
Persians two years. Gousanastades was put to death 
_ and Adergoudounbades was established in his place 
in the office of chanaranges, while Seoses was imme- 
‘diately proclaimed “adrastadaran salanes,’—a title 
designating the one set in authority over all magis- 
trates and over the whole army. Seoses was the 
first and only man who held this office in Persia ; for 
it was conferred on no one before or after that time. 

And the kingdom was strengthened by. Cabades and 
- guarded securely ; for in shrewdness and activity he 
was surpassed by none. 


Vil. f 


A uTT Le later Cabades was owing the king of the 
Ephthalitae a sum of money which he was not able. 
| to pay him, and he therefore requested the Roman 
| emperor Anastasius to lend him this money. Where- 
upon Anastasius conferred with some of his friends 
_ and enquired of them whether this should be done; 
and they would not permit him to make the loan. 
For, as they pointed out, it was inexpedient to make 
‘more secure by means of their money the friendship 
between their enemies and the Ephthalitae ; indeed 
it was better for the Romans to disturb their” 


49 
VOL. I. E 


3 


on 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA ~~ 


lee Evyxpoverv ort pddiora odiow Gpewvov : 


éivat. 610 6 KaBadns é& aitias oddepuds eyo 
emt “Pwpaious oTparever dau. Kal TP@TA [MeL 
auTayyedos “Appevion ‘TH xopa enn, al 


aQuTis Ta TorrAa e& erridpophs AnLodpevos és 
"Apiday tori ev Mecororapia Keopevny éx TOU 


aidvidiou adixeto, tis 5 YeLpavos @pa és ToNLOp- 
kiav Kxabiorato. "A idmvol b€ oTpaTi@T ay: ev, 
ate év eipnvn Kal ayabois mpdyyacw, ov Tap- 


ovTov odhict, Kal ddXws bé awapdoKevol TAaYTG- 


Tact dvTes, Ouws Tois monepiors @s HKoTa 
mpooxepetv H0edov, GXXa ‘Tois TE KLVOdVOLS Kai 
7) TaXaT wpia mapa béfav dytetxoy. 

"Hy 6é tis év Svpos avyp Sixatos, laxwBos 
dvopwa, @ TA €s TO. Oetov és 70 axpiBes HoKNTO. 
ovTos ev yxapia “Evdundov;. diéxovts .’Aptdns 
Huépas 0d, ToAXo’s EutrpooOev ypovots avTOV 


KabeipEev, draws 69 adeéotepov Ta és THY evoe- 


Bevav peheray Svvntar. Kal avtod ot tavry 
avOpwrtro & Umoupyobvres T) yvepn Spupdyerous Teal 
mepteBanov, ov Euvmppevors pEvTOL, ara xopis 
TeTHYOCW adAAHAWY, WoTE Opav TE TOUS mpoa- 
vovtas Kalb §uyyiver@ar olov te eivat. Kab 
aréyos Tt avT@ erexTHvavTo Bpayd brepOev, boov 
8uBpous Te Kal viperovs atroxpover Oat. evradba 
obtos [o] avnp éx TaNdatov xabijaro, mTviryel pe 
H Woyer ws hevora elK@Y, omeppact é ed 


atot@v, olomep ov Kal? hpépav,, GAA Ypovo” — 


Tmorrod aitivecOar ei@Oer.  todTOY otv TOV 
50 


A a Nts 


aos as 





ia 


——_—_—__— 





i 
ke 


HISTORY OF THE WARS; I. vii. 2-8 


relations as much as possible. It was. for this 
reason, and for no just cause, that Cabades decided 


_to make an expedition against the Romans. _ First he 
invaded the land of the Armenians, moving with 
_ such rapidity as to anticipate the news of his coming, 


and, after plundering the greater part of it in a rapid 
eampaign, he unexpectedly arrived at the city of 
Amida, which is situated in Mesopotamia, and, 
although the season was winter, he invested the 
town. Now the citizens of Amida had no soldiers 
at hand, seeing that it was a time of peace and 
prosperity, and in other respects were utterly 
unprepared ; nevertheless they were quite unwilling 
to yield to the enemy, and shewed an unexpected 
fortitude in holding out against: dangers and hard- 


_ships., 

__.. Now there was among the Syrians a certain just 
| man, Jacobus by name, who had trained himself 
| with exactitude in matters pertaining to religion. 
| This ‘man had confined himself many years before in 


a’place called Endielon, a day’s journey from Amida, 
in order that he might with more security devote 
himself -to pious contemplation. The men of this 


place, assisting his. purpose, - had. surrounded. him 


with a kind of fencing, in which the stakes were not 


continuous, but. set at. intervals, so. that, those who 


approached could see and hold converse with him. 


pane they had constructed for him a ‘small roof over 
his 


head, sufficient to keep off the rain and snow. 


There this man had been sitting for a long time, 
_never yielding either to heat or .cold, and sus- 


taining his life with certain seeds, which he was 


| acctistomed to eat, not indéed every day, but only 


at long intervals. Now some of the ‘Ephthalitae 
. 


E 2 


502 A.D. 


10 


ll 


13 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


"ldxwBov tav tives EpOaditav xatabéovres Ta 
éxeivn xwpia eldov, cal ta TOka orovdh TOAAH 
évtetvauevor Badrew HOeXov. Tac. dé aKivynTor 
ai xelpes yeyovuiar Ta tToka évepyeiv ovdaph 
elxyov. Omep émel ev TH aTpaTomédw@ mepipepo- 
pevov és KaBadnv 7rOev, adromrns yevéo Oar TOU 
Epyou 0 KaBdbdns éBovreTo, idov te év Caper 
peyaro Evv Ilepodv trois wapodow éyiveto, Kal 
tov "ldxwBov édirrape adeivar tots BapBdpois 
TO éyxAnpa. 0 b€ adhe Te AO evi Kal Ta Sewa 
tois avOpworros édédvvTo. Kapddns pev ovv 
aiteiy Tov avopa éxédevey 6 Te av avT@ Bovdo- 
pévo ein, ypypata oldmevos avToy peyadxa ai- 
THoEW, Kal TL Kal veavievodpmevos ws OvdEVOS 
Tpos avTov atuxynoe. Oo Sé ot Tos avOpwrous 
eeito yxapifecPar cor év TH ToAEU@ TOUT@O 
KaTadevyovtes Tap avTov ixwvtat.  TavTny 
KaBadns. thy Sénow émiterh éerroiee Kal ypap- 
pata édidov tis aopadelas évéyupa. Toddol 
yoov wavtaxyoev Evppéovtes évtadla écwlovto- 
meptBonros yap  mpakis éyévero. Tadta pev 
, ‘ es 
sé 7 Eoxe. | 
KaBadns 8é “Apiday trodvopkav Kpioy Thy 
pnxaviy TavTaxoce Tod TepiBorov mpocéBanre. 
Kal “Apsdnvot pev tiv éuBornv del Soxois ticw 
éyxapolais avéotedXov, 0 Sé ovK avijKev, Ews 
TAaUTN aVddwToV civat TO TElyos Eyv@. TOANAKIS 
yap éuBarov xabereiy te Tod mepiBorcu 4” 
KaTacéica HKicTa iayuoev, OVTWS achara@s 1 
1 Séyow VP: atrnow G. 2 As Kal V. 
52 











HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. vii. 8-13 


who were overrunning the country thereabout saw 
this Jacobus and with great eagerness drew their bows 
with intent to shoot at him. But the hands of every 
one of them became motionless and utterly unable to 
manage the bow. When this was noised about 
through the army and came to the ears of Cabades, 
he desired to see the thing with his own eyes; and 
when he saw it, both he and the Persians who were 
with him were seized with great astonishment, and 
he entreated Jacobus to forgive the barbarians their 
crime. And he forgave them with a word, and the 
men were released from their distress. Cabades 
then bade the man ask for whatever he wished, 
Supposing that he would ask fora great sum of 
_ money, and he also added with youthful recklessness 
_ that he would be refused nothing by him. But he 
_requested Cabades to grant to him all the men who 
during that war should come to him as fugitives. 
| This request Cabades granted, and gave him a written 
_ pledge of his personal safety. And great numbers 
| of men, as might be expected, came flocking to him 
_ from all sides and found safety there ; for the deed 
became widely known. Thus, then, did these things 
take place. 

Cabades, in besieging Amida, brought against every 
part of the defences the engines known as rams; but 
the townspeople constantly broke off the heads of 
the rams by means of timbers thrown across them.! 
However, Cabades did not slacken his efforts until 
he realized that the wall could not be successfully 
assailed inthis way. For, though he battered the wall 
_ many times, he was quite unable to break down any 
portion of the defence, or even to shake it ; so secure 


1 Cf. Thue. ii. 76, 4. 
53 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


19 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


> , Lal of \ \ yy - 
oixodopia Tots derpapevors TO mahacov ELpyacrTo. 


TouTov O€ KaBabdqs amoTuX ov, Aopov Twa 
Xetporroinrov emirelxvo ma 7H Tone érrotet HET PO | 


TOARD Umepaipovra Too Teixous TO phos, ob TE 
mrohuopKovpevor évTos TOD meptBonrov apEapevor 
KaT@puxa HEXpL és Tov Adgov érotouy, Kal AdPpa 
évO évde TOV Xoov exhopoovres Keva éml melorov 
Ta é évTos Tob Adgov eipydgavro. ‘TA MéVTOL EKTOS 
éf ovmep éyeyover TXNMATOS epevev ovdevi ai- 
cOnow mapexomeva TOU Tpagaopevon. mrohol 
fev ovv Tépoae doTep er do panovs avaBat- 

vovTes &v Té ™ axpa eryevovTo Kal Badreww 
évOévee Kata Kopudiy ToUs € TO mepyBorw 
SievoodyTo. Tov Se opidov dpou@. éemippéovtos 
éuttetov o oghos €x TOD aipvidiov oxedor Tl 
dmavras exreuwe. KaBabdns 5€ tots tapovow 
aTropobpevos THY T poo edpelay Sua very eyvm, kal 
7 orpatomedep avaxwpeiv és) Tap dorepatay 
emnyyetre. TOTE 62) OF TONLOPKOU[EVOL, | ate TOD 
KtvOUvoU adpovtiari cartes, ToANa ‘Tods Pap- 
Bdpous" Eby Yerore amo Too meptBdrou erbbakon 
Kal TwWes éTaipat avehkicacat Koo wp ovdevt THY 
eo Ofira. KaBaby adyxiord Tou éotnote édet- 
Kyvov doa TOY yuvaLKay yupva pavivae aaSpdow 
ov Be pus. OTrEp Kar oovres ot paryou TO TE Ba- 
ounet &s dy HAVov Kal. THv avaxopnow ex@duov, 
EvpBareiv to io upeSopevor T@ yeyouers ws amavra 
Kafddy “Ape vot wd Te aTroppnta Kal KpuT To 
peva ovK €> paxpay deifovow. obTO pev-TO 
Ilepo@y otpatomedov abrod Ewewwev. ruth luadty 


1 robs BapBdpovs Maltretus: rod BapBdpov VP, rod  BaBa- 
pov G. 


54 











HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. vii. 13-19 


had been the work of the builders who had con- 
structed it, long before... Failing in this, Cabades 
raised an artificial hill to threaten. the city, consider- 
ably overtopping the wall; but the besieged, starting 
from the inside of their defences, made a tunnel 
extending under the hill, and from there stealthily 
- carried out the earth, until they hollowed out a great 
part of the inside of the hill. However, the outside 

ept the form which it had at first assumed, and 
afforded no opportunity to anyone of discovering 
what was being done. Accordingly many Persians 
mounted it, thinking it safe, and stationed them- 
sélves on: the ‘simmit with the purpose of shooting 
down upon the heads of those inside the fortifications. 
But with the great mass of men crowding upon it 
with a rush, the hill. suddenly fell in and killed 
almost all of them. Cabades, then, finding no 
remedy for the situation, decided to raise the siege, 
and he issued orders to the army to, retreat on the 
morrow. Then indeed the besieged, as though they 
had no thought. of their danger, began laughingly 
from the fortifications to jeer at the barbarians. © 
Besides this some courtesans shamelessly drew up 
their clothing and displayed. to Cabades, who was 
standing close by, those parts of a woman’s body 
which it is not proper that men should see uncovered. 
This was plainly seen by the Magi, and they there- 

upon’ came before the king and tried to prevent the 
_ retreat, declaring as their interpretation of what had. 
happened that the citizens of Amida would shortly 
disclose to:\Cabades.all their secret and mien he 
So the Persian army remained there. 


55 


20 


2 


ro) 


23 


26 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


“Hyépars dé Tap Tes Hepoav ov Troddais dore- 
pov ayxiota TOV TUpyov Tues éxBornv vrrove- 
pov mahavod eidev ov Evy T@ aopanret Kecaup- 
pévyv, adr xarduEr cpixpais Te Kal od Alay 
cuxvais. vUKRT@P Te Hovos evrat0a Tpecov Kal 
THS etodov amorrerpacdpLevos évros Tob Tept- 
Béxou eyevero. dua &é EPS Tov TavTa oryov 
KaBddy am IpyyEtre. kal Os TH émuywopevy vurth 
Kripacas év 7 apacKevi) Tong dpevos Edy onréyous 
Tio ly évrad0a 706. Kal TL avT@ deEta Euvn- 
véxOn Tux TpOTT@ Toupee. TOV mUpyon, ds 82) 
TOU Umovowov ayxor are érbyxavev ov, purde- 
oewy Tov Xpictiavav oi cappovés taro. éhaxor, 
ovaTrep Kaneiv povaxous vevouiKact. TOvTOUS 
éopT ny Twa TP Geo } aryew évavotov éxeivn TH 
npepa TETUXNKED. émet Te » ve éreyévero, 
amavres, dte Kom pev TOAD va THY TaVT- 
yup opidnoaves, padrov dé Tod elOco pévov 
ouricov Te Kal moroo és xédpov édOovtes, dmrvov 
Twa _ndbv TE Kai mpaov éxdOevdov Kal am’ adtod 
Os HKLOTA TOV TOLOUMEVOY ya0dvovro. Tlépoae 
yoov dua ToD bmrovepov evr os TOU TepiBorou KaT 
odiryous * ryevopevor és Tov mUpyov avéBavvov, Kal 
Tovs Hovaxods xabevoovras é ere eUpovTes, exreway 
aravras. Omrep émrel Ka8aéns éyvo, Tas KXI- 
paKas TO TelXeL Tovtou 67 ayxvora Tou mupyou 
T poo Hryev. Tne pa. bé ay non. Kat tov ’Apidn- 
vav ov év mUpy@ TO exouevp épvracoor, aicbo- 
Hevot TOU KaKOv, KaTa Tayos éBonOovy évrad0a. 
@Oicu@ Te TOAA@ éml WreioTov aphoTepor €s 

1 76 066 G: om. VP. 
2 Kat’ dAlyous P: Kara Ad-yous VG. 
56 














‘HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. vii. 20-27 


Not many days later one of the Persians saw 
close by one of the towers the mouth of an old 
underground passage, which was insecurely con- 
cealed with some few small stones. In the night he 
came there alone, and, making trial of the entrance, 
got inside the circuit-wall; then at daybreak he 
reported the whole matter to Cabades. -The king 
himself on the following night came to the spot with 
a few men, bringing ladders which he had made 
ready. And he was favoured by a piece of good 
fortune; for the defence of the very tower which 
happened to be nearest to the passage had fallen by 
lot to those of the Christians who are most careful 
in their observances, whom they call monks. These 
men, as chance would have it, were keeping some 
annual _ religious. festival to God on that day. 
When night came on they all felt great weari- 
ness? on account of the festival, and, having sated 
themselves with food and drink beyond their wont, 
they fell into a sweet and gentle sleep, and were conse- 
quently quite unaware of what was going on. So the 
Persians made their way through the passage inside 
the fortifications, a few at a time, and, mounting the 
tower, they found the monks still sleeping and slew 
them to a man. When Cabades learned this, he 
brought his ladders up to the wall close by this tower. 
It was already day. And those of the townsmen who 
were keeping guard on the adjoining tower became 
aware of the disaster, and ran thither with all speed 
to give assistance. Then for a long time both sides 


1 Cf. Book VII. xxvi. 4. 
57 


3 


_ 


32 


33 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


adAHoUS ExpOVTO, Kal TO TOV HON > Apsdyvol 
» fal > / \ 
éyovTes Tov Te avaSeBnkdTwv TodXods ExTEWoV 
Kal Tovs aT TOV KALLaKOV avéoTErXoV, Kal TOD 
anedobar tov Kivduvoy ob paxpdy Tou éyévorTo. 
Gra KaBadns adtos tov axwaxny omacdpevos 
\ > a 32 \ / 3 7 c rn. 
Kal avT@ del Sediccdpevos és Tas KAiwaKas Opuav 
> Fae, \ /, tA / e d 
ovx aviei tovs Tlépcas, Odvatos te Hv % Cnpia 
a 297 > D n Vg Eig! 
tois évOévde avactpédew Torpa@ot. 810 On TAr- 
Bet OAR of Ilépcar xaburréprepo Thy éevavtiav 
yevopevot evixnoav Te ad’tovs TH MaXn Kal KaTa 
KpadTos % Tors HAW oyonKocTH amo THs ToALOp- 
r vv 
kias jpépa. ovos te Apidnvaev rodds éyeyovel, 
&ws écedadvvortse és thy mokw KaBadn trav Tis 
"Apudnvaev yépwv te Kal iepeds mpocedOav' eirev 
ws ov Baciiikdy TO hovevew Tors HAwKOTAaS etn. 
KaBddns pév ody Oupe eri éxopevos amrexpivato, 
“Ava ti yap pou Todepety éyvwte;” 6 8 brroda- 
Bov aitixa épn, “Ore 89 06 Oeds ody HyeTrépa 
youn, AXA of apeti Tapabddovar cou “Apidav 
” »” 4 an ‘ 4 e / : 
nOere.” tovT@ TO Oyo KaBadns Hobels cTeivew 
> / \ \ ” > \ va 
ovdéva TO olrov elacev, aXdAA TA TE KpHpaTa 
AmifecOar Tlépoas éxéXeve Kal tods mepiovTas €év 
avdpaTrédov troveia Oat Royo, Kal aiTa eFeréoOan 
amavtas avTav Tovs Soxipous éméotennrev. 
"Odiyo Sé totepov yirlovs él TH pvrAaky 
éytav0a RALTaY ApxXovTd Te avTois éemioTHCAas 
Travnv, advdpa Iéponv, cal tov “Awidnvav av- 
Opawtrous Tivas ddiyous olKTpovs, of 8H €s THY 
Siattay vmnpetngev Ilépcaus eueddov, avTos 
na a l4 
Tavtl T@ GAA OTPAT@ TOUS AwWKOTAS Ey@V eT 
) mpocerdOwy Pz eAOav VG. 


58 


ie Seed! - se 


See? 








HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. vii. 27-33 


struggled to crowd back the other, and already the 
townsmen were gaining the advantage, killing many 
of those who had mounted the wall, and throwing 
back the men on the ladders, and they came very 
near to averting the danger. But Cabades drew his 
sword and, terrifying the Persians constantly with it, 
rushed, in person to the ladders and would not let 
them draw back, and death was the punishment for 
those who dared turn to leave. As a result of this 
the Persians by their numbers gained the upper 
hand and overcame their antagonists in the fight. 
So the city was captured by storm on the eightieth 
day after the beginning of the siege. There followed 
a great massacre of the townspeople, until one of 
the citizens—an old man and a priest—approached 
Cabades as he was riding into the city, and said that 
it was not a kingly act to slaughter captives. .Then 
Cabades, still moved with passion, replied: ‘“ But 
why did you decide to fight against me?” And the 
old man answered quickly: “ Because God willed to 
give Amida into thy hand not so much because of 
our decision as of thy valour.””. Cabades was pleased 
by this speech, and permitted no. further slaughter, 
but he bade the Persians plunder the property and 
make slaves of the survivors, and he directed them to 
choose out for himself all the notables among them. 
A short time after this he departed, leaving there 
to garrison the place a thousand men under command 
of Glones, a Persian, and some few unfortunates 
among the. citizens of Amida who were destined to 
minister .as,| servants. to, the. daily wants of the 
Persians; he himself with all the remainder of the 
army.and -the ,captives marched away homeward. 


59 


Jan, 11 
503 A.D. 


34 


. 35 


— 


to 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


olkov aTnravvev. és TovTOUs bé Tods aiyuaro- 
ous diravOpwria expr) Bacihel rperovon: 
Tous pu avOpwria expiato Bacihel mperov n 
tal >. lel 
Xpovou yap drLyou eis Ta oikeia EtuTravTas ad7j- 
kev iévat, T@ O€ AOYO amédpacay avTov, 6 TE 
¢ , \ J 4 yy . > \ 
Pwpaiwy Bacired’s ’Avactacwos épya és avrovs 
éredeiEato apethns aia: popovs te yap Tods 
éretelous és érn émta Evumravtas adie TH 
Tove Kal avTovs Kon Te Kal idla éxacTov 
a > a > , o 2A 
Tonos Tiaw ayabois édwpncato, wBoTE avToIS 
AnOny tov Evp~BeBynxotev worry yevécOar. adra 
TAUTA Mev Ypove TO baTépw éyévero. 


Vill 
Tére 88 Bacideds “Avacrdotos todopKetaOas 


\ ” , \ , pv 
paboy “Auiday otpdtevpwa Kata Tayos SvapKes 
érreuapev. . apyxovtes O€ oav wey KaTa TUppoplay 


“et F \Qr ¢ 2 / L 
EXATTOV, TTPATHYOL bé aTracl epeatnKerav TEO- 


capes, “ApeoBiwdos te, “OdvSpiov kndeors, Tod 
év th éotrepia BeBacirevKdtos ory TpoTeEpor, 
THS éwas 5é TOTE oTpaTHyOs éTUYXAVEY OV" Kal 
Tov &v Tadatio tayuatov apynyos KéXep (ua- 
yer pov ‘Pepaior TI apxny Kanety vevopixacw)* 
étt pony Kai ot tov év Bulavtie otpatiwTav 
apxovres, Ilatpixtds te 0 Dpvé Kal “Tratvos 6 
Bactréws aderpid0bs° obror pev Téo capes! oTpa- 
thyol noav. Evvnv dé avdtois Kal "lovartivos, b¢ 
89 botepov "Avactaciov tedevtncavtTos éBact- 
hevoe, kal Tlatpixioros Edy Bitradiave TO raid, 


1 récoapes: 5) G. 
60 


PA 


—=—=-- 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. viii 33-viii. 3 


These captives. were treated by Cabades with a 
generosity befitting a king; for after a short time 
he released all of them to return to their homes, 
but he pretended that they had escaped from him 
by stealth;! and the Roman Emperor, Anastasius, 
also shewed them honour worthy of their bravery, 
for he remitted to the city all the annual taxes for 
the space of/ seven. years, and presented all. of 
them as a body and each one of them separately 
with many good things, so that they came fully 
to forget. the misfortunes which had befallen them. 
But this happened in later years. 


VIII 


Ar that time the Emperor Anastasius, upon 
learning that Amida was being besieged, dispatched 
with all speed an army of sufficient strength. But 
in this army there were general officers in command 
of every symmory,? while the supreme command 
was divided between the following four generals : 
Areobindus, at that time General of the East, the 
son-in-law of Olyvrius, who had been Emperor in 
the West not long before; Celer, commander of the 
palace troops (this officer the Romans are accus- 
tomed to call “ magister’’) ; besides these still, there 
were the commanders of troops in Byzantium, 
Patricius, the Phrygian, and Hypatius, the nephew 
of the emperor; these four, then, were the generals. 
With them also was associated Justinus, who at a 
later time became emperor upon the death of 
Anastasius, and Patriciolus with his son Vitalianus, 
1 Cf. Thue. i. 128. * A division of no fixed number. 

61 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


ds Oma avrépas *Avactacio Racine od TONR@ 
Dorepov érupavynce, Kal Dapeopdvns Korxos 
bev ryévos, SeapepovTas dé dyabos Ta Troheua, 
kal Lodidicxdos TE Kal Béooas, T'or8o1 dvdpes, 
TorOav tav ovx émictopéevav Bevdepix@ és 
"Traniav é« Opaxns iovts, yervaiw te imreppuvas 
dupe Kal TOV KaTA TOV TONE HOV TpayuaTov 
euTreipo, arQot TE TonXol Kat dptarou elrovto. 
oTpaTevpa yap ‘TovodTo pacw oUTEe mpoTEpov 
ouTe DorEepov | ert Tépoas | “Popaious Evorivas. 
ovToL pEVTOL dmayres ovK és TavTO dyynyeppévot 
ovde oTpateupa ev Trotnodpevor HeTav, AA avTOS 
éxacTos Tois Kat avTov oTpaTLbTaLs eEnyeiro 
éml Tous mohepious. xopnyes dé THs TOD o7Tpa- 
Tomédov Samavys “Arioy Aiytrrrwos éoTann, aan 
év Tarpxiors emt avns Te Kal dpacriptos és Ta 
padora, Kal avuTov Bacvrevs KOLW@OvoY THS Bact 
Nelas ev ypdupaci aveirev, bras oi éEoucia €in 
Ta €s THY Samavny 2 Bovrouro Svorxnoacbar, 

‘O pév ody oTparos ovros Xpove TE Evveréyovto 
Kal oxXoraiTEpoL émropevovTo. 510 87) TOUS Bap- 
Bdpovs év yi TH ‘Popaiwr ovy evpov, émet €& 


emidpopmis ol Tépoae THv épodov momodpevot ‘ 


avtia on és Ta maT pia non avexwpnoay * Eby 
Tan TH Neila. Tov Sé oTpaTnyov ovdels és 
ToopKtay ray ey "Apldy Tron herp pwevav €v 7 
TApovTe kabicrac bar AOerxe TOAAa yap eo KOp- 
cacbat opas Ta emiTyOeLa eualov: arr’ és TaD 
Tohepiov THY xepav éo Bodny Tooagbat év 
oTovon elyov. ov pny éml Tors BapRapous Kowh 


1 avexdpnoav : Aor V. 
62 


ao 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. viii. 3-8 


who raised» an armed _ insurrection against the 
Emperor Anastasius not long afterwards and made 
himself tyrant ; also Pharesmanes, a native of Colchis, 
and a man of exceptional ability as a warrior, and 
the Goths Godidisklus and Bessas, who were among 
those Goths who had not followed Theoderic when 
he went from Thrace into Italy, both of them men 
of the noblest birth and experienced in matters 
pertaining to warfare ; many others, too, who were 
men of high station, joined this army. _ For such an 
army, they say, was never assembled by the Romans 
against the Persians either before or after that time. 
However, all these men did not assemble in one body, 
nor did they form a single army as they marched, 
but each commander by himself led his own division 
separately: against the enemy. And as manager of 
the finances of the army Apion, an Aegyptian, was 
sent, a man of eminence among the’ patricians and 
extremely energetic; and the emperor in a written 
statement declared, him partner in the royal power, 
in order that he might have authority to administer 
the finances as he wished. 

Now this army was mustered with considerable 
delay, and advanced with little speed. As a result 
of this they did not find the barbarians in the Roman 
territory; for the Persians had made their attack 
suddenly, and had immediately withdrawn with all 
their booty to their own land. Now no one of the 
generals desired for the present to undertake the 
siege of the garrison left in Amida, for they learned 
that they had carried in a large supply of provisions ; 
but they made haste to invade the land of the enemy. 
However they did not advance together against the 


63 


10 


1] 


12 


13 


14 


15 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


necav, GAA ywpls aAdAjAwWY oTpAaTOTEdEeVdpMEVOL 
émopevovto. tadta KaBdbns pabov (dyyvora 
yap tov étuyyavev dv) és Ta “Popaiwy dpia Kata 
Tayos eav brnvriatev. ovTw pevToL “Pwpaior 
T® Tavtl otpat@® KaBadnv iévar én avtous 
éuadov, adra Ilepcav Sovto otpatevua Bpaxv 
TL evTavla eivat. ot ev odv audi “ApeoBwéov 
éotpatorredevcavto év xwopio Aplapwv, améyovre 
Kwvotavtivns todews Svolv jpépaw odor, of 8é 
appt Iatpixiov cat ‘Yratiov év xopio Lidptos, 
étrep “Apidns worAews ovyx Hocov % TevtiKOVTA 
kal tpiaxociouvs aradiovs atéxet. Kérep 4p 
ovT@ évTav0a adixto. 

‘ApedBivdos dé émeidn KaBSddnv travel 7 
oTpaT@ émévat ogiow er vbero, aTohTeav TO 
oTparoredoy Eby Tots émropévors Atracwy és puy 
@punto Kal és Kovoravtivay Spo eX@pel. 
émeOovtes dé ony @ vorEpov Oi TONE MLOL EpNoV 
avdpav avrots Xpnpace TO oT par omesoy elrov.? 
évdev te* kata taxos emt ‘Pomaiwy ro ado 
oTpaTevpa jecav. of é appl Tarpixcoy Kal 
“Taratiov "Eddadiraus evTuxovTes dxTaxoctots of 
tod Iepady orparod éumpoabev Hecav, oxeddv Tu 
dmavras éxrewvav. ovdev dé appt 78 KaBady wai 
7H Mepordv otpatia TET UT HEVOL, are VEVEKNKOTES, 
adetarepoy 7H Siairn EXPOVTO. Ta your oma 
carabépevor apiorov odhiow jroiwatov. ary yap 
TAS Hpepas O KaLpOos évradda nye. puak 6 é Tus 
épper ev ToUT@ TO Yopy, Wa “Papaion Ta Kpéa 


1 efaov P: dveidov VG. 
2 fvOev re V: vOévde re G, evOevde P. 


64 


Le a ee, ar 


ra 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, TI. viii. 8-15 


barbarians but they encamped apart from one 
another as they proceeded: When Cabades learned 


- this (for he happened to be close by), he came with 


all speed to the Roman frontier and confronted 
them. But the Romans had not yet learned that 
Cabades was moving against them with his whole 
force, and they supposed that some small Persian 
army was there. Accordingly the forces of Areobindus 
established their camp in a place called Arzamon, at 
a distance of two days’ journey from the city of 
Constantina, and those of Patricius and Hypatius in 
a place called Siphrios, which is distant not less than 
three hundred and fifty stades from the city of 
Amida. As for Celer, he had not yet arrived. 
Areobindus, when he ascertained that Cabades was 
coming upon them with his whole army, abandoned 
his camp, and, in company with all his men, turned 
to flight and retired on the run to Constantina. 
And the enemy, coming up not long afterwards, 
captured the camp without a man in it and all the 
money it contained. From there they advanced 
swiftly against the other Roman army. Now the 
troops of Patricius and Hypatius had happened upon 
eight hundred Ephthalitae who were marching in 
advance of the Persian army, and they had killed 
practically all of them. Then, since they had 
learned nothing of Cabades and the Persian army, 
supposing that they had won the victory, they began 
to conduct themselves with less caution. At any 
rate they had stacked their arms and were preparing 
themselves a lunch ; for already the appropriate time 
of day was drawing near. Now a small stream 
flowed in this place and in it the Romans began to 


65 


VOL, I, F 


16 


18 


19 


21 


29 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


kaGaipew Hpk~avto ols 81) cutiver@ar Emeddov. 
Tuves S¢ aYOopevos TO Trvivyer eal AodcOar HkiovY, 
TavTn Te TapayOy TO Tod pdanos bdop mpdcw 
ex oper. KaPddns dé Ta és Tods ‘Epanitas Eup 
mecovta pabov él Ttovs Trodepious KaTe TaXos 
Hel. KATLO@Y TE oUYyKEXUMEeVOY TO TOD. pYaKos 
LA \ \ \ 4 ” > 

idwp cal Ev~Barwv TO ToLovpevoy éyvw ama- 


packetvous Tovs évaytious eivar, Kal KaTa KpaTos 


Hon er avtovs éhavvew éxéXevev. avTika Te av- 
Tois éotiwpévors Te Kal avoTrAots oda émréoTN- 
cap. “Popator 5é ovK éveyxovTes | Thv épodov és 
chai pev TO TapdaTav ovK éBreror, epevryov de 
as éxaoTos Ty edvvaTo, Kat aur ay ot ev Kara- 
AapBavopevor Ovo Kor, ot 6€ a avLovTes els TO Opes 
6 TavTy avexer éppimtouy avTovs KaTa TO K 

py Obes Eby POR Kal GopiBo TOANO. O0ev 8) 
ovoéva ecto Bat pace, Ilatpixios dé «ab. ‘Tra- 
TOS KAT apxas THS épodov Siaduyety i loxvoay. 


emenra dé KaBaéns, Ovvver TONED és yay TID 


avrod éoBeBryuoTor, Tavrl TO oTpat@ én’ olxou 
avexwpnae, Toe pov TE paxpov mpos TO vos 
TodTo €s Tis X@pas Ta mpos dperov Suéhepev. ev 
tobt@ dé Kal To aXXo oTpdrevpa “Popaiov Fre, 
Aoyou pévrot a€vov ovdev pacar, bre 82 avdto- 
KpaTap TOU ToREuou KaTéorn ovdets, arn’ toot 
T pos aGAXprous ot orpatnyol évTeEs ayteordTouy 
Te ad ov Tals years Kal yivecOar &v TO 
auT@ ovdayt, Odor, | Kérep dé Edy ois émo- 
pévoLs Nopgvoy TOT a MOV diaBas éaBorny Twa és 
tv Aptavnvny. émojoato. at. S€ 0 ToTapos 


1 ob éveyndvtes G: ob ereveyxvdtes V, odx bmeveyndytes P. 


66, 





i i i lille ee 





Se Tae Tr ey 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. viii. 15-22 


wash the pieces of meat which they were about 
to. eat; some, too, distressed by the heat, were 
bathing themselves in the stream; and in con- 
sequence the brook flowed on with a muddy current. 
But while Cabades, learning what had befallen the 
Ephthalitae, was advancing against the enemy with 
all speed, he noticed that the water of the brook 
was disturbed, and divining what was going on, 
he came to the conclusion that his opponents 
were unprepared, and gave orders to charge upon 


them immediately at full speed.  Straightway, 


then, they fell upon them feasting and unarmed. 
And the Romans did not withstand their onset, 
nor did they once think of resistance, but they 


_ began to flee as each one could ; and some of them 


were captured and_ slain, while others climbed 


the hill which rises there and threw themselves 


down the cliff in panic and much confusion. And 
they say that not a man escaped from there; but 
Patricius and Hypatius had succeeded in getting 
away at the beginning of the onset. After this 
Cabades retired homeward with his whole army, since 
hostile Huns had. made an invasion into his land, and 
with this people he waged a long war in the 
northerly portion of his realm. In the meantime 
the other Roman army also came, but they did no- 
thing worth, reeounting, because, it seems, no one was 
made commander-in-chief of the expedition ; but all 
the generals were of equal rank, and consequently 
they were always opposing one another’s opinions 


and were utterly unable to unite. However Celer, 


with his contingent, crossed the Nymphius River and 
made some sort of an. invasion into Arzanene. This 


Aug., 
503 A.D. 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA - 


ovros Maptupotrovews pev ayxotato, Apldns 8é 
6cov amd cTadiwy Tptaxoclwv. ol 89 AnLtodpevot 


\ > / / > A > a 
Ta éxelvn ywpia érravnrOov ov TOAA@ VorTepor. 


d0 OdLyou Te % émidpoun avTn éyéveTo. 


IX 


Mera 8é ’ApeoBivdes pév és Bufdvtiov ws Ba- 
, , a e \ bar ee 
olhéa peTameuTTos HAGeEv, 01 S€ Notrrol és “Apidav 
ad f nr Ld > 7 / 
apikopevoe Xelwavos wpa és TodopKiav Kabi- 
\ , \ ae \ , mes 
otavto. Kat Bia pév édeiv TO ywploy, KaiTrep 
\ > 4 > yy n 
TOAAA eyKexepnKoTes, ovK loyvoav, Aup@ be 
a cal \ . 
ToUTO Toleiy Ewedrov* TavTa yap TOvS ToOAL- 
4 es 4 > , > . e 
OpKovupévous Ta emiTHOELA ETLAEAOLTEL. GAA Ol 
a / 
oTpaTnyol ovdey TeTUcpevoL audi TOV TOAELLOV 
n > , > \ ¥ 7 n , 
TH amopia, éretd) TOs oTpaTL@Tas TH Mpocedpela 
\ a a b] / ev ce 
Kal TO Yelmove axGopévovs éEwpwv, Gua bé Kat 
Ilepo@v otpatevpa él odds HEew ove eis pa- 
\ e , / e¢ \ > > 
Kpav wmetorratov, TpoT@ Otw@ 57 evOévde aman- 
/ > a 3 7 ‘4 » 
Adooecbat év atrovdy eixov. ot Te [lépoat, ov 
a ca) tal , 
éxovtes tives av év Toiade Tots Sewots yévouvTo, 
an / \ 
THY pev atopiay TOV avayKalwv és TO aKpiBEs 


éxpuTtov, Soxnow Tapéxovtes os TavToV odiot 


Tov émiTndetwv adbOovia ein, és 5é Ta oiKeta Edy 
TO evmrpeTe? OY avaxwpelv HOcdov. yivovTat 
obv év apotépous Noyot, ep © 81 Ilépoat Aitpas 
xpuciov xidias AaBovTes atrod@aovar ‘Pwpaiois 
THY TOMY. EéxaTEpol Te Aopevoar TA EvyKeipeva 
€mitedh érotovy, Ta Te KpnuaTta ANaB@v oO TOD 
68 


no, eee he? i. 





———————e—— COM 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. viii. 22-ix. 4 


river is one very close to Martyropolis, about three 
hundred stades from Amida. So Celer’s troops plun- 
dered the country thereabout and returned not long 
after, and the whole invasion was completed in a 


short time. 
e 


IX 


Arter this Areobindus went to Byzantium at the 
summons of the emperor, while the other generals 
reached Amida, and, in spite of the winter season, 
invested it. And although they made many attempts 
they were unable to carry the fortress by storm, but 
they were on the point of accomplishing their object 


by starvation; for all the provisions of the besieged 


were exhausted. The generals, however, had ascer- 
tained nothing of the straits in which the enemy 
were ; but since they saw that: their own troops were 
distressed by the labour of the siege and the wintry 
weather, and at the same time suspected that a 
Persian army would be coming upon them before 
long, they were eager to quit the place on any terms 
whatever. The Persians, on their part, not knowing 
what would become of them in such terrible straits, 
continued to conceal scrupulously their lack of the 
necessities of life, and made it appear that they had 
an abundance of all provisions, wishing to return to 
their homes with the reputation of honour. So a 
proposal was diseussed between them, according to 
which the Persians were to deliver over the city to 
the Romans upon receipt of one thousand pounds of 
gold. Both parties then gladly executed the terms 
of the agreement, and thg son of Glones, upon 
receiying the money, delivered over Amida to the 


69 


10 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


T@vov vidos *Apdav ‘Popators mapédoxe. To- 
vys yap 7780 ETETENEVTHKEL TPOT@ TOLMDOE. 
” 


UT @ pev oTparomedevoa meron évradda ‘Pa-— 


patov, "Apidns be TONES ovT@v ov paxpéy atro- 
dev, TOV TUS dypoixan, Sogep * laden € és Thy moe 
éov@y AdOpa dpyis Te Kal aprous Kal TOV apatov 
Tora TO T'A@VN TO’THO am odidor bar Xpnpareov 
peyddov, Tarpixio TO OTpaTny® és ovr éOav 
TrAw@vnv oi és Xéipas mapaddcery Edv Tépoats 
diaxoctors bmréaxyero, iy Twos aporBis err ida 
AaBov Tap avtod ein. 6 6€ avT@ aravra doa 
hv Bovdopevp DrroaXouevos ever Oau TOV avOpo- 
Tov ameTéuapato, Kal os Ta Te imarea, dewvas 
dtappyéas cal dedaxpupév@ éoixa@s és Thy Tod 
eionrAbe. mapa te tov TrA@vny jeav. tas TE 
, , °? , t O , » 
Tpixas Tidrov, “"Erbyxavey pév, @ SéomoTa, 
cimrev, “ adtravTd cot €x TOU ywpiov Tayaba pépar, 
evTUXOVTES 6é otpaTarar Papaior («al yap ov 
és <ta>” Tavry Xwpia Kat Odbyous mepwovTes 
Tovs otk pods arypotkous Bidlovrac) Tanyas ré 
poe od hopnras mpooerpiyavro Kat mdvra apeno- 
joevot of AnoTAl OXOVTO, ois 8H eK Tanatov 
Tépoas TE Sebcévat Kal TOUS ‘yewpryovds Braker Pau 
VOHOS. aXr’ Ores, @ déo7rora, cavT@ TE Kal 
nyt Kal Ilépoats a apoyys. iy yap és Ths TONE@S 
Ta Tpoda Teva KUUNYET HT OV ins, Ojpapyd cor ov 
pavrov gorau. kata révte yap 7) TéeTTApas ot 
KaTaparor TepudvTes hoTodvTovew. oO wey TAdTa 
elmer. avarera Gels dé 0 Drwvns TOU dv0 peorou 
dwerrvvOdvero moaous more Tlépoas oletal oi 
és tnv mpaEw ixavods goecOar. 0 dé wevtiKovTa 
! Gowep Haury: é0mep MSS, 2 <ra> Dindorf, 
70 


—— 


ee SL ML 





SSS = ee 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. ix. 4-10 


Romans. For Glones himself had already died in the 
following manner. : . 
When the Romans had not yet encamped before 
the city of Amida but were not far from its vicinity, 
a certain countryman, who was accustomed to enter 
the city secretly with fowls and loaves and many 
other delicacies, which he sold to this Glones at a 
great price, came before the general Patricius and 
promised to deliver into his hands Glones and two 
hundred Persians, if he should receive from him as- 
surance of some requital. And the general promised 
that he should have everything ‘he desired, and thus 
dismissed the fellow. He then tore his garments) in 
a dreadful, manner, and, assuming the aspect of one 


_ who had been weeping, entered the city. And 


coming before Glones, and tearing his hair he said.: 
“OQ Master, I happened to be bringing in for you all 
the good things from my village, when some Roman 
soldiers chanced upon me (for, as you know, they 
are constantly wandering about the country here in 
small bands and doing violence to the miserable 
eountry-folk), and they inflicted upon me. blows not 
to be endured, and, taking away everything, they 
departed,—the robbers, whose ancient custom it is s 
to fear the Persians and to beat the farmers. But 
do you, O Master, take thought to defend yourself 
and us and the Persians. For if you go hunting 
into the outskirts of the city, you will find rare 
game. For the accursed rascals go about by fours 
or fives to do their robbery.” Thus he spoke. - And 
Glones was persuaded, and enquired of the fellow 
about how, many Persians he thought would be 
sufficient for him to carry out the enterprise. He 


71 


1 


— 


13 


14 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


\ > / ¢ s vy > \ 
wey amoxpyncev of partota edn od yap av 
avT@v mr¢Eloci Tote 7) KaTa TévTEe 00@ lodow 

7 nr - 
évtvxovev, Tod Sé pmdev ampoaddxnrov cdicr 
EvpBivar obdév te yeipoy Kal éxarov és 7d épyov 
errayayécOau iv S€ Kal tovTwy Simdacious, TO 
\ » / \ > / > r 
TavTt dpewov. BrAdBos yap avOpaer@ éx Tod Te- 
plovtos oun av yévoito. Trevns per ody imméas 
diaxocious atrodeEdwevos Tov avOpwrov odicw 
> Lal - tel ec \ 7 > 7 
cEnyeioOar éexédeverv. 6 5é dpewov iayupivfeto 
eivat avTov él KaTacKoTH oTédreoOar mpoTepor, 
Kal ty. ére év yopiow tois abtois mepwovtas 
“Po / ida 2 IX ic4 by > bé 
paiovs idov amayyeiNn, otto 8 év SéovTe 
tal \ / > nw 
motetobar tiv &Eodov Ilépcas. ed te ody eimeiy 
éb0fe TH TA@vyn Kai adtod adiévtos eoréAXeTO. 
Tapa te Tov otpatnyov Llatpixtoy hxwv atavta 
éppate: Kal os tav Sopvpdpwv trav avTod dvo 
Kal orpatimtas yidiovs Evy adt@ ereurpev. ods 
8) audi kounv Oirrlacdporv crabdiovs teccapa- 
kovta Aptons Svéyovoay év vdrrats Te Kai ywpiois 
brAwdeow Expurpe, Kal. avTodD péveww ev TavTais 
bn tats évédpais éréoteArev, és TE THY TOA 
Spoum éy@pe. Kat TO [Advy Eroipov cimav TO 
Onpapa elvat, avT@ TE Kal Tots Siaxoatous e&nyy- 
cato éri Thy TOV Todcpiwr évédpav. émevdyH TE 
déBnacav tov y@pov ov mporoyifovtes) “Pw- 
pator éxaOnvto,? Trovnv te cai Iépoas Xabev 
nn ¢ 

dmavras, & te THs évédpas tos “Pwpaious 
avéotnoe Kal adtois tods moreuiovs émréderEev. 
ovetrep errerdi) éml odas idvtas xateidov Tlépcat, 

1 06 mpodroxlCovres Haury: ob mpodoxlfer@ar VG, otwep 
eAoxiorres P. 

2 exdOnvro VG: exdOnvto kal aitay rpdow éeyévoyTo P. 


72 





ee aS a ee 


14 


| 


meet more than five of them going together ; how- 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, LI. ix. 10-16 
said that about fifty would do, for they would never 


ever, in order to forestall any unexpected circum- 
stance, it would do no harm to take with him even 
one hundred men; and if he should double this 
number it would be still better from every point 
of view; for no harm could come to a man from 
the larger number. _ Glones accordingly picked out 
two hundred horsemen, and bade the fellow lead 
the way for them. But he insisted that it was 
better for him to be sent first to spy out the ground, 
and, if he should bring back word that he had 
seen Romans-still going about in the same districts, 
that then the Persians should make their sally at the 
fitting moment. Accordingly, since he seemed to 


Glones to speak well, he was sent forward by his 


own order. Then he came before the general 
Patricius and explained everything ; and the general 
sent with him two of his own body-guard and a 
thousand soldiers. These he concealed about a 
village called Thilasamon, forty stades distant from 


_ Amida, among valleys and woody places, and in- 


—_ 


structed them to remain there in this ambush; he 
himself then proceeded to the city on the run, and 
telling Glones that the prey was ready, he led him 
and the two hundred horsemen upon the ambush 
of the enemy. And when they passed the spot 
where the Romans were lying in wait, without being 
observed by Glones or any of the Persians, he roused 
the Romans from their ambuscade and pointed out 
to them the enemy. And when the Persians saw 
the men coming against them, they were astounded 


73 


17 


18 


19 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


KaTerdaynoav Te TO ampocdoKnT@ Kal apn- 
Xavia TWOAAH elxovTo. ovTE yap orriaw areNav- 
vel olol Te Hoav, KATA vwToOU dvT@V odhiol TOV 
evavTiov, ovTE 1 ETEpwoe hevyely ev YR TOhEMa 
edvvayto. €éx 6€ TOY TapovToY as és payny 
Taédpevor Tovs ertovTas HuvvovTO, Te TE TAHOE 
\ \ uA € / / ’ \ 
Tapa Tov éXaccovpevor HoonOnoav Te Kal Edp 
al 4 oe : 7 ; { 

7 Drovy dmavres SiepPdpyoay. o7rep éetd)) 
6 tov I'A@vov vids Euabe, Teptadynoas Te Kal TO 

a ; \ a \ \ 
Oupe Céwv Ott 6) TO TWatpl apdivev ovK eixXe, TOV 

/ \ yy id / i e 
Lupeovov veov éxavoev, ayiov avdpos; iva 8H 0 
Trdvns xarérve. Kaitoe addAnv tive oiKodouiav 
ovre AMVs ote KaBadns, od puny oddé Tlepoady 
Tis GdXos ovTE Kabedeiv Eyvw OTE TH AAO 
> / , ” > / x uA > , 
apavite tporm év ye “Apidn 7 TavTns €xTOsS. 
éryor d€ éml Tov. mpoTepov AOyov. émaverpt. 


20 Odtw pév “Apsdav ‘Popaios Ta yphwara Sovtes 


21 


améxaBov Sto éevniavrois totepov  mpos TOV 
Todepioy éddw. kal éeret év TavTn eyévovTo, 
TE avT@Y Oduywpia Kal Ilepcdv TO Kaptepov THS 
Suaitns éyvocdn.  citiwy yap Tov, évradda 
edermpévov TO péTpov Kai BapBapwv tov éEedn- 
AvOoT@Y TOV GutNoV NoYiodpEvoL, ETA padioTa 
Hpwepav niproxov Satravnv év TH TONEL aTrONENEL- 
P0a, kaimep T'A@vov Te Kal Tod éxeivou Tados 
evdcerTépws 7) KATA THY YpEelay TOANOD yYpovoU 
évd.oovtos Ta aottia Llépoas. “Pwpaiows yap 
Tois €v TH TOdEL, WoTEp por TpodedyjrAwTAaL, EV 
avtois pelvacw ovdév TO TapaTray Yopyyelv &yve- 


74 


— ee) oe. oe ee 


~ 


———_ 


— 


SR er mce 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. ix. 16—22 


at the suddenness of the thing, and were in much 


distress what todo. For neither could they retire 


to the rear, since their opponents were behind them, 
nor were they able to flee anywhere else in a hostile 
land. But as well as they could under the cir- 
cumstances, they arrayed themselves for battle and 
tried to drive back their assailants; but being at a 
great disadvantage in numbers they were vanquished, 
and all of them together with Glones were destroyed. 
Now when the son of Glones learned of this, being 
deeply grieved and at the same time furious with 
anger because he had not been able to defend his 


father, he fired the sanctuary of Symeon, a holy man, - 


where Glones had his lodging. It must be said, 


_however, that with the exception of this one building, 


neither Glones nor Cabades, nor indeed any other 
of the Persians, saw fit either to tear down or to 
destroy in any other way any building in Amida at any 
rate, or outside this city. But I shall return to We 
previous narrative. 

Thus the Romans by giving the money recovered 
Amida two years after it had been captured by the 
enemy. And when they got into the city, their 
own negligence and the hardships under which the 
Persians had maintained themselves were discovered. 
For upon reckoning the amount of grain left there 
and the number of barbarians who had gone out, 
they found that rations for about seven days were 
left in the city, although Glones and his son had 
been for a long time doling ‘out provisions to the 
Persians more sparingly than they were needed. 
For to the Romans who had remained with them in 
the city, as I have stated above, they had decided to 
dispense nothing at all from the time when their 


75 


504 A.D. 


24 


“ 
~ 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


cap, €& STov of Todeptoe 5 THY TOALOPKIAaY KaTE- 
oTnoayv, of 5 és Bpadces anbas ta mpara 
éNOovres TOV TE OU Oepetav arpdpevor TAVT@D, 
eita TeAEUT@VTES Kal aX OV eyevoarTo. 510 
6 éEnmratnpévor Te TOs TOV BapBdpov oi oT pa, 
THYyol 0 0ovTo Kal TOIS oTpATLOTals THY axpa- 
oiay avelditov, Ott 57 | amrevWecTépous avTous 
T apex ouevor opiot, Tapov Sopvararous Ilépaas 
T€ TOTOUTOUS TO THO os kal I\@vou tov viov ov 
TH monet. EXeiv, of S€ Ta ‘Popatov Xpipata és 
TOUS ToAELLOUS weTeveyKovTEs _aiaxos TE avedy}- 
cavTo péya cal “Apidav dpyupovnToy mpos 
Tepoov EaBov. baTEpov 6é Tlépoat, Tod mpos 
Obvvovs Torémov odior pencuvopievo ov, és oTrovoas 
‘Peopators Evviacw, aimrep avrois és émTa. 

eyévovTo, Keérepos TE Too ‘Po patov Kab “Aorre- 
Bédov rob Tlépoou auras TOUT AHEVOY, én otkov 
Te auporepor dvaxopioavres Hox) epevov. 
ovT@ BED, @oTEp éppnOn, ap&dpevos 0 ‘Popator 
Te Kal Tlepody TOhELOS és TOde éTeNeUTA. Ta 
bé app Tiras Tas Kaorias EvvevexOévta pov 


EPKOMAL. 
X 


To Kirixkwv dpos o Tadpos apeiBee pev Ta 
mpata Kamaddéxas te kab "A ppevious Kat TOV 
Tlepoappeviov Kadoupéveov thv yy, ere pévrot 
‘AdBarods TE ral ;TBnpas, Kal boa ahra evn 
avTovopd Te xat Tépo-aus KaTtiKoa Tavry OKNVTAL. 
eEvevetrar yap és xepav TORN}, mpoidvre dé del 
To dpos TodTO és péya Te Xphwa evpovs Te Kal 


76 


1h ORY "Pm 2 


re 





SR 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. ix. 22-x. 2 


enemy began the siege; and so these men at first 


resorted to unaccustomed foods and laid hold on 
every forbidden thing, and at the last they even 
_ tasted each other's blood. So the generals realized 


that they had been deceived by the barbarians, and 
they reproached the soldiers for their lack of self- 


_ control, because they had shown themselves wanting 


in obedience to them, when it was possible to capture 
as prisoners of war such a multitude of Persians and 
the son of Glones and the city itself, while they 


had in consequence attached to. themselves signal 


disgrace by carrying Roman money to the enemy, 
and had taken Amida from the Persians by pur- 
chasing it with silver. After this the Persians, since 


their war with the Huns kept dragging on, entered 


into a treaty with the Romans, which was arranged 
by them for seven years, and was made by the 
Roman Celer and the Persian Aspebedes; both 
armies then retired homeward and remained at 

ce. Thus, then, as has been told, began the 
war of the Romans and the Persians, and to this end 
did it come. But I shall now turn to the narratiori 
of the events touching the Caspian Gates. 


X 


Tue Taurus mountain range of Cilicia passes first 
Cappadocia and Armenia and the land of the so- 
called Persarmenians, then also Albania and Iberia 
and all the other countries in this region, both 


_ independent and subject to Persia. For it extends 


to a great distance, and as one proceeds along this 
range, it always spreads out to an extraordinary 


77 


506 A.D, 


oo 


10 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


inpous Sinker. wvmepBavts d€ Tos “I Byipwv Gpovs 
atpatos tis éotw ev oTEevoxwpia TONG), ert 
oradious mevTiKOVTa eEixvovpérn. abn 8€ 
dt pares és amroTopov Tuva kal dros aBarov Te- 
heuTa x@pov- diodes yap ovdepia Td NovTrov gai. 

veTat, TAnY YE oy 6 6Tt WoTEp TIWa Xetporrointoy 
mTudioa evtavba 1%, hvows eEedper, i) Kaomia éx 
Tada.ov cen, TO d¢ évOévie tredia té éoTu 
imandara Kal VddT@Y TOANOY aTEXVOS EMT AEG, 
ral XY@Opa TOAN) immTbBoros ‘te Kal Aros UrTia. 

od 51) ra Odbvver Yun oxeddv tt &ravta ipurat 
axe és THY Maariv Sincovta Aipvay. obToL i 
bev dca THs Turbos hs ape epynoOny i iwow € T 

Tepoay Te Kal ‘Popateov 700, axpaipvéct Te Tots, 
immots tact Kal mepLadep Tih ovdapi), XP@EVOL 
ovee xpnyvadveow € evTUXOVTES xeplots, OTt #7) Tots 
TEVTHKOVT A, oradtors éxelvous olamep €ls Tovs 
"T8npious dpous, WaTrEp éppnn, Sinxovorv. én’ 

adras Sé TLvas éf0dous tovTes: TOV TE TONG 
maparyivovTat Kal. immots ovKETL xphaat TOUS. 
avrois EXOVTES. Trepiodous Te yap avTovs Tept- 
vévat ToANaS éTavayKes KaL Ta’TAaS KPHpYwoels. 
Sarep ered) 6 Dirirrou "AréEavdpos KATEVONTE, 
mUAas TE €v YOPY eTERTIVATO TO eipnuev@ Kal 
pudaxtnpov KATETTHOATO. & 82) ddXot Te TodAol 
m poiovTos povov éoxov Kal "ApBalovans, Odvvos 
pev YevOS,. Poopators dé Kal ‘Avagtacl Racine. 
piros. ovTOS “ApBalovuns, émrelon. & es TE yipas 
adixro Badv Kai TedevTay EMEARE, mépabas Tapa 
tov “Avagrdatov, Xpiwara ot SP ijvat ATE, ep’ 2 
76. Te dudaxTipioy Kal Todas Tas Kacmias €v- 


78 


oe 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. x. 2-10 


_ breadth and rises to an imposing height. And as 





one passes beyond the boundary of Iberia there 
is a sort of path in a very narrow passage, extending 
for a distance of fifty stades, This path terminates 
in a place cut off by cliffs and, as it seems, absolutely 
impossible to pass through. For from there no way 
out appears, except indeed a small gate set there by 


nature, just as if it had been made by the hand of 


man, which has been called from of old the Caspian 


_ Gates. From there on there are plains suitable for 


riding and extremely well watered, and extensive 


tracts used as pasture land for horwaa? and level 


besides. Here almost all the nations of the Huns 


_aré settled, extending as far as the Maeotic lake. 


Now if these Huns go through the gate which I have 


just mentioned into the land of the Persians and 
the Romans, they come with their horses fresh and 
without. making any detour or encountering any 
precipitous, places, except in those fifty stades over 
which, as has been said, they pes to the boundary 
of Iberia.~ If, however, they go by any other passes, 
they reach their destination with great difficulty, and 
can no longer use the same horses. For the detours 
which they are forced to make are many and steep 
besides. When this was observed by Alexander, the 
son of Philip, he constructed gates in the aforesaid 
place and established a fortress there. And this was 
held by many men in turn as time went on, and 
finally by Ambazouces, a Hun by birth, but a friend 
ofthe Romans and the Emperor Anastasius. Now 


_ when this Ambazouces had reached an advanced age 


‘and, was near to death, he sent to Anastasius 


asking that. money. be given him, on condition 


that he hand over the fortress and the Caspian 


79 


™ 


11 


13 


14 


15 


16 


— 
~!I 


18 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Smcet ‘Pwpaios. Baoireds dé Avarraotos (dpav 
yap averiocxéttas ovdev ote HmiotaTO oOvTE 
ei@Oer) Noyiodpevos STL of aTpati@tas évTadOa 
exTpepery advvata hv év Ywpio épnu@ te ayabav 
amdvtwy Kal ovdauh év yevroverv éxovTt eOvos 
‘Pawpaiors KaTnKoov, yapw pev TO avOpdérr@ THs 
és avtov evvotas TrodAIY @moroyer, TO be Epryor 
TovTO ovdevt oy mpoalero. "ApBalovens bev 
ovv ov TOAAM baTepov éredevTa OTe, Kafabdqs 
be Biacdpevos tods avtod maiéas tas mUAas 
erxev. 
‘Avagraows Te Bacihevs, erred € éyévovto avT@ 
ai T pos Kafadny omovdat, TONY édeiwaro év 
wpio Adpas oxupav Te imreppuas Kal Aoyou 
agian, avroo Bactréws er@vupor. amex 6¢ avrn 
TONEWS fev Neoifidos otabdious éxatov duoty Sé- 
ovTas, X@pas 6é 4) y} Ta ‘Popatov Te Kal Tlepody 
Scopiter oKTa Kal eiKxoot padora. Tlépaar 8é 
K@AVELW THY oixodopiav omovdny & EXovTES ovdaph} 
loxvov acxohia TH és TOE Mov tov Odvyixoy 
muetopevot. errecd1) Te avrov TaxLaTa KaBdéns 
atéhuae, méubas Tapa ‘Papaious Tato TON 
avTous oixodopnoac bar dyxuora Tou Tov oerté- 
pov optav, aTrevpnevov TovTO €v Tots Myéors TE 


Kat ‘Popators Evryrerpévors Ta TporEpa. TOTE ev 


oby ‘Avaardouos Ta pev aTEhav, Ta O€ pidiay Té 
THY €S AUTOV TpoTEwomevos Kal Ypnwacw ov 
havros Swpovpevos, mapaxpoverOat Te Kal Thy 


aitiay éxdvew nOere. Kal Tod be addyy Tabry 


Spotav év ’Appevious 0 Bactreds obtos ayyotdtw 


80 


, ae Ge Sf okey 


i dE he a eee 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. x. 10-18 


Gates to the Romans. But the Emperor Anastasius 
was incapable of doing anything. without careful 
investigation, nor was it his custom to act thus; 
reasoning, therefore, that it was impossible for him 
to support soldiers in a place which was destitute of 
all good things, and which had nowhere in the 
neighbourhood a nation subject to the Romans, he 
expressed deep gratitude to the man for his good-will 
toward him, but by no means accepted this_pro- 
position. So Ambazouces died of disease not long 
afterwards, and Cabades overpowered his sons and 
took possession of the Gates. 

The Emperor Anastasius, after concluding the 
treaty with Cabades, built a city in a place called 
Daras, exceedingly strong and of real importance, 


‘bearing the name of the emperor himself. Now this. 


place is distant from the city of Nisibis one hundred 
stades lacking two, and from the boundary line 
which divides the Romans from the Persians about 
twenty-eight. And the Persians, though eager to 
prevent the building, were. quite unable to do so, 
being constrained by the war with the Huns in 
which they were engaged. .But as soon as Cabades 
brought this to an end, he sent to the Romans and 
accused them of having built a city hard by the 
Persian frontier, though this had been forbidden in 
the agreement previously made between the Medes 
and the Romans:! At that time, therefore, the 
Emperor Anastasius desired, partly by threats, and 
partly by emphasizing his friendship with him and 
by bribing him with no mean sum of money, to 


_ deceive him and to remove the accusation. And 


another city also was built by this emperor, similar 
* Cf. Book I. 15. 


81 
VOL. I. G 


19 


or 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA — 


edeiuato tov Mepoappevias opiov, ) KOUH pev : 
maXaiod er dry xaven odea, TOAEWS Sé AFiapa pé 

és TO dvoma mpos @codociov Baciréws NaBoboa . 
em @yy pos auTov eryeryovet. arn ’Avactdavos 
TelyeL avTry oxupeoTar@. TeptBaeov T pay para 
Tlépoats 0td& tL focov 7) i) bua THs érépas Trapé- 
oxero: émiteryiopata yap abTov Th xope rye 
yovev appa. 


'. 


XI 


"Avactaciov 8 drivo Uo TEpov TeAEUTHTAYTOS 
‘Tova tives Tv Bacireiay tapéraPev, din eha- 
pévov abtis Tov Avactaciou Evyyevav aravtor, — 
Kaimep Tro\N@v Te Kal Atay eripavav svT@V. — 
TOTE 8) pepipvd TUS Kafddy éyéveto un te époas — 
vewrepio wow és Tov avrod oixov, émeidav TayXloTE 
avros TEMEUTION TOV Biov, émrel ovde avrihoyias 

apis és TOV mraidoov Twa TapaTréuapar THY apxiy 7 
éuedrNe. TOV yap ob maida TOV m peo Butatov ' 
Kadony Tis pep nuxias Evexa €5 TI)V Bacireiav 6 Oo” 
VOMOS €KaNEL, aKa KaBdony ovdaph pEeTKer. 
éBuatero be THY TE hvu. wal TH VOMLpa TOD 
Tar pos ryvejun. Zapny bé, 06 Ta Sevtepela édépero, 
Totv pO arpoiv tov &tepov exKexoppevov é€x@NVEV 
O vopos. érepopOarpov yap i) addy Tint ROBy 
exopevov ov Beis Tlépoaus Bacthéa cabloracOat. 
Xoo pony dé, Os avrg ek THS ‘Aa meBédou adengiis | 
éyeryover, UTrepnyara pev Oo TaTHp, opav de Tépoas 


82 


ES 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. x. 18-xi. 5 


to the first, in Armenia, hard by the boundaries of 


- Persarmenia ; now in this place there had been a 


village from of old, but it had taken on the dignity 
of a city by the favour of the Emperor Theodosius 
even to the name, for it had come to be named after 
him. But Anastasius surrounded it with a very sub- 
stantial wall, and thus gave offence to the Persians 
no less than by the other city ; for both of them 


are strongholds menacing their country. 


XI 


Anp when a little later Anastasius died, Justinus 


received the empire, forcing aside all the kinsmen 


of Anastasius, although they were numerous and 
also very distinguished. Then indeed a sort of 
anxiety came over Cabades, lest the Persians should 
make some attempt to overthrow his house as soon 
as he should end his life; for it was certain that he 
would not pass on the kingdom to any one of his sons 
without opposition. For while the law called to the 
throne the eldest of his children Caoses by reason 
of his age, he was by no means pleasing to Cabades ; 
and the father’s judgment did violence to the law of 
nature and of custom as well. And Zames, who was 
second in age, having had one of his eyes struck out, 
was prevented by the law. For it is not lawful for 
a one-eyed man or one having any other deformity 
to become. king over the Persians. But Chosroes, 
who was born to him by the sister of Aspebedes, the 
father loved exceedingly ; seeing, however, that all 
the Persians, practically speaking, felt an extravagant 
! Modern Erzeroum. 
83 
a@ 2 


Aug. 1, 
518 a.D. 


=] 


10 


1 


— 


PROCOPIUS OF CARSARBA 


aoxedov Tt eimeiy atavtas TeOnrotas Thy Lapou 
avopetav (hv yap ayabos Ta modéuta) Kal THY 
adAnv apetnv céBovtas, ewe pn XNoocpoy 
emavactavTes Epya avnxeata és TO yévos Kal THY 
Bacireiav épydcwvta. dokev ody ad’T@ apioTov 
eivat TOY TE TONEMOY Kal TAS TOD TrOAgmOU aiTias 
Siardoat “Pwpaiors, éb & Xoopons wats éorrown- 
Tos “lovoetive Bacihel yévoito: ovT@ yap ot 
poves TO oxupov éml TH apyn Svacw@cacOar.’ 
610 8 mpécBes Te Urrép TovT@Y Kal ypaupata és 
Bufavtiov “lovative Bacirei Ereurpev. ednrov Sé 
» ypabn tade> “Od dSixata pév retrovOévac pos 
“‘Pawpaiwy juds Kat avTos oicba, éyw bé bpiv Ta 
éykAnpata wdavtTa adeivar TavTehos éyvexa, 
€xeivo ciO@s, @S OvTOL dv pwadicTa TOY avOpeTraV 
VUK@EV, Ob Ye, TpoToVTOS aUTOis Tov diKaiouU, EiTa 
éMaccovpevor éExovTes elvat TaV ditov Hocar- 
Tat. Yapw pévToe aitovpal oe UTép TOUT@Y TVA, 
}) av ovX Huads adtTovs povoyv, AANA Kal TO ExaTépov 
bmyKoov atrav és Te TO Evyyevés cuvdéovca Kal 
THY aT avTOD ws TO eiKos evvoLav, és KOpov 8H 
Tov Tov THs eipyyns aya0av KaTtactHcacBat 
ixavy ein. Réyw b& ras av Nooponv rov eon, 
ds por THs Bacirelas diadoyos ~otat, eiemomrov 
maida ToinoaLo.” 

Tadta érel areveyOévta “loverivos Bactineds 
eldev, avdTos Te Teptyapis éyéveto Kal “lovetivi- 
avos 6 Bacirtéws abdedgidods, d5 8) aiTt@ kal Thy 
Bacireiav éxdéEacOar émido€os jv. Kal Kata 


/ , A cal > / \ 7 
Taxos és THY mpakw HrevyécOnv tiv éoroinow 


l §iaodoeocbar Herwerden. 


34 





EE a ee ran 


—— 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xi. 5-11 


admiration for the manliness of Zames (for he was a 
capable warrior), and worshipped his other virtues, he 
feared lest they should rise against Chosroes and do 
irreparable harm to the family and to the kingdom. 
Therefore it seemed best to him to arrange with the 
Romans to put an end both to the war and the 
causes of war, on condition that Chosroes be made 
an adopted son of the Emperor Justinus; for only 
in this way could he preserve stability in the govern- 
ment. Accordingly he sent envoys to treat of this 
matter and a letter to the Emperor Justinus in 
Byzantium. And the letter was written in this 
wise: “ Unjust indeed has been the treatment which 
we have received at the hands of the Romans, as 


even you yourself know, but I have seen fit. to 


abandon entirely all the charges against you, being 
assured of this, that the most truly victorious of all 
men would be those who, with justice on their side, 
are still willingly overcome and vanquished by their 
friends. However I ask of you a certain favour in 
return for this, which would bind together in kinship 
and in the good-will which would naturally spring 
from this relation not only ourselves but also all our 
subjects, and which would be calculated to bring us 
to a satiety of the blessings of peace. My proposal, 
then, is this, that you should make my son Chosroes, 
who will be my successor to the throne, your adopted 
son.’ 

When this message was brought to the Emperor 
Justinus, he himself was overjoyed and Justinian 
also, the nephew of the emperor, who indeed was 
expected to receive from him the empire. And 
they were making all haste to perform the act of 


85 


wv 


~ 


~ 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


\ 


év ypdppacr Oérbar 4 vowos “Pwpaiors, i fon 
Ilpoxdos ex@drvoev, ds Bacidel TOTE mapHdpeve 
tiv Tod Kadovpévov Kovaictwpos apyny exer, 
avnp Sixaids Te Kal xpnuatev Siapavas adwpo- 
Tatos. 60 53) ovTE vowov TWA evTrEeTaS eypahev 
ovte TL TOV KaGcoT@TMV Kieiv HOErEV, ds Kal 
ToTe avtaipwv ére&e toidder “ Newrépois pev 
eyyverpety Tm padypacw ovTe. elw0a Kal adds 
dédorKa TavTov pddiota, ed eld@s STL ev TO 
VE@TEPOTOLD TO ye dapares ovdapéis cwberar. 
Sox@ Oé por, cb kal iav, Tig Hv wepl TadTa 
Opacts, atroxvjca: dv és tTHvde THY Tpakw Kat 
5 KaToppwdjoat Tov €& avTis cddov ov yap aXXo 
ovoeyv olwar &v ye TH TrapovTt Hpiv év BovrAH 
eivar } Straws ay Ta “Popaiwy rpdypata Iépcais 
evmpeTel Trapadoinuey AOYH, ol ye OK éyxpudia- 
Covres 0068 TapaTEeTaopaci Tict Ypw@mevol, AANA 
Suappydnv oporoyodytes TO PBovrEvpa, ovTa@S 
avédnv abarpeicbar tHv Bacireiav hpads aktodaot, 
TO pev THs ardtyns phavep@ tiv adédrevav Tpoi- 
TXOmEvoL, AOyw O€ avaidel THY ampaymocuvnY 
5 mpoBeBAnpévor. Kaito. yphv éxdtepov tov 
TauTnvy Tav BapBdpav thy Teipay mavtl atro- 
KpovecOar cbéver: oé pév, ® Bacired, Orws 67 
[T) ‘Popatov eins Baovreds Boraros, oé 86, @ 
otpatnyé, Smras ay pa cavT@ és tiv Bacideav 
éprodoy yévoro. Ta pev yap ara sopiapara 
Noyou ws emi WrEioTOY TEepVOTHTL KadUTTOMEVA 
iows av mov Kal épunvéws Tots moAXois SéotTO, 


86 


™. ~~ gee ee, 4 OLD oe 


ie 


se a 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xi 11-17 


setting down in writing the adoption,.as the law of 
the Romans prescribes—and would have done so, 
had they not been prevented by Proclus, who was at 
that time a counsellor to the emperor, holding the 
office of quaestor, as it is called, a just man and one 
whom it was manifestly impossible to bribe ; for this 
reason he neither readily proposed any law, nor was 
he willing to disturb in any way the settled order of 
things; and he at that time also opposed the pro- 
position, speaking as follows: “To venture on novel 
projects is not my custom, and indeed I dread them 
more than any others ; for where there is innovation 
security is by no means preserved, And it seems to 
me that, even if one should be especially. bold in 
this matter, he would feel reluctance to do. the 
thing and would tremble at the. sterm which would 
arise from it; for I believe that nothing else is 
before our consideration at the present time than 
the. question how we may hand over the Roman 
empire to the Persians on a seemly pretext. For they 
make no concealment nor do they employ. any 
blinds, but explicitly acknowledging their purpose 
_ theyclaim without more ado to rob us of our empire, 
seeking to veil the manifestness of their deceit under 
a show of simplicity, and hide a shameless intent 
behind a pretended unconeern. And yet both of you 
ought to repel this attempt of the barbarians with all 
your power; thou, O Emperor, in order that thou 
mayst not be the last Emperor of the Romans, and 
thou, O General, that thou mayst not prove .a 
stumbling block to thyself as regards coming to the 
throne. For other crafty devices which are com- 
monly concealed by a pretentious show of words 
might perhaps need an interpreter for the many, 


87 


] 


1 


w 
b 


8 


9 


— 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


avn 6 avtixpus ék trpooisiwv evOds 1) mpeoBeia 
TO ‘Popateor Baotret Xoo pony TOUTOV, baTIS 
moré eoTt, KAnpovopov elomroveivy BovrXeTal. ov- 
Two yap pot mrepl TOUT@Y dtaroyites Oe: pucet 
Tots Tato Ta TOV Tat épov opelherar, Ot TE vopot 
TO diadddoaovtt arhyrors del év maou avO pio 
TOs paxopevor évrav0a & Te “Papaios Kal 
Tal BapBapous Ewviact Te Kal Evvopohoyoovres 
addprows Kuplous arropaivovat Tous matoas eivart 
TOU [rod] TraTpos KANpOV. Bore Ta TpPOTA 
EXomEevOLS bpiv TavTa suena Ta Nowra 
Evyxepeiv.” 

Ilpoxdos pev tocadra cime. Bacirevs 6é Kal 
O Barros ade pibods TOUS Te Aoyous évedé ovo 
Kal To _mpaxTéov év Boury érrovovyTo. év TOUTM 
é€ kal Gd\Xa KaBadns yedumara Tos "Tovotivov 
Baciréa mréuras, avbpas TE avrov oTeihat Soxi- 
provs kiov, 2 @ THY elpnu ny Tpos avTov 
Ono ovrat, Kat Ypap pact TOV TpOTOV | onehvar 
Kad’ ov ay avT@ THY TOU mawdos eloroinou 
Oéc0at Bovropév@ ein. Kal ToTe 81) Ipoxdos 
éTs paAXov 4) TpoTEpov THY llepody meipay 
biéBarnre, pérew TE avTois iaxupivero bTres 81 
To “Popaiov KpaTos opiow avtois @sS aapané- 
orate, T poo TOUow@VvTa. Kal yvepny an épawve 
THY pev elpnvny avrois avrixa 7) para mepa- 
ver Oat, avipas dé TOUS mpatouvs xk Bacthéws er 
auth orehnecOat, ods 67 denjoet muvOavoper@ Te 
KaBd8» Kal 6 te Set? tHy éarroinow Xoopoy 

1 SiaroyiCerbe edd.: diadroylCerbar VPW,- d:adroylfeo bat 


éxeiot G. 


* bet P: 39 VG. 
ae 


—— eS oe ee 


he 


\ 


COC 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xi. 17-22 


but this embassy openly and straight from the very 
first words means to make this Chosroes, whoever 
he is, the adopted heir of the Roman» Emperor. 
For I would have you reason thus in this matter: by 
nature the possessions of fathers are due to their 
sons and while the laws among all men are always 
in conflict. with each other by reason of their varying 
nature, in this matter both among the Romans and 
among all barbarians they are in agreement and 
harmony with each other, in that they declare sons 
to be masters of their fathers’ inheritance. Take 
this first resolve if you choose: if you do you must 
agree to all its consequences.” 

Thus spoke Proclus; and the emperor and his 
nephew gave ear to his words and deliberated upon 
what should be done. In the meantime Cabades 
sent another lettér also to’ the Emperor Justinus, 
asking him to send men of repute in order to establish 
peace witn him, and to indicate by letter the manner 
in which it would be his desire to accomplish the 
adoption of his son. And then, indeed, still more 
than before Proclus decried the ‘attempt of ‘the 
Persians, and insisted that their concern was to make 
over to themselves as securely as possible the Roman 
power. And he proposed as his opinion that the peace 
should’ be concluded with them with all possible 
speed, and that the noblest men should be sent 
by the emperor for this purpose ; and that these men 
must answer plainly to Cabades, when he enquired 
in what manner the adoption of Chosroes should be 


89 


24 


28 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


yevéc Oar, Siappndny amoxpivacOar Str Set} ws 
BapBdpe mpoarxe, dnrOav? Ste od ypadypacw 
ot BapRapot tovs traidas <és>movoivTar, aXW 
a fal LA rf A - 
étwv oKevH. oTw® Toivyy Tods mpéc Bers 
"lovotivos Bacikeds arerépapato, avipas Tods 
‘Papaiwr apiotous &verGat odiow ovd« és paxpav 
brocxopevos, of Ta Te Aphl TH elpivy Kal TO 
Xocpon ws apicta S1oixjoovtat. ypappact Te 
KaBdadnv Kxata tairo jyeipato.  otédXovTat 
tolvuy éx pev ‘Popaiwy “Tradtios, “Avactagiou 
lal , , > lol a a4 
Tod mpanv BeBacirevKotos adedPioops, TATPLKLOS 
Te Kal apxiy THs &w Thy oTpaTnyioa éxov, Kal 
‘Povdivos 0 LiARavod mais, & Te TaTpiKiors avnp 
Soximos wat KaBdby é« tatépwy avtav® yva- 
pros €x Ilepcav b€ avnp dvvatétatos te Kal 
é£ovcia moAAH xXpe@pevos, dvopa; perv. Leoens, 
adpactaddpay cardvys 5é 70 akiwpa, Kai. Me- 
/ \ a / yy. b 4 “A \ 
Boens, THY TOD paylotpov exwv apxynv. of Oy 
és x@pov twa Evriovtes ds yRv thy “Pepaiov 
te kal Ilepo@y Svopifer, addjrous, Te Evyyivo- 
pevor erpaccoy bras Ta Te Sidhopa Siadvaovar 
\ \ > \ a 2s. 2 / \ 
Kal Ta ahi TH elpnyn ev Oncovtat.. Ke dé Kal 
Xogpons és trotapov Tiypyy, ds d.26Xews Neoi- 
a € toa 
Bidos Svexer dvoiy juepaw 060 pdduorta, bas, 
émevoay TA &s THY cipHUny éxaTépors SoKH ws Gpl- 
»” Mek 3 / I \ 
ota éxew, avtTos és Bufaytiov oTéXXOLTO. TOAAOL 
pev ovv Kal Gddou Adyou Tpos auhotépwv. Lmep 
Tov év ohior diaddpov ééyorTo, kal yay Oe THY 
1 Sef Haury :; 8) MSS. 2 SnAGy bri VG: Snrovdri PW. 
3 aitav Haury: a’ra VGH, airod P. 


go 


- 
ee ee 2! ere 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xi. 22-28 


accomplished, that it must be of the sort befitting a 
barbarian, and his meaning was that the barbarians 
adopt sons, not by a document, but by arms and 
armour! Accordingly the Emperor Justinus dis- 
missed the envoys, promising that men who were the 
noblest of the Romans would follow them not long 
afterwards, and that they would arrange a settlement 
regarding the peace and regarding Chosroes in the 
best possible way. He also answered Cabades by 
letter to the same effect. Accordingly there were 
sent from the Romans Hypatius, the nephew of 
Anastasius, the late emperor, a patrician who also 
held the office of General of the East, and Rufinus, 
the son of Silvanus, a man of note among. the 


_ patricians and known to Cabades through their 


fathers ; from the Persians came one of great power 
and high authority, Seoses by name, whose title was 
adrastadaran salanes, and Mebodes, who held the 
office of magister. These men came together at a 
certain spot which is on the boundary line between 
the land of the Romans and the Persians; there they 
met and negotiated, as to how they should do away 
with their differences and settle effectually the 
question of the peace. Chosroes also came to the 
Tigris River, which is distant from the city of Nisibis 
about two days’ journey, in order that, when the 
details of the peace should seem to both parties to be 
as well arranged as possible, he might betake himself 
in person to Byzantium. Now many words were 
spoken on both sides touching the differences 
between them, and in particular Seoses made 
mention of the land of Colchis, which is now called 


1 i.e. ‘by force,” 


gli 


30 


31. 


oy 
NG 


3: 


we 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Konryida 1) viv Aakixn émixareitar Yedons eee 
Tlepodv xatyKoov 1d avéxabev odvoav Biaca- 
pévous oye ovdert “Pwpyaiovs eye. TavTa 
‘Pwpaio. axovcavtes Sewa érrowodyto, it Kat 
Aatixn mpos Tlepoay avtiréyorto. émet dé Kat 
Thy éomroinow ehacKkov Seiv yevdrOar Xoopon 
ovTws aaotep BapBdpw tTpoonker, ovK aveKTa 
Tlépoais &okev civar. Exdtepoi odv dradvOévtes 
ém’ olkou avexopnoav, Kal Xoopons ampaxtos 
mos TOV, TATEPA ATL@V WXETO, Tepe@duvds Te OV 
Tos Evpmecodor kal “Pwpaiovs evyopevos Tis 
és attov UBpews ticacOar. 

Mera 8€ MeBodns pév Tov Ledonv déBadrre 
KaBdén, as 8% éeEeritndes, od of éemitetaypévov 
mpos Tov dSeatréTov, Tov Aatixns NOyov mpobein, 
THY etpyuny Eexpovov ‘Yratio Te wowonroynaa- 
pevos mporepov, ds ca) Baorret T@ oikei@ edvoikas 
os Terra exov THY TE elpnyny ‘wan thv XKoopoou 
éomoinow épyo émiTenh) ovK én ryevéo Ban, mora 
dé Kal dda KaTHYyopobyTES 06 ex Opol Tov LYedonv 
és Oixny éxddovr. Hepa dv pev obv % Bovns) 
Evuraca pldve padXov y) voy Evverheypévor 
edixafov. TH Te yap apxh ov EvvePopévy 
cpicw avtois eT LEEDS AXP ovro Kal T TpoT~ 
TOU avdpos aheT@s elyov. iv yep 0 Leoons 
XPNMaT ov fev ad@potatos Kal Tod Suxaiou ere- 
HEANTHS axpiBéoraros, drakovetas dé voow €xo- 
MEVOS ovdey opoiws Tots addous dvOparrors. 
Evyves pev yap eivat Soxet Tots: Ilepooy ap- 
Xovar TOUTS yer ev SE TH Ledon Kal avtol Porto 


g2 


eee ee 


od 


Pi 


’ 
ee” tts! 





EO 


Ss Se 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xi. 28-33 


Lazica, saying that it had been subject to the 
Persians from of old and that the Romans had taken 
it from them by violence and held it on no just 
grounds. When the Romans heard this, they were 
indignant to think that even Lazica should be 
disputed by the Persians. And when they in turn 
stated that the adoption of Chosroes must take place 
just.as is proper for a barbarian, it seemed to the 
Persians unbearable. The two parties therefore 
separated and departed homeward, and Chosroes 
with nothing accomplished was off to his father, 
deeply injured at what had taken place and vowing 
vengeance on the Romans for their insult to him. 
After this Mebodes began to slander Seoses_ to 
Cabades, saying that he had proposed the discussion 
of Lazica purposely, although he had not. been in- 
structed to do so by his master, thereby frustrating 
the peace, and also that he had had words previously 
with Hypatius, who was by no means well-disposed 
toward his own sovereign and was trying to prevent 
the conclusion of peace and the adoption of Chosroes ; 
and many other accusations also were brought for- 
ward by the enemies of Seoses, and he was summoned 
to trial. Now the whole Persian council gathered 
to sit in judgment moved more by envy than by 
respect for the law. For they were thoroughly 
hostile to: his office, which was unfamiliar to them, 
and also were embittered by the natural temper of 
the man. For while Seoses was a man quite im- 
possible to bribe, and a most exact respecter of 
justice, he was afflicted with a degree of arrogance 
not to be compared with that of any other. This 
quality, indeed, seems to be inbred in the Persian 
officials, but in Seoses.even they thought that the 


93 


36 


- 97 


~ 


38 


= 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


imeppuds és ta padwota 70 mdOos dKmaoa. 
éreyor 8€ of KaTryopol TadTa Te AmrEp [LoL Tpodbe- 
dprotar Kal os Hxiota TH avOpor@ Bovropév@ 
ein €v TO KaleoTtaTL TpoTw Biotevey % Tept- 
oTéh\Acew Ta Lepody vomsma. Kawd Te yap 
avrov daipovia céBew Kai TerevTHcacav evaryxos 
Ti yuvaika Odryar, amepnpévov tois Tlepady 
VOMOLS YR KpUTTEVY ToTe TA TOY VvEKPaV T@paTa. 
e \ 5S \ / n >’ Saks Bd 
ot pev ovy Sixactai Odvatov tod avOpwrov 
Katéyvocav, KaBadns 5 domep pev Evvadyoovte 
ate dito TO Ledon edne, é&erhécOar dé avrov 
ovdapueh HOerXev. od pay od8€ Stu adtov Sv dpyhs 
éyou éiveycev, GANA TO ROO Tmapanvew TOUS 
Ilepo@v vopovs ote éBovreTo, Kaitep Cwdypia 
TO avOpara odeirav, éret of Leoons aiti@Tatos 
yéyove Bidvai te al Bacirel civar. obtw pev 0 
Leoons Kkatayvocbels €& avOporav Hddvcrto. 
» S€ apyn €& adtod apEaywévn és avtov éTedev- 
THOEV. ETEPOS Yap Tis adpacTaddpay caddyys 
ovoels yéyove. Kai ‘Poudivos b¢ “Tratiov és 
Bacthéa SiéBarre. 81d 5) avtov te Tapédvce 
THs apyns Bacirevs, Kal Tov of éreTHnSei@v TiWds 
TIKPOTATA AiKioapmevos OvdeY byes ev TAaUTH TH 
dtaBorh TO Tapatav edpe, Kady pévTor ovdev 
‘Yardtiov ado eipydocaro. i 


XII s 
Kvdvs 8€ KaBdéys, kalrrep év omovdy éyov 
eo Bory twa és tév “Pwopaiwy roeioBar Thy yy, 
ovdaph loyvoev, erel adte évavtiapa Tovde 
94 


—e 








mit Settee: «i 





a. 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, T. xi. 33-xii. 1 


indlady had developéd to an altogether extraordinary 
degree. So his accusers said all those things which 
have been indicated above, and added to this that 
the man was by no means willing te live in the 
established fashion or to uphold the institutions of 
the Persians. For he both reverenced strange 
divinities, and lately, when his wife had died, he 
had buried her, though it was forbidden by the laws 
of the Persians-ever to hide in the earth the bodies 
of the dead.. The judges therefore condemned the 
man to death, while Cabades, though seeming to be 
deeply moved with sympathy as a friend of Seoses, 
was by no means willing to rescue him, He did not, 
on the other hand, make it known that he was angry 


_ with him, but, as he said, he was not willing to undo 


the laws of the Persians, although he owed theman the 
price of his life, since Seosés was chiefly responsible 
both forthe fact that he was alive and also that he 
was king.’ Thus, then, Seoses was condemned and 
was removed from among mien. And the office 
which began with him ended also with him. For no 
other man has been made adrastadaran salanes. 
Rufinus. also slandered Hypatius to the emperor. 
As a result of this the emperor reduced him from 
his. office, and tortured most cruelly certain of his 
associates only to find out that this slander was 
absolutely unsound ; beyond this, however, he did 
Hypatius no harm, 


XII. 


_ IMMEDIATELY after this, Cabades, though eager to, 
make some kind of an invasion into the land of the 
Romans, was utterly unable to do so on account of 


95 


N 


or 


=~] 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


EvynvéxOn yevéoOar. “IBnpes of ev tH Aoia 
oiKovat m pos avtais mov Tais Kaomiats iSpuvtat 
mats, aimep avtois eict pos Boppav dvepov. 


Kal avT@y “év apiotepa ev exomevn 7pos Tas 


yriov dvopas Aakixyn éotuv, év SeEa dé mpos 
avicxyovta Hruov Ta Ilepo@y €Ovy. ovTOS o News 
Xpictiavoi. té eior kal Ta vopupa THs Sons 
gurdooovel TavTns TavTeV padtota avOpeTraVv 
av hers toper, KaTHKOOL pévTot ex Tahaod TOD 
Tlepody Baciréws TUyXavovew vTes. TOTE 5é 
avtous 70eXe KaBadns és Ta vo pura THS avTov 
60&ys Buaber Par. kal avT@V TO Baciret Toup- 
yévn emeaTENNE Ta TE ddha T OLE n Tlépoae 
vopifover Kal Tous vex povs ™T YN OS iyxtora 
KpUTTELY, GAN Gpvict TE pumret Kal Kuo 
dmavras. do on T oupyévns Tpooxapely *Tov- 
orlv Baciret HOerX€ Ta TE mua a néiov raBetv 
@S OUTTOTE “T8npas. KATAT poyoovTat Tlépaaus 
‘Pwpain. o 5€ tadta Te avT@ Evv mpoOvpia 
Torn €didov Kai IlpoBov tov "Avacraciov TOU 
BeBacidevndros adehprbodv, avipa, TaTpixvov, 
Ebv XPnpace ToANols €s Boomopov Erreurper, ep 
@ orpdrevpa Ovvver Xpipwacw avaTeioas © 
“TBnpot meuyn és Evppaxtav. eor dé TONS 
émBaraccia % Boomopos, év apiotepad uev 
éomAéovTe TOV Evgewvov Kahovpevov méovro; Xep- 
cGvos dé moXEws, 7) ys THs ‘Popatov éaxaTn 
éo7w, 05 biéxovea pepo elxoow. @v 6 Ta 
é€v peop dmavra Odvvoe eXovow. ot 8€ Boozro- 
pitas avTovopor Mev TO TandaLov @Kouv, ‘Tova tive 
bé Baoirel &vayxos mpocxwpety Eyvwacav, rel 


g6 


_—  —— oe 


T= 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xii. 1-9 


the following obstacle which happened to arise. 
The Iberians, who live in Asia, are settled in the 
immediate neighbourhood of the Caspian Gates, 
which lie to the north of them. Adjoining them 
on the left towards the west is Lazica, and on the 
right towards the east are the Persian peoples. 
This nation is Christian and they guard the rites of 
this faith more closely than any other men known 
to us, but they have been subjects of the Persian 
king, as it happens, from ancient times. And just 
then Cabades was desirous of forcing them to adopt 
the rites of his own religion. And he enjoined upon 
their king, Gourgenes, to do all things as the 
Persians are accustomed to do them, and in 


particular not under any circumstances to hide 


their dead in the earth, but to throw them 
all to the birds and dogs. For this reason, then, 
Gourgenes wished to go over to the Emperor Jus- 
tinus, and he asked that he might receive pledges 
that the Romans would never abandon the Iberians 
to the Persians. And the emperor gave him these 
pledges with great eagerness, and he sent Probus, 
the nephew of the late emperor Anastasius, a man 
of patrician rank, with a great. sum of money. to 
Bosporus, that he might win over with money an army 
of Huns and send them. as allies to the Iberians. 
This Bosporus is a city by the sea, on the left as one 
sails into the so-called Euxine Sea, twenty days’ 
journey distant from the city of Cherson, which is 
the limit of the Roman territory. Between these 
cities everything is held by the Huns. Now in 
ancient times the people of Bosporus were autono- 
mous, but lately they had decided to become subject 
to the Emperor Justinus. Probus, however, departed 


97 
VOL, I, H 


10 


ll 


12 


13 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


dé IIpdBos évOévde ampaxtos aveywpnae, Tlétpov 
otpatnyov adv Ovvvos troly és Aabixny Bace- 
Reds Crreurwe Toupyévn bon Svvapis Evppayn- 
govta. év TovT@ 5é KaBadns otpatevpa Noyou 
modrod akéiov émi te LTovpyévny Kai “lBypas 
bg \ \ »” / > / 
éreuwe kal atpatnyov avdpa Iléponv, obapifny 
pev To akiopa, Bony bé dvowa. 6 te Toupyévns 
erdooov odbels i) hépew tiv Tlepoav éehodor, 
> , e Bey ¢ 7 > e \ * \ ? / 
érret of Ta Ex Pawpaiwy ovx ixava jv, Edy 1Bnpev 
a é iid > A \ ” . 1 / 
Tots Noyipous atracw es Aalixny épvye,’ THY 
Te yuvaixa Kal tovs maidas Edy tois adedpois 
> , 2 \ / ¢ 7 
érrayouevos, @v On Ilepavwos 0 mpeaRvtatos Hv. 
év 88 trois Aakixijs oplous yevowevor Euevov, Tats 
/ / \ te € 
te Svcywpias ppakdpwevor tods torepuiovs bdi- 
oTavTo. Tepes bé avrois eT LOT OMEVOL ovdey 6 


Tt Kal Aoyou aEvov em pagaov, TOU mpdry watos 


14 


15 


16 


17 


odios dia Tas Suoxwpias a aVTLOTATODVTOS. 
"Evevta be ol Te "I 8npes és Budvtrvov mape- 
ryévovTO: wal Tlérpos és Bacthéa perdrepmros 
re, Kal TO NoLTroV Bacireds Aafgots ov Bovno- 
pévous Evppurdocerv THY xopav n€iov, otpa- 
Teva TE ral Etpnvaiov apyovta méprpas. éore 
dé  povpra ey Aatots dv0 evOds elovovre éx TOY 
"I Rnpias opiov, av i puracn Tots émex@plous €x 
Taraov emepedys 7, Kaltrep Tadavropia TOANF 
EX OMEVOLS, érrel ore atTos evravla oUTE oivos OUTE 
adro Te ayabov yiveTau. ov pay ovoé TL érépaobev 
eoxopiler Ba Sia THY orevoxwpiay oloy Té €oTL, 
ote wn hepovtav avOpeTrav. évpors pevTor Tro 


1 Zpuye edd.: pedye: MSS. 


“98 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xii. 9-17 


from there without accomplishing his mission, and 
the emperor sent Peter as general with some Huns 
to Lazica to fight with all their strength for 
Gourgenes. Meanwhile Cabades sent a very con- 
siderable army against Gourgenes and the Iberians, 
and as general a Persian bearing the title of “ varizes,” 
Boes by name. Then it was seen that Gourgenes 


_ was too weak to withstand the attack of the Persians, 


for the help from the Romans was insufficient, and 
with all the notables of the Iberians he fled to Lazica, 


_ taking with him his wife and children and also his 


i rt eed 


brothers, of whom Peranius was the eldest. And 
when they had reached the boundaries of Lazica, they 
remained there, and, sheltering themselves by the 
roughness of the country, they took their stand against 


_the enemy. And the Persians followed after them 
but did nothing deserving even of mention since the -— 


circumstance of the rough country was against them. 

Thereafter the Iberians presented themselves at 
Byzantium and Petrus came to the emperor at. his 
summons ; and from then on the emperor demanded 
that he should assist the Lazi to guard their country, 
even against their will, and he sent an army and 
Eirenaeus in command of it. Now there are two 
fortresses in Lazica! which one comes upon imme- 
diately upon entering their country from the 
boundaries of Iberia, and the defence of them had 
been from of old in charge of the natives, although 
they experienced great hardship in this matter ; for 
neither corn nor wine nor any other good thing is 
produced there. Nor indeed’ can anything be 
carried in from elsewhere on account of the narrow- 
ness of the paths, unless it be carried by men. 


1 Cf. Book VIII. xiii, 15. 
099 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


evtadda yuyvopévors elOta pévov opiow of Aatol 
18 darofhy toxXvov. TOUTOUS eCavarricas évO vide 
Bactreds Tovs poupovs, oTparTi@ras ‘Pepatous 
éxéXevey él TH pudach Tov ppoupiav Kabi- 


19 ctac0a. ols 8 KaT “pyes pev emuT poeta ae . 
Vv 


Aafoi Epepov, vartepoy. avtol TE mpos T 
moupyiay ameimov Kal ‘Popaior Ta. dpovpia 
TadTa é&éAuTrov, of te [époa Tove avuTa o eh 
éoxov. Tradta pev év Aagois yéyove. ee 
20 ‘Pepaior dé, Lirra Te Kal Bedcapiov soni 
péveov ahiow; és Tepoappeviav THV Hepoay 
KaTHKOOV ea Barbovres Xepav Te Torry éXni- 
cavTo Kal "A ppevio mapmohv TrIOOS avépa- 
21 modioayres dmexeopnoar. TOUT@ dé Tm davdpe 
veavia peyv Kal Tp@tov vrnvnta Horny, "Tovart- 
vavod é otparnyob Sopud dpa, Os on xpovep 
bo Tepov Eby lovetive TO Dei THY Bactretav 
Eaxev. érépas dé és Rodis ‘Pepatoes és *Ap- 
peviay yevernperns Napojs Te kal, Apatios Tapa 
22 bofav_ UmavTiacayres és xelpas 7 Oov. of ov 
TOAA® VoTEpoy €s “Popatous TE avToponor ixovro 
cal Eup Beioapi és ‘Itadiav éorparevaay,, TOTE 
pévToL Tots appl Lirray Te Kal BeAtodéptov Eup- 
23 Banovtes TO TAEOV éaxov. eiaéBare S5é Kab 
appt qTONLY NiotBw arn Sane ive aS 
AiBerdpios é« Opduns per. 2 pevryovres 
evOumpov THY dvaxapnow Seclpoaste Kaltrep 
24 ovdevos odiow erreEvovTos. 810 8 AtBeXdptov 
pev mapéhuae THS apxXns Bacrrets, Behugdptov 
dé apxovra KaTahoyov tov év Adpas Kateorn- 
gato. Tote 6n avT@ EvpBovros npéOn Ilpoxomios 
Os Tae Evvéyparpe. 
Too 


4 
: 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xii. 17-24 


However, the Lazi were able to live on a certain 
kind of millet which grows there, since they were 


accustomed ‘to it. These garrisons the emperor” 


removed from the place and commanded that Roman 
soldiers should be stationed there to guard the for- 
tresses... And at first the Lazi with difficulty brought 
in provisions for these soldiers, but later they gave 
up the service and the Romans abandoned these 
forts, whereupon the Persians with no trouble took 
possession of them. This then happened in Lazica. 
And the Romans, under the leadership of Sittas 
and Belisarius, made an inroad into Persarmenia, a 
territory subject to the Persians, where they plundered 
a large tract of country and then withdrew with a 


great multitude of Armenian captives. These two 


men were both youths and wearing their first beards,! 
body-guards of the general Justinian, who later 
shared the empire with his: uncle Justinus. But 
when a second inroad had been made by the Romans 
into. Armenia, Narses and Aratius unexpectedly 
confronted. them and. engaged them in battle... These 
men not Jong after t his came to the Romans as 
deserters, and made the expedition to Italy with 
Belisarius ; but on the present occasion they joined 
battle with the forces of Sittas and Belisarius and 
gained the advantage over them. An invasion was also 


made near the city of Nisibis by another Roman army 


under command of Libelarius of Thrace. This army 
retired abruptly in flight although no one came out 
against them. And because of this the emperor 
reduced Libelarius from his office and appointed 
Belisarius commander of the troops in Daras. It was 


at that time that Procopius, who wrote this history, 


y, 


was chosen as his adviser. 
1 Cf. Iliad xxiv. 348 ; Odyssey x. 279. Tor 


527 a.p. 


_ 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


XIII — 


X povep 5€ ob TOAA@ bartepov Tova tivos Bast- 
éa TOV adAguboiv. “Tovetunavov Evy avT@ avet- 
Tev éTeXeUTHCE, Kal aT avTod és povov ‘lovaTe- 
viavov % Bacirela HrOev.  odTOS "Tova rweavos 
éxédeve Bede dpioy Setpac bar  povptov év @ 
Mivéovos, 6 } mpos avrots €or Tots Tlepody opiois, 
év apuarepa és NiowBw idvte. 6 per, obv orovo} 
TONG Ta Baowret Sofavta émitenH érrolel, TO TE 
XU papa. és typos 78n Todvavbporia TeXviTav 
npeto. Llépoa dé arreitrov #3) oixodoupoaa bat 
TEPALTEPO pndév, ov Doyous Movov, ada Kal Tots 
Epyaus dvaxohutal amrethoovTes ovK €S paKpav 
évea Oar. TavTa émel. Bacirevs jKovgev (ov yap 
oios TE yy Bersoapios Ilépcas évOévde TO Tapovre 
oTpaT@ dmoxpovea@ar), adv Te OTpAaTLAY emMHry- 
yedrev avToce tévat Kal KovrSnv Te Kab Bovtny, 
of TOY év AvBave oTparLoT ay HpXov TOTE. TOUT 
dé Behe pev ék Opens HoTny, vew de apo 
kal ov Edv TO aa panet Tots Toneputots ets Mord 
iovTe. ExdTEpor pev ovy Evdreyevtes | él THY 
oixodouiay aOpoot jeoar,' Tlépoar pev adriny 
TavTl aBéver Sraxwdtoovres, ‘Pepaior dé Tots 
TEKTALVOMEVOLS émapuvoovtes. paxns 6€ Kap- 
TEpas yevouevns Hhoodvrat ‘Peopator, povos TE 
avTov Todds yeyore, Tuvas dé kal eCooypno ay ot 
TONE [LOL. av TOUTOLS iy eal Kourfns. ods 
oi lépaat & dmavras és Ta oiketa HON amayaryovTes, 
SnoavTes TE Tov * dmavTa xpovov év omnratep 
xabeipEay, «al tod dpovpiov Thy olxodoulay 


1 feoay Braun: foav MSS. 
102 


"rT S 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xiii. 1-8 


XIII 


Nor long after this Justinus, who had declared Apr. 1, 52% 

his nephew Justinian emperor with him, died, and Aug. 1, 52 
thus the empire came to Justinian alone. — This 
Justinian commanded Belisarius to build a fortress 
in a place called Mindouos, which is over against 
the very boundary of Persia, on the left as one 
goes to Nisibis. He accordingly with great haste 
began to carry out the decision of the emperor, 
and the fort was already rising to a considerable 
height by reason of the great number of artisans. 
But the Persians forbade them to build any further, 
threatening that, not with words alone but also with 
_ deeds, they would at no distant time obstruct the 
work. When the emperor heard this, inasmuch. as 
Belisarius was not able to beat off the Persians from 
the place with the army he had, he ordered another 
army to go thither, and also Coutzes and Bouzes, who 
at that time commanded the soldiers in Libanus.! 
_ These tyo were brothers from Thrace, both young 
and inclined to be rash in engaging with the enemy. 
: So both armies were gathered together and came 
in full force to the scene of the building operations, 
the Persians in order to hinder. the work with all 
their power, and the Romans to defend the labourers. 
And a fierce battle took place in which the Romans 
were defeated, and there was a great slaughter of 
them, while some also were made captive by the 
enemy. Among these was Coutzes himself. All 
these captives the Persians led away to their own 
‘country, and, putting them in chains, confined them 
permanently in a cave; as for the fort, since no 





1 Lebanon. 


103 





10 


11 


12 


13 


14 


15 


16 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


ovdevos &tt auvvopuévou eis eahos xabetrov. 
“Torepoy dé Bacirevs “love tiviavos oTpatnyov 
Ths &@ Beduodpiov KaTactTna dpevos, orparevely 
éml Ilépcas éxéXevev. 0 8 otpatiavy Rdyou 
ToAnod akiay ayeipas és Adpas Oe. Kai of 
“Eppoyérns Evvdvaxocunoc@y tov otpatov ék 
Bacthéws adixeto, TO TOD payiotpov akiopa 
éxwv, 0s Bitadiav@ rapydpeve mpotepov Hvika 
Baoiet “Avactacip toréuwos jv. Kal “Pov- 
divoy dé mpecBeutnv Bacireds éreuev, dv 57 ev 


‘lepatrorer TH pds TO Eddhpadtyn motape@ pévew, 


éws avTos onpnvyn, éxédeve. Doyou yap Hon 
Todrol appotépots audi TH eipynvyn éeyivorTo. 
bd / / c 4 > fine 
advw dé tis Bedicapip te Kal “Eppoyéver amny- 
e / > 4 > / /, ? 3 
yerrev as Ilépoar éoBddrewv érridokoi eiow és 
ynv tHhv “Popaimy, tod Adpas aipnoew év 
amovon Exovtes. of 6€ TadTa aKxovoayTes TA és 
\ / > 4 e el 4 
THY mapatatw é—Enptvovto ade. THS murs i) 
TONEWS NuoiBedos KATAVTLKPU KElTAL Ov waKpay 
amrobev, aXX” bcov ALBov Bornp, Tadpov Babeidv 
Twa Bpufav, die ddous mos (exovear. OUK 
ér’ evOeias pévTot 7 Ttadpos ioe o Op@puUKTO, aAXa 
TpoTr@ TOI@OE. KATA ev TO pecov Spaxetd tus 
éyeyover evOeia, éd’ éxdtepa dé auras opbai 
Kepatat mem olnvro dv0, & Te Ta Té Ta Tal 
opOaiv Kepaiary adOis Tas Tappous él TrEioTOV 
evOeias eEfyov. of wev oov Tépoas ovK és waKkpay 
oTpaT@ TONG mprbov, év TE "Appodios @pl 
TONEWS Adpas HETPD elKOGL oradioy améyovtt, 
éoTpatoTedevoavto adtavtes. apyovtes 5€ aAXor 


104 





-—- 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xiii. 8-16 


one defended it any longer, they razed what had - 


been built to the ground. 
After this the Emperor Justinian appointed 


Belisarius General of the East and bade him make 


an expedition against the Persians. | And he collected 
a very formidable army and came to Daras. Her- 
mogenes also came to him, from the emperor to 
assist in setting the army in order, holding the 
office of magister ; this man was formerly counsellor 
to Vitalianus at the time when he was at war with 
the Emperor Anastasius. The emperor also sent 
Rufinus as ambassador, commanding him to remain 
in Hierapolis on the Euphrates River until he 
himself should give the word. For already much 


was being said on both sides concerning peace. - 
_ Suddenly, however, someone reported to Belisarius 


and Hermogenes that the Persians were expected 
to invade the land of the Romans, being eager to 
capture. the city of Daras. And when they heard 
this, they prepared. for the battle as follows. Not 
far from the gate which lies opposite the city 
of Nisibis, about a stone’s throw away, they dug 
a deep trench with many passages across it. Now 
this trench was not dug in a straight line, but in 
the following manner. In the middle there was 


_ a rather short portion straight, and at either end 


of this there were dug two cross trenches at right 
angles to the first ; and starting from the extremities 
of the two cross trenches; they continued two straight 
trenches in the original direction to a very great 
distance. Not long afterwards the Persians came 
with a great army, and all of them made camp in a 
place called Ammodios, at a distance of twenty 
stades from the city of Daras. Among the leaders 


105 


July, 
530 


17 


18 


19 


21 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


te hoav Kal Ilituaéns Kal Bapeopavas érepo- 
dOarpos. otpatnyos 5é els adtacw éedhevotyxer, 
Ilépons avyp, prppavns ev 70 akimpa (ott@ yap 
Thy apxnv Kkarovor Ilépcar), Tlepofns 5é dvopa. 
ds 6 adtixa Tapa Berwodpiov téyapas TO Bada- 
velov év TapacKkevn éxédeve TroveicOat odaOar 
yap oi évtav0a 7h vorepala Bovropévo elvat. 
810 6% ‘Pwpaior ta és THY EvpBorny KapTepo- 
TaTa eEnptvovto, @s npépa Th émuyevnoopevyn 
paKOUmEvot. 

“Apa Te Mo avicxovTL TOUS ToNepulous éml 
odds mpoiovras opavres érdgavto @de. €v0eias 
pev Ta éoxara TRS apiorepas 4 evepOev av TAS 
opOiis Kepatas peéexpe és TOV Aopov ds TavTy 
avéxet, Bovfys elye Evv immedor ToNots Kal 
Papas "Epouros Evy oporyevéoe Tpraxoatous év 
defiad 6 atltav THs Tadpouv éxTds KaTa THY 
yoviay iv h Te 6p0) Kepaia kai % évOévde edOeia 
érroiet, Louvikas te Av kal Aiyav, Macoayétas 
yévos, Evy inmedow Eaxoctos, Smws, Hv ot te 
appl Bovfny | kal Pdpay TpaTetev, avTol TaryLoe 
Kara TAXOS tovtes KaTa VOTO Te TOD Tohepieov 
ryLv0[LeVvoL toils éxelvn ‘Pepators a apibver EUTETOS 
dvvevTaL. éml Odrepa dé TpOoTe TS avt@ ereTa- 
Xaror Tis pev yap evdeias TA éoxara immeis, Ton- 
dol eixov, ov ‘T@avens te 0 Nexntov Tpxe Kal 
Kupirr0s Te wal Mapxe)nos- Evviv de avTois ral 
Teppavos kat Awpobeos: és yoviav dé TH év 
Sefud inmels érdEavro éEaxdovor, Ov Lippas Te Kal 





L ee formation. 
Z 8 


Ss oS = 2 ———__, 4 i 


Hill a moins 5. Ee ay 





106 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xiii. 16-21 


of this army were Pityaxes and the one-eyed Bares- 


manas. But one general held command over them 
all, a Persian, whose title was “mirranes”’ (for thus 
the Persians designate this office), Perozes by name. 
This Perozes immediately sent to Belisarius bidding 
him make ready the bath: for he wished to 
bathe there on the following day.. Accordingly the 
Romans. made the most vigorous preparations for 
the encounter, with the expectation that they would 
fight on the succeeding day. 

At sunrise, seeing the enemy advancing against 
them, they arrayed themselves as follows! The 
extremity of the left straight trench which 
joined the cross trench, as far as the hill which . 
rises here, was held by Bouzes with a large force 
of horsemen and by Pharas the Erulian with three 
hundred of his nation. On the right of these, out- 
side the trench, at the angle formed by the cross 
trench and the straight section which extended from 
that point, were Sunicas and Aigan, Massagetae by 
birth, with six. hundred horsemen, in order that, 
if those under Bouzes and Pharas should be driven 
back, they might, by moving quickly on the flank, 
and getting in the rear of the enemy, be able easily 
to support the Romans at that point. On the other 
wing also they were arrayed in the same manner; 
for the extremity of the straight trench was held 
by a large force of horsemen, who were commanded 
by John, son of Nicetas, and by Cyril and Marcellus ; 
with them also were Germanus and Dorotheus ; 
while at the angle on the right six hundred horse- 
men took their stand, commanded by Simmas and 





a—a, trench, 


. Bouzes and Pharas. 2. Sunicas and Aigan. 
x John, Cyril, Marcellus, Germanus, and Dorotheus. 
4. Simmas and Ascan. 5. Belisarius and Hermogenes. 


107 


28 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


*"Ackav Macoayérar 7 ApXovs iva, bmep elpntat, TOV 
appt Tov “Iwmdvynv tpeTopévor, dv ovTe TUXD 
avtol évOévde éfaviotapuevor Kata va@rou Tay 
Tepe ay i iwot. Travtayh dé THS Tadpov ot Te Tov 
imméav KaTarOYOL Kal o mretos oTpatos ioTato. OV 
5) dmvabev ot Te appt Bedtodpiov ral “Epporyévny 
KaTa pécous elo THREAD. oe ev ‘Popator és 
TEVTAKLOXLALOUS TE Kal dio puptous Evyvovtes era- 
EavTo, Mepody dé 6 orpartos puprddes pev téo- 
capes imméwv TE Kal meC@v oa, epebiis dé 
am@avres petorndov i ioTavTo, @s Babutatov Ths 
parayyos TO (petwrrov TOLNT OMeVOL. Xpovov pev 
obv ToAvY payns és addahous ovdéerepor ™PXOV; 
arra Gavpafouat Te TV ‘Popateoy evKoo play 
Tlépoae é épxeray Kal 6 TL XpHoovtar Tols Tapod- 
ow aT opoupEevors. 

Ths be Hpépas: api dein oyriav poipa TLS 
TOV imm@éov ot Képas TO deEov eixon, am@oaXe- 
obévres Tov dAXov oTpatod, rots appt BovSnv 
Te Kal PDdpav érHrOov. oi dé 6 oriow kata Bpayd 
bmexopnoay. Tlépoae dé avrovs OUK ediw€ar, 
arr avtod euevov, KUKA@CLY, oipat; Tpos TOV 
vt (ise Twa deloavtes. peta 6é ‘Popator pev 

i puyovtes ex Too aipvidtou ™ pos avTous dp- 
wna. ot be oux UTooTavTes THY Epodor o oTriow 
amnavvoy és THY parayya, Kal adbus of Te apdl 
BovSny Kal _Pdpav év XoOpa 7H oixelg eTaavTo. 
év TOUT TO py Tlepoav ema emerov, Ov 81 
TOV T@maTov ‘Pepaior éxparnoay, Kal TO Novmroy 
jouxatovres év Taker ExaTepor epuevov. els 6¢é 
avnp Tlépons. veavias, ayxXora tod ‘“Popaiwr 
oTpatov Tov immoy éddoas, TpovKadeito atavTas 


108 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xiii. 21-29 


Ascan, Massagetae, in order that, as has been said, 
in ease the forces of John should by any chance be 
driven back, they might move out from there and 
attack the rear of the Persians. Thus all along the 
trench stood the detachments of cavalry and the in- 
fantry. And behind these in the middle stood the 
forces of Belisarius and Hermogenes. Thus the 
Romans arrayed themselves, amounting to five-and- 
twenty thousand ; but the Persian army consisted of 
forty thousand horse and foot, and they all stood 
close together facing the front, so as to make the 
front of the phalanx as deep as possible. Then for 
a long time neither side began battle with the other, 
but the Persians seemed to be wondering at the 
good order of the Romans, and appeared at a loss 
what to do under the circumstances. 

In the late afternoon a certain detachment of the 
horsemen who held the right wing, separating them- 
selves from the rest of the army, came against the 
forces of Bouzes and Pharas. And the Romans 
retired a short distance to the rear. The Persians, 
however, did not pursue them, but remained there, 
fearing, I suppose, some move to surround them on 
the part of the enemy. Then the Romans who had 
turned to flight suddenly rushed- upon them. And 
the Persians did not withstand their onset and rode 
back to the phalanx, and again the forces of Bouzes 
and Pharas stationed themselves in their own 
position. In this skirmish seven of the Persians fell, 
and the Romans gained possession of their bodies ; 
thereafter both armies remained quietly. in position. 
But one Persian, a young man, riding up very close 
to the Roman army, began to challenge all of them, 


109 


30 


31 


32 


33 


34 


36 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


el tis of _Bovrorto és yeipas iévat. Kal TOV pev 
” ig n -\ / > / > / 
ad\Xov bTocthvar Tov Kivduvoy érorApa ovdeis, 
"Avdpéas 5é fv tis ev tots Bovfov oixetouw, ov 
OTPATLOTNS pev OVSE TL AGTKHTAS TOV KATA TOV 
TOAEMoV TaTOTE, TaLdoTpiAns Sé Kal TadaicTpa 
\ > "4 > 4 \ a 
Twi €v Bulavrip epeoTnKas. 510 8) Kal TO 
oTpaTe elmeto, ate Tov Bovfov TH LATOS év Bara- 
vei erripedovpevos, yévos 5é Bufavtvos 7 ip. ovTOS 
dponce povos, ote Bovfov ove ddXOV OTOVOdY 
emayyethavTos, avTOMaTos TO dvopame és povo- 
/ 3 / 
paxvay emefveva. (podoas dé tov BapBapov 
ete TepiakoTovpevov bn opushoerar, Tapa patov 
tov de&Lov TH SdpaTe Tale. oO O& TANYHY av- 
Spds iayupod diay ovK éveyxav €x Tod tmmou és 
” / \ fh: ? / /, 
&ados tirte. Kal aitov Avdpéas paxaipa tiwt 
Bpaxeig @oTrEp iepelov vmTiws Kelwevov eOvce, 
Kpavyn te Umeppuns éx te Tod mepiBodov Kal 
TOU ‘Popatwr oTpatomédou 7p. Tlépaac be 7 
yeyovore Tepradyijoavres éTepov els THY auTny 
mpatw i imméa calhcay, avd petov pey Kab peyedous 
THOLATOS mépe ev HKovTa, ov veaviay Oé, aGAXa Kal 
TLVaS TOY év TH Keparh TpLX@v ToNLov ovta. és 
57) Tapa TO TOY mrohepbeov oTpaTevpa eTLOV, emt 
Tela Tov dé Tv paoriya ceiwy % Tate TOV 
imtov ei@ler, ‘Popatov TOV Bovdopevor € és waynv 


5 éxdnet. ovdevos Sé oi émeELovTos, "Avdpéas avdus 


anavtas Nadav és péoov HrOe, caimep avT@ m™pos 
TOU “Eppoyévous amerpnwevov. apo yoov Tobs 
Sopaow és addjhous Ovp@ TOAD éxopevot 
Spuncav, kal td te Sdpata tots Owpakw épet- 


IIo 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xiii. 29-36 


calling for whoever wished to do battle with him. 
And no one of the whole army dared face the 
danger, except a certain Andreas, one of the personal 
attendants of Bouzes, not a soldier nor one who had 
ever practised at all the business of war, but a trainer 
of youths in charge of a certain wrestling school in 
Byzantium. Through this it came about that he was 
following the army, for he cared for the person of 
Bouzes in the bath; his birthplace was Byzantium. 
This man alone had the courage, without being 
ordered by Bouzes or anyone else, to go out of his 
own accord to meet the. man in single combat. And 
he caught the barbarian while still considering how 
he should deliver his attack, and hit him with his 
spear on the right breast. And the Persian did not 
bear the blow delivered by a man of such exceptional 
strength, and fell from his horse to the earth. Then 
Andreas with a small knife slew him like a sacrificial 
animal as he lay on his back, and a mighty shout was 
raised both from the city wall and from the Roman 
army. But the Persians were deeply vexed at the 
outcome and sent forth another horseman for the 
same purpose, a manly fellow and well favoured 
as to bodily size, but not a youth, for some 
of the hair on his head already shewed grey. This 
horseman came up along the hostile army, and, 
brandishing vehemently the whip with which he was 
accustomed to strike his horse, he summoned to 
battle whoever among the Romans was willing. And 
when no one went out against him, Andreas, without 
attracting the notice of anyone, once more came 
forth, although he had been forbidden to do so by 
Hermogenes. So both rushed madly upon each 


other with their spears, and the weapons, driven 


Tit 


37 


38 


39 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA | 


obévta Sewas amexpovabn ot Te trmoe és Tay 


Keparas add hows avyKxpovoavtes émecdy Te 
abtol kal tods émiBdtas améBadrov. tao be 


dvdpe TOUTW ayYloTad TH TEecOVTE GANAHAOLY 


eEaviocracbar omovon TOM aude imevyéaOnv, 
arn’ 0 bev Ilépons TobTO Spar, & dre ot TOD peyé- 
Oous a avriaTaToovTos, OUK eUTETOS eixen, “Avdpéas 
dé Tporepnaas (TobTo yap avT@ 7, KATA. THY 
TaraiaTpay perérn edidov) T@ TE yovare éEavi- 
oT dpevor avTov éturpe wal adbus els 70 edagos 
Tec ovTa ExTELVe. Kpavyn Te €k 700 Tet yous cal 
tod ‘Pepaiov otparod ovdév TL Hooov, eb py Kal 
padrov, npn Kab ot pev Mépoa és TO "Appedtos 
THY pdrayya Svahvoavres avexopnoar, oi 6e 
“Papator Tatavioayres évTos TOU meptBorou eyé- 
vovto. on yap Kal Evveckotafev. otTw Te 
appotepor THY vUKTA exeivnv NUNiGa’TO, ~— * 


XIV 


TH bé votepaia Mépoacs, peev TTPATLATAL pupior - 


ee N raiBidos TONES peTamenTeToL mrOov, Benu- 
odpLos dé cal “Eppoyéevns mos Meppavny eypanbay 
Tdoe, “ Iparov ayabov thy eipnvny elvat @poroyn- 
Tal mapa TavT@v avO porwr ois Te Kal Kata [7rd] 
Bpaxd Noyeo pod péTeoT LD. dare Hy Ts SvahuTs 
avris yévorro, TOV KaKov aitLoTaros ay ov Tots 
TéNAS MOVOV, GAA Kal Opoyevéot TOis av’Tod Ein. 
oT parayos pev obv ) apirtos ovTOS éxelvos eat, d¢ 
&n € kK TONE mou eipyyny SiariBec Oar i iKAaVOS TEPUKE. 
ov be TOV Tpayparav ev Kabeotorov ‘Pepaious 
te cal Ilépcais moXepov érayew Hpulv aitiav ovK 


It2 


ie see 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xiii. 36-xiv. 3 


against their corselets, were turned aside with 
mighty force, and the horses, striking together their 
heads, fell themselves and threw off their riders. 
And both the two men, falling very close to each 
other, made great haste to rise to their feet, but the 
Persian was not able to do this easily because his 
size was against him, while Andreas, anticipating 
him (for his practice in the wrestling school gave 
him this advantage), smote him as he was rising on 
his knee, and as he fell again to the ground 
dispatched him. Then a roar went up from the wall 
and from the Roman army as great, if not greater, 


than before; and the Persians broke their phalanx 


and withdrew to Ammodios, while the Romans, 
raising the pean, went inside the fortifications ; for 
already it was growing dark. Thus both armies 
passed that night. 


XIV 


On the following day ten thousand soldiers arrived 
who had been summoned by the Persians from the city 
of Nisibis, and Belisarius and Hermogenes wrote to 
the mirranes as follows: ‘ The first blessing is peace, 
as is agreed by all men who have even a small share 
of reason. It follows that if any one should be:a 
destroyer of it, he would be most responsible not 
only to those near him but also to his whole nation 
for the troubles which come. The best general, 
therefore, is that one who is able to bring about 
peace from war. But you, when affairs were well 
settled between the Romans and the Persians, have 
seen fit to bring upon us a war without cause, 


113 


VOL. I, I 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


éyovTa éyvwxas, xaitep éxatépov pev Bacihéws 
elpnvaia Bovrevopévov, mpécBewv 5é trapdvTor 
npiv év yertovev 75n, of 8) Ta Sidpopa TH és ar- 
Anrous Omiria ov« eis waKpav Siadrvoovery, HY pp 
TL avijKeatov ex THS ahs ehodou EvpBaivov TavTny 
eb nD 25 f Nis 5 {8 > f SSHh oy Sipict ss 
nuiv avaoTéedXeLy THY EAXTILOA LaYUaH. GAX rae 
éTL TaxtoTa Tov oTpaTov és TA Llepca@y HOn, unde 
Tois peylaTtos ayabois éutodav lotaco, wn Tote 
Ilépcais, os TO eixds, eins Ttav EvpSncopévmy 
Sevvay aitvos.” Tadta émel Mippdavns ameveyOévta 
Ta ypdupata elder, apueiBetar be, “’Emoinoa ay 
Ta aitovpeva, Tois yeypappévors avarrercOeis, et 
A £ / ay Pee 3 \ 
pr) “Pwpaiwv 1) érticton) étvyyavev odca, ols TO 
\ b] UA a 4 / > 54 be ra 
pev erayyéd\recOar Tpdyerpov eat, Epym b& T 
ernyyerpeva émitedciy YarXeT@TaTOY TE Kal 
lal / »” x» Vvo@ 
Kpelocov édmridos, dAAws Te HV Kal SpKots Tol 
Kup@onte Ta EvyKeipweva. hyeis wev ody mpoS THY 
bpetépay amrertovtes aTaTny, év STTOLS HYAyKao- 
pela rap’ ipas hee, tpeis 6, @ hirot “Papator, 
pndev Gddo TO RovtTrov oleae 4) Tore wnTéa piv és 
Ilépoas civar. évtaida yap jpas 7 TeOvavar 7) 
KataynpdcKew Senoet, ws Epyw Ta dixaia mpos 
nas Oncecbe.” Tocadta pev Kal o Muippavns 
> / 3 \ e939 \ / ” any} 
avréypawyev. avOrs S€ oi d4udl BeXro dpiov eypaypay 
aoe, “OU mavta yp, @ BérXticte Mippavn, TH 
aravovela yapiferGar, ovd€é Tois Tédas eTupépew 
oveldn TA undapolev mpoanKovta. “Povdivey yap 
emt mpecBela HKovta ovK amroUev elvar hpets TE 
elropev Etv TO adnOei kal adTos ovK, és maxpav 
elon. yAvxopévors O€ Umiv TorCMiwY Epyev avTi- 


114 


ba 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xiv. 3-9 


although the counsels of each king are looking toward 


peace, and although our envoys are already present in 


the neighbourhood, who will at no distant time settle 
all the points of dispute in talking over the situation 
together, unless some irreparable harm coming from 
your invasion ‘proves sufficient to frustrate for us this 
hope. But lead away as soon as possible your army 
to the land of the Persians, and do not stand in the 
way of the greatest blessings, lest at some time you 
be held responsible by the Persians, as is probable, 
for the disasters which will come to pass.” Whenthe 
mirranes saw this letter brought to him, he replied 
as follows: ‘I should have been persuaded by what 
you-write, and should have done what you demand, 
were the letter not, as it happens, from Romans, 
for whom the making of promises is easy, but the 
fulfilment of the promises in deed most difficult and 
beyond hope, especially if you sanction the agree- 
ment by any oaths. We, therefore, despairing in 
view of your deception, have been compelled to come 
before you in arms,and as for you, my dear Romans, 
consider that from now on you will be obliged to do 
nothing else than make war against the Persians. 
For here we shall be compelled either to die or grow 
old until you accord to us justice in deed.” Such 
was the’reply which the mirranes wrote back. And 
again Belisarius and his generals wrote as follows : 
* O excellent mirranes, it is not fitting in all things to 
depend upon boasting, nor to lay upon one’s neigh- 
bours reproaches which are justified on no grounds 
whatever. For we said with truth that Rufinus had — 
come to act as an envoy and was not far away, and — 
you yourself will know this at no remote time. But 
since you are eager for deeds of war, we shall array 


rms 
ae 


10 7 


ll 


12 


13 


14 


15 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


rakopeba sd Oe@, dv huiv év TO xvdbvep Eun- 


MppeaBar lopmev, nrypevov Hey TH ‘Popatoy 


dm parypoovvy, dralovelg Sé 7H Tlepoay vepeot- 
cavta Kal ols él THY eipyyyy TT POKANOUVPEVOLS 
qpiv eta avtitelvey éyvoxate. avtTitabopeba Oe 
Ta yeypaypéva Tap éxatépov aw axpov onuel@v 
és tHv EvpBor py dvadauevo.” tocadta perv 7 
ypady édyrov. Muppavns dé nal avOis dpeiBetar 
@de, “OSE jyeis avev Oedv TaV HweTépwv és TOV 
Torepov KkabiotapeOa, Evv avtois 5é map bpas 
néopev, ovoTrep TH vaTtepaia Llépcas és. Adpas 
éoBiBdcew értrida éyw. adda pow'Td Te Bada- 
veiov Kal apuotov év TapacKevf TOU mreptBorou 
évTos ywwécOw.” Tadta ot dpupl Bedroapiov dva- 
NeFdpevor Tapeanevatovro és THY EvuBorny. 

TH dé éruyevouévy pepe Ilépoas amavtas Tept 
nrtov avatoras Evyxadécas Mippavns édeke Tot- 
ade, “ OvK ayvod Bey @s ov Aéryous TOV Hryoupéevov, 
GX’ dperh TE oiKxeia Kal TH és GAXHOUS aidot 
Oapeety € éy Trois xvddvois ei@oOact Tlépoae. Opav 
dé o bpas SradoyeComevous ti Onmote ov ouverBic pé- 
vov ‘Pwpaious mpotepov avev OopiBwv Te kal ata- 
Eias eis wayny iévas, oi b& Edy Kdop@ Twi &vayyxos 
ovdapobev ohics tmpoonkovtt Tlépcas éridvtas 
bmréotno av, Todd elvexa Tapaiveciy ToLetc ai Tiva 
els buas éyvaxa, Stas pn SOEn on adnOet ypo- 
pévas tiv cparjvar cupBain. pn yap olecbe 
‘Pwpaious apeivous Ta Tonia €x Tod aidvdiov 
yevér Oar unde aperiis te i) eutrerpias KexthoOar 
116 


~~ — 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xiv. 9-15 


ourselves against you with the help of God, who will, 
we know, support us in the danger, being moved by 
the peaceful inclination of the Romans, but rebuking 
the boastfulness of the Persians and your decision to 
resist us when. we invite you to peace. And we 
shall array ourselves against you, having prepared for 
the conflict by fastening the letters written by each of 
us on the top of our banners.’’ Such was the message 
of this letter. And the mirranes again answered 
as follows: “ Neither are we entering upon the war 
without our gods, and ‘with their help we shall come 
before’ you, and I expect that on the morrow they 
will bring the Persians into Daras. But let the bath 
and lunch be in readiness for me within the fortifica- 

_tions.”” ‘When Belisarius and his generals read this, 
they prepared themselves for the conflict... 

’ On the succeeding day the mirranes called together 
all the Persians at about sunrisé and spoke as follows : 
“Tam not ignorant that it is not because of words of 
their leaders, but because of their individual bravery 
and their-shame before each other that the. Persians 
are accustomed to be courageous in the presence of 
dangers. But seeing you considering why in the 
world it is that, although the Romans have not been 
accustomed heretofore to go into battle without 
confusion and disorder, they recently awaited the 
advancing Persians with a kind of order which is by 
no means_characteristic of them, for this reason. 1 
have decided to speak some words of exhortation to 
you, so that it may not come about that you. be 
deceived by reason of holding an opinion which is 
not true.’ For I would not have you think that the 
Romans have suddenly become better warriors, or 
that they have acquired any more valour or ex- 


117 


16 


17 


18 


19 € 


2 


— 


22 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


mréov, GAA Kal Setrods adTods ‘yeyovévai 
HaXQoy ) Ta mporEpa ovtes eTuyxavov' of 1 
ovr Iépoas Sediacw date od8é tddpou xopls és. 
THY pidayya Kkabictacbat TEeTOhUMKAT Ww. ovoe Eby 
TavTn paxns Twvds Hp~av, GX éreb és xetpas 
avtois ovdapas HAOouEV, Gopevol Te Kal KpEtocor 
edrri8os Ta mpdrypara odiot KEeXe@pnnévar otopevot 
éml TO TetxXos exopnoar. 10 8 avrots ovdé, Euv- 
TeTapayOat TETUNNKED, ovT@ €is xivOuvov TONE- 
Hou éodvaw. iv Sé ye 7) waxn ex YeLpos yévnTat, 
oppwdia te aitovs Kal atretpia trepidaBodoas és 
dxoo play THY ouvnOn, @s TO elKos, KaTATTHOOUCL, 
Ta pev OvY TOV Torepi@y TowadTa éotiv" bas 8g, 
@ aS pes Hépoar, Tov Bacthéwv Baciréws 7 Kplats 


cigiTw. Hv yap wn éenakios ths Ilepoady aperfis 
> a . / 2 / 4 © a 
év TO TWApOVTL dvdpayabiforabe, KoNaTLS Upas OUK 


evicrens meplorac erat.” oUT@ jwev Mippdvns mapa- 
KeKebo aplevOs él Tovs moXepulous TO otpareupia 


AYE Bedodpuos bé kal “Eppoyévns ™po TOU Tept- 


Borov mavtas “‘Pepatous dryelpayres mapexehev- 
cavto woe, “Os perv ov« ciol mavtaTacw avinntoL 
Tépoac ovoe kpelocous }) OvnoKxey ériatacbe dy 
TOU, MaXN TH ‘Tporepa ora podpevou as 6é& 7H Te 
avdpta Kal o@patos ioxvi TepLovres avTar, Hove 
nrTao Oe 7 Tots dpxovow dmeDéoTEpot elvat, 


oveels Gy avteitro.. Step émavopbody Tove ovderi 


ipiv Tapectt. TA pev yap THS TUYNS évavTIdpata 

orovoy érravop0odc0at ovdapas TréduKe, yvopmn Oé 
1 areipta GP : aropla V. 

118 


. 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xiv. 15-22 


perience, but that they have become more cowardly 
than they were previously; at any rate they fear 
the Persians so much that they have not even dared 
to form their phalanx without a trench. And not 
even with this did they begin any fighting, but when 
we did not join battle with them at all, joyfully and 
considering that matters had gone better for them 
than they had hoped, they withdrew to the wall. 
For this reason too it happened that they were not 
thrown into confusion, for they had not yet come 
into the dangers of battle. But if the fighting comes 
to close quarters, fear will seize upon them, and this, 
together with their inexperience, will throw them, in 
all probability, into their customary disorder. Such, 
therefore, is the. case with regard to the enemy; but 
do. you, O men.of: Persia, call to mind the judgment 
of the King of Kings. For if you do not play the 
part of brave men in the present engagement, in a 
manner worthy of the valour of the Persians, an 
inglorious punishment will fall.upon you.” With 
this exhortation the mirranes began to lead his army 
against the enemy, Likewise Belisarius and Her- 
mogenes gathered all the Romans before the forti- 
fications, and encouraged them with the following 
words : “ You know assuredly that the Persians are 
not altogether invincible, nor too strong to be killed, 
having taken their measure in the previous battle ; 
and that, although superior to them in bravery and 
in strength of body, you were defeated only by 
reason of being rather heedless of your officers, no 
one can deny. This thing you now have the 
opportunity to set right with no trouble. For while 
the adversities of fortune are by no means such as to 


119 


23 


24 


26 


27 


28 


29 


30 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


TOV OiKEl@Y KAKOV padies dv avOpar@ iatpos 
yevorto" @oTe hv TeV “Taparyyedopéveov KaT- 
axove 7 7 Bovropévous b opiv, avtixa on) dvadijcer de 
TO TOD moguou Kpatos. of yap ovK GAM TO 7 
TO HpueTépo axocuw Oapaodrtes ep’ mas HKeovor. 
oparévtes S¢ Kal viv THs TovadTns erridos opol@s 
Th wporaBovon EvpBorH amadrradfover. Kal TO 
ThAOos TOV TOAELL@V, @ padi deditTovTat, 
bpas bmepd povetv aétov. TO yap Telov a amay ovdev 
aAXo 1) Gmihos eat dypotxev oiKT POV, ot és THY 
Tapatagw € em GAA@ ovdevl EpyovTat 7 TetxXos Te 
Sto purrew Kat rods TeOveaTas. oxunreverw Kab 
Tada Tots oTpATLOT ALS banpereiv. 610 81 Orda 
pev ols a ay Kab. tovs évavrious évoxoiev ovdapip 
éxovat, TOUS 6é Oupeods ToLovrous TO peryebos 7 po- 
BeBrnvrac pobvov omrws avtol mpos TOV Toney 
ior Pérrovras. ovKoby dvdpes ayabot év THE 
TO Kwovve } yevopevor ovK év TO mapovTe povov 
Tépoas ViKHO ETE, arra kal TAS arrovoias KOAG- 
geTe, WS pajrrore abdis eis yy thy “Papatov 
oT paTevoovTaL. 
Tavrny Behuordptos Te Kal “Epyoyévns THY. 
mapaiverty TOLNG AMEVOL, ered Tlépoas 00@ iov- 
Tas éml opas eidov, TpOT@ TH MpoTép@ KaTa 
TAXOS Tous oTpaTLoras Siérakav. Kal of Bdp- 
Bapot Tap avrous HKOVTES peTomndon € eornoay. 
ox amavras mévTor Tlépaas o Mippavns ayrious 
TOIS TOAELLOLS; adda Tous Hutoes éargae, Tous dé 
a&AXovs OricGev péverv elacev. of 5H Tods paxo- 
pévous éxdexomevot Euedrov akphres émrOncecBar 
1 nwdbive VG: modéuw P. 
120 





Tas 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xiv. 22-30 


be set right by an effort, reason may easily become 
for a man a physician for the ills caused by himself. 
If therefore you are willing to give heed to the orders 
given, you will straightway win for yourselves the 
superiority in battle. For the Persians come against 
us basing their confidence on nothing else than our 
disorder. But this time also they will be disappointed 
in this hope, and will depart just as in the. previous 
encounter. And as for the great numbers of the 
enemy, by which more than anything else they 
inspire fear, it is right for you to despise them. For 
their whole infantry is nothing more than a crowd of 
pitiable peasants who come into battle for no other 
purpose than to dig through walls and to despoil the 
slain and in general to serve the soldiers. For this 
reason they have no weapons at all with which they 
might trouble their opponents, and they only hold 
before themselves those enormous shields in order 
that they may not possibly be hit by the enemy. 
Therefore if you show yourselves brave men in this 
struggle, you will not only conquer the Persians for 
the present, but you will also punish, them for their 
folly, so that they will never again make an expedition 
into the Roman territory.” 

When Belisarius and Hermogenes had finished this 
exhortation, since they saw the Persians advancing 
against them, they hastily drew up the soldiers in the 
same manner as before. And the barbarians, coming 
up before them, took their stand facing the Romans. 
But the mirranes did not array all the Persians 
against the enemy, but only one half of them, while 
he allowed the others to remain behind. \ These 
were to take the places of the men who were fighting 


I21 


31 


32 


33 


34 


35 


36 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


tois évavtiows, dws ael ex mepitpoTAs dmavres 
paxovrar. povoy dé Tov TOv abavaTwv heyouevan 
AoXov HOVXH péeverv, &ws avTos onenyn, éxéXevev. 
avTos TE KaTa Hécov Tob. pet@mou takdpmevos, 
IlerudEnv ev ois év Sefid, Bapeopavay dé 
Tois és TO apiotepov Képas émréaTHcEV. . OUT@ MeV 
apportepor ererdxaro. Papas 5é Berioapio te cal 
“Epporyéver mapacras eltrev, “ O0dEév poe d0x® év- 
tav0a Evv Tots "Epovrous péveov TOUS Tohepious 
épydcacban péya: hv dé KpUTTOpeVvoL és TO kearay- 
Tes TOTO, elTa, émedav ev TO Epye yevovtar 
Tlépoas, dra Tobde TOU Aogou dvaBaivortes. € €x TOD 
aipvidiou Kara V@OTOV auTov Yeo pev omg Oey Bar- 
doves, Ta duijKeata avrovs, os TO eikos, Spa- 
copev.” 0 pev TavTa cime, Kab érrel Tovs appt 
Beduodpiov 7 per Ke, KaTa tabra érroiet. 

Mayns 6é expe és Typépav péonv ovdérepot 
HpKov. eres) dé TaXuoTa a peonpnBpia Trape- 
XNKED, epryou ot BapBapot etXovTo, Tove eiveka és 
ToUTOV Tis Hypépas Top Karpov TV EvpBorny aTro- 
Pépevot, Ort 8 avTol pev ottiows és SeiXnv opiav 
xpia bar povov eidOact, “Popaior bé ™ po Tis 
it Ht @OTE OUTOTE @MOVTO avrovs opoiws 
ay begew, nv Twewoow éemiavtTar. Ta pev ovv 
TpaTa tofevpacw é EXPOVTO és addajous EKATEPOL, 
Kal Twa. Ta Bern TO TANG EL axnay éml mAeloTov 
émoiet, ex TE ap orépav TorNol ETLTTOV, TOAKO 
6é TUXVOTEPA Ta TOV BapBapov Bern epépero. 
ev. MepiTpomy yap del aK MATES euaXOvTO, aie 
cOnow rob Tovoupevou ToIs Torepions @S Hora 
TapeXOMEVOL, OV péVTOL OVSE HS ‘Pwpator TO EXac- 


122 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xiv. 30-36 


and to fall upon their opponents with their vigour 
intact, so that all might fight in constant rotation. 
But the detachment of the so-called Immortals alone 
he ordered to remain at rest until he himself should 
give the signal. And he took his own station at the 
middle of the front, putting Pityaxes in command on 
the right wing, and Baresmanas on the left. In this 
manner, then, both armies were drawn up. Then 
Pharas came before Belisarius and Hermogenes, and 
said: “It does not seem to me that I shall do the 
enemy any great harm if I remain here with the 
Eruli; but if we conceal ourselves on this slope, and 
then, when the Persians have begun the fight, if we 
climb up by this hill and suddenly come upon their 
- rear, shooting from-behind: them,.we shall in all 
probability do them the greatest harm.” Thus he 
spoke, and, since it pleased Belisarius .and his. staff, 
he carried out this plan. 

But up to midday neither side began battle. As soon, 
however, as the noon hour was passed, the barbarians 
began the fight, having postponed the engagement 
to this time of the day for the reason that they are 
accustomed to partake of food only towards late after- 
noon, while the Romans have their meal before noon ; 
and for this reason they thought that the Romans 
would never hold out so well, if they assailed them 
while hungry. At first, then, both sides discharged 
arrows against each other, and the missiles by their 
great number made, as it were, a vast cloud; and 
many men were falling on both sides, but the missiles 
of the barbarians flew much more thickly. | For fresh 
men were always fighting in turn, affording to. their 
enemy not the slightest opportunity to. observe 
what was being done; but even so the Romans did 


123 


37 


38 


39 


40 


4] 


42 


43 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


cov eiyvov. met pa yap. ev évde émipopov em 
TOUS BapBapous enter ov ov Mav avTav Ta 
Tofevpara évepyeiv ela. émet 5€ amavta éxa- 
Tépous Ta Bédy 700 emiNenobrret, Tots TE Sdpacw 
és add ous EXPOVTO Kal 7 pax eT _HadXov éx 
xetpos eryeryovet, ‘Pwpaior dé KEpas TO dpiaTepov, 
padora éxapve. Kaéianvol yap, of TavTy 
fv To Ieruatn éudyYovTo, Tool émBeBon- 
Andres éLarwatos eTpepavTo TE Tovs Tonepious 
Kal pebryouow ery Kel Levot loxuporata ouxvous 
ExTewvor. 6 6 Katidovtes ot Evy TO. Louvirg 
Te Kal’ ‘Aiyay, Spopep TONA® €7 avTOvS HeTayv. 
Tp@ToL O€ ot Tplakdctor Eow TO Papa "Epovdot 
ef invnrod Kata vadTou TOD rrodepicov ryevopevor, 
épya Oavpaota és Te Tods GXXoUS Kal TOdS 
Kadconvods eredetKVUYTO. Of 87) érrel Kal TOvS 
appt TOV Louvixay mrayious 0n ayviovTas én’ 
avTovs eldov, és puynv OpuNvTo. THs b€ TpoTAs 
Aap pas yevoperns, erred aNd} Nous EvvéwiEav 
ot TaUTY “Peopaior, yeyove povos TOV BapBdapov 
TOAUS.. Kal avTOv Kara Képas 70 deEvov ov*x 
ijooous i) TpegXtdeot év TOUT@ TO TOV@ am avov, 
ot 6€ Nowtrol és THY parayya podus KaTapuyovres 
éowOnoar. “Pwpatot te ovxéts edi@Kov, GAN év 
TH maparager éxdrepor éoTnoay avTiot EMA, 
TaUTA pep ouv épépeto THOE. 

Meppavns dé dddous TE TodAous Kab Tous 
aBavatous Neyopévous Atravtas és pépos TO ape- 
orepov XdOpa érreurpev. ods 8) KATUOOVTES: 
Beduo-dptos Te Kal’ ‘Eppoyerns, Tovs appr Xou- 
vikay te kal ’Aiyav éEaxoatous és youlay Thy év 
SeEta exérevov tévat, ob 8) of Ew TO Lippa TE 


124 


SE 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xiv. 36-44 


not have the worst of it. For a steady wind blew 
from their side against the barbarians, and checked 
to a considerable degree the force of their arrows. 
Then, after both sides had exhausted all their 
missiles, they began to use their spears against 
each other, and the battle had come still more to 
close quarters. On the Roman side the left wing 
was suffering especially. For the Cadiseni, who with 
Pityaxes were fighting at this point, rushing up. 
suddenly in great numbers, routed their enemy, and, 
crowding hard upon the fugitives, were killing many 
of them. When this was observed by the men under 
Sunicas and Aigan, they charged against them at full 
speed. But first the three hundred Eruli under Pharas 
from the high ground got in the rear of the enemy 


and made a wonderful display of valorous deeds 


against all of them and especially the Cadiseni. And 
the Persians, seeing the forces of Sunicas too already 
coming up against them from the flank, turned to a 
hasty flight. And the rout became complete, for 
the Romans here joined forces with each other, and 
there was a great slaughter of the barbarians. On 
the Persian right wing not fewer than three thousand 
perished in this action, while the rest escaped with 
difficulty to the phalanx and were saved. And the 
Romans did not continue their pursuit, but both 
sides took their stand facing each other in line. 
Such was the course of these events. 

. But the mirranes stealthily sent to the left a large 
body of troops and with them all the so-called 
Immortals... And when these were noticed. by 
Belisarius and Hermogenes, they ordered the six 
hundred men under Sunicas and Aigan to go to 
the angle on the right, where the troops of Simmas 


125 


45 


46 


47 


48 


49 


51 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


kal “Ackav totavto, kal avTov dmicbev Tar 
Bedtoapio émopevov ToXNovs eornoay. Tlépoau 
pev ov ot Képas TO aporepov elyov Bapeopava 
fyyoupévou odpict Evy Tots aavdtois és Tovs Kat 
aurovs ‘Papaious Spop@ éoéBadnov. oi 8é ovx 
roc ayres Thy Epodor € és huynyv @pynvTo. TOTE 
6) ot Te év TH yovia “Pwpator Kat Goor avTov 
émicbev Haar, omovey _TOMM} éml tovs dt@- 
KOvTas HET AV. are dé Tots BapBdpous ey apavot 
Lovtes, duethov avtav diva 70 oTpaTevpa, wal 
TOUS meV THeloTous év (behid eixov, Tuas dé Kal 
éycatarepbevras év apioTepa emoungavTo. ev 
Tois Kal TOV ToD Bapeopava To onpetov pépovta 
Evvérrecev eivau, ov 52 0 Louvixas, TO dopate 
ered Oa@v tai. dn TE Tépoae of év Tos mpw- 
TOLS Sudicovtes, aia Bopevor ov Hoav KaKod, oTpé- 
wavtés Te Ta vara Kal THY SiwEw KaTaTav- 
Cares en avovs yer ay, Kal an avTov apdi- 
Boro mT pos TOV Tokepiov éyivovTo. Euvevtes 
yap Tov TOLOULEVOY ot pevyovtes avéotpepov 
atOis. ot te your aro Tlépoar Kal 0. TOY 
aBavatwv AOxXos, KEKNLMEVOY TE TO _onpetov 
iSovtes Kal é TO edapos Kaberpévor, emt TOvS 
éxelvy ‘Pwpaious Edy To Bapeoyavg, @ pygav. 
“Popaior o¢ omnytiagov. Kal mp@tos' Lovvinas 
tov Bapecpavay éxtewé Te nal éx tod tmmov és 
to édados éppive. xal am avdtod és déos péya 
ot BapBapor EMTETTOKOTES aris pev ovKeTL 
eueuvnvto, akoo wig dé TONG eydopuevor Epeuryov. 
Kal aUTOV ‘Pepator KiKhooly TWa Towa devo 
TevTaktayirtous padioTa éxTewav. OUTW TE TA 
| 1 mp@tos GP: mparor V. 
126 


—  ——— eC 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xiv. 44-51 


and Ascan were stationed, and behind them they 
placed many of Belisarius’ men. So the Persians 
who held the left wing under the leadership of 
Baresmanas, together with the Immortals, charged 
on the run upon the Romans opposite them, who 
failed to withstand the attack and beat a_hasty 
retreat. Thereupon the Romans in the angle, 
and all who were behind them, advanced with 
great ardour against the pursuers. But inasmuch 
as they came upon the barbarians from the side, 
they cut their army into two parts, and the 
greater portion of them they had on their right, 
while some also who were left behind were 
placed on their left. Among these happened to be 
the standard bearer of Baresmanas, whom Sunicas 
charged and struck with his spear. And already 
the Persians who were leading the pursuit perceived 
in what straits they were, and, wheeling about, they 
stopped the pursuit and went against their assail- 
ants, and thus became exposed to the enemy on both 
sides. For those in flight before them understood 
what was happening and turned back again. The 
Persians, on their part, with the detachment of 
the Immortals, seeing the standard inclined and 
lowered to the earth, rushed all together against 
the Romans at that point with Baresmanas.. There 
the Romans held their ground. And first. Sunicas 
killed Baresmanas and threw him from his horse 
to the ground. As a result of this the barbarians 
were seized with great fear and thought no longer 
of resistance, but fled in utter confusion. And 
the Romans, having made a circle as it were around 
them, killed about five thousand. Thus both armies 


127 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


orparomeda Tavramacw cx On € éxdrepa, Ilepoav 


52 pev és Umaryory ny, ‘Popaiwr bé és THY Si@£Ew. év 


53 


54 


55 


TOUT@ To move bcou 8% mefol év TO Tepoay 
oTpatevpate hoav, piyavtés Te ToOds Bupeods Kal 
kKaTadapBavopevor Koo Me ovoevt mpos TOV T0- 


Aeuiov éxteivovto. “Pouaiov pértot u] di@kes 


by ddiryou éyévero. Beduoaptos yap Kab “Eppo- 
yévns TEpalTépo iévar ovdamh elwv, deicavtes un 
Tue avaryKy Tépoa boat papevtes Tpéepavrar 
auTovs ovdevl oye Su@KovTas, iKavoy TE avToIS 
karepaiveto THY vieny ax parpvij SvagdcacBau. 
paxpod yap xpovov ‘Pepatoy T) Haxn, exetvy TH 
pEPS noonOnoav llépcas. ob Tw wey an adn ov 
éxadTepoe SvexptOnoar. Tépoae. dé ob«éte paynv 
ex TOU evOéos és “Popaious Sueveryxedy 70edov. 
éyévovto pévtor audotépos tives €& émidpomas 
Epodat, €v ais od éxaccov ‘Pwpaio: éoyov.  T 
pev otv otpatéteda év Mecorotapia THde 


épépero. 


XV 


KaBdéns 5é ado or paTevpa és "Apueviay 7 THY 


‘Popaiwy KaTiKoov ereurape. TO be oTparevpa 


TOUTO Tepoappeviov Te Kal Lovwtav joay, ob 8H 
*"Aravois cicww Gpopo. Odvvol te avtois ol 
LaBerpor KaXovpevor TpPLaXiALoL Evyjcar, Pax two 
TaTOV EOvos. oTparnyos dé Meppepons, Heaous 
avip, amacw eperarijKet, olmep emevdy co 

TLovTOAEWS TPLOY HuEp@v 0O@ Sieiyov, évaTpaTo- 
medevoduevol te Euevov év Ilepoappeviwy TH 


128 


si, ai 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xiv. 51-xv. 2 


‘were all set in motion, the Persians in retreat, 


and the Romans in pursuit. In this part of the 
conflict all the foot-soldiers who were in the Persian 
army threw down their shields and were caught 
and wantonly killed by their enemy. However, 
the pursuit was not continued by the Romans over 
a great distance. For Belisarius and Hermogenes 
refused absolutely to let them go farther, fearing 
lest the Persians through some necessity should 
turn about and rout them while pursuing reck- 
lessly, and it seemed to them sufficient to preserve 
the victory unmarred. For on that day the Persians 
had been defeated in battle by the Romans, a thing 
which had not happened for a long time. Thus 
the two armies separated from each other. And the 


_ Persians were no longer willing to fight a pitched 


battle with the Romans. However, some sudden 
attacks were made on both sides, in which the 
Romans were not at a disadvantage. Such, then, 
was the fortune of the armies in Mesopotamia. 


XV 


Anp Cabades sent another army into the part 
of Armenia which is subject to the Romans. This 
army was composed of Persarmenians and Sunitae, 
whose land adjoins that of the Alani. There were 
also Huns with them, of the stock called Sabiri, 
to the number of three thousand, a most warlike 
race. And. Mermeroes, a Persian, had been made 
general of the whole force. When this army was 
three days’ march from Theodosiopolis, they .estab- 
lished their camp and, remaining in the land of 


129 
VOL, I. ta es K 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


3 yopa Kal Ta és Tip éoBohny éfnptvovto. erty- 
xave dé "Appevias wey oTpaTyOs Awpoieos Ov, 
avnp Evveros Té Kal TOE Wov TONA@Y EM TELPOS. 
Sittas be apy Mey TH oTparnyioa év Bu- 
favrio eixe, mavrl dé TP év "A ppevious oT pare 

4 eperaTnjKel. ot 87 oTpareu pa. Toneulev yvovTes 
év Ilepoappevious ayetperOan, Sopupopous dvo 
evOvs emeppav eg’ @ SvacKkomncartes amacav 
odior TOV Tohepleoy THY bya écayyeiAwow. 

5 dudw te év TO oTpatoTéd@ Tav BapBdpwv ye- 
vouevor kal dtavta és TO axpiBes KaTavonoavTes 

6 amnAdKdooorTo. 006 Te lovTes és TL TOV exelvn 
xopiav Owvvvois Toneplors atpoodéxntot } évtuy- 
Xdvovow. og av depos pév, Adyapis bvopa, 
deBels elarypyOn, 0 0 6é 87 addos puyeiv te laxvoe 
Kal Tots otparnyois Tov TaVvTa Adyov am nyyetner. 

7 06 O€ dmav TO otpdtevpa éEoTXicavTes, TOV 
ToveLioyv TO oTpatoTéd@ ex TOU aidvidiou éré- 

8 oTncav. ot te BapBapor T@ ampocdoKyT@ KaTa- 
TrayévTes ovKETL és ANKHV EBAETTIOV, GAN Edevryov 
os éxaoros ™ edvvaro. éevraiba “Popaiot xtet- 
vavrés Te cvxvoUs kal TO oTpaToTedov Aniod- 
pevot avtixa 51 OTicw aT) NAVY, 

9 Meppepons TE Eipracay dyeipas THY oTparuay 
ov TOD totepov és yhv Thy ‘Popatov éaé- 
Barre, Kat caTahapBdvover TOUS TrOAEmLOUS apt 
Ydradav Tow. ov dn eva Tparomedevaadpievor év 
_Xopio "OxraBn jnobxatov, 6 omrep THS TOAEWS 3 TE 

10 Kat mevtifcovta oradtous améxet. Littas pey ovv 
xerLous érrayayomevos bmicbey TOY TLvOS Ropar 
i Sia olot wodhol Latadav tHyy wow ev 

1 Gmpooddéxntro: Haury : arpoodoxjtos MSS. 
130 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xv. 2-10 


the Persarmenians, made their preparations for the 
invasion. Now the general of Armenia was, as it 
happened, Dorotheus, a man of discretion and ex- 
perienced in many wars. And Sittas held the 
office of general in Byzantium, and had authority 
over the whole army in Armenia. These two, then, 
upon learning that an army was being assembled 
in Persarmenia, straightway sent two body-guards 
with instructions to spy out the whole force of 
the enemy and.report to them. And both of these 
men got into the barbarian camp, and after noting 
everything accurately, they departed. And they 
were travelling toward some place in that region, 
when they happened unexpectedly upon hostile 
Huns. By them one of the two, Dagaris by name, 
was made captive and bound, while the other 
succeeded in escaping and reported everything to 
the generals. They then armed their whole force 
and made an unexpected assault upon the camp 
of their enemy ; and the barbarians, panic-stricken by 
the unexpected attack, never thought of resistance, 
but fled as best each one could. Thereupon the 
Romans, after killing a large number and plundering 
the camp, immediately marched back. 

Not long after this Mermeroes, having collected 
the whole army, invaded the Roman territory, and 
they came upon their enemy near the city of 
Satala. There they established themselves in camp 
and remained at rest in a place called Octava, 
which is fifty-six stades distant from the city. 
Sittas therefore led out’ a thousand men and con- 
cealed them behind one of the many hills which 
surround the plain in which the city of Satala 


131 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


ll medio Ketpévnv xkuKkrodor. Awpddeov dé fdv TO 
aX oTpaT@ évTos Tod mepiBorou exéreve pévery, 
érrel év TH Ouar@ Tos ToAEpiovs tbhictacbat 

+ é 
° a a 
olot Te eivat ovdauh @oVTO, OVX HacOY } TpLop- 
pious dvtas, avTol mors és TO Huo eEcxvovpevor, 
‘12 tH Sé ériovan Huépa oi BapBapo adyxiota Tov 
fh 8 emotion yypepg oi BdpBapor ayy 
TepiBorov yevopuevot, KUKAWOW avTOD TroLeicOai 
> fal Ss ” \ Ll \ 
Tia év oTrovdn elyov. advw Sé KatiddvTes Tos 
aug Yittav €& inynrod 75n ém’ adtods cataBat- 
vovtas, kal avtav EvpypetpeicOar To mARGOs 
4 ut 4 nm n 
iixota éxovtes, te Kovioptod wpa Oépous Todo 
> / a / v s ‘ 
éyKelmévov, TONAM Te WAelovs @ovTo Elva Kal 
io) 7 \ 4 > , > 3, 7 
THS KUKNWTEWS KATA TAaYOS ahemevor Es OAVYOV 

13 Tia Y@pov avtovs Evvayayeiv nretyovto. bOd- 
cavtes O¢ “‘Pwpaior cal dveddvtes ohas adtods és 
Evypoplas 800 avaywpodcow éx Tod TeptBorou 
> , 4 ? \ oe 3 ee "9 
ewéGevto, Omep émevdy amas eldev 6 “Papatov 

, > / lA \ 4 n > a 
oTpatos, COdponoay Te Kal Spou@ TOAA@ €x TOV 
meptBorov Evppéovtes emi tovs évavtious éyopn- 

14 cap. pécous Sé avtovs KatacTnodpevot eis puyny 
érpewrav. wAnOEL pévToL, Worrep éppnOn, TOV TOrE- 
piwy of BapBapo bTepaipovtes ett avteiyov, H TE 

15 paxyn Kaptepa éyeyover Kal ex yeupos Hv.  ay- 
xiatpopous 5é tas Su@€ecs errovodyTo és &NAHOVS 
éxatepot, émrel imreis amravres noav.  évTava 
Prwpévtios OpaF, xatadoyou immixod apywr, eis 
Hécovs opuncas Tods Todeuious Kal avT@Y TO 
oTpaTnylKoVv onpelov apTdcas, émikdivas Te AUTO 


132 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xv. 10-15 


lies. Dorotheus with the rest ot the army he 
ordered to stay inside the fortifications, because 
they thought that they were by no means able 
to withstand the enemy on level ground, since 
their number was not fewer than thirty thousand, 
while their own forces scarcely amounted to half 
that number. On the following day the barbarians 
came up close to the fortifications and busily set 
about closing in the town. But suddenly, seeing 
the forces of Sittas who by now were coming down 
upon them from the high ground, and having no 
means of estimating their number, since owing to 
the summer season a great cloud of dust hung over 
them, they thought they were much more numerous 
than they were, and, hurriedly abandoning their plan 
of closing in the town, they hastened to mass their 
force into a small space. But the Romans anticipated 
the movement and, separating their own force into 
two detachments, they set upon them as they were 
retiring from the fortifications; and when this was 
seen by the whole Roman army, they took courage, 
and with a great rush they poured out from the 
fortifications and advanced against their opponents. 
They thus put the Persians between their own 
troops, and turned them to flight. However, since 
the barbarians were greatly superior to their enemy 
in numbers, as has been said, they still offered re- 
sistance, and the battle had become a fierce fight 
at close quarters. And both sides kept making 
advances upon their opponents and retiring quickly, 
for they were all cavalry. Thereupon Florentius, 
a Thracian, commanding a detachment of horse, 
charged into the enemy’s centre, and seizing 
the general’s standard, forced it to the ground, and 


133 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


16 @s paddoTa, OTicw amyravve. Kal adTds pev 
Katarndoeis te kal kpeoupynbels adTod erece, TAS 
5€ vixens “Papatois aiti@tatos yéyovev. érrel yap 
TO onpetov oi BapBapor ovKéTt Ewpwr, és akoo play 
Te TOAAHY Kal dppwdiav éuTeTT@KOTES UTEXOpPN- 
ody TE Kai yevouevor Ev TH oTpaToTéd@ Havyator, 

17 TodAovds ev TH waxXn aToBanrorTes. TH TE voTE- 
paia én oixov admavtes davexopnoav ovdevds 
odioww emlaTropevov, érel peya Te Kal oyou 
Too aELov épaivero eivat TO ‘Popaiwr oTpaT@ 
BapBapous TogoUTOUS TO Trios & ev Te TH operépg 
xopa éxeiva merrovOévar & drep pot oriy@ eum po- 
aev elpntat, Kah és TH Toepiav éuBeBAnK Oras 
ampaktous Te Kal o8T@ mpos Tov éMagcoVeY 
Hoonpévous dmadraryiva. 

18 Tote Kal Tepody X@pia év Tlepoappevious ‘Po- 
pator €axov, ppovpiov Te TO Borov Kal TO Papay- 
yeov choco es 52) TOV Xpuaov Ilépoat 

19 opvocovtes Bacthel hépovaw. éetvyyavov dé kal 
Onkyo ™ poTEpov KaTaaTpeYrapevol TO Tavixdv 
vos, of ev yn TH ‘Pepatov avTovopor ex manatod 
iSpuvto- atrep avtixa bvTwa émpadyOn tpomov 
NeréEerar. 

20 "Ex TOV ‘Appevias Xo plov : és Tlepoap- 
peviav iovTe év OeEed pev 0 Tadpos éorw, & Te 
‘T8npiav kal Ta éxelvy eum SujKor, @ Bomep pot 
odiryo EutrpoaGev elpntat, ev apiotepa Sé€ KaTav- 
TS pev el TAEiaTOV ael mpoiodaa 7 OO0S yivEeTat, 
Kal Opn amoxpématar Nav amoTtowa vedédXats TE 

21 Kal yLoot Kexaduppéva Tov TavTa ai@va, évOev 

1 xwplovy VP: dplov G. 


134 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xv. 15-21 


started to ride back. And though he himself was 
overtaken and fell there, hacked to pieces, he proved 
to be the chief cause of the victory for the Romans. 
For when the barbarians no longer saw the stand- 
ard, they were thrown into great confusion and 
terror, and retreating, got inside their camp, and 
remained quiet, having lost many men in the battle ; 
and on the following day they all returned home- 
ward with no one following them up, for it seemed 
to the Romans a great and very noteworthy thing 
that such a great multitude of barbarians in their 
own country had suffered those things which have 
just been narrated above, and. that, after making 
an invasion into hostile territory, they should retire 


_ thus without accomplishing anything and defeated 


by a smaller force. 

At that time the Romans also acquired certain 
Persian strongholds in Persarmenia, both the fortress 
of Bolum and the fortress called Pharangium, which 
is the place where the Persians mine gold, which 
they take to the king. It happened also that a 
short time before this they had reduced to sub- 
jection the Tzanic nation, who had been settled 
from of old in Roman territory as an autonomous 
people ; and as to these things, the manner in which 
they were accomplished will be related here and now. 

As one goes from the land of Armenia into Pers- 
armenia the Taurus lies on the right, extending into 
Iberia and the peoples there, as has been said a little 
before this,! while on the left the road which con- 
tinues to descend for a great distance is overhung by 
exceedingly precipitous mountains, concealed forever 
by clouds and snow, from which the Phasis River 


1 Cf. Book I. x. 2. 
135 


24 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


éEi@v motauos Paois héperar és yhv thv Kor- 

V4 4 \ 3 > a / x Aas 
xiéa. tavtn To €E apyfs BapRBapot, To T&avKov 
vos, ovdevds KaTIKOOL @KNYTO, Xdvo. év Tots 
ave xpovors KaXovpevot, AnoTELaLs pev XpOpevor 
és Tovs Teptoixous ‘Pwpatous, diartav 58 oxAnpav 
vmephuds éxovtes Kal Tols Pwpiors ael arolavTes* 
ov yap TL és Bp@ow adrtois ayabdv 4 yh edepe. 

a a e 

610 6) avtois xpuctiov TaxTov ava may eros oO 
¢ / \ 4 94? \ ta 
Popatov Bactrevs eTEUTEY, eg @ 67 Hajmore 
Anicovta, Ta éxelvy yopia. ot b€ Kal SpKovs 
tovs ohiot matpiovs trép TovTav éuvivtes Kal 
Ta bumpocpéva ev Adoyia Trovovpevor atrpordoKn- 
tol Te éumimtovtes x ToD éml TAEloToY éxaKovp- 
youv ovK Appeviovs povov, aAXrAa Kal TOUS avTOV — 
2 s ¢ / f 2 , >.> 
éxopuévous “Pwpyaiouvs péxpt és Odraccav, bi 
25 7 \ oy L 2O\ 92 9 ns 
drXiyou Te THY Epodoy treTomnpévor evOds ém’ OlKOU 
amexouifovto. Kat “Popalov icws évtuyévtes 
TTPATO HocTaVTO pev TH waxy, dddotpot b€ trav- 
TaTac lv ovK éyivovto ywpiov ioxvi. wayn Toler 
0 Littas avtovs po Todde TOU ToNémou ViKHCAS, 
émrayoyd Te TOAKA és adTods cima TE Kal Tpd- 
Eas, tpocroincacBa TravTEeAo@s ioyuoe. THY TE 
yap Siattav éri TO tuepwrtepov petaBaddovtes és 
Katanroyous avtovs “Pwpaixods éceypdwarto, Kal 
TO Aowrov Ely TO GrAXrAM “Pwopaiwy otpaT@ én 

\ , 2e/ , , pe Wily SF 
Tovs moneputous é£iact. tHv Te do£ay érl TO evce- 
Béotepov peteOevto, &mavtes Xpiotiavol ryeyevn- 

, \ a > \ 5 / 7 
pévor. Ta pev odv api tois Tlavois tavTy TH - 
éoyev. 


136 


_" 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xv. 21-25 


issues and flows into the land of Colchis. In this 
place from the beginning lived barbarians, the 
Tzanic nation, subject to no one, called Sani in early — 
times; they made plundering expeditions among 
the Romans who lived round about, maintaining a most 
difficult existence, and always living upon what they 
stole; for their land produced for them nothing 
good to.eat.. Wherefore also the Roman emperor sent 
them each year a fixed amount of gold, with the 
condition that they should never plunder the country 
thereabout. And the barbarians had sworn to observe 
this agreement with the oaths peculiar to their 
nation, and then, disregarding what they had sworn, | 
they had been accustomed for a long time to make 
unexpected attacks and to injure not only the 
Armenians, but also the Romans who lived next to 
them as far as the sea; then, after completing their 
inroad in a short space of time, they would immedi- 
ately betake themselves again to their homes, And 
whenever it so happened that they chanced upon a 
Roman army, they were always, defeated in the 
battle, but they proved to be absolutely beyond 
capture owing to the strength of their fastnesses. 
In this way Sittas had defeated them in battle before 
this war ; and then by many manifestations of kind- 
ness in word and in deed he had been able to win 
them over completely. For they changed their 
manner of life to one of a more civilized sort, and 
enrolled themselves among the Roman troops, and 
from that time they have gone forth against the 
enemy with the rest of the Roman army. They also 
abandoned their own religion for a more righteous 
faith, and all of them became Christians. Such then 
was the history of the Tzani. 


137 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


26 “TrepBavte 5¢ ra aitav opia pdpayé éoti 
Babeia Te Kal Aiav KpHuVodns, expe és ta Kav- 
Kaoia op Sinxovea. évTad0a xwpia TE moAvay- 
Opwnotara éote Kal dpmenos TE kal u) addy 

27 om@pa SiapKas pverar. Kat HEX pL pev és Tpedy 
Hpep@v oOov padiora ‘Popators D) paparyé avTn 
UmorEdns Tuyx aver ovoa, TO be év0 évoe ot _Tep- 
cappeviov 6 pot éxdéxovTar, ob 67 Kal TO TOD 
xpucob pétaddov ear Orrep KaBadov Sovtos 
emer poTreve TOV TLS emiXe pio Lupedyys bvopa. 

28 oUTOS 0 Lupewvns, émecdyn duporépous &s TOV 
TOE wv axpacvovras elde, KaBaény THS TOV xen 

29 paTov T™ poo odou atroarepetv éyvo. 610 61) avTov 
Te Kal TO Paparyyiov ‘Popators évdovs ovderépors 
TOV €K TOU HeTaddou Xpuoov amopépew nElou. 

30 ‘Popaior bev yap ovdev em patron, am ox piv 
ohiow myoupevor aTrohwévat TOUS Tmohepious THY 
évOévde hopdr, Tlépoas be oux oloi TE aoav axov- 
TOV ‘Popaior TovS TAaUTN WKnMevoUS avTLCTATOU- 
ons THs dvoxepias | BudteoOau. 

31 “T2rd 6é Tovs avTovs Xpovous Napojs te Kai 
“Aparwos, ot Beducapio Kal Litta év Llepoap- 
peviov TH xopa Kar apxas rode Tod tohéwov 
és xeipas mrOov, @omep eum poo Ev pou 5ed7- 
Aw@Tau, Eby TH enTtpt avToMonoL és “Pepatous 
HKOV, Kal avTOUS Napofs 0 Baciréos Tapas 
edéEaTo (Ilepoappevtos yap Kal autos yévos 
eTUyXave) geuest TE avrous Swpetrar peyarors. 

32 omep e7ret ‘Ioadxns, 0 VEOTATOS avTa@v aoed- 
dos, duable, ‘Pepators AaOpa és Aoyous eGov 
BOXov avtois Td Ppovpiov, ayyxioTta mH dv TOV 


138 


—* 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xv. 26-32 


. Beyond the borders.of this people there is a 
cafion whose walls are both high and exceedingly 
steep, extending as far as the Caucasus mountains. 
In it are populous towns, and grapes and other fruits 
grow plentifully. And this cafion for about the 
space of a three days’ journey is tributary to the 
Romans, but from there begins the territory of 
Persarmenia ; and here is the gold-mine which, with 
the permission of Cabades, was worked by one of 
the natives, Symeon by name. When this Symeon 
saw that both nations were actively engaged in the 
war, he decided to deprive Cabades of the revenue. 
Therefore he gave over both himself and Pharan- 
gium to the Romans, but refused to deliver over to 
either one the gold of the mine. And as for the 
Romans, they did nothing, thinking it sufficient for 
them that the enemy had lost the income from 
there, and the Persians were not able against the 
will of the Romans to force the inhabitants of the 
place to terms, because they were baffled by the 
difficult. country. 

At about the same time Narses and Aratius who 
at the beginning of this war, as I have stated above,} 
had an encounter with Sittas and Belisarius in the 
land of the Persarmenians, came together with their 
mother as deserters to the Romans; and the 
emperor's. steward, Narses, received them (for he 
too happened to be a Persarmenian by birth), and 
he presented them with a large sum of money. 
When this came to the knowledge of Isaac, their 
youngest brother, he secretly opened negotiations 
with the Romans, and delivered over to them the 
fortress of Bolum, which lies very near the limits of 


1 Cf. Book I. xii. 21. 
139 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


33 OcodocrovTorews opiov, mapéda ke. oTpaTioOras 
yap eyyus ™ eréaTEANe Kpumrred Oat, ods 5) TO 
ppovpi@ viKtwp édéEaTo, play avrois AdOpa 
avakdivas TuAiba: ovT@ te Kal avTos és Bu- 
Sdvtiov HAOev. 


XVI 


1 Odtw pév ‘Popaiots Ta trpdyparta eixye. Tlép- 
car dé 7 pos. Beduoapiov év Adpas hoonpevor 7h 
paxn ove’ Os evOevd_ dvaxapetv éyvorav, éws 
‘Poudivos, evel és oyu TI KaBaéovu * prev, 
éreFev @de, “”Emeurpé pce, @ Bacired, 0 aos 
ade pos ben Sicatav HELpopevos, éte & 
Mépaae amr ovoemas aitias és yh THY avTou 

2 év OrAous HrAGov. Kaitou Baotnet peyarho TE 
Kal és tocov Evvécews 4} ijeovte ex mohémou etpnvny 
MpuTavevo at HadXov av mpeTou 7) TOV mpary- 
parov ev KabeotoTav Tapaxiy ov déov aie 

3 Te Kal Tots méhas mpooTpi Bec Oar. ois én kal 
avTos evedTris Ov evddde adiypar, étws TO 
Noumrov dpporépors Ta eK Tis eipnyns ayaba 

4 ein.” “Povdivos péev tocadta eime. KaBddns 
dé apetBerar ade, “0 wat LrBavod, pndapas 
dvruarpépew tas aitias Teipo, mdvtev é&emt- 
ord pevos pddiora Tapayns an dans airiwrdrous 
yeyovévat TOUS ‘Pwpatous buas. muUAas yap Tas 
Kaozrias speis Er xomey emt TO Tepody Te Kab 
‘Popaiov aya, Biacdpevor Tous éxeivn Bap- 
Bapous, émel ‘AvagTdotos rf ‘Paopatov avro- 
Kpadtwp, @s Tov Kal avTos olafa, Tmupov avTas 


140 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xv. 32-xvi. 4 


Theodosiopolis. For he directed that soldiers should 
be concealed somewhere in the vicinity, and he 
received them into the fort by night, opening 
stealthily one small gate for them. Thus he too 
came to Byzantium. 


XVI - 


Tuus matters stood with the Romans. But the 
Persians, though defeated by Belisarius in the battle 
at Daras, refused even so to retire from there, until 
Rufinus, coming into the presence of Cabades, spoke 
as follows: “O King, I have been sent by thy 
brother, who reproaches thee with a just reproach, 
because the Persians for no righteous cause have 
come in arms into his land. But it would be more 
seemly for a king who is not only mighty, but also 
wise as thou art, to secure a peaceful conclusion of 
war, rather than, when affairs have been satisfactorily 
settled, to inflict upon himself and his people un- 
necessary confusion. Wherefore also I myself have 
come here with good hopes, in order that from 
now on both peoples may enjoy the blessings which 
come from peace.” Sospoke Rufinus. And Cabades 
replied as follows: “O son of Silvanus, by no means 
try to reverse the causes, understanding as you do 
best of all men that you Romans have. been the 
chief cause of the whole confusion. For we have 
taken the Caspian Gates to the advantage of both 
Persians and Romans, after forcing out the barbarians 
there, since Anastasius, the Emperor of the Romans, 
as you yourself doubtless know, when the opportunity 
was offered him to buy them with money, was not 


I4I 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Xpnpace avetaOat, ovK 70 erev, éT ws Py orpa- 
Tevpa eis mavra Tov aiava évtad0a éyov xpn- . 
pata peydra vrrép duporépav mpotec Oat avary- 
Katya. €& éxeivou Te 1mets oTpariav TooauTny 
TO TrIHOos évTaida KATATTNO 4MEvor Kal és TOV 
mapovra xpovov ext pépovres Sedabxapev vpiv TO 
Ye Kara TOUS éxeivy BapBdpous pépos adj@rov 
TD Xepav oixeiy, Ebv TONG ampaywoovvy Ta 
bpéerepa avT av éxovew. damep dé ov ixavov 
tpiv TovTO ye, Kal ToAL peyahny Adpas émurel- 
xiopa [lépcats reroinabe, kaimep Svappndnv év 
tabs omovoais drrevpn wEvOV | dorep *Avatonuos 
pos Tépoas eBeror Kal aw avrov dvoty oTpa- 
tom édow avayKn mévous Te Kal Saray | KeKaKa- 
car Tra Tepody mTpdywata, TO Bev, dws [4% 
Maccayérat THD apporépov ya aye Te Kal 
pépew adeds Sivwvtat, Td Sé, bras av Tas 
UMETEpas emidpouas avaoTéd Rouen. dmép Ov 
evaryxos Heppomeveny Ov, Suoiy Te TO Erepov 
afiowTov Tap ULav yiryvecOau, 4 e& dudorépov 
Tov és TMUAas Tas Kaorias otpatov otédreoOat, 
H Todt Adpas xatadvecOa, TOY pev Aeyouéev@v 
Thy padOnow ov. mpociece, kax@ Sé pelo 
kpatvvacbar tv és Ilépoas ériBovrAnv eyv@re, 
el Te pepvnueOa THs ev Mivdovos oixodopias: Kal 
vov dé “Pwpators éXeTa pev TA THs eipnyys, aipeTa 
dé Ta Ora, 7) TA Sixara pds nuas TiOEpévors, 7) 
an’ évavtias aitav iotow. od yap ta bra 
KataOnoovor mpotepov Ilépcat, mpiv 81) avTois 
‘Popaio:. 7 tas midas Stxaiws te Kal opbas 
EvupvrdEovow, ) wodw Adpas Kxatadvoovet.” 


142 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xvi. 4-8 


willing to do so, in order that he might not be com- 
pelled to squander great sums of money in behalf of 
both nations by keeping an army there perpetually. 
And since that time we have stationed that great 
army there, and have supported it up to the present 
time, thereby giving you the privilege of inhabiting 
the land unplundered as far as concerns the bar- 
barians on that side, and of holding your own 
possessions with complete freedom from trouble. 
But as if this were not sufficient for you, you have also 
made a great city, Daras, as a stronghold against the 
Persians, although this was explicitly forbidden in the 
treaty which Anatolius arranged with the Persians ; 
and as a result of this it is necessary for the Persian 
state to be afflicted with the difficulties and the 
expense of two armies, the one inorder that the 
Massagetae may not be able fearlessly to plunder the 
land of both of us, and the other in order that we 
may check your inroads. When lately we made a 
protest regarding these matters and demanded that 
one of two things should be done by you, either that 
the army sent to the Caspian Gates should be sent 
by both of us, or that the city of Daras should be 
dismantled, you refused to understand what was 
said, but saw fit to strengthen your plot against the 
Persians by a greater injury, if we remember correctly 
the building of the fort in Mindouos.t And even 
now the Romans may choose peace, or they may 
elect war, by either doing justice to us or going 
against our rights. For never will the Persians lay 
down their arms, until the Romans either help them 
in guarding the gates, as is just and right, or dis- 
mantle the city of Daras.’”’ With these words 
é 1 Cf. Book I. xiii. 2. 
143 


10 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


tocatra KaBddns ecirav tov mpeaBevTny arre- 
TEWNPATO, Tapadmhacas OS ob Bouhopévep ein 
Xpnwara TE Tpos “Popatoy AaBeiv Kal Tas Tob 
Torkuov KaTadvew aitias. damep ‘Pougivos. és 
Bufavtiov HKOV Baonet Hyyecdev. 00 82) ov 
TOAD botepov wal ‘Eppoyerns adixero, Kab 0 
XELLOV enyés Kal TéTaprov eros érehevTa *Tov- 
oTiviave Bactrel THY avToKpdTopa apxnv ExovTL. 


XVII 


"“Aua 8 hoe apxopéve otpdrevpa Tlepody 
‘ASapeBov Hyryoupmévou éoéBahev €s ‘Popatov Thy 
yn. ioav dé TevTaKLaxtreol Te Kal pbpiot, 
immeis admavtes. Kal avrots "Adapodvdapos 6 
Laxixns Evy, mdprohty Twa Gushov Zapa- 
KNV@V EXOD. abr Te Tlépcais ” éaBorn ov 
xabamep ei@Ger éyeveTo" ov yap és Thy Mego- 
ToTapiay éo éBaddov @oTEp TA ™ poTepa, adn’ 
és THY Taal pev Koppaynyyy, Tavov dé KaXov- 
pevay Evgparngiav,, d0ev 51) ov TOTOTE Tépoa 
T poTtepon, doa ye as «ldévar, éml ‘Pepatous 
éoTpatevoay. éTou 6é évexa Mecororapia TE 

pa. éxrajOn Kal ot Tépoa THS és TaUTHY 
ae arréaXovro épav epXopae. 

"Opos ov Riav dmroToMov év ‘A ppeviows éori, 
@ecodociovTrorews —juev dvo Kab Tec capaKovTa 
otadiow diéxor, TET Pa ppevor dé adtis ™ pos 
Boppav dvepov. Kal mya vo ev évde eEiaat, 
moTapovs duo Towovoat avTixa, Eippdrny, pev 
n év deEid, 1) Se On éErépa Tiypny dvoma. rTovTow 


144 





ae ee 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xvi. 9-xvii. 5 


Cabades dismissed the ambassador, dropping the 
hint that he was willing to take money from the 


Romans and have done with the causes of the war. . 


This was reported to the emperor by Rufinus when 
he came to Byzantium. Hermogenes also came 
thither not long afterwards, and the winter came 


to a close ; thus ended the fourth year of the reign 531 a.». 


of the Emperor Justinian. 


XVII 


Ar the opening of spring a Persian army under 
the leadership of Azarethes invaded the Roman 


_ territory. They were fifteen thousand strong, all 


horsemen. With them was Alamoundaras, son of 
Saccice, with a very large body of Huns But this 
invasion was not made by the Persians in the 
customary manner; for they did not invade 
Mesopotamia, as formerly, but the country called 
Commagene of old, but now Euphratesia, a point 
from which, as far as we know, the Persians never 
before conducted a campaign against the Romans. 
But why the land was called Mesopotamia and why 
the Persians refrained from making their attack at 
this point is what I now propose to relate. 

There is a mountain in Armenia which is not 
especially precipitous, two-and-forty stades removed 
from Theodosiopolis and lying toward the north from 
it. From this mountain issue two springs, forming 
immediately two rivers, the one on the right called 
the Euphrates, and the other the Tigris. One of 


145 
VOL, I. L 


Aa Che 


10 


ll 


12 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


arepos pév, r) Téypns, ove mepuodous Teal x po- 
pevos ovTe VOadTaV OTL pH odiryoov ot émuywo- 
pévov, cevOd "Apidns morews Kdtevor. Kal adTis 
és Ta ™ pos Boppav dvepov Tm poiwy xwpel és Tay 
‘Acoupiov Tip X@par. 0 6é 8 Evgparns péperae 
pep Kar apyas éri Tuva x@pov orLryov, evdds 
Tm poicy apaviferar, ovy brroyevos pévTor yLvomevos, 
GXNG Th Ot EvpBaivor Oavydoroy oiov’ bmép yap 
Tod boaTos TéApa emt mrEelcTov Bald yiveras, 
pijwos pev Soov éml otadious TEVTHKOVTA, edpos 
dé elxoor Kal Kadapov puerta TON TL XPHMA 
év TO THNAO TOUT. és Tocov 6€ oKANpds TIS O 
ods évrav0d éorw dare Tos évTuyxdvouow 
ovdey Gro Soxeiv 4) Hrevpoy elvat. em avT@ 
Toivuy EvpBaiver ovdév ‘bebidas melovs TE cal 
imméas topever Oar. Kal pay cal dpatar mapt- 
aoww evd évde mohnal TpEpa éxdorn, GX ovdev 
TO Tapatav iaxvovot Kuve TL i) eEedéyxeuy Tob 
TEAMATOS. Katover 8é ods Kahapous ot émre- 
X@pvor ava Tay eT 0s, TOD jn) Tas odovs mpos 
avTov eipyecOar, Kai more TVEUHATOS evtav0a 
eEarotov émimes OvTOS péxpe és Ta TOV pilav 
éoxaTa TO mip éfixveia Oar TETUXIKE, kal To 
bdwp év xeoplep Ord\iy@ davivary xpovou Se 
xo0s aides ov modXOv Evpuels amréda@xe 16 
xepio TO OX pA ep ovmep TO TpoTEpov Vv. 
évOevoe TE O ToTapos: mpocrow és TH Kereonviy 
Kahoupevny xXe@pav, ov é7 TO év Tavpous TIS, *Aprté- 
psdos iepov Hv, evOev Aéyous THY “Ayapéuvovos 
‘Tpiyéverav Evy te ‘Opéotn Kal IlvAddy puyeiv TO 
Tis "A préusdos dyarpa pépovoay. 0 yap &dXos 
vews, ds 69 Kal és éué éotw év Tore Kopavn, 
146 





oe 
= 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xvii. 5-12 


these, the Tigris, descends, with no deviations and 
with no tributaries except small ones emptying into 
it, straight toward the city of Amida. And contin- 


uing into the country which lies to the north of this 


city it enters the land of Assyria. But the 
Euphrates at its beginning flows for a short distance, 
and is then immediately lost to sight as it goes on; 
it does not, however, become subterranean, but a 
very strange thing happens. For the water is 
covered by a bog of great depth, extending about 
fifty stades in length and twenty in breadth ; and 
reeds grow in this mud in great abundance. But 
the earth there is of such a hard sort that it seems to 


_ those who chance upon it to be nothing else than 


solid ground, so that both pedestrians and horsemen 
travel over it without any fear.’ Nay more, even 
wagons pass over the place in great numbers every 
day, but they are wholly insufficient to shake the 
bog or to find a weak spot in it at any point. The 
natives burn the reeds every year, to prevent the 
roads being stopped up by them, and once, when an 
exceedingly violent wind struck the place, it came 
about that the fire reached the extremities of the 
roots, and the water appeared at a small opening ; 
but in a short time the ground closed again, and 
gave the spot the same appearance which it had had 
before. From there the river proceeds into the land 
called Celesene, where was the sanctuary of Artemis 
among the Taurians, from which they say Iphigenia, 
daughter of Agamemnon, fled with Orestes and 
Pylades, bearing the statue of Artemis. For the 
other temple which has existed even to my day in 
the city of Comana is not the one “Among the 


147 
E.2 


13 


14 


_ 
Or 


1 


x. 


17 


18 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


ovy 0 év Tavpas éotiv. add’ bras éyéveto éyw 
dnA@ow. itil 
"Ered x Tadpov "Opéorns Edv tH aderph 
antiav @xeTo, EvvéTerev AUTO voohoat TO TOpa. 
Kal audl TH viom TvvOavonéve xphoa TO wav- 
telov pac ov TpoTepov NwhHTEW av’TO. TO 
Kakov, tTplv TH Aptéwd. vadv Seipacbas év xOp@ 
To.ovT@ oiov 67 Tov év Tavpos EvpBaiver civac, 
évTav0d te amoKeipacOar THY avToU Kounv Kal 
auTH opwvipws Karéoar THY TOL. O10  O2) 
"Opéotnv Tepucvta ta éxetvyn yopia év Iovr 
yevécOat, xatideiy te Opos 0 dy évtTavla arro- 
Tomov aTeKpEUATO, Epper. Te évepbev mapa Tas TOU 
épovs éoxyatias trotamos “Ips. umotomyncayra 
ovv tov Opéotyny. tOTe TOdTOV, of TOV Yapov Oy- 
Rody TO pavteiov, TOALY TE évTAVOA AOdyou akiav 
kal Tov tTHS "Apréusdos vewv. Seipacbar, THY TE 
Kounv atroOpiEdpevov opwvipws ait Kadécas 
THy Todt 6) Koywava Kal és ewe ovondferat. 
router te Opéotn éFeipyacpéver ovdé& 7 hocor, 
ei pu) Kal pwadXov, THY vocov axudlew. aicbo- 
pevov S& Tov avOpwTrov ws ovK émiTNSeiws TadTA 
TO pavtel@ Troloin, atavra avOis Twepudvta dia- 
oxoTeicbat Kal yapov tia év Karadoxats eb- 
peiv TO ev Tavpos Ta padduoTa. éupepéoraroy. 
évTep Kal eyo mTodddKis idov nydcOnv Te 
breppuds Kal wor edoxouyv év Tavpats eivat. Td 
TE yap pos TodTo' eKelvm aTExXVas EoLKen,% eel 
kavtavda 0 Tatpds éott, Kal o motamos Ydpos 
tT) tavtn Eivdpdryn eixaferar. modmy te odp 
akiobéatov @Kxodounoato évtad0a "Opéorns «al 
vews Ovo, Tov Erepoy ev TH Apréueds, Tov be 


148 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xvii. 12-18 


Taurians.” But I shall explain how this temple: 
came into being. 

When Orestes had departed in haste from the 
Taurians with his sister, it so happened that he 
contracted some disease. And when he made 
inquiry about the disease they say that the oracle 
responded that his trouble would not abate until he 
built a temple to Artemis in a spot such as the ‘one 
among the Taurians, and there cut off his hair and 
named the city after it. So then Orestes, going 
about the country there, came to Pontus, and saw a 
mountain which rose steep and towering, while 
below along the extremities of the mountain flowed 


_ the river Iris. Orestes, therefore, supposing at that 


time that this was the place indicated to him by the 
oracle, built there a great city and the temple of 
Artemis, and, shearing off his hair, named after it 
the city which even up to the present time has been 
called Comana. The story goes on that after Orestes 
had done these things, the disease continued to be 
as violent as before, if not. even more so. Then the 
man perceived that he was not satisfying the oracle 
by doing these things, and he again went about 
looking everywhere and found a certain spot in 
Cappadocia very closely resembling the one among 
the Taurians. I myself have often seen this place 
and admired it exceedingly, and have imagined that I 
was in the land of the Taurians. For this mountain 
resembles the other remarkably, since the Taurus is 
here also and the river Sarus is similar to the 
Euphrates there.’ So Orestes built in that place an 
imposing city and two temples, the one to Artemis 


149 


19 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA‘) >): 


dddov Th aderph "Ipuyeveiq, ods 67 Xproriavot 
iepa odion TETOLNVT AL, THS oixodopias ovdev. TO, 
mapamav petaBanovres. avTn Kaneirar Kal vov 
a _xpuai Kouava, THs “Opéctou Kons emovupos 
ovaa, hv oy éxeivoy évradd pacw aoxetpa- 


20 pevov Suauyeiv TO appoornua. TUNES dé. re 


21 


youow aUTOV OUK addny Twa, vorov a TH paviav 
TAUTHY amopuyely, H nT™Ep avTov eoxev émrevd7) THY 
PT Epa TH éavTod extewev. eyo dé emt tov 
TpoTtEpov Noyov em dyer. 

"Ex Te yap. Tov év Tapas "Appevlooy Kad 
Xe@pas THS Kereonvijs Tmotapmos Kudparns év Seba 
péov ynv. Te TOAANY meptBarreTat, kat TOTALOD 
oi adhov TE ceva wuryvy Lev ov Kal avTov ‘A paivou 
ds 2) .€k TOV Tlepcappevior KaNOUJLEVOY rohvs 
péperar, peyas Te, @S TO eiK 0s, yeyev nuevos és 
TOUS Tada pep Aeveocvpous, vov Oé "A ppevious 
put povs Kadoupévous Xopet, Ov én mods TPOT) 


22 Medurnvy AOyou ToANOD afia é éort. TO O€ évTed- 


23 


Bev Ta TE Lapocara "Tapappel Kal TH ‘Tepdrrohu. 
Kat mavra Ta éxeivy Xwpia expt és TOY “Acov- 
pov THD yy, ob 8 arp ow, apdoo T@ TOTAL 
avapiyvupero & dvopa TO TOD Tirypntos amroKe- 
KpivTat. Xopa yoo  ék Lapordray € éxros Ee- 
ppatov Torapod €or marau pay Kopparynvi 
exrOn, Tavov dé TO ToTame éoru eT @VU LOS. Ue 
be ToUTOU €VTOS, y) 67) avrod Te péon Kat Tiypntos 
éoTt, Megorrotapia, os TO €iKos, ovomaterae: poipa. 
pévTor aUTHS ov TOUT@ Movov 7@ OVOMATLs adhe 


24 Kat addXos Tioly eT LK ANELT AL. n TE ya ax pus: 


"Apidns.oreas "Appevia mpos évioy avopacrar, 
"Edeood te Edv tois aud’ abtnv ywpioisOcponry 
150 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xvii. 18-24 


and the other to his sister Iphigenia, which the 


Christians have made sanctuaries for themselves, 
without changing their structure at all. This is 
called even now Golden Comana, being named from 
the hair of Orestes, which they say he cut off there 
and thus escaped from his affliction. But some say 
that this disease from which he escaped was nothing 
else than that of madness which seized him after he 
had killed his own mother. But [ shall return to 
the previous narrative. 

From Tauric Armenia and the land of Celesene the 
River Euphrates, flowing to the right of the Tigris, 
flows around an extensive territory, and since many 
rivers join it and among them the Arsinus, whose 


_ copious stream flows down from the land of the so- 


called Persarmenians, it becomes naturally a great 
river, and flows into the land of the people anciently 
called White Syrians but now known as the Lesser 
Armenians, whose first city, Melitene, is one of great 
importance... From there it flows past Samosata and 
Hierapolis and all the towns in that region as far as 
the land of Assyria, where the two rivers unite with 
each other into one stream which bears the name of 
the Tigris. The land which lies outside the 
River Euphrates, beginning with Samosata, was 
called in ancient times Commagene, but now it is 
named after the river. But the land inside the river, 
that namely which is. between it and the Tigris, is 
appropriately _named Mesopotamia; however, a 
portion of it is called not only by this name, but 
also by certain others. For the land as far as the 
city of Amida has come to be called Armenia by 
some, while Edessa together with the country 


1 « Buphratesia”; cf. section 2. 


151 


26 


27 


28 


30 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


an \ fot r 

tod ‘Oapoov! éravupos éoriv, avdpos évtadOa 

A / , 

BeBactrevnitos év tots dvw xpovors Hvixa Tép- 
sory 

cats of TavTn avOpaTa évoTrovoo Roav. Tlépoar 


ody émevdi) mpos ‘Pwpaiwv NiovBiv re modu Kal 
Gdra atta Mecorotapias ywpia éraPor, jvika 
érrl ‘Pwpaious otpatevery éweddov, YOpav ev THV 
éxtos Eigpdtou rotapod év oduywpia Trovovpevot, 


éx tod él mrciotov dvudpdv Te Kal avOpa@Trarv. 


»” s > fa X / > + Re / 
épnuov ovcar, évravOa Sé Tove ovdevi. ayeLrpopevot, 


e/ > , > , } Ne , rn > / 
dite é€v xopa oixeia Te Kal TOhemia TH olKOUpevy 
> / BA > / \ > \ > > } 
ayxotatw ovon, évOévde tas éaBodas ael €rroL 


ovvTo. | 

“Hvixa b€ jhoonbels 0 Mippavns th payn Kal 
Tovs TAEioTOUS aTOBadoV TO GAX@ TTPATO €s TA 
Ilepcav On adixeto, rowhs étuye mpos Bact- 
réws KaBddou mixpads. Kocpov yap adetheto 
avrov dv 6) avabeicba Tov ev TH Kehahh TPLYOV 
el@Oer, Ex Te ypucov Kal papydpav TeTrolnpevor. 
akiwpa S¢ todto év Ilépcais péya peta ye THY 
Laciréos tiny. évtadda yap ovte SaxtudN@ 

a ” , ” / a ” ” 
Xpuc®@ ovTe Covn ovTE TrEepovn YpnaaL ovTE AAA 
c na , 4 \. 49 / > U4 
oTwovv Oéuts, Ste pr) ex Baciréws akvaérte. 

Kai 70 Xorrov 0 KaBddns év BovdF eixev GvTwa 
Tpotrov autos él ‘Pwapatious otpatevor. Muppavou 
yap oparévtos ottws waoTep éppnOn, em arp 
ovdevlt TO Oappeiv eiye. Kal oi érl TrEiaToV aTro- 

/ > 4 3 rn r 
poupéve Arapovvdapos 0 TaY Lapaxnvov Bact- 
reds trpocedOay eitvev “OU mavta, @ déoroTa, 

1 rod ’Oopdéov Haury: te dapdov VP, repdov G. 

152 


Ns 


> 
q 








HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xvii. 24-30 


around it is called Osroene, after Osroes, a man who 
was king in that place in former times, when the 
men of this: country were in alliance with the 
Persians. After the time, therefore, when the 
Persians had taken from the Romans the city of 
Nisibis and certain other places in Mesopotamia, 
whenever they were about to make an expedition 
against the Romans, they disregarded the land 
outside the River Euphrates, which was for the most 
part unwatered and deserted by men, and gathered 
themselves here with no trouble, since they were in 
a land which was their own and which lay very 
close to the inhabited land of their enemy, and from 
here they always made their invasions. 

When the Mirranes, defeated in battle? and with 
the greater part of his men lost, came back to the 
Persian. land with the remainder of his army, he 
received. bitter punishment, at the hands of King 
Cabades, For he took away from him a decoration 
which he was accustomed. to bind upon the, hair of 
his head, an ornament wrought of gold. and pearls. 
Now this is a great dignity among the Persians, 
second only to the kingly honour. For there it is 
unlawful to wear a gold ring or girdle or brooch or 
anything else whatsoever, except a man be counted 
worthy to do so by the king. 

Thereafter Cabades began to consider in what 
manner he himself should make an expedition against 
the Romans. For after the mirranes had failed in the 
manner I have told, he felt confidence in no one else. 
While he was completely at aloss.as to what he should 
do, Alamoundaras, the king of the Saracens, came 
before him and said: “Not everything, O. Master, 


1 Oh. xiv. 28-54. 
153 


31 


32 


33 


34 


36 


37 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Xpeov €oTL TL TEvELV Th TUXN OVSE TODS TohEwous 
olecOau deiv xatopboby & dmavTas. ovde yap eK 0S 
TOTO ye ovdé aAKWS avO per evov, Gra Kal akvp- 
gopos airy padiora : TOiS avTH ex opevors » Evvola. 
€oTl. Tovs yap anavta opiow émrigavras 
Trayaba érerbar opanrevras ToTé, av obo TUXOL, 
v) édrls ov déov 7 HyNnTapevn Tov 7 poankovTos panr- 
ov nviace. 610 ovK eXouTes ae érl tH TH 

TO Oappeiv av0 pwrrot ovK €x TOU evéos é és xivduvov 
Tohemov cabiaravrat, Kav 7@ maptl TOY Toheploy 
Umepatpew avx aor, adr’ anarn Te Kab pnxavais, 
Tio t mepteh ety Tovs évavTious €év omoudy € éxoveww. 
ols yap eK TOU aytumdhou 6 Kivduves é cor ovK év 
BeBaio 7a, Tis viens Yopel. voV odV pHTEe ols 
Meppavns 7 HrToxnoev odT@ TEepLwduvos, @ Bacidéwv 
Baorred, yivov, pyre adlis anorreipacac ba Bov- 
ov Ths TUYNS. Mecororapias yap kal Tis 
"Oc ponrvis Kadovpévns X@pas, dre TAY ody optov 
ayxvora ovens, at Te TONES oxupoTatat elo 
Tardy padduora Kal oTpaTi@Tav TAGs ofov ov 
ToOmoTE 7 poTepov Tavov éxovow, dare jpiv 
avToce todowy ovK év TO aogpanel : Ta THS ayovias 
YEUNT ETAL, €v pEVTOL TH XO, i) ex TOs Evddparou 
TOTAMOV TuyxXaver obaa, Kal 7H TAUTNS eXouErD 
Lupia ote modEws oxXUpopa ouTE oTpaTevpa 
Aoyou aévov é €oTL. Tatra yap TOANAKLS TPOS TOV 
éml KatacKoTh és TavTas éoTadpévov Lapaknvav 
jeovoa.  evOa 1) wal TON “AvTvoxeray elvat 
pace, TROUT TE kal peyéber Kal wohvavO pomia 
T POT ny TodEwy anac ay TOV év Tos Ewots 
‘Peopators obcav: 7 61 abiranros Te Kal oTpa~ 
TiwTav épnwos éotw. ov yap addov ovdevds TO 


154 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xvii. 30-37 


should .be entrusted to fortune, nor .should one 
believe that all wars ought to be successful. For this 
is not likely and besides itis not in keeping with the 
course of human events, but this.idea is most unfortu- 
nate for those who are possessed by it. For when men 
who expect that all the good things will come to them 
fail at any time, if it sovhappen, they are distressed 
more than is seemly by the very hope which wrongly 
led them on. Therefore, since’ men have not al- 
ways confidence’ in fortune, they do not: enter into 
the danger of war in a straightforward way, even if 
they boast’ that they surpass the enemy in every 
respect, but by deception and divers devices they exert 
themselves to circumvent their opponents. For 
those who assume the risk of an éven struggle have 
no assurance of victory. Now; therefore, O King of 
Kings, neither be thus distressed by the misfortune 
which has befallen Mirranes, nor desire again to 
make trial of fortune.’ For in Mesopotamia and the 
land of Osroené, as it is called, since it is very close 
to thy boundaries, the cities are very strong above all 
others, and now they contain a multitude of soldiers 
such as never before, so that if. we go there the 
contest will not prove a safe one; but in the land 
which lies outside the River Euphrates, and in Syria 
which adjoins it, there is neither a fortified city nor 
an army of any importance. For this I have often 
heard from the Saracens sent as spies to these parts. 
There too; they say, is the city of Antioch, in wealth 
and size and population the: first of all the cities of 
the: Eastern) Roman Empire ; and this city is un- 
guarded and destitute of soldiers. For the, people 


#55 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA , 


TAUTNS Siu 6 bt py Tavyrybpe av Te Kal tTpudas 
péret Kal THIS év Gear pous ael mpos addi Rous 


38 piroverxias. dare nv éK TOU arpooboxnrou én’ 


avrovs iwper, Tip Te mon aipnoew Hpas e& ém- 
dpouhs oddev a dreds Kal under € evTuxovTas Tone- 
piov oTpaTe elra emavenbeiy € és Ta Mepody 7On, 
ovTe TET VT HEVOV ta Evprecovta tov év Meoo- 


39 TmoTapia TTpATLOTaDY. ddaros de 4 ddov Tou 
TOV emurndelav amopias mépt pnBév ce eicito 


“eyo yep. TO oTpaT@ éEnynoouar brn av Soxm 
apie elvaw.” 


40 . Tadra dxovcas Kafdéins ore avteteivey ovte 


amvareiy elev. Hv yep AX apo svdapos Evvet@ra- 
TOs Te Kal THS Kara, Toepov éurrerpias ev Kav; 
Tlépeais te ToT OS és Ta pauora Kab Siadepov- 
TOS Spacrnpios, 0 ds .62) és TEVTHKOVTA evauTa@v 
x povov és youu éNeciv Ta “Popator € érroinge m™pary- 
41 pata. ex yap TOV Aiyorrou oplov apEduevos 
Kal HEX pL és Mecororapiay AneSopevos Ta éxeivy 
xwpia, Tye TE Kal ayehey epefijs dnayra, Kaley 
TE Tas év Tool oixo omias Kal Tovs avO porous 
KaTe TONNAS ael pupiddas ab parrodiFov, Kal 
avTov Tovs bev TrElcToUs aTroKTeive@v ovderl * 
OYE, tous dé ddXous drobopuevos par ov 


42 peyaov. annyra dé of TOV TavT@V ovoeis. ov 
yap MOTE AVETLTKETTTOS érrovet To Thy epodor, arr’ 


oUT@S eEarwaios Te Kal avr és Ta bamora 
emirndei@s, @ @OTE O per 767, @S TA TONG £ov TH 
rela maon aTL@Vv @XETO, of be oTparnyot Te Kal 
oTpaTiarat mruvOaveo Bai Te Ta Evprecovra kal 


43 ayelpecOar én’ abrov Hpxovto. iv Sé mou avTov 


Kal KaTaraBelv TUXD TIVl ExxXoV, aX’ Ett aTrAapa- 
156 1 odder1 VG: éi P. 


| 
| 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xvii. 37-43 


of this city care for nothing else than fétes and 
luxurious living, and their constant rivalries with each 
other in the theatres. Accordingly, if we go against 
them unexpectedly, it is not at all unlikely that we 
shall capture the city by a sudden attack, and that 
we shall return to the land of the Persians without 
having met any hostile army, and before the troops 
in Mesopotamia have learned what has happened. 
As for lack of water or of any kind of provisions, let 
no such thought occur to thee; for I myself shall 
lead the army wherever it shall seem best.” 

When Cabades heard this he could neither oppose 
nor distrust the plan. For Alamoundaras was most 
discreet and well experienced in matters of warfare, 
thoroughly faithful to the Persians, and unusually 
energetic.—a man who for a space of fifty years 
foreed the Roman state to bend the knee. For 
beginning from the boundaries of Aegypt and as far 
as Mesopotamia he plundered the whole country, 
pillaging one place after another, burning the build- 
ings in his track and making-.captives of the popula- 
tion by the tens of thousands on each raid, most of 
whom he killed without consideration, while he gave 
up the others for great sums of money. And he was 
confronted by no one at all. For he never made his 
inroad without looking about, but so suddenly did 
he move and so very opportunely for himself, that, 
as a tule, he was already off with all the plunder 
when the generals and the soldiers were beginning 
to learn what had happened and to gather themselves 
against him. If, indeed, by any chance, they were 
able to catch him, this barbarian would fall upon his 


137 


45 


46 


47 


48 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


oKevols TE 0dGL kal ov Evvretaypévors émumer oy 
Tois Su@Kovew o BapBapos obTos étpemé Te Kal 
dvepPerpev odderi Tove, Kal ToTe TOvS) didxovras 
oTpAaTLaTas Edv tots dpyovow eCaoypyoev a amav- 
Tas. Tipoot patos dé Hv o ‘Poudivou adedpos Kat 
*Twdvyns 0 Tod Aovna mais, ods 87 amédoro i bore- 
pov, tAOVTOY avT@Y ov pairov ovee TOV TuxovTa 
meptBad)opevos. Kal 70 Evprav eimrety Karner o- 
TaTds Te Kal deworaros ovTos avnp yéyove “Po- 
patous TONELLOS mar ov pamoTa. aitiop be Hv 
ore ’AXapovvdapos pev Bactrhéws akiwpa éxov 
am dvr ov H-Ov0s TOV. €v Hépoass Lapaxnvav HPXEs 
Tavti TE TO oTpaT@ olds Te ay ael THV épodov 
movciaBar Onn BovrorTo. THs ‘Papaior apxs’ 
ovdels O€ ovTE “Popaior oTpaTvoT av apxov, ods 
dodKas Kanrovawy, ouTE Zapaxnvav Tav ‘Papatos 
evo TOveeoy 1) TYOUpEVoS, ob dvdapyxot émtKadodvTaL, 
Evy TOUS ETOMEVOLS ‘AAapourdape dvrirdEao bau 
ixavars elev" év XOpe yap éxdoTn Tots Toheptous 
OvK aEvopaxor € eTETaXATO. 810 87 Bacwreds ‘Tov- 
oTLVLaVvoS purais OTL Tretia Tas A péay TOV 
TaBara maida éméaty cer, ds TOV év ‘ApaBious 
Lapaxnvar 7) TIPXEY: akiwpa Baorhéws auT@ mept- 
Oépevos, ov TpoTepov TovTO ev ye “Papaious 
yeyoues TOTOTE, ‘Adapovvdapos HEVTOL ovdéy TL 
HOTOV, eb pn Kal HadQov, Ta Popaiov, m pdrypara 
EpOerpev, ‘Apé@a € év TaoY epddep TE Kal ayovig, 7) 
GTUXOULTOS os pada 7} Katam pooLoovTos, @S 
TAXLOT A. ov yap Tw cages TL ah’ avtT@ lo pev. 
TaUTH TE EvvéBn ‘Adapouvdapy, ovdevos ob avTe- 
oTATODVTOS, emt pnKioToY THY éEdaV Aniver Bar 
Tacav, ere Kail paxpoBidTtatos aTexyvas yéyove. 

1538 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xvii. 43-48 


pursuers while still unprepared and not in battle 
array, and would rout and destroy them with no 


‘ trouble; and on one occasion he made prisoners of 


all the soldiers who were pursuing him together with 
their officers. These officers were Timostratus, the 
brother of Rufinus, and John, the son of Lucas, 
whom he gave up indeed later, thereby gaining for 
himself no mean or trivial wealth. And, in a word, 
this man proved himself the most difficult and 
dangerous enemy of all to the Romans. . The reason 
was this, that Alamoundaras, holding the position of 
king, ruled alone over all the Saracens in Persia, and 
he was always able to make his inroad with the 
whole army wherever he wished in the Roman 
domain; and neither any commander of Roman 
troops, whom they call “duces,” nor any leader of 
the Saracens allied with the Romans, who are called 
“ phylarchs,” was strong enough with his men to 
array himself against Alamoundaras; for the troops 
stationed in the different districts were not a match 
in battle for the enemy. For this reason the Emperor 
Justinian put in command of as many clans as possible 
Arethas, the son of Gabalas, who ruled over the 
Saracens of Arabia, and bestowed upon him the 
dignity of king, a thing which among the Romans 
had never before been done. However Alamoundaras 
continued to injure the Romans just as much as be- 
fore, if not more, since Arethas was either extremely 
unfortunate in every inroad and every conflict, or else 
he turned traitor as quickly as he could. For as yet 
we. know nothing certain about him. In this way it 
came about that Alamoundaras, with no one to stand 
against him, plundered the whole East for an exceed- 
ingly long time, for he lived to a very advanced age. 


159 


581 A.D. 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


XVIII 


1. Tovrov obv rote Tod avdpos TH UToOHKH jodels 
KaBdaéns avdpas mevrasiaxidlous Te Kal pupious 
arroneEdpevos "AlapéOnv avtois a8 pa Tlépony 
éméoTnae diadepovTas dryabov Ta Tohémwa, Kal 
odiow ‘AXapovvdapor THS Tmopetas e&nyelo Bar 

2 éxéevev. ot dé Tov Ebdhpdtny morapov diaBav- 
TES eV ‘Accupiors, vip Te Topev0 évres Tiva epnwov 
avO pomov, adve és TOV Kopparynvov xadoupévov 

3 Thy yopay Tapa dd£av éoéBaddov. abrn TE Torn 
ev évb_ Hepoov éa Bory € és yay THY ‘Popalov é éryé- 
veto, 60a ye pas akon U) Tpom@ T@ adr eriota- 
cOa, Kal mavTas “‘Pauaious T® dm por doxir@ 

4 Karem Eev. & 5% écrel Bedro dpos enable, Ta bev 
mpara duntropeito, peta oe Bonbeiv Kata _TaXos 
éyva. pudanyy Té avrapKn €v ToAet éxdory 
KaTaoTnoadmevos, Stas pn KaBadns te Kal 
orparevpa TOV mone mbar ado évradba iovTes 
apvhakra TO Tapamav evprjoouar Ta én Meao- 
moTapias Xopia, avros TO aro oTpaT@ vmrnv- 

tiaker, Eudparny TE TOTA Mov SiaBavres oroven 

5 TOAAH Mpocw ex@povy. oO ev odV Popateov 
orparos és Suc puplous paMora melous TE Kal 
imméas Evyyet, ral avT@v “Toavpor ov ooov a 

6 Sia xidvoe 7) joay. cipxouTes bé imméov ) weV dmavres 
HoaV ov Ta mporepa THV eV Adpas Maxnv pos TE 
Ilépcas xal Mepparny Sunveyxav, welav Se TOV 
Tes Sopupopov ‘lovetuiavod Bacidéws, Tlétpos 

7 dvopa.,. tos pévtor. “loavpos Aoyyivos te Kal 
Xtepavaxios eperatnxecav. evtadda 5é Kal “Apé- 


160 


: 


———— 


ee a 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xviii. 1-7 


XVII 


Tuis man’s suggestion at that time therefore 
pleased Cabades, and he chose out fifteen thousand 
men, putting in command of them Azarethes, a 
Persian, who was an exceptionally able warrior, and 
he bade Alamoundaras lead the expedition. So they 
crossed the River Euphrates in Assyria, and, after 
passing over some uninhabited country, they suddenly 
and unexpectedly threw their forces into the land 
of the so-called Commagenae. This was the first 
invasion made by the Persians from this point into 
Roman soil, as far as we know from tradition or by 
any other means, and it paralyzed all the Romans with 
fear by its unexpectedness.. And when this news 
came to the knowledge of Belisarius, at first he was 
at. a_ loss, but afterwards he decided to go to the 
rescue with all speed. So he established a sufficient 
garrison in each city in order that Cabades with 
another hostile army might not come there and find 
the towns of Mesopotamia utterly unguarded, and 
himself with the rest of the army went to meet the 
invasion; and crossing the River Euphrates they 
moved forward in great haste. Now the Roman 
army amounted to about twenty thousand foot and 
horse, and among them not less than two thousand 
were Isaurians. The commanders of cavalry were 
all, the same ones»who had previously fought the 
battle at Daras with Mirranes and the Persians, while 
the infantry were commanded by one of the body- 
guards of the Emperor Justinian, Peter by name. 
The Isaurians, however, were under the, command of 
Longinus and Stephanacius. Arethas also came 


161 
VOL, I. M 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Gas avdtois Eby TO Lapaknvav ctpatetpate FrOev. 
8 émei te és Xadkida modu adixovto, évoTpato- 
medevo dpevor avtov Euevov, émel Tovs ToAcuious 
év xeopio TaBBovredv eivar émbovro, béxa, Kal 
9 éxaTov cTadiols Xarxidos SvexovTt. 8 52) yvovtes 
*AXapotvbapos te kal “Alapélns TOV TE xivduvov 
KaToppwongayTes, émim poo bev OUKETL eX@pOUV; 
arn’ em oikou avtixa 81 amroxepeiv eyvacay. 
avrot te yoov Evdparny ToTapov év apiorepa 
éyovTes omiaw amnavvov Kal 0 ‘Papatoy oTpatos 
10 oma bev elmreto. év TE ™@ YOp@ ov é7), ~ BapBapor 
és vinta éxdorny norivovto, det “Papaior tH 
11 éruyivopevy vuerl éuevor. Behuadpwos yap é&eni- 
TNOdES OOOY Twa melo mopeverOar Td oTpaTevpa 
ovdapi ela, erred ot ouK av Bovdopévy Tos mwohe- 
plows &s xetpas iévar, aAN’ aTroxpiy 4 ETO odgict 
Tlépoas te kal “Adauovvbapor é és iv THY “Popat- 
@v éo BeBAnxoras, eira ev évde ottw 6) atroKexa- 
12 pnoras, gm paxrous eis TA OiKela xopiter dar. 616 
67 dmavres avT@® AdOpa ErowbopodvTo, a apxovres 
Te Kal oTpati@tat, exaxile pévTor avTov és orp 
oveeis. 
13, TeXeuravtes dé Tlépoae pev év tH ToD Kp- 
ppartou Hiove nuMoavro » &n mTrodews Kadduvixov 
avtimépas éoTiv. évbévde yap dua Xepas ™pos 
ovdevos avOparov oixoupérns mopeverOar Emed- 
Aov, obre TE THS ‘Popatov yis amarndocec Oat. 
14 od yap Ere Srevoodvro iévar omep Ta TpoTEpa, 
TIS TOO ToTapod 8x Ons € exyopevor. “Pwpator dé dia- 
vuKrepevoavres év TOAet Lovpwv evOévde Te eEava- 
orTavtes, KatadauBdvover svoKxevafopévous On 
15 és THY adodov Tods Todepuiouvs. éopT? dé  Lac- 
162 


rr en tae 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xviii. 7-15 


there to join them with the Saracen army. When 
they reached the city of Chalcis, they encamped 
and. remained there, since they learned that the 
enemy were in a place called Gabboulon, one hundred 
and ten stades away from Chalcis. When this 
became known to Alamoundaras and Azarethes, they 
were terrified at the danger, and no longer continued 
their advance, but decided to retire homeward 
instantly. Accordingly they began to march back, 
with the River Euphrates on the left, while the 
Roman army was following in the rear. And in the 
spot where the Persians bivouacked each night the 
Romans always tarried on the following night. For 
Belisarius purposely refused to allow the army to 
make any longer march because he did not wish to 
come to an engagement with the enemy, but he 
considered that it was sufficient for them that the 
Persians and Alamoundaras, after invading the land 
of the Romans, should retire from it in such a fashion, 
betaking themselves to their own land without ac- 
complishing anything. And because of this all 
secretly mocked him, both officers and soldiers, but 
not a man reproached him to his face. 

Finally the Persians made their bivouac on the 
bank of the Euphrates just opposite the city ot 
Callinicus. From there they were about to march 
through a country absolutely uninhabited by man, 
and ‘thus to quit the land of the Romans; for they 
purposed noJonger to proceed as before, keeping to 
the bank of the river. The Romans had passed the 
night in the city of Sura, and, removing from there, 
they came upon the enemy just in the act of 
preparing for the departure. Now the feast of Easter 


163 
M 2 


Ap. 19, 5! 


16 


17 


18 


19 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


aria éréxerto uépa éruyernoopéevn TH UaTEpaia, 
jyuépa erry 
iv 8) céBovtar Xpictiavol Twacav pdduorta, 
Huépa te TH TabTHs Tpotépa citiwy TE Kal TOTO 
4 / 7% 
amex opevor od Sinuepevery vevopixact wOvov, ANA 
kal Toppw Tov vnoTes TaV vuKTaDV léval. TOTE 
ovv atravtas Bedioapios opyavras éml Tovs TroAe- 
a a a ‘ 
plovs op@v, TAUTNS TE aTocTHoaL THS yvowns 
grav (tadta yap of. cal “Epuoyévns éyivacKkev 
apre éml mperBela éx Bacirriéws Hxwv) Tods Tapa- 
evoméevous amavtas Euyxadéoas éde€e Tordde 
yevoue ¥ 
“lo? pépecde, avdpes “Papaior, 7 ti temovOdres 
Kivdvvov aipetoOar tpiv adtois ovK avaryKatov 
BovreverOe; piav eivar vieny axiBdnrov olovrat 
avOpwro. TO pndev Servov mpos TOY. TodEuLov 
mabeiv, OTrep nuiv &v ye TO Tapovts SbédMKev H TE 
TUXN Kal Hudv TO KaTA TOV évavtiwv déos. OdKOdV 
[#] amévacbar tov Tapbvtwv aya0av dpewwov 7 
mapeMOovta tadra Enretv. Ulépoar yap moddais 
pev éXrrigw Hypévor emi ‘Papaiovs éeaotpatevaar, 
mavreov é taviv eee T@KOTES és Huyny Opynvrar. 
w@aoTE Vv ovy ExdvTas adTo’s peTaBdrAXrccOat pev 
TIS és THY UTaywy)y yvouns, és xeipas bé tévas 
npiv adtois avayKxdowpmev, VEevLKNKOTES [eV TEOV 
TO mapdtray ovdéev &Eowev. ti yap ay Tis TOV YE 
gevyovta tpérar; oparévtes dé lows tis Te Urap- 
xovons oTepnadpueOa virns, ov Tpos TOV TrOheulov 
adapeévtes, aXX’ adtol tavTnv Tpoéuevot, Kal 


Th Bacrréws yn TO Tots ToAEwios exKeioBar TOV 


164 


PPO TO ie 4 OF 


ae A, Cas a 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xviii. 15-20 


was near and would take place on the following day ; 
this feast is reverenced by the Christians above all 
others, and on the day before it they are accustomed 
to refrain from food and drink not-only throughout 
the day, but™for a large part of the night also they 
continue the fast. Then, therefore, Belisarius, 
seeing that all his men were passionately eager to 
go against. the enemy, wished to persuade them to 
give up this idea (for this course had been counselled 
by Hermogenes also, who had come recently on an 
embassy from the emperor); he accordingly called 
together all who were present and ‘spoke as follows : 
*O Romans, whither are you rushing? and what has 
happened to you that you are purposing to choose for 
yourselves a danger which is not necessary? Men 
believe. that there is only one victory which is 
unalloyed, namely to suffer no harm at the hands of 
the enemy, and this very thing has been given us 


’ in the present instance by fortune and by the fear of 


us that overpowers our foes. Therefore it is better 
to enjoy the benefit of our present blessings than to 
seek them when they have passed. For the Persians, 
led on by many hopes, undertook an expedition 
against the Romans, and now, with everything lost, 
they have beaten a hasty retreat. So that if we 
compel them against their will to abandon their 
purpose of withdrawing and to come to battle with 
us, we shall win no advantage whatsoever if we are 
victorious,—for why” should one’ rout a fugitive ?— 
while if we are unfortunate, as may happen, we shall 
both be deprived of the victory which we now have, 
not robbed of it by the enemy, but flinging it away 
ourselves, and.also we shall abandon the land of 
the emperor to lie open hereafter to the attacks of 


165 


21 


22 


23 


24 


26 


27 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


auvvopévav xwpls TO NovTrOv SOcoper. KaiTtor Kal 
TovTo évOupeicbar twas aEov, Os TOV avayKaior, 
ov Tov av0atpérav Kivdbvev Evvatper Bar 0 Beds 
ael Tots avOporrots pure’. xepls sé ToUT@Y Tots 
bev ovK exovow av orn Tpametev ‘avdpayabife- 
oat ovx éxovatots EupPyoerar, 7 py dé Tora Ta 
evavTL@para és tHv EvpBornv TeTUXNKED elvan’ 
meth TE yap Badifovres ToXXol jKovet kal 
VHT TELS | aTaVTeEs TUyXavoper ovTes. addins ya 
Eye WS TUES ove kal viv tdpect. Beduoa- 
ptos pev Tocatra elrrev. 

‘O 8é otparos és abTov UBprfov * ov ouyh TwWt 
ovde év _mapaBvore, arn’ ave és du. Edv 
Kpavyh Hecovres parBaxor Te Kal THs mpobupias 
Suaduriy éxddovp, 6 } 59 wal TOV apXovT ov TWeS 
Edv Tois oT paTuarars Hed pravov, TavTy 70 eUTON- 
prov évderkvipevot. Kal avTav TO avarexovT 
KataTAayels Beduod ptos dvriotpépas THV mrapal 
veow éyxedevopévm Te On él Tods ToAEMLoUS 
eget Kar Siatdocovrt és _ Taparakw, épacké Te 
@S OUK eldein pev avTav Thy és TO payecOar Tpo- 
Oupiav Ta Tporepa, vov dé Oapceiv TE kal gov 
ermioe Th apeivov. éml Tovs Toheplous iévat. 
Kal THV parayya peTomndov Torna dmevos bué- 
takev Ode. és Képas pev TO dpuarepov ™ pos TO 
TOTAaLO TOUS meous anravTas EoTNgeD, és 6€ TO 
deEvov, 4 87 0 XApos avdvTns jy, "ApéOav te Kab 
tovs Edy av’t@ Lapaxnvods anavtas, avTos bé Evy 
tots immedot KaTa péoov eioTHKel. oUT@ pev 
‘Pwpaion érd€avto. “AbapéOns Se érel Evvidvtas 
és tapdtakw Tovs trodeplovs ede, Tordde mape- 

1 $BpiCov Suidas: bBpi¢wy MSS. 
166 


eo 
“v 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xviii. 20-27 


the enemy without defenders. Moreover this also is 
worth your consideration, that God is always ac- 
eustomed to succour men in dangers which are neces- 
sary, not in those which they choose for themselves. 
And apart from this it will come about that those 
who have nowhere to turn will play the part of 
brave men even against their will, while the obstacles 
which are to be met by us in entering the engage- 
ment are many; for a large number of you have 
come on foot and all of us are fasting. I refrain — 
from mentioning that some even now have not 
arrived.”” So. spoke Belisarius. 

But the army began to insult him, not in silence 
nor with any concealment, but they came shouting 
into his presence, and called him weak and a de- 
stroyer of their zeal; and even some of the officers 
joined with the soldiers in this offence, thus dis- 
playing the extent of their daring. And Belisarius, 
in astonishment at their shamelessness, changed his 
exhortation and now seemed to be urging them on 
against the enemy and drawing them up for battle, 
saying that he had not known before their eagerness 
to” fight, but that now he was of good courage and 
would go against the enemy with a better hope. 
He then formed the phalanx with a single front, 
disposing his men as follows: on the left wing by 
the river he stationed all the infantry, while on the 
right where the ground rose sharply he placed 
Arethas and all his Saracens; he himself with the 
cavalry took his position in the centre. Thus the 
Romans arrayed themselves. And when Azarethes 
saw the enemy gathering in battle line, he exhorted 


167 


28 


30 


31 


32 


33 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA : 


Kerevoato “ Ilépcas peév dvtas bas pr) ovyl Tod 
Biov. thv apethv avtarrdEacbat,' Hv Tis atpecw 
apoiv didoin, oddeis av avteiror. eyo bé dypi 
ovd av Bovropévors ed? buiy elvat TOUTOLY TroLet- 
cla: THv aiperw. ols pev yap é&ov dcaguyodar 
Tov Kivduvov Edy TH aril Buodv, ovdév, hv ye 
BovrowTo, amerxos avtl Tov BerTictev Edécbar 
Ta HotoTa, ols bé TO OvnoKew éerravaykes, } Evy TH 
evKela TPs TOV TOAEuL@Y, 7) TMpOS TOD KpAaTODD- 
TOS €S THY KoAaCLY aiaypas ayopuévots, Tod) 
avo 1) TPO TOV aicyiaTav érécOas TA KpEiaoo. 
éte Tolvuy Tadta ovTas exe, TMpoonKély | bpas 
amavtas olpar 1) Tods Todkeplovs povov, aNa 
Kal SeomroTnv Tov dpuétepov év ve eYovTas, oUTaS 
és payny tHvde KaBictacbar.” — 

Tocatta xal “AfapéOns mapaxeevodpevos 
avri~ovv Tois évaytiow Thv dddayya €oTHGE, 
Tiépoas pev Ta ev defed exovTas, Lapaxnvors de 
Ta evovupa. cal avrixa pev é xetpas dd orepor 
iOov. Hv O€ 7 paxn KapTepa padtoTa. Ta TE 
yap tokevpara éxaT épobey ouxva én mrelaTov 
Bardopeva povov auporépov TONY érrolel, Kal 
TWES. €V perarxple yivopevor Epya és dddprous 
emedeLKVUYTO ApETHS ata, padrov é Mépaae éx 
TOV Tobevparoy ToNNol Ounoxov. 7A eV yap 
avtav Bédkn cvxvoTepa peV aTEXvas Hv,” érrel Tlép- 
oat Toforau Te oxXe0ov Ti eiow anavtes Kal Toh) 
Pdocov 7) <oi> adror Evrravtes GvOpwrrot Totel- 
o8at tas Boras éxdidacKovTat, éx 6€ TOF par- 

1 avradAdiacba: VG: avrardAdterOu P. 


168 2 jv Haury: #ec MSS, 


q 


_—————E7”err 


HISTORY! OF THE WARS, I. xviii. 27-33 


his men with the following words: “ Persians as you 
are, no one would deny that you would not. give up 
your valour in. exchange for life, if a choice of the 
two should be offered... But I say that not even if 
you should wish, is it within your power to make the 
choice between the two. For as for men who have the 
opportunity to escape from danger and live in dis- 
honour it is not at all unnatural that they should, if 
they wish, choose what.is most. pleasant instead of 
what is Best : but for men who are bound to die, 
either gloriously at the hands of the enemy or 
shamefully led to punishment by your Master, it is 
extreme folly not to choose what is better instead of 
what is most shameful. Now, therefore, when 
things stand thus, I consider that it befits you all to 
bear’ in mind not only the enemy but also your own 
Lord. and so enter this battle.” 
After Azarethes also had uttered these words ot 
exhortation, he stationed the. phalanx opposite his 
opponents, assigning the Persians the right wing and 
the Saracens the left, Straightway_ both sides began. 
the fight, and the battle was exceedingly fierce. 
For the arrows, shot from either side in very 
great numbers, caused great loss of life in both 
armies, while some placed themselves in the interval 
between the armies and made a display of valorous 
deeds against each other, and especially among the 
Persians they were falling by the arrows in great 
numbers. For while their missiles were ineom- 
parably more frequent, since the Persians are ‘almost 
all bowmen and they learn to make their shots much — 
more rapidly than any other men, ‘still the bows 


which sent the arrows. were weak and. not very 


169 


34 


35 0 


36 


37 


38 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Oakey Te Kal ov Mav evretapeveay Bardépeva, 
Pepaxe i icwas 7) Kpdver ) Kal aomids evTUXovTa. 
‘Po patou avdpos amrexavnritero Te Kal Avteiy TOV 
TpoomimrovTa ovdaph elxe. ‘Pepatov be Ta [re] 
Tokevpata Spadurepa wey és del ort, dre 6é éx 


‘TOE@Y oKANPOY TE dmepayav Kal denvas evTeTa- 


pévov Barropeva, mpoa bein be dy Tis Kal T pos 
pie toxupotépor, TOAXD ere pad dov 7) ob 
oa ols av evTUXover evTeTOs civovrat, Om Xou 
doevos euTrod@v auTav rytvopévou TH pupn. 78n 
pey aby Tijs pépas ai dvo TapexnKeray potpat, 
Kal 7 Max eTL YX OLAS iy. ToTe dé Eup povi}- 
gavres bor oy apiaror év TO epody oTpateu- 
pare joav, eon Navvov és Tov Trohepiov TO SeEvdv 
Képas, ov om "ApéGas TE Kal ot Lapaxnvol érera- 
ATO. i Oe obre THY parayya diaddcavres 
ixa eyévovro, @oTe Kab Sofav a annveyKkay Ott 80 
Tlépcars Ta “Popaiwr Tpdrypara 7 povooway. TOvS 
yep émtovTas ovx vmooravres avrixna és huyny 
arayres OpPHNVTO. ot ryoov Tlépoat Stappytavres 
ovUT@ THY TOV évaytiov mapatatw, KaTa VOTOV 
evOvs TAS ‘Popaior ¢ im7rou éryévovTo. “Popaior be 
KEKUNKOTES en TH TE 0O@ Kal a) Tove Tis payns 
UnTTELS Te dmavres és 768e THS HE pas évtes, Kal 
™ pos TOV Troe ploy éxaTépwbev evox OUpEVOL, 
ouKere ayreixov, aXr’ ob Hey ToANol pevyoutes 
ava Kpatos és Tov morapod Tas vpgoUs dyxvotd 
Tou ovaas ex@pnoay, tives 5€ Kal adtod pévovres 
épya Oavpacta Te Kal Aoyou mood aéva Ttovs 
Toheptous eipydoarro. év tots kat Ackav hv, ds 
&) TodXods. ev xreivas TOV év Tlépoacs Soxipon, 
Kpeoupynbels 5€ kata Bpaxd ports erece, Noyov 
170 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xviii. 33-38 


tightly strung, so that their missiles, hitting a corse- 
let, perhaps, or helmet or shield of a Roman war- 
rior, were broken off and had no power to hurt the 
man who was hit. The Roman bowmen are always 
slower indeed, but inasmuch as their bows are 
extremely stiff and very tightly strung, and one 
might add that they are handled by stronger men, 
they easily slay much greater numbers of those they 
hit than do the Persians, for no armour proves an 
obstacle to the force of their arrows. Now already 
two-thirds of the day had passed, and the battle was 
still even. Then by mutual agreement all the best 
of the Persian army advanced to attack the Roman 
right wing; where Arethas and the Saracens had 
been stationed. But they broke their formation and 
moved apart, so that they got the reputation of 
having betrayed the Romans to the Persians. For 
without awaiting the oncoming enemy they all 
straightway beat a hasty retreat. So the Persians 
in this way broke through the enemy’s line and 
immediately got in the rear of the Roman cavalry. 
Thus the Romans, who were already exhausted both 
by the march and the labour of the battle,—-and 
besides this they were all fasting so far on in the 
day,—now that they were assailed by the enemy on 
both sides, held out no longer, but the most of them 
in full flight made their way to the islands in the river 
which were close by, while some also remained there 
and performed deeds both amazing and remarkable 
against the enemy. Among these was Ascan who, 
after killing many of the notables among the Persians, 
was gradually hacked to pieces and finally fell, leaving 


171 


39 


4] 


42 


43 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


abtod ToNvv Tols ToNepiows aTrodkuT OV. Kal Edv 
avT® dXAor oxTaKdctor avdpes ayabol yevopevot 
év TO Tove To’T® aTéBavor, of te ”Ioavpor Edy 
Tots dpxovar oxeddov Aravres, ode bra avTai- 
pew Tots Tronepious TOApmoavTes. dreipia yap 
TOU epryou TOUTOU TONAG elYovTo, émel apre THS 
yewpytas adéuevor és xivduvoy Toréuou KaTéoTn- 
gav, ayveta ahpict Ta TpdTEepa dvTa. KatToL 
padota mavrav avtol évayxos és THY payny 
ayvoia monéuov opyavtes Bedscapip tote Ti 
devdiav @veidifov. ov pnv ovde loavpor &mavtes, 
Gra AvKdoves of THELoTOL Foav. 

Beducdpios dé Edv oriyous Ticlv évTadOa peivas, 
Téws yey Tos audl Tov AcKay avTéxovTas éwpa, 
Kal avros Edv Tois mapovor Tods ToXEpious Hmv- 
vato: émet dé avtav ot pev Emecov, oi de 67H 


evvavto és huynv Oppnvto, Tore dy Kal avdros Edw 


Tots éTropévors puyov és Taév TeCav THY Parayya 
3 a \ a / ” > / > \ 
ipGev, ot Euv 7% Herpp Cte CaXOVTO, WY TrONNOL 
évtTes, émel Kal avTov eruxov puyovres of Wel- 
ato. evOa on abros te tov immov adhe kal 
TavTas avTo Spav Tovs éropévous éxédeve, TreCovs 
\ “ BA \ 2 f > U4 : 
te dv Tois ado TOvS emidvtas aptvacbar. 
Iepody Sé Scot Tois pevryoucw elmovro, 82° oAiryou 
THp diwkw romodpevor, ed0ds emavijcov, é& TE 
tovs mefovs Kal Beriodpiov Evy Tots GdXots Gra- 
oW @ppnvtTo. of S€ Ta vata és TOV TOTAapLOV 
Tpépavtes, Stas pn TIS aUTOIS Tpos TOV TrOAeE- 
piov KUKNwOLS YyevOLTO, éK TOY TapovT@V. TOUS 


L72 


el 


oe 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xviii. 38-44 


to the enemy abundant reason to remember him. 
And with him eight hundred others perished after 
showing themselves brave men in this struggle, 
and almost all the Isaurians fell with their leaders, 
without even daring to lift their weapons against the 
enemy. For they were thoroughly inexperienced in 
this business, since they had recently left off farming 
and entered into the perils of warfare, which before 
that time were unknown to them: And yet just 
before these very men had been most furious of all 
for battle because of their ignorance of warfare, and - 
were then reproaching Belisarius with cowardice. 
They were not in fact all Isaurians but the majority 
of them were Lycaones. 

Belisarius with some few men remained there, and 
as long as he saw Ascan and his men holding out, he 
also in ‘company with those who,were with him held 
back the enemy; but when some. of Ascan’s troops 
had fallen,.and the others had turned to flee wher- 
ever they. could, then at length he -too fled with his 
men and came to the phalanx of infantry, who with 
Peter were still fighting, although not many in 
number now, since the most of them too had fled. 
There he himself gave up. his horse and com- 
manded all his men to do the same thing and on 
foot with the others to fight off the oncoming 
enemy. And those of the Persians who were 
following the fugitives, after pursuing for only a 
short distaneé, straightway returned and rushed 
upon the infantry and Belisarius with all the others. 
Then the Romans turned their backs to the river so 
that no movement to surround them might be  exe- 
cuted by the enemy, and as best they could under 
the circumstances were defending themselves against 


173 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


45 émtovtas jdvovto. adOis Te % payn KapTepa 

yéyove, Kalmep ovK e& avytimddov THs Suvdpews 
* , \ \ , 34-4 \ , 

ovoa. mmevol Te yap Kal diay odiyot pos Evp- 
macav éuaxovto tHv Llepody immov. ov pévtot 
avTovs of Trodéusol ote TpémecOar ovTE adds 

46 BratecOa eiyov. ev xp@ Te yap adAHdoIS es 
ddiyov ael Evvayouevor Kal ws ioyupdtata Tals 
aotiot dpakdyevor, E8adrov padrov és Tods 
Ilépcas émitndeiws 7 avtol mpos éxeivav éBanr- 

, > r e s : t As 4 

47 NOVTO. TOAAAKLS TE ATELTTOVTES OL BdapBapou eT. 
avtous. jAavvov, was Evvrapa~ovrés Te Kal d1a- 
AvoovTes THY Tapdtakw, arr ampaxtor évOévde 

48 dtricw avOis amndavVOV. 01 yap immot avTois TO 

Tov aoridov TaTdy@ axGopevor avexattifoyTo Te 
Kal és tapayny Ev Tois émuBatas KabiorarTo. 
duayeyovact Te ovTws Exdtepor Ews eyeyover TAS 

49 Hpépas oré. vuKros bé Hdn érirdaBovons époar 

ev és TO oTpatoTebov dveydpnoav, Bedioaptos 

5é orxddos éemituyov Edy oriyous Ticly és TOD 
ToTapov TV vATOV KaTHpev, OU O7) Kal of AAXOL 
¢ a y a Mile , c 

50 ‘Pwpator vnxdpevor HAOov. 7H Se boTepaig “Pa- 
patos wev orAKAadov odiow é« KadXuvixov modews 
Taparyevowevov TOANGY és auTHY éxopicOnoar, 
Tlépoar 5€ tods vexpods éaxudevKdtes ém’ oikou 
admavres avexwpyncav, ov pny tors opetépous 
VEKPODS TOV TOAELLwY éAdaaoUS Evpo?. 
he. / , > b : rn ol > / 

51" A€apéOns 5é, evel Ev TO otpat@ és Tlépcas 
adbixeto, Kaitrep év TH payn e’nuepnoas, axyapi- 
atov KaBddouv wadiota étuyxev €& aitias Towiode. 

52 vouos éotl épcais, ivixa érb trav Torepiov 

\ 4 f \ X 
Tivas otpatevecOar médrwot, Tov pev Baciréa 


174 


-h, 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xviii. 44-52 


their assailants. And again the battle became 
fierce, although the two -sides were not evenly 


matched in strength; for foot-soldiers, and a very 


few of them, were fighting against the whole Persian 
cavalry. Nevertheless the enemy were not able 
either to rout them or in any other way to overpower 
them. For standing shoulder to shoulder they kept 
themselves constantly massed in a small space, and 
they formed with their shields a rigid, unyielding 
barricade, so that they shot at the Persians more 
conveniently than they were shot at by them. Many 
a time after giving up, the Persians would advance 
against them determined to break up and destroy 
their line, but they always retired again from the 
assault unsuccessful. For their horses, annoyed by 
the clashing of the shields, reared up and made 
confusion for themselves and their riders. Thus 
both sides continued the struggle until it had 
become late in the day. And when night had already 
come on, the Persians withdrew to their camp, and 
Belisarius accompanied by some few men found a 
freight-boat and crossed over to the island in the river, 
while the other Romans reached the same place by 
swimming. On the following day many freight- 
boats were brought to the Romans from the city of 
Callinicuth and they were conveyed thither in them, 
and the Persians, after despoiling the dead, all 
departed homeward. However they did not find 
their own dead less numerous than the enemy’s. 
~When Azarethes reached Persia with his army, 
although he had prospered in the battle, he found 
Cabades exceedingly ungrateful, for the following 
reason. It is a custom among the Persians that, 
when they are about to march against any of their 


5 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


éml Opovov tod Bacireiov KabjaOar, copivous bé 
ot TOAAOVS évrab0d 7) elvat, Kab Trapeivat pev 
Tov orparnyov ds 6) TO orpare emt TOUS 
évaytious e&nynoecOar emidokbs € éorl, mapievat dé 
TO oTparevpa TOUTO és TOU _Bacrréws THY ope 
Kar’ avSpa. &va, kal avtav Exactov Bédos ev és 
Tas Tapras purrety, peta S€ avTtas perv TH 
Baciréws ahparyid. | KaTaceonpac pévas purar- 
tecOat, émrerdav O€ és Ilépoas éraviot TO. oTpa- 
Teupa TODTO, TOV OT paTior ay éxacTov ék TOV 
53 appixav év avatpeia Gat : Bédos. apiO wobvtes ovv 
Tov Beka baa Tpos Tey avdpav ouUK aUNpNTal, 
ols erixestau oF) TUL ab, ayyéhdouae TO 
Baciret TO _TrAOos Tov ouK emavncovT ov oTpa- 
TLOTOV, TAUTYH Te OooL ev TO Tone uo TeTeNevT?} - 
54 kaciv évdyrot yivovtar. obrw pav ody Iépears 6 
vomos éx Tanraod eye. émet dé "AlapéOns és 
ow Te Bactret prev, dverrvvd dvero avTod 6 
KaBddns el Tb Xwptov Tapacrnadpevos ‘Po- 
paixoy Hkow, éerel Edy TO "AXapouvddpe ws 
"Avruoxeray KaTaoTpeYropevos emi “Papatous 
otpatevociev. o de Ala Ons xaptov pev édely 
ovoev ébacke, ‘Pwpatous oé Kal Bedtcaptov Bax. 
55 VEvLKnKEV AL. KaBaéns pev ooy Tapuevar TO Eup 
TO “A Lape éxéeve oTpaTevpa, é Te Tov 
TApT@V Bédos éxaatos avnpeito Hmep ciwber. 
56 Toray. dé ATrONENELL MEV OY Berar avelouce Te 
TO AlapéOn 0 Bacirevs thy vinnv Kal év Tots 
aTywoTarous TO oLToV eixe. Ta pev ovv T 
viens és ToOTO érehevTa TO ’AfSapéOn. ee 
1 QvatpeioOar Christ ; adapetoOac MSS. 


176 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xviii. 52-56 


foes, the king sits on the royal throne, and many 
baskets are set there before him; and the general 
‘also is present who is expected to lead the army 
against the enemy; then the army passes along 
before the king, one man at a time, and each of 
them throws one weapon into the baskets ; after this 
they are sealed with the king’s seal and preserved ; 
and when this army returns to Persia, each one of 
the soldiers takes one weapon out of the baskets. 
A count is then made by those whose office it is to 
do so of all the weapons which have not been taken 
by the men, and they report to the king the number 
of the soldiers who have not returned, and in this 
way it becomes evident how many have perished in 
the war. Thus the law has stood from of old 
among the, Persians. Now when Azarethes came 
into the presence of the king, Cabades enquired of 
him whether he came back with any Roman fortress 
won over to their side, for he had marched forth 
with Alamoundaras against the Romans, with the 
purpose of subduing Antioch. And Azarethes said 
that he had captured no fortress, but that he had 
conquered the Romans and Belisarius in battle. 
So Cabades bade the army of Azarethes pass by, and 
from the baskets each man took out a weapon just as 
was customary. But since many weapons were left, 
Cabades rebuked Azarethes for the victory and 
thereafter ranked him among the most unworthy 
So the victory had this conclusion for Azarethes. 


177 


VOL. I. ; N 


1 


a 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


XIX 
\ 

"Evvota 5é Tote ‘lovorimave Bacinret yeyovev 
Ai@iords Te Kal ‘Opnpiras € éml TO Tepady TOUNnP@ 
étratpicacbar. dn dé Ths ys of avOpwTrot olde 
@xnvrat Kal Kal’ 6 te adtovs “Pwpators Evvoicew 
Bacureds HrTuEV, épav Epyouar. ta Iladaori- 
vns Spia mpos avicyovta HAwov és Pddaccav THY 
"EpvOpav xaroupérvny Sujxer. atryn 6 } Oddhacca 
€& “Ivdav apyopévn evtadOa terevTa THs ‘Paopaieov 
apxijs. Kal modus Aids Kadoupévn mpdos TH 
TavTns niove éeotiv, &vOa ) Oaracca, boTEp jot 
elpnTat, amodyoura TopO wos Tis és aryav OTEVOS 
yiveran. Kal avTov évdévde éoméovTe ev de&ta pev 
dp Ta Aiyurtiov T pos vorov dvEepwov TeTpAappeva 
éotiv, éml Oatepa dé Yopa épnbwos avO porrov éml 
meloTov Sunn ™ pos Boppav a dvepov, y Te v4 arn 
7@ éomAéovTe éxarépoden o opar?) yiverat, méxpe és 
THV ‘Lora Snv xanroupévny ijoov, Aiika& modrews 
oTadious ovx ooov i xedtous dvéxoveay. év0a 
‘EBpaior avTovopor pev ée manracov genvTo, emt 
Toutou oé ‘lovetunavod Bacvrevovros KATHKOOL 
‘Papaiov yeyevnvTat. TENALYOS 5é TO évdevde péya 
exdéxerar. «al yay pev THY &v befed oi TavTy 
éam)éovTes ovKére opaauy, és pévTou THY evovUpoV 
VUKTOS del émruryevowevns oppitovran. év TKOT@ yap 
vauTinreo Bae év TAavTY on TH Jaracon abvvata 
éoTw, érrel Bpaxous avTay éuTewv él Alo Tov 
EvpBaiver eivat. Oppmor O€ eiowy évtad0a modXol 
ov xepalv avOporrar, ara TH hice TOY Yopiov 


178 


6c ~~ 


Sa aa 


HISTORY OF THE WARS I. xix. 1-7 


XIX 


Ar that time the idea occurred to the Emperor 
Justinian to ally with himself the Aethiopians and 
the Homeritae, in order to injure the Persians. I 
shall now first explain what part of the earth these 
nations occupy, and then I shall point out in what 
manner the emperor hoped that they would be of 
help to the Romans. The boundaries of Palestine 
extend toward the east to the sea which is called the 
Red Sea. Now this sea, beginning at India, comes 
to an end at this point in the Roman domain., And 
there is a city called Aelas on its shore, where the 
sea comes to an end, as I have said, and becomes a 
very narrow gulf. And as one sails into the sea 
from there, the Egyptian mountains lie on the right, 
extending toward the south; on the other side a 
country deserted by men extends northward to an 
indefinite distance ; and the land on both sides is 
visible as one sails in as far as the island called 
Iotabe, not less than one thousand stades distant 
from the city of Aelas. On this island Hebrews 
had lived from of old in autonomy, but in the reign. 
of this Justinian they have become subject to the 
Romans. From there on there comes a great open 
sea. And those who sail into this part of it no 
longer see the land on the right, but they always 
anchor along the left coast when night comes on. 
For it is impossible to navigate in the darkness on 
this sea, since it is everywhere full of shoals. But 
there are harbours there and great numbers of them, 


‘not made by the hand of man, but by the natural 


contour of the land, and for this reason it is not 


179 
N 2 


10 


L 


— 


12 


13 


14 


16 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


meTompevol, Kal am avtod toils mréovow ov 
yaheTrov éotw bn Tapattyo. opuilerPar. 
Tatrnv 87 tTHv niova evOds pev Spous Tods 
Haractivns itepBavtr Lapaxnvol exovery, oi 
év TO howiKdve Ex Tadaod tOpvvtar. éori dé 6 
powikav év TH pecoyela és yopav Katateivov 
ToAAHY, EvOa 87 GAXO TO Tapdtay ovdeV STL pH 
poivixes PvovtTa: mover. TovT@ TO HowwiKavt Ba- 
airéa “lovotunavoyv “ABoydpaBos édwpyoato, o 
Tov éxeivn Lapaxnvav dpyov, kal avtov Bacirevs 
dvrapxov tav év Ilakaictivy Lapaxnvaev Kate- 
oTHTATO. GadnwTov Te THY yopav SuepvrAake Tov 
admavra xpovor, érel Tois Te apyopuévows BapBapors 
Kat ovdév TL hocov Tois Todeuiows HoBepds Te ael 
"ABoxdpaBos eéokev civat nal Svadepovtws Spa- 
oTHpLOS. TO ev odV AOye TOV hotLKaVva Bacireds 
éyer, peteivar dé aitd TOV Taitn Yyopiov ovd 
om@atioby duvata éoTt. yh Te yap avOpdrav 
TAVTEAMS Epyuos Kal aTeyvas avudpos év péow 
ovoa és Séxa Hpep@v Oddy dujKet, Kal avTOS AOryoU 
otovoby dios 6 howmKov ovdayh éotw, aXAN 
dvoya S@pov 6 te "ABoydpaBos edaxe povov Kal 
Bactreds ed cidas habe. Ta pév ody apdi TO 
powixave tavTn 7H exe. TovT@y dé TaV avOpa- 
Tov ardor Lapaxnvol ex dopevor THY AKTHY ExoveW, 
ob 89 Maddnvol xadodvrat, ‘Ounpitav xatHKoot 
évtes. of 5é ‘Opnpirar obra év yopa TH éméxewa 
@KnVTAaL Tpos TH THs Oardoons Hiow. tmép TE 
avtovs dra €Ovn TodrAa péxpe és TOs avOpw- 
mopayous Lapaxnvors idptc0ai hac. pel ods dH 
Ta yévn Tov lvddv €or. adda TObTOV peV TéepL 
NeyéTw ExacTos @ TH av’TO Bovropéve eoriv. 


180 


po 





‘HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xix. 7-16 


difficult for mariners to find mGHOTS Te wherever 
they happen to be.: 

This coast + immediately beyond the boundaries of 
Palestine is held by Saracens, who have been settled 
from of old in the Palm Groves. These groves are 
in the interior, extending over a great tract of land, 
and there absolutely nothing else grows except palm 
trees. The Emperor Justinian had received these 
palm groves as a present from Abochorabus, the 
ruler of the Saracens there, and he was appointed by 
the emperor captain over the Saracens in Palestine. 
And he guarded the land from plunder constantly, 
for both to the barbarians over whom he ruled and 
no less to the enemy, Abochorabus always seemed a 
man to be feared and an exceptionally »energetic 
fellow. Formally, therefore, the emperor holds the 
Palm Groves, but for him really to possess himself of 
any of the country there is utterly impossible. For 
a land completely destitute of human habitation and 
extremely dry lies between, extending to the dis- 
tance of-a ten days’ journey; moreover the Palm 
Groves themselves are by no means worth anything, 
and Abochorabus only gave the form of a gift, and 
the emperor accepted it with full knowledge of the 
fact. So much then for the Palm Groves. — Adjoin- 
ing this people there are other Saracens in possession: 
of the coast, who are called Maddeni and who are 
subjects of the Homeritae. These Homeritae dwell 
in the land on the farther side of them on the shore 
of the sea. And beyond them many other nations 
are said to be settled as far as the man-eating 
Saracens. Beyond these are the nations of India. 
But regarding these matters let each one speak as 
he may wish. 


1 The coast described here is that of Arabia. 
181 


17 


18 


19 


20 


21 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


‘Opnpirav 8 caravtixpd pddiota év TH avte 
mépas nreip@ AlOiotres oixodow, of Avfopirar 
érixadovvtat, 6Tt 5) avTois ta Baciderd éotw 
év morer AdE@mds. Kal Odrdacca i) ev péow 
éotlv avéwou petpiws émipdpov éemutecovtos és 
TevTE Hwepov Te Kal vuerav Svdovy dunner. 
TavTn yap Kal vixTwp vauTidrec Oat vevouiKkacw, 
éret Bpaxos évtad0a oddauhH eat: ai’tn mpos 
éviov 7 iy te. "EpuOpa KéxAntat. Ta yap 
TavTns exTos éxmdéovTe ayp. és Ti Hiova Kal 
Aidav mow “ApaBixds ovopactar KoATrOS. Yopa 
yap  évOévde adypr trav Vans morews opiov 
*ApaBia Td madatov wvoudtero, érel Kal Ta 
Bacitea ev trois advo xpovors ev Tlérpas rH 
more. 0 TaV ApdBav Bacireds elyev. 6 uev ody 
tov ‘Ounpirav Spyos é& 0b atraipovtes eidOacw 
és Al@iotras mreiv Bovrtxas ovouaterar. dva- 
mrevoavtes 5é del TO TéMAYOS TOTO KaTalpovow 
és tav “AdovrArTav tov Aypwéva. “AdovrALs be H 
Torts TOD pev ALpevos péTP@ ElKkooL TTAdiwV 
diéyer (rocovT@ yap Sveipyetar TO py éemibardo- 
aos elvat), Torews S¢ AvE@pidos 06@ Huepov 
da@dexa. 

TIdota pévror dca év te Ivdois xa év radryn TH 
Oaraoon éotlv od TpdT@ TH AUTO OTrEep ai aAXaL 
vies weToinvrar. ovde yap ticon ovde ad\dto 
OT@ObY XplovTaL, Ov pHVY OvdE oLdnp@ StapTrEpes 
iovte és adAnAas ai cavides EvurreTyacw, aa 


24 Bpoxors trol Evvdédevrar. aitov 6& odx Omep 


ot moddol olovtar, mérpat tives évTadOa odoa 
kal tov oldnpov ép éavtas EXxove-at (TEKuHpLov 
dé tals yap “Pwpyaiwv vavoly é& Aina rreovoats 
182 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xix. 17-24 


About opposite the Homeritae on the opposite 
mainland dwell the Aethiopians who are called 
Auxomitae, because their king resides in the city of 
Auxomis. And the expanse of sea which lies be- 
tween is crossed in a voyage of five days and nights, 
when a moderately favouring wind blows. For here 
they are accustomed to navigate by night also, since 
there are no shoals at all in these parts ; this portion 
of the sea has been called the Red Sea by some. For 
the sea which one traverses beyond this point as far 
as the shore and the city of Aelas has received the 
name of the Arabian Gulf, inasmuch as the country 
which extends from here to the limits of the city of 
Gaza used to be called in olden times Arabia, since 
the king of the Arabs had his palace in early times in 
the city of Petrae. Now the harbour of the Homeritae 
from which they are accustomed to put to sea for the 
voyage to Aethiopia is called Bulicas; and at the end 
of the sail across the sea they always put in at the 
harbour of the Adulitae. But the city of Adulis is 
removed from the harbour a distance of twenty 
stades (for it lacks only so much of being on the sea), 
while from the city of Auxomis it is a journey of 
twelve days. 

All the boats which are found in India and on this 
sea are not made in the same manner as are other 
ships. For neither are they smeared with pitch, nor 
with any other substance, nor indeed are the planks 
fastened together by iron nails going through and 
through, but they are bound together with a kind of 
cording. The reason is not as most persons suppose, 
that there are certain rocks there which draw the iron 
to themselves (for witness the fact that when the 
Roman vessels sail from Aelas into this sea, although 


183 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


és Oddaccay tHvde, KaiTEp o1d7p@ TOAR@ Hpmo- 
opévats, ovToTe Towovtovy EvynvéxOn tabeiv), 
> xo BA / BA BA n > n 

GAN Ott ovTE cidnpov ovTE AdXO TL TOY és TADTA 


25 émitndeiwv “Ivdoi  Aiiores éyovow. od jay 


27 


28 


ovbé mpos ‘Pwpaiwy oveicOar tovTwv tu olot Té 
eiolv, vou@ atrace StappHonv areypnpevor. 0a- 
vaTos yap T® adovTe  Enuia éoti. Ta wey odv 
lel an ’ 

appt TH “EpvOpa xadovpévn Oardoon Kal xopa 
)) aitis éf éxdtepa éote TavTy 1H Exel. 

> &ée > , / > \ ee F > 7 

Ex 6€ AvEa@pidos tordews és ta em Aiyvatov 
54 a € / > a & \ , e 9° 
dpia THS  Pwpaiwy apyfs, ob 89 modus 7) ’EXe- 

a € 

pavtivn KaXovpévn oiKetTal, TPLaKOYTAa Od0S NMeE- 

rn > > 7 > , 2 a 4 be 
pav éotiw evfave avopi. évtav0a eOvn adda Te 

\ 7 \ / 4 / 

Toda tdpuvtar cal Bréuvés te cal NoBdrar, 
To\vavOpwmotata yévn. adrAa ‘Bréwves perv 
TavTns 6 THs xXopas és Ta péoa @OKnVTAL, 
NoBdtas d€ Ta api Neidrov motapov éyover. 
mpotepov dé ov taita éyeyover Ta ExyaTa THs 
‘Popaiwr apxfs, GAN éréxeiva cov Extra éTépov 
érimpocber oddv tuepav' jvika dé 6 ‘Pwpatov 
avtoxpdtwp Avoxdytiavds évtadOa ryevopevos 
Katevonoev Ott 8) TOV wey exeivn Ywpieav 0 Popos 
Aovyou aEtos ws Kota Hy, érel oTeviy wadioTa 
Thy yhv evtad@a EvpBaive eivar (wétpar yap Tod 
Neidou ov ToAA@ arroey tWnral Aiav avéyovoat 
THS X@pas Ta NotTa Eyovor), oTpaTiwTav bE 
Tato Te TAHOOS évTavda éx Taraod dpuTo, 
avrep tais Sardvais bmeppvas ayOecPar cuve- 
Bawe 7d Snpociov, dua b€ kal NoBatar audi 
Tomy “Oacw wKnuévo. TA TPOTEpA HYyov TE Kal 
épepov aravta és ael Ta éxelvyn xXwpia, TOUTOUS 
59 Tods BapBapovs avérrevoev avactivar pev é& 


184 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xix. 24-29 


they are fitted with much iron, no such thing has ever 
happened to them), but rather because the Indians 
and the Aethiopians possess neither iron nor any 
other thing suitable for such purposes. Furthermore, 
they are not even able to buy any of these things 
from the Romans since this is explicitly forbidden to 
all by law; for death is the punishment for one who 
is caught. Such then is the description of the so- 
called Red Sea! and of the land which lies on either 
side of it. , 

From the city of Auxomis to the Aegyptian 
boundaries of the Roman domain, where the city 
called Elephantine is situated, is a journey of thirty 
days for an unencumbered traveller. Within that 
space many nations are settled, and among them the 
Blemyes and the Nobatae, who are very large nations. 
But the Blemyes dwell in the central portion of the 
country, while the Nobatae possess the territory 
about..the River Nile. Formerly this. was not the 
limit of. the Roman empire, but it lay beyond there 
as far as one would adyance in a seven days’ 
journey; but the Roman Emperor Diocletian came 
there, and observed that the tribute from these places 
was of the smallest possible account, since the land is 
at that point extremely narrow (for rocks rise to an 
exceedingly great height at no great distance from 
the Nile and spread over the rest of the country), 
while a very large body of soldiers had been 
stationed there from of old, the maintenance of which 
was an excessive burden upon the public; and at 
the same time the Nobatae who formerly dwelt about 
the city of Oasis used to plunder the whole region ; 
so he persuaded these barbarians to move from their 

_ 1 Rather the “ Arabian Gulf.” 
185 


31 


32 


33 


34 


35 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


nOdv Tév oheTépwr, appl ToT apov dé Neiov 
iSpicacban, Seopycacbar avrovs opohorynaas ™O- 
Neoi Te peyddaus Kal yopa TOM Te Kal Sua- 
pepovTms apeivovt homep Ta | TpoTepa @KNVTO. 
ovT@ yap @ETO AUTOS Te ovKére Td ye augl THY 
"Oacw evox joer xe@pta, Kat yas THS opior b180- 
mévns peTatrovoupévous, ate olKélas ovans, aTro- 
kpovoeaIar” Bréuvds Te, os TO elxds, Kal BapBa- 
pous TODS adXovs. émrel Te TOUS NoBaras TavTa 
TperKe, THY TE petavac tact avtixa 87 para Te- 
moinvTo TEP 6 Avoxdytraves odiow eTETTEANANE, 
Kal ‘Popatov Tas TE monets Kal x@pav Eiunacay 
eg’ éxarepa Tod moTapov && "Eredartivns TONEWS 
Eaxov. ToTe 62) 0 Bacudeds ob Tos avrois Te Kab 
Brépvow erage 61500 8a ava mTav &Tos pntov TL 
xpuatov ep’ pnnere ynv thy ‘Popaiov Anicov- 
Tal. Omep Kab és ee Kopelomevoe ovdev TT Aooov 
karabéover Ta éxelvn ywpia. obras dpa Bap- 
Bapous arravtTas ovdepuia ena Siacacac bau 
THY és ‘Peopaiovs mioti ore pa déeu TOV apuvo- 
pévov OTpaTiaTay, Katou Kal vioov Twa év 
TOTAMO Neth dyxuord ™ THS "Ededavtivys TO 
Aews evpwv 0 Baowreds ovTos ppovpiov Te TAUTH 
Setpapevos oxXUpwTATOY, KowWous TLVaS évrabda 
VEews TE Kal Bapods “Papalois Te kal TOUTOLS on 
KATETTHOATO Tots BapBaposs, Kal lepets éxdoTov 
év TO ppoupio TOUT@ iSpucaro, € ev TO BeBaio TH 
gidiav avrois écecOar TO petéxew TOY lep@v 
opiow oldpevos. 510 51) Kal Piras é emaveuace TO 
Xwpior. apo dé rabTa Ta €0vn, of Te Bhéuves 


Kat of NoBatat, tovs te adAXovs OBeods ovo Trep 


is 1 QmroxpotcecOa: Braun: amroxpoverba: MSS, 


186 





HISTORY. OF THE WARS, I. xix: 29-35 


own habitations, and to settle along the River Nile, 
promising to bestow upon them great cities and land 
both extensive and incomparably better than that 
which they had previously. oceupied.. For in. this 
way he thought that-they would no longer harass 
the country about Oasis at least, and that they 
would possess themselves of the land given them, as 
being their own, and would probably beat off 
the Blemyes and the other barbarians. And since 
this pleased the Nobatae, they made the migration 
immediately, just as Diocletian directed them, and 
took possession of all the Roman cities and the land 
on both sides of the river beyond the city of 
Elephantine. - Then it was that this emperor decreed 
that to them and to the Blemyes a fixed sum of gold 
should be ‘given every year with the stipulation that 
they should no longer plunder the land of the 
Romans. And they receive this gold even up to my 
time, but none the less they overrun the country 
there. Thus it seems that with all barbarians there 
is no means of compelling them to keep faith with 
the Romans except through the fear of soldiers to 
hold them in check. And yet this emperor went 
so far as to select a certain island in the River Nile 
close to the city of Elephantine and there construct 
a very strong fortress in which he established cer- 
tain temples and altars for the Romans and these 
barbarians in common, and he settled priests of both 
nations in this fortress, thinking that the friendship 
between them would be secure by reason of their 
sharing the things sacred to them. And for this 
reason he named the place Philae. Now both these 
nations, the Blemyes and the Nobatae, believe in all 


187 


36 


37 


_ 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


“EAAnves vopitover mavras, Kal THY TE "Tow Tov 
TE ‘Ootpw céBovor, Kal ovX HKioTa ye TOV Tpia- 
Tov. Ob mévTOL Brépves ral avO porous T mri 
Ovew eld0act. Tabra bé Ta cd Pirais ‘eos ovToL 
87 ot BapBapor Kal &> ewe eiXov, arnra Bacrreds 
avuta “Tova rimavos xabenety & éyVvo. _ Napoiis your, 
Tlepoappévios yévos, 08 mpoo Bev dire nuTowonn- 
KOTOS: és “Papaious envy Ony, Tov éxelvn oTpa- 
TLOTOV apxov Td TE tepa Kabeinre, Bacthéws ot 
éemraryyeihavTos, Kal TOUS eV iepets ev pudakh 
ErXe, Ta bé aydrpara és Buavtvov éreurbev.- 
éy@ Oé él Tov mpdTepov Aoyou émdverpe. 


XxX 


‘16 TOUS Xpovous Tov ToNéuov Toude “EXAn- 
aBeaios 0 0 TOV AiO coro Bactreds, Xpioriaves TE. 
av Kal S0Ens Tha be as padiora, emipehoupevos, 
émevdy ‘Opnpiray TOV €&V TH dutimépas qrelp@ 
éyvw ToNAoUS ey. lovSalous ovTas, moAXovs O€ 
dofav THY Tahavay aéBovtas iv 1) karodow 
‘EAgvexny oi vov avOporot, émiBovrAn péeTpov 
ouK éxovon és Tos. éxeivy Xpratiavods x oar, 
oTOAOV Te vy av Kal orpdrevpa aryetpas, qr avrovs 
re, Kal wayn veKxnoas Tov Te Bacidéa Kal Tov 
‘Opapirev TOANOVS EKTELVED, adov Te avuTobe 
X prreavov Bacthéa KATATTNTAUEVOS, ‘Opnpirny 
bev yévos, Svopa Sé "Eotpepaior, dpov Te avT@ 
tafas Aidiowre pepe ava nav éros, én olxov 
avexopnoe. Tovtov Tov Ai@ior@y otpatod Soddot 
Te TOAXOl Kal dco. émitndeiws és TO KaKOUpyeElV 


188 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xix. 35—xx. 2 
the gods in» which the Greeks believe, and they 


also reverence Isis and Osiris, and not least of all 
Priapus.. But the Blemyes are accustomed also to 
sacrifice human beings tothesun. These sanctuaries ° 
in Philae were kept by these barbarians even up to 
my time, but the Emperor Justinian decided to tear 
them down, Accordingly Narses, a Persarmenian 
by birth, whom I have mentioned before as having 
deserted to the Romans,! being commander of the 
troops there, tore down the sanctuaries at the em- 
peror’s order, and put the priests under guard and 
sent the statues to Byzantium. But I shall return to 
the previous narrative. 


XX 


At about the time of this war Hellestheaeus, the 
- king of the Aethiopians, who was a Christian and a 
~ most devoted adherent of this faith, discovered that 
a number of the Homeritae on the opposite main- 
land were oppressing the Christians there out- 
rageously; many of these rascals were Jews, and 
many of them held in reverence the old faith which 
men of the present day call Hellenic. He there- 
fore collected a fleet of ships and an army and came 
against them, and he conquered them in battle and 
slew both the king and many of the Homeritae. 
He then set up in his stead a Christian king, a 
Homerite by birth, by name Esimiphaeus, and, after 
ordaining that he should pay a tribute to the 
Aethiopians every year, he returned to his home. 
In this Aethiopian army many slaves and all who 
were readily disposed to crime were quite unwilling 
1 Cf. ch. xv. 31. 
189 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


elyov TO pev Bacrret EreaOar ovoaph 70edov, 
avtoo be aTroherToMevor éwevov émeBupig THS 
‘Opnprray Xepas: arya yap bmeppuds éoTU. 
Odtos o ews xpbvm ov TOAXNM borepov Edv 
érépors Tol "Eotpupaip TO Bagtrei érrava- 
oTAVTES, avTov bev év Time Tov éxeivyn bpoupioy 
xabeipfay, ErEpov dé ‘Opnpiracs Bacihéa Karte- 
TTT AVTO, "ABpapor 6 dvoua. o Oe “ABpapos ovTOS 
Xpiotiavos bev Hv, Sod0r0s bé ‘Pepatou avopos 
év TOdeL Aidiorr@y ‘AdovArbe él TH Kara @arac- 
cav épyacia SvatpiBiy EXovTOS. a &1) ‘EXXAy- 
aGeaios pabery ticacOai Te “ABpapov O00 Tots 
Ely avT@ émavactaot Tis és Tov "Eowpupatov 
abdixias év omovoH € EXOV, TTPATEVLA TE Tpiax tov 
avd pov Kal dpxovra Tov Twa Evyyevav TOV avTov 
em avrous emepper, obras 0 oTpaTtos. ovKére 
éOéhovtes € émr olKov érraviévae aX’ avtou év Xopg 
arya 5 pévewy, xpopa TOU dpXovtos TO ABpd pe 
és Aoyous mrOov, é& Te EvpBomyy KATAGTAVTES 
Tois évayTious, - - €mrev6 év 70 py éyévovTo, 
Kreivayres Tov dpxovra @ Te TOV TONEpLLOV 
oTpaT@ aveulyvuvto Kal adrod emevov. Oupe 6é 
TOAD ‘EdAno Beaios eXomevos Kal &Xo orpa- 
Tevpa eT avtovs érrepaper, of 87 Tots appt TOV 
"A Spapov és xeipas éXOovres mapa TONW TE 
noonbévres TH pax én” olxov evOds a avex@pne ay. 
beioas Te TO AOLTTOV O TOV Al@vor@y Bactreds 
éml tov “ABpayov ovKéts éaTpatevcen. ‘EXAq- 
aOeaiov é TEAEUT HO aVTOS Popous "ABpapos @L0- 
Aoynoe hépew TO prev avrov THY Ai@toT@y Baoe- 
Aeiav maparaBovre, obra TE THD ap nv expate- 
vaTo, adAa TAaVTA pev YpoV@ TO VoTEpwH eyEvETO. 


Igo 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xx. 2-8 


to follow the king back, but were left behind and 
remained there because of their desire for the land 
of the Homeritae ; for it is an extremely goodly land. 

These fellows at a time not long after this, in 
company with certain others, rose against the king 
Esimiphaeus and put him in confinement in one of 
the fortresses there, and established another king 
over the Homeritae, Abramus by name. Now this 
Abramus was a Christian, but a slave of a Roman 
citizen who was engaged in the business of ship- 
ping in the city of Adulis in Aethiopia. When 
Hellestheaeus learned this, he was eager to punish 
Abramus together with those who had revolted with 
him for their injustice to Esimiphaeus, and he sent 
against them an army of three thousand men with 
one of his relatives as commander. This army, once 
there, was no longer willing to return home, but 
they wished to remain where they were in a goodly 
land, and so without the knowledge of their com- 
mander they opened negotiations with Abramus ; 
then when they came to an engagement with their 
opponents, just as the fighting began, they killed 
their commander and joined the ranks of the enemy, 
and so remained there. But Hellestheaeus was 
greatly moved with anger and sent still another 
army against them; this force engaged with Abramus 
and his men, and, after suffering a severe defeat in 
the battle, straightway returned home. Thereafter 
the king of the Aethiopians became afraid, and sent 
no further expeditions against Abramus. After the 
death of Hellestheaeus, Abramus agreed to pay 
tribute to the king of the Aethiopians who succeeded 
him, and in this way he strengthened his rule. But 
this happened at a later time. 


LgI 


9 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Tore b€ “lIovetinaves [6] Bacireds ev ev 
AiPiowst Bactrevovtos ‘EXXnaOeaiov, Kotpipaiou 
dé év “Ounpirtars, rpecBevtiy *lovAavov éreprper, 
akidy dudw “Popaios dia 7d THs SOEns opoyvo- 
pov Ilépoais rrorepnodor Evvdpacbat, dws Aibi- 
omes pev @vovpevoi te THv pétakav ée& “Ivdav 
drrodidopevot TE avriy és “Pwpaious, avrol pév 
KvpLoL yevavrat XpHLaAToV peydhov, ‘Peopaious 
d¢ TOOTO TOLnTwCL xepdaivery povoy; bre dy ovKére 
dvarykac Ojo ovras Ta opérepa avTov xpipara 
és TOUS. mroheptous pereverynely (airn 5 éorw a 
peraga ef 7 ms ei@Oac. tHv éoOATa épydlecOau 9) Hv 
marae pev, “EXXnves Mndvxny éxddouv, Tavov bé 
onpixny ovopatovay), “‘Ounpitar S€ das Kaicov 
Tov puydoa purapyxov Maddnvois KATATTHO OVTAL 
Kal oTpaT® peydr@ avTov Te ‘Opnpurdy wal 
Lapaxnvav tév Maddnvdv éoB8ddroow és THY 


10 Ilepody yijv. (0 68 Kaiods obtos yévous pev Hv 


li 


Tod gurapxiKod Kal Siahepovras ayabos Ta 
Todéuia, Tov dé twa “Kowpidpaiov Evyyevav 
Kreivas é& yi epevyev 4) 81 Epnuos avOporrev 
mayrarractv éorw.) cxaTEpOS pep obv THY aith- 
ow UTOTX OfLevos emriTeAh TOLTELY Tov mpeo Bev- 
THY dmeméuyyaro, eopace be auto Ta @podoyn- 


‘12 péva ovd€erepos. Tots Te yap AiBioyre THY peévazav 


aoveia Oat Jmpos TOV Trddy adivara 7p Hv, érel del ot 
Tlepoay é Eumopor mpos avrois Tobs Oppous yivopevor 
ob 57) Ta TPOTA al TOV ‘Trdav" vijes KaTaipovaw, 
are xepav T poo oiKobvTes THY Spopor, aTavTa 
aveioOar Ta poptia el@bacr, Kal trois ‘Opmpiracs 
yareTrov edokev civar yOpav aperpapévors Epnpov 


192 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xx. 9-12 | 
At that time, when Hellestheaeus was reigning 


over the Aethiopians, and Esimiphaeus over the 


Homeritae, the Emperor Justinian sent an am- 
bassador, Julianus, demanding that both nations on 
account of their community of religion should make 


common cause with the Romans in the war against 


the Persians; for he purposed that the Aethiopians, 
by purchasing silk from India and selling it. among 
the Romans, might. themselves gain much money, 
while causing the Romans to profit in only one way, 
namely, that they be no longer compelled to pay 
over their money to their enemy. (This is the silk 
of which they are accustomed to make the garments 
which of old the Greeks called Medic, but which at 
the present time they name “seric’’!). As for the 
Homeritae, it was desired that they should establish 
Caisus, the fugitive, as captain over the Maddeni, 
and with a great army of their own people and of 
the Maddene Saracens make an invasion into the 
land of the Persians. This Caisus was by birth of 
the captain’s rank and an exceptionally able warrior, 
but he had killed one of the relatives of Esimiphaeus 
and was a fugitive in a land which is utterly destitute 
of human habitation. So each king, promising to 
put this demand into effect, dismissed the am- 
bassador, but neither one of them did the things 
agreed upon by them. For it was impossible. for 
the Aethiopians to buy silk from the Indians, for the 
Persian merchants always locate themselves at the 
very harbours where the Indian ships first put in, 
(since they inhabit. the adjoining country), and are 


- accustomed to buy the whole cargoes ; and it seemed 


to the Homeritae a difficult. thing to cross a country 
which was a desert and which extended so far that a 
1 In Latin serica, as coming from the Chinese (Seres). 
e 193 
VOL. I. oO 


13 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Te Kal xpovov ToAXOd Oddv KaTaTelvovTaY em’ 
avO porous TOAAG paxtwwrépous tévat. ara Kal 


"ABpapos totepov, ote 52 THY apxnv oS achanré- 


gTata é€xpativato, moAAaKis pev ‘lovetiviav@ 
Bactre? @poroyncev és yfv tHv Lepcida éoBar- 
Aew, adrak Sé povov THs wopeias apEdpwevos oTricw 
evOds ameyopnoe. Ta pev ody AiOidrav TE Kal 
‘Opunpitav tavtn “Pwopaiows éxopnoerv. 


XXI 


“Eppoyévns 8é tote, éreidn tadytoTa % mpos 
TO Evdhpdty paxyn éyéveto, rapa KaBddyv ént 
mpecBeia Kav, éméparvev ovdey THs eipynvyns 
mépe 4s Evera HAOev, érel adtov oidaivovta ett 
éml ‘Pwpaious edper d10 52) ampaxtos dvexopnee. 
kat Bedtodpoos Baciret és Bulaytvov pera 
meuTTos HAGE mepinpnuevos tv elyev a mv, ep éd’ 
6 ért Bavdirous OT PATEVTELE. irTas é, “lov- 
atwiavd Bacide TovTo dedoypévov, as purdEav 
THY é@av éevradda mrOe. Kal Tlépcar addis 
oTpar@ TOAA@ €s Mecororapiar, Xavapayyov 
te kal “AomeBédou cal Meppepoou MYOUPELOV 
opiaw, éoéBanor. émel Te avTois éTdAma ovdels 
és xelpas iévar, Maptupomodw éyxalefouevor 
émroopKour, od 69 Bovfns te nal Béooas tetay- 
pévoe éml TH dvdAakh eTUXOM, atrn é€ Keirat 
pev ev 3H Lopavny i Kadovpévyn XOpa, TOAE@S 
*"Aptdns TecoapaxovTd TE wal Svaxoatous radios 
duéyovca mpos Boppav dveuov: mpos adT@ be 


194 2 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xx. 12-xxi. 6 


long time was required for the journey across it, and 
then to go against a people much more warlike than 
themselves. Later on Abramus too, when at length 
he had established his power most securely, promised 
the Emperor Justinian many times to invade the 
land of Persia, but only once began the journey and 
then straightway turned back. Such then were the 
relations which the Romans had with the Aethiopians 
and the Homeritae. 


XXI 


Hermocenss, as soon as the battle on the Euphrates 
had taken place,.came before Cabades to negotiate 
with him, but he accomplished nothing regarding 
the peace on account of which he had come, since 
he found him ‘still swelling with rage against the 
Romans; for this reason he returned unsuccessful. 
And Belisarius came to’ Byzantium at the summons 
ot the’«mperor, having been removed from the office 
which he held, in order that he might march against 
the Vandals; but Sittas, as had been decreed by the 
Emperor Justinian, went to the East in order to 
guard that portion of the empire. 1 And the Persians 
once more invaded Mesopotamia with a great army 
under command of Chanaranges and Aspebedes and 
Mermeroes. Since no one dared to engage with 
them, they made camp and began the siege of 
Martyropolis, where Bouzes and Bessas had been 
stationed in command of the garrison. This city 
lies in the land called Sophanene, two hundred ‘and 
forty stades distant from the city of Amida toward 
the north; it is just on the River Nymphius which 


195 


o 2 


7 


10 


ll 


12 


13 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Nuyudio tO Tota éotw, b3 tiv Te ‘Popator 
yi cal Tepody d:opifver. of pev odv Tlépoa tO 
meptBorAwm mpocéBarrov, of Sé TrodcopKovpevor 
Kat apxas pév avtovrs avdpeiws bdictayTo, ov 
dia TOAD Se avOéEew éridofou Hoav. 6 Te yap 
mepiBoros erimayetatos jv ex Tod én mréeloTov 
Kal todopkia Ilepo@v padota addw@orpos, adtot 
Te TA émriTHdeva ov SvapKas elyov, ov pv ovdE 
pnxyavas ovdé Te AdAXAO akLoypewv Kal 6 TL apv- 
vevtar. Yirtas S€ cal 6 ‘Pwpyaiwv otpatos és 
xopiov pev “Attayas Oov, Maptupotodeas 
éxatov atadiow Suéyov, és ta mpocw Oe ovK 
os of 2/ > ’ > an > / 
éroApov tévat, AA avTod évoTpatoTedevoedpevot 
y a \ > a ¢ / = 
éuevov. Evvqv 5é avtois cal “Epporyévns adfis 
> \ / 2 6 LA > 4 \ 
énl mpecBeia éx Bufavtiov hewv. év tovT@ 5é 
Tovovoe TL EvvnvéyOn yevéoOat. 

Karackxérous €x maraiod év te “Popaiors Kat 

, , , , A OA s 
Ilépoaus Onpooig ouriver Pan vomos, ob 87) AdO pa 
iévat rapa tods Todeuiovs eidOacw Stas Trept- 
oKkoTncavtes és TO axpiBés TA mpaccopeva 
eita émaviovtes Tols apyovow écayyeihwot. Tov- 
TwV TOANOL pev EdvOig, WS TO EiKds, xpHTOaL és 
Tovs opoyeveis ev omovdH eyoucr, tives dé Kal’! 
tois évavttows mpolevtat Ta amoppnta.  ToTE 
ow é&« Ilepod@v xatdoKxomes tis és “Pawpaious 

\ > ” > a an he 

oTanrels €s dw te ‘lovetusave Bacirel jor, 
ddr Te TOMA é€eirev ev Tois BapBdpos mpac- 
copeva kal @s yévos Maccayetav él td “Po- 
paiwv tovnp® avtixa 6) pdra és ta Ilepoa@v 
On éEiaow, évOévde te és “Pwopaiwv tiv yh 
196 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xxi. 6-13 


divides the land of the Romans and ‘the Persians. 
So the Persians began to assail the fortifications, and, 
while the besieged at first withstood them manfully, 
it did not seem likely that they would hold out long. 
For the circuit-wall was quite easily assailable in 
most parts, and could be captured very easily by a 
Persian siege, and besides they did not have a 
sufficient supply of provisions, nor indeed had they 
engines of war nor anything else that was of any 
value for defending themselves. Meanwhile Sittas 
and the Roman army came to a place called Attachas, 
one hundred stades distant from Martyropolis, but 
they did not dare to advance further, but established 
their camp and remained there. Hermogenes also 
was with them, coming again as ambassador from 
Byzantium. © At this point the following event took 
place. 

It has been customary from ancient times both 
among the Romans and the Persians to maintain 
spies at public expense ; these men are accustomed 
to go secretly among the enemy, in order that they 
may investigate accurately what is going on, and 
may then return and report to the rulers. Many of 
these men, as is natural, exert themselves to act in a 
spirit of loyalty to their nation, while some also 
betray their secrets to the enemy. _At that time a 
certain spy who had been sent from the Persians to 
the Romans came into the presence of the Emperor 
Justinian and revealed many things which were 


_taking place among the barbarians, and, in particular, 


that the nation of the Massagetae, in order to injure 
the Romans, were on the very point of going out 
into the land of Persia, and that from there they 
were prepared to march into the territory of the 


197 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


iovtes TO Ilepoa@v otpated Erowpol cic avapi- 

14 yucOar- 6 8& tadta axovoas, Teipav te Hdy 
tov avOpérouv adnOecias mépi és abtov exon, 
Xphpaciw avTov adpois tice Xapiodpevos treiOer 
és te TO Llepo@v otpatéomedov iévar 5 6 Maptupo- 
monitas éTodLopKer, Kal toils tatty BapBapors . 
ayyeinar Stu 82) of Maccayérar obtor Yphpacww 
avarreobévtes TO “Pwpaiwy Bacire? pédAXovew 

15 écov ove em auTovs nee. 06 8 Kata TadTa 
emrolel, &S TETO TOV BapBapov oTpaTomedoy aino- 
pevos TO TE Xavapayyn Kal tots adXous anny- 
yerre oTpdtevpa Otvvorv Trorepiov odicwy ovK és 

16 paxpav és Tvs “‘Papaiovs adifecPar. of 8é 
émel TadTa HKovoav, KaTwppodnady te Kab ém 
Tois mapodot Sin ropobyro. 

17.) Ep TOUT@ 6é EvvéBn Tovnpws TO KaBdby 
voohaar TO c@pa, Kal Tepe tow &a tov) of & 
Tots pardiora émutnecordray * xaréoas, MeSodny 
bvopa, éxowonoyetro api Te TO Xoopoy kal TH 
Bacrreia, dedrévan TE Ilépoas épacne pn Te TOV 
avT@ PeBovrevpévov aroynoat év omovoy &£ou- 

18 cw. 0 S€ ot THs yvapns THD Sn hoory év ypape. 
paow aTroNTrety nEiov, Oapoodvra @S ov [i TOTE 

19 auTny Umepideiv TOAPLNTOSL MWépoar. KaBddns 
ev ov aVTLKpUS Stet ero Bacvhéa Xoagpony 
Tlépoas cabicracban, TO 6€ ypappa 0 MeBddns 
autos eypade, Kal oO KaBadys avtixa e& avo pw- 

20 Tov Hpavicro. Kat émel Ta vopipa mavTa emt 
Th Tod PBacrréws tapy éyeyover, 0 péev. Kacons 


1 7@v Haury: roy MSS. 
2 émirndeotdtay Haury : éirndesdtaroy MSS. 


198 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xxi. 13-20 


Romans, and unite with the Persian army, When 
the emperor heard this, having already a proof of 
the man’s truthfulness to him, he presented him 
with a handsome sum of money and persuaded him 
to go to the Persian army which was besieging the 
Martyropolitans, and announce to the barbarians 
there that these Massagetae had been won over with 
money by the Roman emperor, and were about to 
come against them that very moment, The spy 
carried out these instructions, and coming to the 
army of the barbarians he announced to Chanaranges 
and the others that an army of Huns hostile to them 
would at no distant time come to the Romans. And 
when they heard this, they were seized with 
terror, and were at aloss how to deal with the 
situation. 

At this juncture it came about that Cabades 
became seriously ill, and he called to him one of the 
Persians who were in closest intimacy with him, 
Mebodes by name, and conversed with him con- 
cerning Chosroes and the kingdom, and said he 
feared the Persians would make a serious attempt to 
disregard some of the things which had been 
decided upon by him. But Mebodes asked him to 
leave the declaration of his purpose in writing, and 
bade him be confident that the Persians would never 
dare to disregard it. So Cabades set it down plainly 
that Chosroes should become king over the Persians. 
The document was written by Mebodes himself, and 
Cabades immediately passed from among men. And 
when everything had been performed as prescribed 
by law in the burial of the king, then Caoses, 


#99 


Sept. 13, 5! 


21 


26 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


TO vouw Oapodv éweBdreve THs Tipys, 6 Se 
MeBodns éexdrve, hPackwy ovdéva yphvar avTo- 
patov és thy PBacirelay iévar, adrda Whido 
Ilepcav tay Aoyipwv. Kal ods émétpeTe Tails 
apxais TV Tepl TOD TMpayuwaTos yvaow, ovdev 
évOévie ExeoOai oi évavtiopa brotondlav.  émel 
5é raves of Lepoav Aoyipou és TodTO aynyep- 
pévot exdOnvro, TO pev ypdupa o MeBodns 
avanreEdpevos tHhv KaBdbdov dapdh 78 Xoopoy 
ed7)Aov Ywopny, dvapuna Bévres dé THs KaB8déou 
aperijs amravTes Baciréa lépoais  abtixa 
Xoo ponv dveiTov. 

Otte bev 6 Xoapons Tv px éoxev. év O€ 
Mapruporonex itTas TE Kal “Eppoyevns appl TH 
TONEL Sexpaivorres, Gpbvew yap, kwvduvevovan 
ovdapt) elon, erepypay Twas &s Tovs TodEutous, 
of Tots oTparnyois és op énOovtes édeEav ToLdbe 
" AchnOare bpas avTous Baovhet TE TO epooy 
Kal Tots THs elpnvns aryabois Kab mohurela éxatépa 
éurrod@v ov déov evo pevor. mpéo Bews yap éx 
Baciréws éoTadpévor Tavov Ta pero, éf’ @ Tapa 
Tov Tlepody Bacthéa idvtes Td Te Sido a dia- 
Avoouge Kal Tas aovdas pos avTov Onoovrar: 
aAX @s TaxLoTAa _ebaviaTapevor THs ‘Popatov 

vis Evyxepeite TOUS mpéo Beor mpaocew a éKa- 
tépois Evvoicew pédee. Eroupor yap éo 

vmép TovT@V aur op kal ounpous d.dovat 
avdpas Soxipous, as 6 épye ovx eis paxpay 
émuTenA éoTaL.  Popater pev ot mpéo Bes TOO- 
adta elmov. érvyyave 5é Kal dyyedos éx TOV 
Bacirelwv és adbtods ixav, ds 8%) adtois teredev- * 


200 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, L. xxi. 20-26 


confident by reason of the law, tried to lay claim to 
the office, but Mebodes stood in his way, asserting 
that no one ought to assume the royal power by his 
- own initiative but by vote of the Persian notables. 
So Caoses committed the decision in the matter to 
the magistrates, supposing that there would be no 
opposition to him from there. But when all the 
Persian notables had been gathered together for this 
purpose and were in session, Mebodes read the 
document and stated the purpose of Cabades 
regarding Chosroes, and all, calling to mind the 
virtue of Cabades, straightway declared Chosroes 
King of the Persians. 

Thus then Chosroes secured the power. But at 
Martyropolis, Sittas and Hermogenes were in fear 
concerning the city, since they were utterly unable 
to defend it in its peril, and they sent certain men to 
the enemy, who came before the generals and spoke 
as follows: “It has escaped your own notice that 
you are becoming wrongfully an obstacle to the king 
of the Persians and to the blessings of peace and. to 
each state. For ambassadors sent from the emperor 
are even now present in order that they may go to 
the king of the Persians and there settle the 
differences and establish a treaty with him; but do 
you as quickly as possible remove from the land of 
the Romans and permit the ambassadors to act in the 
manner which will be of advantage to both peoples. 
For we are ready also to give as hostages men of 
repute concerning these very things, to prove that 
they will be actually accomplished at no distant date.” 
Such were the words of the ambassadors of the 
Romans. It happened also that a messenger came to 
them from the palace, who brought them word that 


201 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Tnxévat pev KaBddnv eonyyednre, Xooponv dé 
Tov ‘KaBdéou Baovhéa KaTaoThvat Mépoaus, 
TavTy TE TA mpaypara Ho phabat odior. ‘Kab 
an” avrod TOUS ‘Popaioy Aoyous ot otpatnyol 
dopevot ijKovoay, ate Kal Thy Otveor Epodov 
Seicavtes. “Pawpaior peep ow év omajpov oye 
evdus edooay Maprivoy Te Kal TOV LiTTA Sopu- 
popwv éva, Yevéxtoy dvopa: Tlépoa b¢ Sadw- 
oavres Tip T poged petay evOd@pov THD dvax.opn- 
ow emoujoavTo. ot Te Odvvor ov TONG batepov 
éaBadovres eis yhv TH ‘Papator, émrel. Tov 
Tepody oT par ov évrabda ovdx, eb pov, by’ oMryov 
THD erred po pny Tomodpevos €m’ olkov i menial 
cOncayv araytes. 


XXII 


Abrixa dé Kal ‘Pougives Te Kal ’AdéEavdpos 
Kat Oapas os Edv “Eppoyéver m peo Bevo ovres 
ror, Tapa TE Tepo@y TOV Baciréa mavres 
adixovro és moTapov Tir, mY. Kal avTovds ev 
Xoo pons érrev6?) elde, TOUS Op pous apie. Tac - 
aevovtes b¢ X Xoo pony ot mpéo Reus émaywyd TE 
TONNA éheEav xal ‘Popatoy os Harare mpéaBeot 
7 émovra. ols én XerponOns o 0 Xoopons EVO pEVOS 
THY pev elpyyny mépas OuK éXovoay déxa Kal éka- 
TOV ean Np agi @ponroyer mpos avrovs OjcecAar, 
ep’ 6 én 0 TOV éV Mesororapyig oTparioTay 
dpyav pncere év Adpas TO oem ov ein, GAN’, év 


Kovoravrivy TOV amavTa Xpovov Siaryévouro QTep. 


Kal TO TaraLoy eiOioto: ppovpia de Ta ev Nakixh 


202 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xxi. 26-xxii. 3 


Cabades had died and that Chosroes, son of Cabades, 
had become king over the Persians, and that in this 
-way the situation had become unsettled. And as a 
result ot this the generals heard the words of the 
Romans gladly, since they feared also the attack of 
the Huns. The Romans therefore straightway gave 
as hostages Martinus and one of the body-guards of 
Sittas, Senecius by name ; so the Persians broke up 
the siege and made their departure promptly. And 
the Huns not long afterward invaded the land of the 
Romans, but since they did not find the Persian 
army there, they made their raid a short one, and 
then all departed homeward. 


XXII 


Srraicutway Rufinus and Alexander and Thomas 
came to act as ambassadors with Hermogenes, and 
they all came before the Persian king at the River 
Tigris. And when Chosroes saw them, he released 
the hostages. Then the ambassadors coaxed Chosroes, 
and spoke many beguiling words most unbecoming 
to Roman ambassadors. By this treatment Chosroes 
became tractable, and agreed to establish a peace 
with them that should be without end for the 
price of one hundred and ten “centenaria,’ on 
condition that the commander of troops in Meso- 
potamia should be no _ longer at Daras, but 
should spend all his time in Constantina, as was 
customary in former times; but the fortresses in 


203 


10 


11 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


> / > , , 2 A f " / 
ov« &bn amodwce, Kaimep abtos 76 Te Dapay- 
ytov Kal BaérXov 7d dpovpiov Sixarav mpds “Po- 
pateov aronaPeiv. Exe dé Aitpas TO KevTHVApLOV 
éxatov, ad’ ob 82) Kal @vdmactat. Kévtov yap TA 
éxatov Kadodor “Popaio. todto b€é of did0c8at 

a / Is © / / / c ta 
TO ypvaotov HEiov, ws unTe TOW Adpas “Powpaior 
Kabeneiv avayxaforrar unte puNaxTypiov Tod ev 
moinats Kaoriaws petadayeiv Ilépoais. ot pévtot 
mpécBes Ta pev ara éergnvovy, Ta dé Ppovpia 
évdiddvat ov« épackov oloi Te elvar, iy pn Baot- 
Aéws apd’ adtois wi@wvtar mpotepov.  éd0ke 

/ c va) \ ¢ \ 4 > / 
toivuy “Povdivoy pév itrép TovTwv és Bufadvtiov 
orédnrecOat, Tors 5é adrous, Ews adTos eravin, 
péverv. Kal xpovos huepov EBSopunKxovta ‘Povdive 

/ >? \ bla > \ \ ~ ie n > 
Evvéxerto és thv adiéw. émel dé o “Poudivos és 
Bufdvriov adixdpevos Bacidel amnyyedrev boa 
Xocpon audi tH eipnvy Soxodyta ein, éxédevoe 
Baciheds kata Tadta cdicr ny eipnvnv Euv- 
totacbat. 

"ANN ev TOUTH Hun Tis OK aXNONS Heovea és 
ta Ilepody 70m Baciréa “lovetiviavon tryyedrev 
> A Crp ca) tal \ / 
opytoOévta “Povdivov kreivar. obs 6) Xoopons 
Evvrapay Gels Te Kal Supp TONG nn €&xopevos 
TO mavrl oTpar@ emt “Papatous 7 Tel. “Poudivos 
8é oi petakd éerravnkov eveTUxE TONES Nici Brdos 
ob pax pay arrobev.’ 10 8 avrot Te év TH ToNeL 
TavTy éyévovto xal, érrel THY elpnynv ReBavody 
éwedXrov, TA Xpupara oi mpécBeus evratia éx0- 
pufov. adrAN ‘lovotiwave Baciret ta Aatixhs 


dpovpia EvyxeywpynKote peTéuerev dn, ypappata 


204 


t 


ia i 


——_--S—-~—S Er ra 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xxii. 3-11 | 


Lazica he refused to give back, although he himself 
demanded that he should receive -back from the 
‘Romans both Pharangium and the fortress of Bolum. 
(Now the “centenarium”’ weighs one hundred pounds, 
for which reason it is so called; for the Romans call 
one hundred “centum’’). He demanded that this 
gold be given him, in order that the Romans might 
not be compelled either to tear down the city of 
Daras or to share the garrison at the Caspian Gates 
with the Persians.1 However the ambassadors, while 
approving the rest, said that. they were not able to 
concede the fortresses, unless they should first make 
enquiry of the emperor concerning them. It was 
decided, accordingly, that Rufinus should be sent 
concerning them to Byzantium, and.that the others 
should wait until he should return. And it was 
arranged with Rufinus that seventy days’ time 
be allowed until he should arrive. When Rufinus 
reached Byzantium and reported to the emperor 
what Chosroes’ decision was concerning the peace, 
the emperor commanded that the peace be concluded 
by them on these terms. 

In the meantime, however, a report which was not 
true reached Persia saying that the Emperor Jus- 
tinian had become enraged and put Rufinus to death. 
Chosroes indeed was much perturbed by this, and, 
already filled with anger, he advanced against the 
Romans with his whole army. But Rufinus met him 
on the way as he was returning not far from the city 
of Nisibis. Therefore they. proceeded to this city 
themselves, and, since they were about to establish - 
the peace, the ambassadors began to convey the 
money thither. But the Emperor Justinian was 
already repenting that he had given up the strong- 

1 Of. chap. xvi. 7. 
205 


12 


13 


14 


15 


16 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Te avTiKpUS aToNeyorTa Tois mpécBeaw eypade 

pndapas avta mpoierOai Mépaais. S10 82 Xoapons 
\ X / > / os / « 

tas otrovdas Béc0ar oveéts HEiov, Kal ToTe “Pov- 

/ ” / ae ¢ UA x > é 
hive evvoid Tis eyéveTO WS TAXUTEPA 7) aopané- 
atepa Bovdrevoduevos és ynv tHv Llepody ta 
Xphpata éoxopuiceev. avtixa yodv és TO aos 
Kabjce TO cdma, Kelpevos Te mpnvyns Nooponv 
ixéreve Ta Te XpHuata ohio. Evutréwryar Kal py 
3-'\i @ / > \ / > A > , 
éml “Pwpaious evOds otpatevery, AXA és YpovoV 

~_ \ / : > , ‘ 
Twa ETepoy Tov ToAELOV aTroTiMecOar. Xocpons 
bé¢ avtrov évOévde éxéreveyv éEavictacba, dravTa 
oi tadtTa yapteicPar brocyépevos. ot Te yodv 
mpéaBes Edv trois ypnpacw és Adpas AOov, Kat 
6 Ilepoav otparos orricw arjdavve. 

Kal rote pév ‘Povdivoy ot EvymrperBevtal dv 
Umowias Te avTol és TA paddLoTAa ~xyov Kal és 
Baciréa SiéBardov, ‘rexparpdyevor Ste by of 
anavta 0 Xoopons boa éypyntev avtov avarret- 

\ / 4 / tay 
abels Evveyopnoev. edpace pévtor avTov dia 
tadta Bactreds ovdév dxapt. ypdove Se od TOAAG 
¢ c ally > \ \> , 5 
vatepov Poudivos te avtTos kat "Epyoyevns avOis 

\ / > f 4 
mapa Xocponv éatédXovTo, & Te TAS amoVvoAaS 
> / > / , PRR es | pits 
auTiKa BAN done, EvvéSnaay, ed ” CAB TEPOE aTro- 
demcovow dca by appdtepo ywpia ev THdE TO 
Toréu@ aAdjrovs adeldovTo, Kal pynKéTe oTpa- 


_Ti@Tav Tis apxyn év Adpas ein Tots te "1 Bnpow 


édé50xTo ev youn elvar 7) pévery avtod év Bu- 
a \ 
Cavtio, 7} és oh@v THY TraTpida éraviévar. Hoav 
/ 
dé moAXol Kal of pévovtes Kal oi émaviovtes és 


206 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xxii. 11-16 


holds of Lazica, and) he wrote a letter to the 
-ambassadors. expressly commanding them by no 
means to hand them over to the Persians. . For this 
reason Chosroes no longer saw fit to make the treaty ; 
and then it came to the mind of Rufinus that he had 
counselled more speedily than safely in bringing the 
money into the land of Persia. Straightway, there- 
fore, he threw himself on the earth, and lying prone 
he entreated Chosroes to send the money back with 
them and not march immediately against the Romans, 
but to put off the war to some other time. And 
Chosroes bade him rise from the ground, promising 
that he would ‘grant all these things. So the 
ambassadors with the money came to Daras and the 
Persian army marched back. 

Then indeed the fellow-ambassadors of Rufinus 
began to regard him with extreme suspicion them- 
selves, and they also denounced him to the emperor, 
basing their judgment on the fact that Chosroes had 
been persuaded to concede him everything which he 
asked of him. | However, the emperor showed him 
no disfavour on account of this, At a time not long 
after this Rufinus himself and Hermogenes were 
again sent to the court of Chosroes, and they imme- 
diately came to agreement with each other con- 
cerning the treaty, subject to the condition that 
both sides should give back all the places which each 
nation had wrested from the other in that war, and 
that there should no longer be any military post in 
Daras ; as for the Iberians, it was agreed that the 
decision rested with them whether they should 
remain there in ‘Byzantium or return to their own 
fatherland. And there were many who remained, 
and many also who returned to their ancestral 


207 


17 


18 


19 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Ta maT pea 70m. ott Toivuy THY Te amrépavTov 
Kahovpevny el prjyny éomelcavro, ExTOV Hen eros 
Thy Bactdetav ‘lovetimavod éxovtos. Kal ‘Po- 
peaiot pev TO Te Papayyiov kal BaXov To hpovptov 
Edy Tots Xpipace Tlépoaus edocay, Tleépoae 6é 
Popaiors Ta Maticns bpovpia.) Kal Adyapw 5é 
‘Popators anébdocav Tlépoa, avr’ auTou Erepov 
KEKO [LT HEVOL ovK apavi, av6pa. oUTOS 0 Adyapis 
pove TO vaTépp TONNGKLS Odvvous és yhv TH 
Popaiwr STR MRT paxXas viKnoas é&nXa- 
oev. iy yap Siadepovtas ayabos Ta TOE MLa.. 
Tas pev ovv T pos aX ous omovedas TpOT@ TO 
eipnpéeve aupotepor éxpativavto. 


XXIII 


EvOds &é Baornei ExaTépo émeBouhny yevéeoBar 
EvynvéxOn Tpos TOV Urnkowv évriva pévroe Tpo- 
mov avtixa onroow. Xoo pons 0 KaBddov & ara- 
KTOS Te Ua thy didvorav Kal ver épav Tpayparav 
épacrns aroT-os. 610 87 avros Te del _SuTrews 
Tapaxis Te Kal BopvBav éyivero Kal TOV opotov 
Tous aaus dnacw aiTLoTaros. ayxO opevor odv 
avToo TH apxn® boot év Tlépoas Spactnpiot Hoa, 
éTepov agian Bacthéa Katastnoacban é ex TAS Ka- 
Badou oiKias év Bounry eixov. Kab Cy yap, avtois 
monUS tis M0005 THs Zdpou apis, hv 81.0 VOHOS 
aitia Ths Tob opParpod AwBns, domep pot ép- 
p#On, ex@Ave) Noyicdpevor nbpioKkov opiow auTtots 
dpewvov eivac KaBddnv pév tov adtod maida Kab 


1 ppotpia GPH: xapla V. 2 apxi VP: rapaxh G. 
208 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xxii. 16-xxiii. 4 


homes. Thus, then, they concluded the so-called 532 .». 
“endless peace,’ when the Emperor Justinian was 
already in the sixth year of his reign. And the 
Romans gave the Persians Pharangium and the 
fortress of Bolum together with the money, and the 
Persians gave the Romans the strongholds of 
Lazica. The Persians also returned Dagaris to the 
Romans, and received in return for him another man 
of no mean station. This Dagaris in later times 
often conquered the Huns in battle when they had 
invaded the land of the Romans, and drove them 
out; for he was an exceptionally able warrior. 
Thus both sides in the manner described made secure 
the treaty between them. 


XXIII 


Srraigutway it came about that plots were formed 
against both rulers by their subjects; and I shall 
now explain how this happened. Chosroes, the son 
of Cabades, was a man of an unruly turn of 
mind and strangely fond. of innovations. For this 
reason he himself was always full of excitement 
and alarms, and he was an unfailing cause of similar 
feelings in all others. All, therefore, who were men 
of action among the Persians, in vexation at his 
administration, were purposing to establish over 
themselves.another king from the house of Cabades. 
And since they longed earnestly for the rule of 
Zames, which was made impossible by the law by 
reason of the disfigurement of his eye, as has been 
stated, they found upon consideration that the best 
course for them was to establish in power his child 


209 
VOL, I, P 


10 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


TO Tam Te Omeovupov és TH dpxnv KaTaoThoa- 
cba, Zapny dé, dte TO mardi enltpoTov évta, 
StoixetoBae 6 én Bovnorro Ta Tlepoav mpdypara. 
yevouevot Te Tapa tov Zaynv TO Te Bovreupa 
efrveyxay Kal mT pobvpia TOXAD. éyxehevopevor és 
Ta mpatw évipyov. Kal émel TOV avipa 7 » Bovdy 
TiperKer, és catpov T@ Xocpoy én noerOau dzevo- 
ovvTo. exTrUaTOS 5é 9) Bound péxpt és Tov Baciréa 
YeyernpeVn Ta paca opeva duex@Avae. Zapny Te 
yap avTov o Xoopons Kab TOUS abrob Te Kal Ldpov 
aderdors a&ravtas Evy yove Twavtl dpoeve ExTewve, 
cal Iepody TOY Soxipav dcovs TOV en’ avT@ 
BeBovrevpévov 1 v7) apEau i) peTaraxety TpoT@ 87 
bT@ TeTUXNKED. év Tois Kal “AomeBédns Rv o THS 
Kngpiew. pT pos aderpos. 

KaBddnyv pévTOL Tov Zdpov viov avros pev 
KTelvelv ovdapuh elev. ére yap v0 avapayyn TO 
"AdepyouvdovvBady étpépeto. avT@ d€ yavapayyn 
Tov maida TobTov bvTrEp eOperparo éméoterne b1a- 
Xpycacban. ove yap TO avdpl anvorety educatou 
OUTE adhos aurov BrdtecBau elev. 6 Bev ovv 
Xavapayyns, émel TAS Xoapdou eVTONAS ERG: 
Teplahynoas Te Kal damoxhavaas TH cuppopa v 
éxowwondoretro TH yuvacet kat KaSadov tity 6 ca 
ot 0 Bacireds émioteidere. Saxpioaca dé 9) yur) 
ral TOV yovadTwv TOU avd pos raBopuévn, expnte 
TéXYN pndewed KaPadnv KTELVaL. Bovrevodpevor 
ovv év odiow avTois édovigavro K PUTT OMEVOY pev 
os acparéorara Tov Traida _ cRTpepery, TO Sé 
Xoo poy KaTa TaXOS onphvat ws oi 6 KaBddys « 
avOporav adavicbein. Kal TO Te Bactre? Kat 


1 xaracthaacba Wahler : xararrhoerdat MSS. 
2190 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xxiii. 4-10 


Cabades, who bore the same name as his grandfather, 
while Zames, as guardian of the child, should admin- 
ister the affairs of the Persians as he wished. So 
they went to Zames and disclosed their plan, and, 
urging him on with great enthusiasm, they en- 
deavoured to persuade him to undertake the thing. 
And since the plan pleased him, they were purposing 
to assail Chosroes at the fitting moment. But the 
plan was discovered and came to the knowledge of 
the king, and thus their proceedings were stopped. 
For Chosroes slew Zames himself and all his own 
brothers and those of Zames together with all their 
male offspring, and also all the Persian notables who 
had either begun or taken part in any way in the 
plot against him. Among these was Aspebedes, the 
brother of Chosroes’ mother. 

Cabades, however, the son of Zames, he was quite 
unable to kill; for he was still being reared under 
the chanaranges, Adergoudounbades. But he sent 
a message to the chanaranges, bidding him him- 
self kall the boy he had reared; for he neither 
thought it well to show mistrust, nor yet had 
he power to compel him. The chanaranges, there- 
fore, upon hearing the commands of Chosroes, was 
exceedingly grieved and, lamenting the misfortune, 
he communicated to his wife and Cabades’ nurse all 
that. the king had commanded. Then the woman, 
bursting into tears and seizing the knees of her 
husband, entreated him by no means to kill Cabades. 
They therefore consulted together, and planned to 
bring up the child in the most secure concealment, 
and to send word in haste to Chosroes that. Cabades 
had been put out of the world for him. And they 


211 
Pp 2 


11 


12 


13 


14 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


TavTa éonpaivov Tov Te KaBddnv otras améxpu- 
wav dote TovTov ye Tapeixovto ovdevl aicOnow, 
dtt pr Ovappdpn te TO ohetép@ maidl Kal Tdv 
oikeTav évi, ds 82) adtois muctoTaTOS és TA pa- 
Mota édokev civar. érel dé mpoidvtos Tod ypovov 
és jAuxiav 6 KaBdbdns 4rOe, Seicas 0 yavapayyns 
pn Ta TEeTpaypeva es Pas ayoLTO, XpHMAaTA TE TO 
KaBdbn édidou cat aitov amadrdayévta éxédeve 
diaca@lecOar brn ot devyovts Suvata ein. TOTE 
pev odv Xoaponv te cal tos adXovs dravTas 
Tavra SvaTrem paypévos 6 yavapayyns érdvOave. 
Xpove 6€ botepov o pev Xoopons és yhv Thy 
Korxyida otpat@ peyar@ éoéBadrev, ds pot év 
Tots dmriaOev ROxyous yeyparyveras, eltreto é avTO 
6 TovTov Si Tod Yavapayyou vids Ovappayns, 
aAXous Te TOV oiKeTav ETTayopevos Kal d¢ avTO 
Ta és tov KaBddnv Evveriotdpevos ervyev: 
évTav0a 7 Baciret Ovappauns Ta dul TO 
KaBaby amavta éppate, Kal tov olKéTny eg’ 
admraciv ot | OporoyobvTa TapelXero. TadTa érrel 6 o 
Xocpons éyvw, TO TE Ovpa@ dn breppuas el'yeTo 
Kal dewa émotetro el ™ pos dovNov ) avdpos ToavTa 
épya meTrovbas ein, od éxwv Te bras oi drroxet- 


15 pov Tov dvdpa mowoin, érrevoet Tdoe. avica €x ys 


THS Koaxidos én olkov avaxwpeiv eMerne, ypa- 
pee TO Xavapayyn TOUT@ ore 67) avT@ BeBounrev- 
péva ein mavri TO oTpaT@ és yi THY ‘Popaiov 
éoBarreELv, ovK ev pid pévToL THs Kwpas cicdd@, 
ara Sixa Toincapevm 70 Ilepooy orpatevpa, 


212 


a 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xxiii. 1o—15 


sent word to the king to this effect, and concealed 
Cabades in such a way that the affair did not come 
to the notice of any one, except Varrames, their own 
child, and one of the servants who seemed to 
them to be in every way most trustworthy. But 


when, as time went on, Cabades came of age, the 


chanaranges began to fear lest what had been done 
should be brought to light; he therefore gave Cabades 
money and bade him depart and save himself by flight 
wherever he could. At that time, then, Chosroes 
and all the others were in ignorance of the fact that 
the chanaranges had carried this thing through. 

At a later time Chosroes was making an invasion 
into the land of Colchis with a great army, as will 
be told in the following narrative.t And he was 
followed by the son of this same chanaranges, 
Varrames, who took with him a number of his 
servants, and among them the one who shared with 
him the knowledge of what had happened to Cabades ; 
while there Varrames told the king everything 
regarding Cabades, and he brought forward the 
servant agreeing with him in every particular. 
When Chosroes learned this he was forthwith ex- 
ceedingly angry, and he counted it a dreadful thing 
that he had suffered such things at the hand of a 
man who was his slave ; and since he had no other 
means of getting the man under his hand he devised 
the following plan. When he was about to return 
homeward from the land of Colchis, he wrote to this 
chanaranges that he had decided to invade the land 
of the Romans with his whole army, not, however, 
by a single inroad into the country, but making two, 


divisions of the Persian army, in order that the 


1 Cf. Book IT. xvii. 
213 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


émws of évtos Te Kal éxTds TwoTapod Eidpdadrov 
16 émt Tovs ToAEpious 7) éoBorr EoTar. pd pev odv 
THS oTpaTias poipa és THv Todeulay avTOY, WS TO 
eixos, eEnynoecOat, érépw Sé oddevi évdiddvat THY 
avtod. SovAwy ioa 7 Bacirei év TavTn 89 TH 
Toph éxew, STL py avT@ xavapayyn THS ApEeTHS 
17 &vexa, Seiv toivyy adtov pev ev TH amor opelg * 
Kara TaX0s ot és dypw érOeiv, 6 Srras avT@ Kotvo- 
oyna dpevos amavrTa émloTeNKot boa Evvoicew 
TH orparea pédXo1, Tovs S€ dv ate driae 
18 Kedeverv 686 iva. tadra érret 6 Navapayyns 
dmevexdevra elde, TEpLXapns yeyoves Th és 
avrov TOU Baciréws Thea pax pav Té aTroNE NEL 
HEvOS TOY oikel@y KAKO”, auTixa 7a evreTapeva 
19 emiTen i} émroier. ev S€ TH 059 TAaUTN avr exe, 7@ 
Tove ovdayh exov (iv yap Tes yépov 0 np 
pidora) Tov Té xaduwvov peels Tob immou 
éxmbmrret Kai ol TO eév 7@ oKérer GoTéov épparyn’ 
51d 8) avr@ émdvarykes Hv évrabba Jeparrevopéve 
Houxh pévew, és Te TO x@ptov Tobro TO Bacinet 
20 HeovtTe és drvpw HrGe. Kal aire Xoopons épacke 
Evotparevew chicw obtas EXOvTL Tob moos 
adivara elvat, aNRA yphvas avrov és TL TOV 
éxetvy ppouptov iovTa THs _T pos. TOV ta- 
21 Tpav émipenelas évTad0a Tuxely. | ovT@ fev O 
Xoo pons tTyv én TO Gavar@ Tov avOpwrov 
arreTépAyaro, «al bby aut Omicbev eltovto 
olmrep avrov é&y T@ ppoupio arronely euedrov, 
_ pa év Tépoaus anrTnTov oTpatnyov évTa TE 
"Kal Neyopuevor, doTrep él Swdexa EOvn BapBapwv 


1 Gmromropela P: &roropla V, aropla G, cf. IL. x. 24. 
214 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xxiii. 15-21 


attack might be made upon the enemy on both 
sides of the River Euphrates. Now one division 
of the army he himself, as was natural, would lead 
into the hostile land, while to no one else of his 
subjects would he grant the privilege of holding 
equal honour with the king in this matter, except to 
the chanaranges himself on’ account of his valour. 
It was necessary, therefore, that the chanaranges 
should come speedily to meet him as he returned, in 
order that he might confer with him and give him 
all the directions which would be of advantage to 
the army, and that he should bid his attendants 
travel behind him on the road... When the: chana- 
ranges received this message, he was overjoyed at 
the honour shown him by the king, and in complete 
ignorance of his own evil plight, he immediately 
carried out the instructions. But in the course of 
this journey, since he was quite unable to sustain 
the toil of it (for he was a very old man), he relaxed 
his hold on the reins and fell off his horse, breaking 
the bone in his leg, It was therefore necessary for 
him to remain there quietly and be cared for, and 
the king came to that place and saw him. And 
Chosroes said to him that with his leg in such a 
plight it was not possible that he make the 
expedition with them, but that he must go to one of 
the fortresses in that region and receive treatment 
there from the physicians. Thus then Chosroes 
sent the man away on the road to death, and behind 
him followed the very men who were to. destroy 
him in the fortress,—a man who was in fact as well 
as in name an invincible general among the Persians, 
who had marched against twelve nations of barbarians 


275 


22 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


otpatevoas admavta KaBdbdn Baotret tapeorn- 
caro. Tod Sé ’AdepyovdouvBddov é& avOpeéTrav 
apavic Bévtos, Ovappapns 0 Tais TO TOD Yavapay- 


23 you dkimpa éoye. ypdve 58 od TOAA@ boTepov 


» 4 3 f_- a / ev ” 

elite KaBadns avtos, 0 tod Zdpou vids, elite Tis 
addos értBatevov tod KaBaddou  dvopatos és 
Bufavtiov 7rAOe- KaBabdyn pévtor Bacidet tH 
v > / i \ > \ b] AX 
Ow éuhepéotatos tw. Kal avtov ‘lovatiavos 
Bacireds apdiyvoov pév, are 67 KaBSadou 

e Ul fol 

Baciréws viwvov, Eiv diroppocivn Torr ev 
Tin oye. TA wev ovv audi Tlépcas tos XKoopoyn 
éravactavtas éyéveTo WOE. 

"Yorepov 6& kal tov MeBddnv o Xoopons 
Sueypnoaro é& aitias Tovdode. TOV TL aTovVdai@D 
diayerpifov, tapovte tT ZaBepyavyn émétarte 

\ s an a \ an , id 
tov MeBodnv xareiv: ériryyave 6€ T@ MeBodn o 
ZaBepyavyns Siddhopos wv: ds 6) Tap avTov 
apikopevos etpioxe pev oTpaTi@tas Tos avT@ 
c / / \ a a SIN e 
émropevous Siétrovta, edeye O€ STL 2) avTov ws 

/ Lg \ 4 \ c \ a ae 
TaytoTa 0 Bacidevs Kaolin. Kal Oo pev avTiKa 
para, émedav ta év tool SidOntar, HpeoPar 
@podoyel, 0 6€ TH €s avTov exOer Hypévos amHy- 
yedre Xocpon ws ov Bovrorto MeBodns ev TO 
TapovTs HKev, pdcKev ot Twa acyoNay e¢ivat. 
Oup@ tolvuv 0 Xocpons éxopevos, oTeidas TOV Ob 
émropévav Twa Tapa TOV Tpitroda Tov MeBodnv 
éxéXevev igvat. 6 Te Se TovTO éoTW, avTixa 
dnA@ow. Tplrovs cidnpods Tpd TaV Bactrel@v 
éoael Eornkev. éreday ody tis tov Tlepoav 
mventat St. 8) ad’T@ 0 Bacireds yareras Exot, 
TovT@ dé} odte mn és iepov Kataduyeiv Bemis ovTE 
1 3¢ MSS.: Haury suggests 64, Christ brackets. 

216 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xxiii. 21-28 


and subjected them all to King Cabades. After 
Adergoudounbades had been removed from the 
world, Varrames, his son, received the office of 
ehanaranges. Not long after this either Cabades 
himself, the son of Zames, or someone else who was 
assuming the name of Cabades came to Byzantium ; 
certainly he resembled very closely in appearance 
Cabades, the king. And the Emperor Justinian, 
though in doubt concerning him, received him with 
great friendliness and honoured him as the grandson 
of Cabades. So then fared the Persians who rose 
against Chosroes. 

Later on Chosroes destroyed also Mebodes for the 
following reason. While the king was arranging a 
certain important matter, he directed Zaberganes 
who was present to call Mebodes. Now it happened 
that Zaberganes was on hostile terms with Mebodes. 
When he came to him, he found him marshalling the 
soldiers under his command, and he said that the 
king summoned him to come as quickly as possible. 
And Mebodes promised that he would follow directly 
as soon as he should have arranged the matter 
in hand; but Zaberganes, moved by his hostility to 
him, reported to Chosroes that Mebodes did not wish 
to come at present, claiming to have some business 
or other. Chosroes, therefore, moved with anger, 
sent one of his attendants commanding Mebodes to 
go to the tripod. Now as to what this is I shall 
explain forthwith. An iron tripod stands always’ 
before the palace; and whenever anyone of the 
Persians learns that the king is angry with him, it is 
not right for such a man to flee for refuge to a 


217 


29 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


aNAKAOGE tévalt, AANA Tapa. TodTov KAaOnpéve 
Tov Tpitoba TH Bactrtéas mpoodéxerOar Wwihor, 
TOV TaYT@V ovdevdS puddaceE avToV akLodYTOS, 
évtad0a 6 MeBodns ev sxnpate oixtp@ éxdOnto 
Huepas Todds, €ws Tis avTOV Xoapdov. émayyet- 
AavTos AaBov Exrewev. és TOUTS TE AUTO TA THS 
és Xoaponv evepyecias éxopycev. 


XXIV 


‘T7d dé tods adrods ypdvous év Bufavtio 
otdow TO SHpiw €x Tod ampoodoKyntou évéTtecer, 
i) peylorn te mapa Sokav éyévero nal és Karov 
peya TO te Shuw Kal TH Bovdrh éreredT HAGE TPOTH 
TOL@OE. 01 SHpuor ev TOAEL éExdoTny & Te Bevérous 
é« tradatod kab Ipacivous Sinpnvto, ov Todds 
Sé ypovos €& ob TovTwY. TE TeV dvoUaTa@V Kal TOV 
Ba@pov &exa ois 5) Oewpevor épectyKact, Ta TE 
Xpnyata SaTavdor Kal Ta copaTa aikiopois 
mixpoTatos mpolevrar Kat OvnoKew ovK aTra- 
Evodat Oavatw aicxyict@ paxovtat 5é mpos Tovs 
avTika0iotapévous, ovte eiddtes OBTov avrTois 
&vexa 6 Kivduves éotiv, éEemiotapevol Te @S, HV 
Kal mepiecwvtar Tav Svopevav TH wayn, erel- 
apetat avrois amayOhvat pev adtixa és TO Seopo- 
Typtov, aixitouévors 5& Ta éxxata cita aTrohw- 
evar. vera pev odv avTois TO és TOS TéAaS 
éyOos aitiav ovK éxov, péver 5é atedXevTyTOV és 
Tov TWdvTa aidva, ovTE KndEL OTE Evyyevela OTE 
218 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xxiii, 28-xxiv. 4 


sanctuary nor to go elsewhere, but he must seat him- 


self by this tripod and await the verdict of the king, © 


while no one at all dares protect him. There 
Mebodes sat in pitiable plight for many days, until 
he was seized and put to death at the command of 
Chosroes. Such was the final outcome of his good 
deeds to Chosroes. 


XXIV 


Ar this same time an insurrection broke out 
unexpectedly in Byzantium among the populace, 
and, contrary to expectation, it proved to be a very 
serious affair, and ended in great harm to the people 
and to the senate, as the following account will 
show. In every city the population has been 
divided for a long time past into the Blue and the 
Green factions; but within comparatively recent 
times it has come about that, for the sake of these 
names and the seats which the rival factions occupy 
in watching the games, they spend their money and 
abandon their bodies to the most cruel tortures, and 
even do not think it unworthy to die a most shame- 
ful death. And they fight against their opponents 
knowing not for what end they imperil themselves, 
but knowing well that, even if they overcome their 
enemy in the fight, the conclusion of the matter for 
them will be to be carried off straightway to the 
prison, and finally, after suffering extreme torture, to 
be destroyed. So there grows up in them against 
their fellow men a hostility which has no cause, and 
at no time does it cease or disappear, for it gives 


219 


Jan, 1, 532 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


firias Oecpd eixov, Hv Kal aderXpol 7 aXXo Tt 
Towodrov oi és TA Yp@pata TadTa Sidopor elev. 
péder te avtois ote Oeiwy ovte avOpwreiov 


A / 
TpayudTwov Tapa TO év TOUTOLS ViKaY, NY TE TL 


acéBnua és tov Oeov bd oTovody awapTavyntat 
mY TE OL VOMOL Kal % TrOALTELA Tpos TOV oiKEl@D 
) TOV TOAELiov BidfwvTat, émel Kal TOV ETLTN- 
Sciwv orravifovtes iaws Kav Tols avayKaLloTaTols 
adixoupévns adtois THs matpioos, ov mpooTrot- 
ovvTaL, Hv ye avtois KeicOar Td pépos ev KAX@ 
HAAN OUTM yap Tos gUaTacLMTaS KaovEL. 
peTahayxdvovat dé Tod dyous TOUTOU Kal yuvaiKes 
avtois, ov toils dvdpaow émropevar poovov, adda 
Kal TOUTOLS, av OUTH TUYOL, avTLCTATODCAL, Kal- 
Tep ovTe eis TA Odatpa TO Tapdtray iovcaL ovTE 
T@ GAAM aiTio Hnypevar: woTE OvK,. ExM@ AdrO 
TL éywye TOUTO cimeiy 7) Wuyis voonua. TadTa 
pev ovy tails Te Todect Kal Shum éxdot@ wWé 
™ exe. | 

Tore d€ 4) apxn, ). TO Sno epecotHxer ev Bufav- 
TL@, TOV OTACLWTOY TiWas THY emt OavaT@ amhye. 
Evpdppovncavtes O€ Kal omeroduevot mpds' aXAN- 
Rous éxdtepor TOvs Te ayopuévous apmafover Kal 
és TO Secpwrtypioy avtixa éoBavtes adiaow 
anavtas bc01 atdcews % éeTépov Tov adovTeEs 
atomnpatos édédevTo. . Kal.oi ev barnpétat, Boor 
TH THS TOEwS apXh EmovTat, éxreivovTo ovder) 
Oyo, TOV Se TodTAY et TL KaDapoy Hv és THY 


220 


—_ -- 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I, xxiv. 4-8 


place.neither to the ties of marriage nor of_relation- 
ship nor of friendship, and the case is the same even 
though those who differ with respect to these colours 
be brothers or any other kin. They care neither for 
things divine nor human in comparison with con- 
quering in these struggles; and it matters not 
whether a sacrilege is committed by anyone at all 
against God, or whether the laws and the con- 
stitution are violated by friend or by foe; nay 
even when they are perhaps ill supplied with 
the necessities of life, and when their fatherland 
is in the most pressing need and suffering un- 
justly, they pay no heed if only it is likely to 
go well with their “faction’’; for so they name 
the bands of partisans. And even women join 
with them in this unholy strife, and they not 
only follow the men, but even resist them if oppor- 
tunity offers, although they neither go to the. public 
exhibitions at all, nor are they impelled by any 
other cause; so that I, for my. part, am unable to 
call this anything except a disease of the soul. 
This, then, is pretty well how matters stand among 
the people of each and every city. 

But at this time the officers of the city administra- 
tion in Byzantium were leading away to death some 
of the rioters. But the members of the two factions, 
conspiring together and declaring a truce with each 
other, seized the prisoners and then straightway 
entered the prison and released all those who were 
in confinement there, whether they had been con- 
demned on a charge of stirring up sedition, or for 
any other unlawful act. And all the attendants in 
the service of the city government. were killed indis- 
criminately ; meanwhile, all of the citizens who were 


221 


10 


1] 


12 


13 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


avtTiTépas Hrerpov epevyov, Kal TH Woder TIP 
émredépeto, ws 5% Ud Trodepulous yeyevnuévyn. Kab 
TO lepov » Lodia To Te Radaveiov o Zevéimmos 
kal Ths Bacihéws aris Ta éx TOV. TpoTUAAL@D 
dypt és tov "Apews eyopuevov oikov caverta 
€pOapn, émt rovTos Te audpw at peyddat oroal 
pEXpL Tips ayopas avnxovca: 4) Keovoraytivou 
em eovupos erty, evdarpovev Te avO porov oikiat 
ToAral cal Xpypara peyana. Bacireds dé cal % 
cuvoikovea Kal TOV amo Bounajs evLot cabetp- 
Eavtes opas avTovs év Tanario novxator. Evp- 
Bonov be GX rOLS édidocav ol Ojpoe TO vika, 
Kal am avtod. és T0d¢ TOU Xpovov % KaTaoTacIs 
éxeivn T pogaryopeveran. 

Tore tis pev addgrs emapxos *loavyns iy 0 
Karaéoxns, TpeBovviavos dé, Tldpduros yévos, 
Bacthet mdpedpos* xotaictwpa todrov Kadodor 
‘Papator. tovtow arepos, “lwdvyns, Noyov pev 
TOV éhevdepicov Kal Tradelas anKOOS Tv. ov yap 
ao ovder és ypapparrarod por Euabev, bre 
a) ypappara, Kal Tatra Kana KAKOS [yeaa]: - 
pucews bé layvi TavT ov ryéyove Ouvat@ratos ov 
nets loper, yvravat TE yap Ta déovTa t. ixavo- 
TAaTOS HY Kal ow Tots aTrOpoLs evpeiv. movnpo- 
tatos 6é Yeyoves avOparov dim avTov 7H THS 
gicews Suvdper és TodTo éxpito, Kal ove Ged 
oyos ote avOpeTav avTov. aides Tis éaneEL, 
adda Biovs te atte avOporav moArOY aTrOX- 
Avvat Képdous Evexa Kal TrOodeLs Gras Kabeneiy €me- 
“s [yvpdéyat] bracketed by Herwerden, cf. Aristoph. Knights 


222 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xxiv. 8-13 


sane-minded were fleeing to the opposite mainland, 
and fire‘was applied to the city as if it had fallen 
under the hand of an, enemy. The sanctuary of 
Sophia and the baths of Zeuxippus, and the portion of 
the imperial residence from the propylaea as far as 
the so-called House of Ares were destroyed by fire, 
and besides these both the great colonnades which 
extended as far as the market place which bears the 
name of Constantine, in addition to many houses of 
wealthy men and a vast amount of treasure. During 
this time the emperor and his consort with a few 
members of the senate shut themselves up in the 
palace and remained quietly there. Now the watch- 
word which the populace passed around to one 
another was Nika,! and the insurrection has been 
called by this name up to the present time. 

The praetorian prefect at that time was John the 
Cappadocian, and Tribunianus, a Pamphylian _ by 
birth, was counsellor to the emperor; this person 
the Roman call “ quaestor.” One of these two men, 
John, was entirely without the advantages of a liberal 
education ; for he learned nothing while attending 
the elementary school except his letters, and these, 
too, poorly enough; but by his: natural ability he 
became the most. powerful man of whom we know. 
For he was most capable in deciding upon what was 


a) 


needful and in finding a solution for difficulties. But . 


he became the basest of all men and employed his 
natural power to further his low designs ; neither con- 
sideration for God nor any shame before man entered 
into his mind, but to destroy the lives of many men 
for the sake of gain and to wreck whole cities was his 


1 4.e. Conquer.” 


223 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Heres Hv. Ypovou yodv oriryou yYpHpaTa peydra 
meptBarouevos, és Kpav@ddnv Tid éxeNaKTLKEV 
épov ov éxovaay, axpe pev és Tov TOD apioToU 
katpov Anifopevos Tas TOV UTHKdwv ovcias, EO 
dé TO Aowrov Kal c@pmatos epyois acedyéow 
naxXoAnMEVOS’ KaTéxew Se éavTov ovdaph loyver, 
aAda Ta TE Bpopata péypt és Tov Euetov Habre 
Kal Ta XpHpmata KrEérTeELW Hey ip és del Erotpos, 
mpoteoBat dé ral damavay é ETOLMOTEPOS. ‘Tadvyns 
pev oov Tovobros TS ye TprBouveavos dé pucews 
pev duvdpet eXpijTo Kal masdelas és ax pov agi- 
KeTo TOV Kat avTov ovdevds hacov, és b& pido- 
Xenpariay Satpovios éorrovdaKas olos TE hy 
KEpOOUs a del TO Sixavov amodidocbat, TOV TE Vopr 
HEPES éx Tov éml mAeloTov éExadoTn TOUS pe 
avnpEl, TOUS be éypapev, ameumod@v Tots Seo- 
pévols Kara Ty peiav éxadTepov. 

“Eas pep obv 0 Sijpos omep TOV &y Tos Ypa- 
pacw ovopaToy TOV TONEMOV 7 pos arAHAOUS 
Suépepor, ovyos ovoels Hv @V ovTOL és Thy TOM- 
Telav jpapravov: émrel dé Evpppovycavres, @ domep 
éppyOn, és TI ordow KaTéoTnaay, &x Te TOU 
éuhavods ava Tacav THY moMy és avrous bBprlov 
Kal TEpUovTes éthrow éb & xteivwot. 81d 8 
Bactreds éracpifer bat TOV / Shwov eOdrov audo 
THS apxiis é&y TO TapavTixa Tapehuce. Kal 
Paxdav pe, avdpa mar piKtov, emapxov THS avANS 
KATETTHOATO, Evver@rartov Te Kal Tov diKxaiou 
émipedeta bar (KaVvOs mepuKora: Baoudetdnv dé 
TI ToD KOLALTT@POS. apxnv exew éxédevev, & TE 
émeiKelas yvaplmov ev TaTpLKiols byTa Kal dAdoS 


224 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xxiv. 13-18 


constant concern. So within a short time indeed 
he had acquired vast sums of money, and he flung 
himself completely into the sordid life of a drunken 
scoundrel ; for up to the time of lunch each day he. 
would plunder the property of his subjects, and for 
the rest of the day occupy himself with drinking 
and with wanton deeds of lust. And he was utterly 
unable to control himself, for he ate food until he 
vomited, and he was always ready to steal money 
and more ready to bring it out and spend it. Such 
a man then was John. ‘Tribunianus, on the other 
hand, both possessed natural ability and in edu- 
cational attainments was inferior to none of his 
contemporaries ; but he was extraordinarily fond of 
the pursuit of money and always ready to sell justice 
for gain; therefore every day, as a rule, he was 
repealing some laws and proposing others, selling off 
to those who requested it either favour according to 
their need. 

Now as long as the people were waging this war with 
each other in behalf of the names of the colours, no 
attention was paid to the offences of these men against 
the constitution ; but when the factions came to a 
mutual understanding, as has been said, and so began 
the sedition, then openly throughout the whole city 
they began to abuse the two and went about seeking 
them to kill. Accordingly the emperor, wishing to 
win the people to his side, instantly dismissed both 
these men from office. And Phocas, a patrician, he 
appointed praetorian prefect, aman of the greatest - 
discretion and fitted by nature to be a guardian of 
justice ; Basilides he commanded to fill the office of 
quaestor, a man known among the patricians for his 
agreeable qualities and a notable besides. However, 


225 
VOL, I. z : Q 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


19 ddxipov. ovdev pévtoe Hoorn oTdous én avrois? 
HK pate. mewTTD dé amd THs oTadcews Hepa 
mepl deihny opiay "love tiviavos Baovreds ‘Trario 
-te kal Lloprni@ trois “Avactaciouv 70d BeBact- 
NEUVKOTOS aergrdois oixade Os TayLoTa éné- 
oKNT TE tévau, elre Tu vearepov mpaccer bar 7 pos 
auray és cpa 70 oiketov brotonioas elte Kal 

20 avrovs a TET P@LEVN) és TOUTO HryeV. ot bé, omrep 

éyéveto, SeicavTes pa) opas o SHpwos és’ TH 

Baotrelav Braforro, épacay ov dixaia Troioew 

ei of@v Tov Baovréa Tapio oval és Tooovec 

xivduvov TeovTa. TavTa axovoas Tovotweavos 

Bacireds ert padrdov. és tH vToiay évéruTTe, 

Kal avTovs avTixa pdra éxédXevev aTaddAdoce- 

cOar. ottw yodv oixade T@ avdpe TOUTM exopt- 

fécOnv Kai, Téws pev vdE étiyxavey ovoa, év- 

Tava houxaterny. 

22 TH dé voTepaig dpa HrL@ aviaxovTt éxTruoTa 
és TOV Sjjpov éyévero OS apporépa amnraynTny 
THs &y mahatio. Siar piBis. eT pexXov ov én 
avTovs 0 Aews danas, Bactréa Te “Trratvov avn- 
yopevor, wal aur ov Os Tapahnopevov Ta mpay- 

23 para és TV ayo pay Hryov. Oe ‘Trartiou yuri} 
Mapia, Evvetn te odca Kal dofay € én coppoowy 
peylorny éxoura, elXeTO ev TOU avdpos Kal ov 
peGier, éBoa dé odhohvyi TE Xpopevn kal Tots 
émLTNOELOLS dmacw éyxehevopevn, @s avTov Tay 

24 éml Gavaro ot Sfjpuoe aryovev. dmepBialopévov 
pévTor TOU optrou, auTn TE oux &xoboa pele 
Tov dvdpa Kal adrov o News ovTL Exova tov és THY 
Kwvortaytivov ayopav hxovta és tHv Bactrelav 


2 


—_ 


l é@ abtots PV: ral és abrov G. 
226 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xxiv. 18-24 


the insurrection continued no less violently under 
them. .Now on the fifth day of the insurrection in 
the late afternoon the Emperor Justinian gave 
orders to Hypatius and Pompeius, nephews of the 
late emperor, Anastasius, to go home as quickly as 
possible, either because he suspected that some plot 
was being matured by them against his own person, 
or, it may be, because destiny brought them to this. 
But they feared that the people would force them to 
the throne (as in fact fell out), and they said that 
they would be doing wrong if they should abandon 
their sovereign when he found himself in such 
danger. When the Emperor Justinian heard this, 
he inclined still more to his suspicion, and he bade 
them quit the palace instantly. Thus, then,-these 
two men betook themselves to their homes, and, 
as long as it was night, they remained there 
quietly. 

But on the following day at sunrise it became 
known to the people that both men had quit the 
palace. where they had been staying. So the whole 
population ran to them, and they declared Hypatius 
emperor and prepared to lead him to the market- 
place to assume the power. But the wife of Hypatius, 
Mary, a discreet woman, who had the greatest re- 
putation for prudence, laid hold of her husband 
and would not let go, but cried out with loud 
lamentation and with entreaties to all her kinsmen 
that the people were leading him on the road to death. 
But since the throng overpowered her, she unwil- 
lingly released her husband, and he by no will of 
his own came to the Forum of Constantine, where 
they summoned him to the throne ; then since they 


227 
Q 2 


25 


27 


28 


30 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


éxdovr, eal (od yap hv adtois ove Suddnua ovTE 
TL aXXo @v 6)) Baciréa TreptBarreo Oar vopos) 
OTpeT TOV TWa Xpucody éml TH Keparh Bépevor 
Baciréa ‘Papatov aveirov. dn dé Kal Trev ex 
Bovis EvviovTev, 6 boot OvK arronepOevres | éTvry- 
Xavov év TH Bacthéws avrAy, ToANal pev édéyovTo . 
ywopat @$ avTois iréov dyorovpévors és maXd- 
tuov ’Opuyévns be, avnp ex Bovnjs, mapedOav 
énefe Toudoe «Ta pev TapovTa nui, @ avopes ‘Po- 
paiot, Tparypara 1) ov) TOM MD Svax piljua ovx 
olov Te. Todepos | be Kal Bactreia? ta péyeota 
Tav év avOpwrois andyT@y apwohoyntat elvat. 
tov 6€ 6) mpdkewv ai peyddas ov Bpaxurnre 
xatpod Katopbovcba Gérovow, arr ebBovhig 
TE oye wav Kal TOVvoLS GwpaTar, arep dv0 poo- 
Tou és xpovov pipeos evdeixvuvtar, a pay ovv 
éml Tov Tone pov * loupev, éml Evpod pev aks 
Ta Tpdypata Hpiv ornoetat, wep) dé TOV Odov 
év Bpayet Staxwdvuvevoopev ove, TOV dé amo- 
ByoecOa peddovTov &vexa Ty TUXMY i) 7 pooK- 
vncopev i) peprpopeda TaVTOS. Ta yap Tov 
Tparywarov (ofiTara és TO TiS TUXNS @S TA 
TOXha TepluaTarat Kpatos. ip be TXoAaiTEpoV 
Ta mapovTa Siorxnow@peba, ovoe Bovdopevors 
Tapéotae Hpiv ‘Tovotuysavor € €v | Tahatio Aa Beir, 
ann’ ayannoet OS TaXLoTa qv TLS avToV éon 
puyeiv. apx yap TEpLopeopevn Kkatappelv elmer, 
aTrohnyovans avri) THS iaxvos €s uépav ExdoTny. 
éott Toivuy hpiv Bacirea érepa, UdaxcddLavai 
te Kal ta ‘Edévns érdvupa, b0ev yp Baoiréa 
1 wédeuos P: médrenov VG. 2 Bactrtela P: BaciAclay VG. 
5 3 rorguov GP : médeuor V. 


228 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xxiv. 24-30 


had neither diadem nor anything else with which 
it is customary for a king to be clothed, they placed 
a golden necklace upon his head and proclaimed him 
Emperor of the Romans. By this time the members 
of the senate were assembling,—as many of them as 
had not been left in the emperor’s residence,—and 
many expressed the-opinion that they should go to 
the palace to fight. But Origenes, a man of the 
senate, came forward and spoke as follows: “ Fellow 
_ Romans, it is impossible that the situation which is | 
upon us be solved in any way except by war. Now 
war and royal power are agreed to be the greatest of 
all things in the world. But when action involves great 
issues, it refuses to be brought to a successful issue by 
the brief crisis of a moment, but this is accomplished 
only by wisdom of thought and energy of action, which 
men display for a length of time. Therefore if we 
should go out against the enemy, our cause will hang 
in the balance, and we shall be taking a risk which 
will decide everything in a brief space of time ; and, 
as regards the consequences of such action, we shall 
either fall down and worship Fortune or reproach her 
altogether. For those things whose issue is most 
quickly decided, fall, as a rule, under the sway of 
fortune. But if we handle the present. situation 
more deliberately, not even if we wish shall we be 
able to take Justinian in the palace, but he will very 
speedily be thankful if he is allowed to flee; for 
authority which is ignored always loses its power, 
since its strength ebbs away with each day. More- | 
over we have other palaces, both Placillianae and the 
palace named from Helen, which this emperor should 


229 


31 


32 


33 


34 


35 


36 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


TOvOE OpU@pEevov TOV. Te TOAEpOV SieveyKeiy Kal 
Ta adnra Siorxnoacbat H apewwov ee.” “Opuyévns 
pev Tocadta elev. ot dé 87 Addot, OTrEp Hired 
of : a 2e7 , , s \ 
dutros trovetv, o&UTepov Te avTeXapBavovTo Kal 
TO Tapautixa @ovto Evudhopov eivat, Kal ovx 
hxiota ye Trarios (xphv yap-oi yevécOar Kaxas) 
THs él tov immodpopov od0d éxédevev ayeloPar. 

\ / >? / > \ 2 a 
twes b€ dacw é€erritndes adtov evtaiOa Hew, 
Bacinre evvoiKas éyovTa. 

Oi b& adi tov Baotréa év Boudhq hoa, ’ ™0- 
TEpa pevovaw avrois ) Talis vavoly és puyny 
TPETOMEVOLS ApELtVOV ETAL. Kal NOryoL peV TrOAXOL 

> c / / , 
éréyovto és éxdtepa épovtes. Kal Oeodmpa 
5é 9 Baoiwdls ereFe tordde “TO pev yuvaixa ev 
avopdot pn xXphvat ToApav } év Tois atroKvOdat 
veavieverOar, TOY TapovTa oluaL KaLlpoy HKLoTa 
> al Qn ” 4 +” 
épeivas SiacxoreicOar cite TavTn cite GAH TH 
vopuctéov. ols yap Ta mpaywata és Kivduvov 
TOV péytoTov HKet, ovK adXO OvdeY eivat SoKEt 
apistov 7) Ta év Toclv ws apiota Gécbar. Hyov- 


par Sé tiv huynv éywye, eltep more, kal vov, 


WW Kal THv cwTnplay émayntat, a€vppopov elvat. 
avOpor@ pev yap és das HeovTt TO ya ody) Kal 
vexp@ yevécOar adtvatov, T@ 5& BeBacirevKdtt 
TO huydor eivat ovk avexToV. jun yap av yevotmnv 
THS GNoupyidos TavTns yopis, und av Thy Huépav 
éxelvay Bidny, ev 4 pe Séocrroway oi évtuxdvTes 
ov Tpocepodaw. el pev ovv cabecBai got Bov- 
Nopéve éotiv, @ Bacired, ovdév ToOdTO Tpaypa. 


230 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xxiv. 30-36 


make his headquarters and from there he should 
carry on the war and attend to the ordering of all 
other matters in the best possible way.” So spoke 
Origenes. But the rest, as a crowd is accustomed to 
do, insisted more excitedly and thought that the 
present moment was opportune, and not least of all 
Hypatius (for it was fated that evil should befall him) 
bade them lead the way to the hippedrome. But 
some say that he came there purposely, being well- 
disposed toward the emperor. 

Now the emperor and his court were deliberating 
as to whether it would be better for them if they 
remained or if they took to flight in the ships. And 
many opinions were expressed favouring either 
course. And the Empress Theodora also spoke to 
the following effect: “ As to the belief that a woman 
ought not to be daring amorig men or to assert 
herself boldly among those who are, holding back 
from fear, I consider that the present crisis most 
certainly does not permit us to discuss whether the 
matter should be regarded in this or in some other 
way. For in the case of those whose interests have 
come into the greatest danger nothing else seems 
best except to settle the dssue immediately before 
them in the best possible way. My opinion then is 
that the present time, above all others, is inopportune 
for flight, even though it bring safety. For while 
it is impossible for a man who has seen the light 
not also to die, for one who has been an emperor 
it is unendurable to be a fugitive. May I never 
be separated from this purple, and may I not live 
that day on which those who meet me shall not 
address me as mistress. If, now, it is your wish to 
save yourself, O Emperor, there is no difficulty. For 


231 


37 


38 


39 


40 


4] 


42 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Npnmata <yap>!tTe woANa got Hpiv, Kal Oa- 
Aacca ev éxeivn, TAOIa be TaDTA. TKOTEL MEVTOL 
a) Sracwbévre EvpBynoetal cor Hovora ay THS 
cornpias TOV Odvarov dvtarhatacban. eye yap 
TIS ral TanaLos apéaner Aoyos, @S KaXOV évTa- 
diov %) Bactreia éoti.” tocadta ths Baciridos 
eimovons, Odpaos te Tois maaw? éreyéveto Kal 
és adKhv Tpatromevor év BovdrH érrorodvto H av 
apvvecOar Svvatol yévowTo, hv Tis én avTovs 
Tohenna ov tot. 0% pev ouv OT PATLOTAL Eup- 
TAVvTes, ot Te aXXoL Kal boot api Tay Bacirdéas 
a rayy eTeTaXaTO, ouTe TO Bactret evvoixas eixov 
ouTe és TO eupaves épryou éxerOar nOEXov, AANA 
TO péddov éxapasdoxovy om éxBnoerar. Tacav 
dé tiv édmida ev Bedicapio te cal Motvd@ o 
Baocrevs eiyev, av “repos pév, Beduodpios, dpte 
éx TOD Mndiw0d éerravnKwv Toréuou THY Te AXANV 
Oeparreiay Suvatnv te Kal NOyou akiav émnyero 
kal dopupdpwr te eiye kal tbracmicTav TAOS 
éy Te ayaou Kal trois tod Todéuou Kwodvvoss 
Tas pedeTas meTroln WEVOV. Modv6os 6é, *IAAv- 
pray oT pAaTHyos amo dederyLevos, TUX Tut Euve- 
KUpNTE BapBapous *EpovXous eTraryaryopevos Kata 
TWA Xpetav és BuSdyrvov peTaremmros 4 KEL. 
‘Yadtuos peév ody erred) els Tov immddpopov 
adbixeto, avaBaiver wev adtixa ot 8) Bacihéa 
Kabiatacbar vouos, KaOntar dé és Tov BacideLov 
Opovov, d0ev ael Bacireds eioOer Tov te immxov 


43 Kal yupUKoD OedcOar aydva. éx bé Tadatiov 


Modvdos pev dua TANS eEHEL, évOa bn 0 0 Kkoxdlas 
amo ths Ka0ddov KuKdoTEpods ovaNnsS OvopacTat. 

1 <ydp> Haury: om, MSS. 2 racw GP: mapodow V, 
232 . 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xxiv. 37-43 


we have much money, and there is the sea, here the 
boats. However consider whether it will not come 
about after you have been saved that you would gladly 
exchange that safety for death. For as for myself, I 
approve a certain ancient saying that royalty is a good 
burial-shroud.”’ When the queen had spoken’ thus, 
all. were filled with, boldness; and, turning their 
thoughts towards resistance, they began to consider 
how they might be able to defend themselves if any 
hostile force should come against them. Now the 
soldiers as a body, including those who were 
stationed about the emperor’s court, were neither 
well disposed to the emperor nor willing openly 
take an active part in fighting, but were waiting for 
what the future would bring forth. All the hopes of 
the emperor were centred upon Belisarius and 
Mundus, of whom the former, Belisarius, had 
recently returned from the Persian war bringing 
with him a following which was both powerful and 
imposing, and in particular he had a great number of 
spearmen and guards who had received their training 
in battles and the perils of warfare. Mundus had 
been appointed general of the Illyrians, and by mere 
chance had happened to come under summons to 
Byzantium on some necessary errand, bringing with 
him Erulian barbarians. 

When Hypatius reached the hippodrome, he went 
up immediately to where the emperor is accustomed 
to take his place and seated himself on the royal 
throne from which the emperor was always accus- 
tomed to view the equestrian and athletic contests. 
And from the palace Mundus went out through the 
gate which, from the circling descent, has been given 


233 


=| 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


44 Bediodpuos 5 Ta pev pata ev0d avTod Te 
bi b , \ / rn , Lee 4 
matiov Kal Opovov tod Bacidelov avéBaver, 
e A 9 \ , ” 9 e ‘ 
as 5é és TO TWANGIOV olKnwa HAOEV ov by CTPATLO- 
TaV ppovpa €K Tanraiod éoTiv, éBo0a Tois oTpa- 
TLOTALs eyKENEVopEvos avoryvivar oi THY Ovpay 
45 @s TaxLoTA Orrws éml Tov TUpavvon lor. Sedoypé- 
vov 6€ Tois otpaTi@ras pundetép@ apivery ews 
avTav ATEPOS AAUTPHs ViKON, OS HKiota éerralew 
46 Soxobvtes SuvexpovcavtTo. avactpéwas ov Bed- 
cdpios ws Bacihéa, duehOdpbat ioyupifeto adior 
47 Ta Tpadypata. vewrepifery yap és avdtov Tovs 
oTpaTi@tas of THY Tadatiov ppovpay éyovow. 
Ss Ld ay 2% \ 2% \ , 
exéXevev ody avTov Bacireds él THY KaXOUpLEVHY 
48 Xadkhv cal ta évtad0a rpotidaa iévat. 06 dé 
57) “ods Kal odTEe KivdiveY OTE TOVeY peyadov 
xopis 8: épevtiwy te Kal xwpiov jpuiprexTov 
\ > Wet \ 2 / > \ \ 
49 dveEL@v és TO irm@iKoY avaBaiver. Kal érerdn Tapa - 
\ 4 b] / / a 
tv Bevérevov éyeyaver rod, ) TOD Baciréws 
Opovov év Se&d é éoTw, éBovreuce pev éml Tp@Tov 
'  abrov “Tardrvov iévat, Bpaxetas dé ovons | évrada 
muALoos %) amexéxXeloTO Te Kal OTO ToY évTOS 
‘Trrartov TTPATLOT OY épuraacero, KaT@ppodnae 
a) ot év orev TOVOULEVD 6 Ojos EvvemiOéwevos 
aurov Te Kal TOUS _Emropevous dmavras dap Betpay- 
Tes pdov te Kal dmroverepov él Baciréa opy- 
50 wot, Aoyis dpevos ov @S of émt Tov ov 
itéov éariv, ot év 7@ immoopope éorijKecar, 
mAjOee Te apeTpor Kal pera Todas axoo pias on 
ad\Anrwv abovpevor, amo Tov Koheov To Eipos 
apapevos tois Te GAXoWs KaTa TavTa Toe 


234 


_ HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xxiv. 44-50 


the name of the Snail. Belisarius meanwhile began 
- at first to go straight up toward Hypatius himself 
and the royal throne, and when he came to the 
adjoining structure where there has been a guard of 
soldiers from of old, he cried out to the soldiers 
commanding them to open the door for him as 
quickly as possible, in order that he might go against 
the tyrant. But since the soldiers had decided. to 
support neither side, until one of them should be 
manifestly victorious, they pretended not to hear at 
all and thus put him off. So Belisarius returned to 
the emperor and declared that the day was lost for 
them, for the soldiers who guarded the palace were 
rebelling against him. The emperor therefore com- 
manded him to go to the so-called Bronze Gate and 
the propylaea there. So Belisarius, with difficulty and 
not without danger and, great exertion, made his * 
way over ground covered by ruins and half-burned 
buildings, and ascended to the stadium. . And 
when he had reached the Blue Colonnade which 
is on the. right of the emperor’s. throne, he 
purposed to go. against .Hypatius himself first ; 
but. since there was a small door there which 
had been closed and. was guarded by the soldiers 
of Hypatius who were inside, he feared lest while 
he was struggling in the narrow space the populace 
should fall upon him, and after destroying both 
himself and all his followers, should proceed with 
less trouble and difficulty against the emperor. 
Concluding, therefore, that he must go against the 
populace who had taken their stand in the hippo- 
drome—a vast’ multitude crowding each other in 
great disorder—he drew his sword from its sheath 
and, commanding the others to do likewise, with a 


235 


51 


52 


53 


54 


55 


56 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


> / , \ in S > 2 > Lag 
érraryyetras, Spoum te Kal kpavyh éw’ avTovs Het. 
¢ \ a iA \ > ¢ 4 \ > > 4 
6 5é Sipos, are 8) ev omit Kai ovK« ev rakes. 
iordpevolt, ered?) otpati@tas eldov teOwpaxic- 
/ \ , \ 7 py > / 
pévous te Kat dofav wordrnv emi Te avdpia 
Kal qTodéuwv éurrerpia éxovtas, Kal  Tols 
/ > a fal / > \ 
Eiheow ovdemiad gedot tatovtas, és uynv 
@punvTo.  Kpavyhns O€ moANhs, @s TO EiKdS, 
yeyernuévns, mwAnctiov tov éotnkas Modyvédos 
\ & 4 ” 3 , 
Kab Bovdouevos épyou exer Oa (hv yap Tes TOA- 
ENTS Kab Spaariptos), d dm opovpevos: 5é 7 xpioerat 
Tots mapodo, émreLo2) eTrex pnjpato @S Be\odpios 
év TO TOV@ ein, evOUs emt TO ’mmodpomLov Sua THS 
eladSou 4) Nexpa KaNELT AL elo Barnet, TOTE 51) 
éxatépwOev o “Tratiov gtaci@tar Kara KpaTos 
TANTS omEvor Step Oetpovto. eel dé 1 Tporn 
Aapmpa éryeyover Kal povos Hv mn Tod Snmou 
ToAvs, Bopaiéns TE Kal "loderos, ‘lovariveavod 
Bactrtéws avertoi, yeipas avrois ovdevos avrat- 
pewv TONMOVTOS, KaQethov Te amo Tou Opdvov 
‘Tratiuv Kat avtov écayaryovtes Bacrrei apa 
Tloprni mapédw@xav. OvnoKovot Te Tod Snmou 
méov 1) Tpro pupvot év TavTn TH npépa. Baotreds 
dé avrovs év puhany yaheth éxédevey elvat. - 
évtav0a Ilopmnjios péev eOdxpvé te Kal aka édéov 
epOéyyeto: Hv yap 87) 0 avnp Tpayudtev Te Kal 
KAK@V TOLOUT@Y HKioTa EuTrerpos: “Tadtuos be 
> \ \ , , > 4 a \ > 
auTov TOAAA overdicas ovK Edn Xeyvar Tous ovK 
é StiKn dTrohovpEvous odvpecOar. apyny Te yap 
vmod TOD Srjyou dxovras BracPfvar, Kat ovK éml 
KaKk®@® Tod Bacidéws Botepov és TO immodpomcov 
apixécOar. xreivavtes 8€ of oTpaTiaTat TH 


236 


. 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xxiv. 50-56 


shout he advanced upon them at a run. But the 
populace, who were standing in a mass and not in 
order, at the sight’ of armoured soldiers who had a 
great reputation for bravery and experience in war, 
and seeing that they struck out with their swords 
unsparingly, beat a hasty retreat. Then a great out- 
cry arose, as was natural, and Mundus, who was 
standing not far away, was eager to join in the fight, 
—for he was a daring and energetic fellow—but he 
was at a loss as to what he should do under the 
circumstances; when, however, he observed that 
Belisarius was in the struggle, he straightway made a 
sally into the hippodrome through the entrance 
which they call the Gate of Death. Then indeed 
from both sides the partisans of Hypatius were 
assailed with might and main and destroyed. When 
the rout had become complete and there had already 
been great slaughter of the populace, Boraedes and 
Justus, nephews of the Emperor Justinian, without 
anyone daring to lift a hand against them, dragged 
Hypatius down from the throne, and, leading him in, 
handed him over together with Pompeius to the 
emperor. And there perished among the populace on 
that day more than thirty thousand. But the 
emperor commanded the two prisoners to be kept in 
severe confinement. Then, while Pompeius was 
weeping and uttering pitiable words (for the man 
was wholly inexperienced in such misfortunes), 
Hypatius reproached him at length and said that 
those who were about to die unjustly should not 
lament. For in the beginning they had been forced 
by the people against their will, and afterwards they 
had come to the hippodrome with no thought of 
harming the emperor. And the soldiers killed both 


237 


57 


58 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


vaTepaig éxdrepov, és Oddacoay cabijcav ra 
TOMATAs Baotreds 56. abrav Te Ta xpnpara és. 70 
Onpoovov avarypanra emoimaato Kal ad\X\ov TOV 
€x Bovdijs andytov ot 81 TH yveopmy Eby avrois 
éevto. ereita pevroe TOLS TE droits Grace Kal 
Tots ‘Trariov Kal Toprniou mavol Ta TE akte- 
pata ols Tporepov EXPOVTO amrédone kal TOV 
XenwaTov boos TOV emir ndetov TiwWas ovK éruxe 
@pnadpevos. és TOde perv Bysavnges' 1 oTaoLs 
éreNevTa. 


XXV 


TprBouravos be kal ‘Lodyyns Ths TYMAS obT@ 
Taparvbevres ove orepov és apxas Tas auras 
KaTéatno ay dupe. anna TpeBouvvavos pay ern 
TOMA émuBuovs TH TLL érehevTqoe v0o ®, ado 
ovdev & axape T pos oddevds mabav. Av yap aipddos 
Té Kal TaNNa. nous Kal Ths pidoxpnparias TO 
voonpa émirKidcal ‘KaVoTATOS Tis maoelas 
Tepsovaia. ‘lodvyns bé (mao yap avO porrots 
Bapts Te omot@s Kal Narerros HV; mrnyas Te TOUS 
mpoonimrovow évrewvopevos Kal Ta Xpipata 
anafdravra hoy ovdevt Anubspevos) déxaTov € eTOs 
Ty apxiy ey@v THY Steny opOas Kai Sixatos THS 
és THY Siarray Tmapavopias é&étice TpoT@ Toupee, 

Geodapa 2 Bacidis ixXGeTo avdT@ TavT@v 
padoTa, Kal. 0s Th. yuvarnt T pO KEKPOUK@S ols 

Hpaprave, Owrreia pev avuTHV 7) pert petenPeiy 
Os Hota eyvo, és émtBouray x avTh €K ‘Tov 
éudhavods kabiatapevos és Tov Bacidéa bvéBar- 


238 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xxiv. 56-xxv. 4 


of them on the following day and threw their bodies 
into the sea. The emperor confiscated all their 
property for the public treasury, and also that of all 
the other members of the senate who had sided with 
them. Later, however, he restored to the children 
of Hypatius and Pompeius and to all others the titles 
which they had formerly held, and as much of their 
property as he had not happened to bestow upon his 
friends. This was the end of the insurrection in 
Byzantium. 


XXV 


TrisuniaNnus and John were thus deprived of office, 
but at a later time they were both restored to the 
same positions. And Tribunianus lived on in office 
many years and died of disease, suffering no further 
harm from anyone. For he was a smooth fellow and 
agreeable in every way and well able by the excel- 
lence of his education to throw into the shade his 
affliction of avarice. But John was oppressive and 
severe alike with all men, inflicting blows upon those 
whom he met and plundering without respect 
absolutely all their money; consequently in the 
tenth year of his office he rightly and justly atoned 
for his lawless conduct in the following manner. 

The Empress Theodora hated him above. all 
others. And while he gave offence to the woman 
by the wrongs he committed, he was not of a mind to 
win her by flattery or by kindness in any way, but he 
openly set himself in opposition to her and kept 
slandering her to the emperor, neither blushing 


239 


10 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Ae, ovre Thy TUXNY EpvOpiar ove Ti oTOpynv 
alaXuvopevos qvrep €s avtiy o Bacthreds eiyev 
éFarotay olav. aia Bopévn dé 9) Bacirls TOV 
TroLoupévay KTELVaL pev Stevoeiro Tov avOpwror, 
pnxavh Se ovdemd eixev, ézrel oyor avrod 
*Tovotiviavos Bacireds émrovetro mony. qvods 
d€ "lwavyns tHv Tis Bacididos és adtov yvounv 
év Seiuace peydrow éyiveto. éreiddv Te @s 
Kabevinowr és tov Kortova tor, Tov Tiva Bap- 
Badpov éricticecOai oi ws arrohodyTa bmwmTeveEY 
és vuxta éxadotny, UTepKiTT@V TE Gael EK TOU 
S@pariou Kal Tas eladdous TEeploKOTT@V aiTvos 
cpeve, Katrep éraupradpevos Sopud oper Te Kal 
bTacTLoT Ov Xurudbas TONGS, ov ryeyoves bmdp- 
xXov Tet mporepov TOOTO Ye. GNX’ émrtNenn- 
opévos apa npEpe Geiwy te Kai avOpwrretov 
Serpatov aT avTov, dheO pos avOis Kowh Te Kal 
isig Tae ‘Popaiors éyivero. Kab pappanedor 
pev Ta TONG epider, pavretats 6é aceBéow és 
ael XpP@pevos THY avTOKpaTopa avT@ TEeparevo- 
pévas “ApXnv; depoBat av TE Katapavns nv Kab 
peTéwpos apbeis tals Ths Bacvrelas éMrict. THS 
pévToL mounpias aur Kal THIS és THY Siavrav 
Tapavouias ovdev ovTE cada ovTe bmrédnye. Kat 
TUS auto Geod oyos TO mapaTray ovK Hv, ara 
Kal eb Tou eis iepov aos evEopevos Te kat ova- 
VUKTEPEVT @V évrabba tov, ovdev opoias Tots 
Xprotiavev nOeow emparrev, ara tprBe@viov 
évdidvaKopevos ‘epet TpéeTov THS manavds d0&ns 
ny viv “EXdnuxny Karey vevopixact, NOyous 
ovx Oolovs Tivas oUVaOTrEP euemedeTHKEL ATETTO- 
patiley ava racayv tiv victa éxelvny, Oras ob 
240 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xxv. 4-10 


before her high station nor feeling shame because of 
the extraordinary love which the emperor felt for 
her. When the queen perceived what was being 
done, she purposed to slay the man, but in no way 
could she do this, since the Emperor Justinian set 
great store by him.f And when John learned of the 
purpose of the queen regarding him, he was greatly 
terrified. And whenever he went into his chamber 
to sleep, he expected every night that some one of 
the barbarians would fall upon him to slay him; and 
he kept peeping out of the room and looking about 
the entrances and remained sleepless, although he 
had attached to himself many thousands of spearmen 
and guards, a thing which had been granted to no 
prefect before that time. But at daybreak, for- 
getting all his fears of things divine and human, he 
would become again a plague to all the Romans both 
in public and in private. And he conversed commonly 
with sorcerers, and constantly listened to profane 
oracles which portended for him the imperial office, 
so that he was plainly walking on air and lifted 
up by his hopes of the royal power. But in his 
rascality and the lawlessness of his conduct there 
was no moderation or abatement. And there was 
in him absolutely no regard for God, and even when 
he went to a sanctuary to pray and to pass the night, 
he did not do at all as the Christians are wont to do, 
_ but he clothed himself in a coarse garment appro- 
priate to a priest of the old faith which they are now 
aceustomed to call Hellenic, and throughout that 
whole night mumbled out some unholy words 
which he had practised, praying that the mind of 

: 241 

VOL, I. R 


ll 


12 


13 


14 


15 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


q Te Bacthéws diavova &tt padrov brroxerpla ein 
Kal avTos Kaxov yevorto aTabyns mpos mavrev 
avOporrav. 

"Ev rovt@ dé Behuodptos *Iradiav KaTaOT pe- 
abpdpevos Baovret és BuGdvrvov Evy "Avtovivy TH 
yuvacel HET aTreTTOS mer, ep @ én Ilépaas 
oTpaTevacle. Kab Tots pev ddous aracw & EVTLBOS 
Té Kab Noyou Todov aks, @s TO EeiKds, Hv, 
poovos &é ‘Loans avT@ XareT Hs eixe wal TOAAH 
émtBouhh és avrov etXeTO, Kat ado pev oder, 
bre 5€ avTos pev TO €K mT avT@V éxyOos éf” éauTov 
eiNKe, Beduoapwos dé wavTev evOoK pay pamora, 
érvyev én’ auto TE ryevouevns TiS ‘Popatov 
éXmrLO0s abbrs émrl Tlépoas eo T parece, TH 
yuvaira év Bulavrip aT oNT OV. ’"Avteviva oé 
v) BeAtoaptou yun (nv yap ixavaTtatn avOpotray 
aravTav pnxavacbar Ta apnxava) xapretabat 
TH Baornib. Bovrevoapéern érrevoes Toudde, Rd 
TO “lwdvvyn Ouydrnp | Etvdnpia, dofav péev én 
coppootvy Trohyy éyovoa, ved dé Komedy, Kal 
am avtTov Alay eUdoTOos, iy &1) 0 0 marnp vmrepn- 
yara, érretdn Kat poovns avTis éyeryover TATHP. 
TavTHY » “Avtoviva TWaccevovra és apuépas 
ouxvas Tporroimaag bat Te are pirny évden- 
exeoTaTa laxvoe Kal TOV AUTH aTroppyTov Hera 
dud0vat ovK annétou. Kal TOTE auras ob povns év 
TP Sopartio mapovens advpecba Tuas Tas ma 
povoas emda aero, bre 87) Beduo dpros evputépay 
Tons 4pevos THY Popaiwy apyny tmrELoVL METP@ 1) 
™ poTepov ovca eruyxave, Bacwnreis te dopvara- 
tous 500 Kal TovTOU ‘ToTODTOY TL ypHua és Bu- 


242 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xxv. 10-15 


the emperor might be still more under his control, 
and that he himself might be free from harm at the 
hands of all men. 

At this time Belisarius, after subjugating Italy, 
came to Byzantium at the summons of the emperor 
with his wife Antonina, in order to march against 
the Persians.! And while in the eyes of all others 
he was an honoured and distinguished person, as 
was natural, John alone was hostile to him and 
worked actively against him, for no other reason 
than that he drew the hatred of all to himself, while 
Belisarius enjoyed an unequalled popularity, And 
it was on him that the hope of the Romans centred as 
he marched once more against the Persians, leaving 
his wife in Byzantium. Now Antonina, the wife of © 
Belisarius, (for she was the most capable person in 
the world to contrive the- impossible,) purposing to 
do a favour to the empress, devised the following 
plan. ; John had a daughter, Euphemia, who had 
a great reputation for discretion, but a very young 
woman and for this reason very susceptible ; this 
girl was exceedingly loved by her father, for she was 
his only child. | By treating this young woman kindly 
for several days Antonina succeeded most completely 
in winning her friendship, and she did not refuse to 
share her secrets. with her, And on one. occasion 
when she was present alone with her in her room 
she pretended to lament the fate which was upon 
her, saying that although Belisarius had made the 
Roman empire broader by a goodly. measure than 
it had been before, and though he had brought two 
captive kings and so great an amount of wealth 


1 Book VI. xxx. 30. 


243 
R 2 


16 


17 


18 


19 


20 


21 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA | 


favtiov ayayov, ayapiotov ‘lovatuavod érvxe 
Td Te GAXa ws ov SiKalay odcay THY TOMTELaDY 
diéBarre. trepryapys S& TH Oyo yevopévn 
Evdnuia (dee yap TO ex THs Bacidibdos Kal avTn 
TH Tapovon apxy yOeTo) “Kal rodde pévto., @ 
firrarn, ey, “ dpeis aitiot, dtu &) tapov bpiv 
Th Suva per ov Bobhreobe xphoGar.” broraBoboa be 
7) “‘Avroviva “Od yap olot Té eo per, @ Diryarep,” 
el Trev, “ev oTpaTomédy vewTépors eyxerpety m pay- 
paw, iy fn) TOD epyou Evver AaBovrar 7 piv TOV 
evdov TLves* aX’ elTEp 0 GOs TAaTHP 70ene, pgora 
av és tHvde THY mpagww Kabvardpevot 6 doa nv 7O 
be@ Bovropevep émpdacoper. axovoaca tabra 
Edpnpia mpoOvpas pev UméaXeTo émitehh éoe- 
Ban, anadhayeioa é evOévoe TO Tparypa éml Tov 
matépa evOvds iveyce, Kal Os TO doy, Gels 
(ravtTnv yap of odov & Te Ta paureta Kal THY 
Bacihelay uretoTate pépew Thy mpakw) evOds 
MeAANHOEL ovdewed @pohoynce, T doce TE THY 
maida exéhevev Om@S TH vaTepaig és Aoyous. TH 
*Avtovivyn avtos EvppiEn Kai Ta Torte doin. 
paboica dé ’Avtwviva tHv “lwdvvov yvopunv kal 
@s at@Tatw Tov avOpwrov Tis Tod adnOods 
arayaryeiv evvoias eOédovoa, vov pev épn ot Evy- 
yevéo Bau avrov a€bupopov elvat, fq) TLS drowpia 
petaty ETL YEVOMED Svak@ddoat Ta Tparcopera 
ixavy ein? pédrew O€ avtixa Or) wdra és Ty Ew 
Tapa Beduodpiov oTéhrea Baw. émeday ouy. €k 
Bufayriou aTrarrayeioa €v TO TpoacTei@ yevntar 
(6 dn ‘Poudurraval bev ovopaterar, Beduaapiou 6é 
iduov étuyxavev Ov), éevtadOa tov “lwdvynv ws 


244 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xxv. 15-21 


to Byzantium, he found Justinian ungrateful ; and 
in other respects she slandered the government as 
not just. Now Euphemia was overjoyed by these 
words, for she too was hostile to the present 
administration by reason of her fear of the empress, 
and she said: “ And yet, dearest friend, it is you 
and Belisarius who are to blame for this, seeing that, 
though you have opportunity, you are not willing to 
use your power.”” And Antonina replied quickly : “ It 
is because we are not able, my daughter, to under- 
take revolutions in camp, unless some of those here 
at home join with us in the task. Now if your father 
were willing, we should most easily organize this 
project and accomplish whatever God wills.” When 
Euphemia heard this, she promised eagerly that the 
suggestion would be carried out, and departing from 
there she immediately brought the matter before her 
father.. And he was pleased by the message (for he 
inferred that this undertaking offered him a way 
to the fulfilment of his prophecies and to the royal 
power), and straightway without any hesitation he 
assented, and bade his child arrange that on the 
following day he himself should come to confer 
with Antonina and give pledges. When Antonina 
learned the mind of John, she wished to lead him 
as far as possible astray from the understanding of 
the truth, so she said that for the present it was 
inadvisable that he should meet her, for fear lest 
some suspicion should arise strong enough to prevent 
proceedings ; but she was intending straightway to 
depart for thie East to join Belisarius. When, there- 
fore, she had quit Byzantium and had reached the 
suburb (the one called Rufinianae which was the 
private possession of Belisarius), there John should 


245 


26 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


domagopevov Te Kal mporréurrovra. 1} iixew, Kal Tods 
TE oyous Tept Tov drewv romoaa Gat Kal va 
mioTa NaBeiv Te Kat Sobdvar. Taira elmoboa ed 
te TO “lwavvn eitreiv eb0fe Kal nue pa TAKTN érl 
TH mpdater Sidbpioro. TE Bacidts Tov TavTa 
Noyov mapa tis Avtavivns akovoaca émnver pev 
Ta BeBovrevpeva, eryeehevopevy dé none ere 
padXov és THY TpoPupiay € eviyyev. 

"Exrecdy} Te  KUpia maphy, damracapevn pev o 
‘Avroviva THv Bacirioa éx THS TONEwS ann\Raa- 
oETO, &V Te Pah whe oan eyévero, @S TH batepalg 
TiS él Tv &@ 0000 ap&opevn, ov 67) Kal ‘Toavuys 
Ta EvyKeipeva émitedeowv és vUKTa irbev. 9 8é 
Baoinrts SiaBadrovea T pos TOV aUTHS dvSpa Ta 
mpos Tod ‘T@dvvov él TH Tupavvide Tpacc oueva., 
Napowy Te TOV evvodxov - Kal Médpxedov TOV TOV 
év traratio puddKov apxovTa és ‘Poudwavas 
Edy oTpaTuorals TONXOS Emepmrper, eo: @ Sdve- 
pevvnaapevor Ta Tpacadpeva, 70 Tov "Todvony 
Tpdypact vewr épors eyxetpodvta edpijowat, Krel- 
vavTes ev0ds Tov avO pwrov émravyEoug. Kal ot 
pev emi TO epyp TOUT éoréAdovto, acl sé 
Baciréa TOV TOLOUMEVOY aig Aopevov TOV TWA 
‘lodvyy émuTn deta 7 Tap avTov mépnpa, a arepotyTa 
avr pndaph TH ‘Avrevivy évtuxely AAO pa. "To- 
avvns 8é (pay yep. avuT@ yevé Ba KaK@s) THY 


: Bachéws vmoOneny € év ddoyla TETOLNUEVOS,, api 


27 


VUKTA peony Th Avtovivyn Evvéuikev aipacras Tov 
TWOS ayxvora, As 8) ducer kabicaca erbyxave 
Tovs audl Naponp Te Kal Mdpxednror, 6 oT@s TOV 
Aeyopévev aKovbceray. évtav0a “lwavyns 

GPUNaGKT@ oTOpaTL TA és THY ériBerw wporoyel 


246 


. 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xxv. 21-27 


come as if to salute her and to escort her forth on 
the journey, and they should confer regarding 
matters of state and give and receive their pledges. 
In saying this she seemed to John to speak well, 
and a certain day was appointed to carry out the 
plan. And the empress, hearing the whole account 
from Antonina, expressed approval of what she had 
planned, and by her exhortations raised her en- 
thusiasm to a much higher pitch still. 

When the appointed day was at hand, Antonina 
bade the empress farewell and departed from the . 
city, and she went to Rufinianae, as if to begin on the 
following day her journey to the East; hither too 
eame John at night in order to carry out the plan 
which had been agreed upon. Meanwhile the 
empress denounced to her husband the things which 
were being done by John to secure the tyranny, and 
she sent Narses, the eunuch, and Marcellus, the 
commander of the palace guards to Rufinianae with 
numerous soldiers, in order that they might in- 
vestigate what was going on, and, if they found 
John setting about a revolution, that they might kill 
the man forthwith and return. So these departed 
for this task. But, they say that the emperor got 
information of what was being done and sent one of 
John’s friends to him forbidding him on any condition 
to meet Antonina secretly. But John (since it was 
fated that he should fare ill), disregarding the 
emperor's warning, about midnight met Antonina, 
close by a certain wall behind which she had stationed 
Narses and Marcellus with their men that they 
might hear what was said. There, while John with 
‘unguarded tongue was assenting to the plans for the 


247 


28 


29 


30 


31 


32 


33 
34 


35 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Te Kal bpKols SevvoTdtos amicxupiteto, Napofs 
dé ait@ Kal Mdpxernos éx tod aidvidiou éméarn- 
sav. OopiBov 8é, ws TO eikds, yevopuévou of TOD 
"Twdvvov Sopudédpor (dyyiota yap mn éoTHKEcaV) 
Tap avtov avtixa éyévovto. kal aitav Tis Mdp- 
KEANOV, OVK ElOMsS GoTIS TOTE 7, Fides ewdngev, 
ota Te lwdvyns Stapuryetv Evy avtois loxvoey és 
Te THY TOMY KaTa TAaXOS AhikeTO. Kal eb pe 
evOds eXOciv rapa Baciréa eOdponcer, oipar av, 
ovdey émrerrovOer mpos avTov. dxapt: viv Oe KaTa- 
guyav és TO iepov Sédaxe TH Bacidiou wat éEou- 
ciav TH és avtov émuBovran xphaba. 

Tore pev otv €& émdpxyav idv@rns yevopuevos és 
étepov évOévde avactas éxopicOn, STep ev TO 
mpoacteiw Kufixov modews tpvtar,—' Aptdkny 
Kanodot Kutixnvol to mpoaorev. évtad0a 
lepéos ov TL éxovovos mreptBeBrnr ar oXAMA, OVK 
émtoKoToU pévToL, GX’ bvTrEp Kadelv pea BUTE- 
pov vevopixacw. 0 6é é ‘epoupyetv Hvar nOerev, 
as ft TOTE aire éumrddcov ein és Tas apyas avbus 
ceva’ TOV yap dridov pedier Bar ovdaph nOere. 
Ta € Ypynpata és TO Snuoowov avayparta evOds 
yeyovev. ov én ait® poipav Baovreds TONY 
nepter eTL yap TH és avTov perdor elXeTO. évtav0a 
Taphy 7@ "lodvyn AappovTtaTHicavTe Mev KWOUVOV 


aT aVTOV, Xenpara dé meptBe Brn weve peyanra, 
boa TE avr os er uy ave Kpv\ras Kal doa Bactréews 
worn Tap avT@ euewe, Tpupay Te Kat ée€ouvciar 
Kal Ta Tapovra. HryeioBau NoyLa wp cap pove evoai- 
pova civar. 810 6) Kal mavtes “Pwpaior én TO* 


248 


a ——- 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xxv. 27-35 


attack and binding himself with the most dread oaths, 
Narses and Marcellus suddenly set upon him. But 
in the natural confusion which resulted the body- 
guards of John (for they stood close by) came 
immediately to his side. And one of them smote 
Marcellus with his sword, not knowing who he was, 
and thus John was enabled to escape with them, and 
reached the city with all speed. And if he had had 
the courage to go straightway before the emperor, I 
believe that he would have suffered no harm at his 
hand; but as it was, he fled for refuge to the 
sanctuary, and gave the empress opportunity to 
work her will against him at her pleasure. 

Thus, then, from being prefect he became a private 
citizen, and rising from that sanctuary he was con- 
veyed to another, which is situated in the suburb of 
the city of Cyzicus called by the Cyzicenes Artace. 
There he donned the garb of a priest, much against 
his will, not a bishop’s gown however, but that of a 
presbyter, as they are called. But he was quite 
unwilling to perform the office of a priest lest at 
some time it should be a hindrance to his entering 
again into office; for he was by no means ready to 
relinquish his hopes, All his. property was imme- 
diately confiscated to the public treasury, but a 
large proportion of this the emperor remitted to 
him, for he was still inclined to spare him. There 
_it was possible for John to live, disregarding all 
dangers and enjoying great wealth, both that which 
he himself had concealed and that which by the 
decision of the emperor remained with him, and to 
indulge in luxury at his pleasure, and, if he had 
reasoned wisely, to consider his present lot a happy 
one. For this reason all the Romans were exceedingly 


249 


May, 541 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


> , > nm ¥ ic \ in 

avOparw atexvas nyOovtTo, Stu 5) TovnpoTatos 

yeyoves Sarovar! aravtov, Biov tapa tiv akiav 
> / x / 4 3 8. ¢€ / 

36 evdalpovéotEepov % mpoTepov Exot. GAN O Geos, 
Olual, ovK HveyKev és TovTO Ti Ticw “lwavvy 
? , pul L Sse we \ L 
amoKexpic@at, éml péya Te avT@ THY KoddNaCW 
b] / ot ad \ # 
eEnptveto. éyiveto 5é woe. 

37. "Hv tis év Kufixw émiocxoros EvoéBios dvopa, 
xYareros dtract Tos évtuyydvovaw lwavvov ovdév 
TLHacov: ToUTOY Kutixnvol Baciret dSiaBarXovtes 
> / > / > \ \ O\ Ba 

38 és Sixnyv €xddovv. eérrel 5é ovdev Hvuov, Suvdpuer 
avtovs trepteAOovtos EvceBiou modAy, Evydpovn- 
cavres veavias tives ev TH Kufixou ayopa KTEeLVOU- 

> po? ~S / n > 4 

39 ou. étvyyave 5é lwavyns TO EvoeBiw didghopos 

yeyoves wdduota, Kal an avTod 7 THs émuBovANs 

40 umowia és avTov HAV. orédAdAOVTAL TOWUY éK 
Bovrgs avdpes Svepevynodpevor TO. placa TOTO" 
ot 57 Tov “lwdvynv mpata pev év Serpwornpio 
KabeipEav, recta 5é avdpa érapyov pev Svvarov 
ovTM yevouevov, és Tatpixious dé avaypapévTa 
Kal és TOV UTdTwV avaBeBnkoTa Tov Sidpov, od 
petCov civar ovdev & ye TH “Popatwv morrTreta 
doxel, Extnody Te yupvov, ate AnoTHY Twa 
AwToduTnv, Kal Eaivovtes KaTa TOD voTOV- TOA- 

\ > a \ L oP, a 

41 Nas eitrety ta BeBiwpéva jvayKatov. Kal Tov 

\ > / / By, > / > 7 
pev EvoeBiov dovov aitios ‘Iwdvyns ov av 
> , >t L € a a 9/ r 
eFeAnACYKTO, E@KEL WEVTOL 7) TOD Deod Sixn Trowas 

42 avTov THS oixoupevns? éampaTTouévyn. emerta Oe 
Ta XpHpata TavTa adedouevor yupvov és THY 
vabv eiceBiBacay, iwatiov &, Kal TodTo Tpaxd*® 

1 Saipdvwv VP: dvOpdbmwv G. 
2 -oixovpervns VGP corr: oixovoutas P pr. m. 


3 rpaxd P: maxi VG. 
259° 


OLS 


a 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xxv. 35-42 


vexed with the man,‘because, forsooth, after proving 
himself the basest' of all demons, contrary to his 
deserts he was leading a life happier than before. 
But God, I think, did not suffer John’s retribution to 
end thus, but prepared for him a greater punishment. 
And it fell out thus. 

There was in Cyzicus a certain bishop named 
Eusebius, a man harsh to all who came in his way, 
and no less so than John; this man the Cyzicenes 
denounced to the emperor and summoned to justice. 
And since they accomplished nothing inasmuch as 
Eusebius circumvented them ‘by his great power, 
certain youths agreed together and killed him in the 
market-place of Cyzicus. Now it happened that 
John had become especially hostile to Eusebius, and 
hence the suspicion of the plot fell upon him. 
Accordingly men were sent from the senate to 
investigate this act of pollution. And these men 
first confined John in a prison, and then this man 
who had been such a powerful prefect, and had been 
inseribed among the patricians and had mounted the 
seat of the consuls, than which nothing seems 
greater, at least in the Roman state, they made to . 
stand naked like any robber or footpad, and thrash- 
ing him with many blows upon his back, compelled 
him to.tell his past life. And while John had not 
been clearly convicted as guilty of the murder of 
Eusebius, it seemed that God’s justice was exacting 
from him the penalties of the world. Thereafter 
they stripped him of all his goods and put him 
naked on board a ship, being wrapped in a single 
cloak, and that. a very rough one purchased for 


251 


43 


3 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Kopi, dpmexopevov, oBoray avn dev ddyov 
TWOV, Of TE AUTOV maparréurovtes 6 émn av h vads 
oppucbein éxéXevov aptov 7 SBorovs éx TOV 
TpoomimTovT@y aitetobat. oUT@ TE TTMXEVOV 
mavTayoO. Tis Tmopetas TIS Aiyorrrou és Ty 
*Avtivoou Kopiferar. Kal TptTov TodTo eros avrov 
évradba xabeipEavres TNpovTW. O 8é, xaimep év 
ToLlovTols yeyovws mwdabecw, ovde Ty THs Bact- 
Aetas édmriba peO Her, arra Kal ‘AreEavdpéwr 
twas, ate TH Onpooip Xpuatov dgethovtas, Sta- 
Baneiv éyvo. ‘oavyny pev ovv tov Karmadoxny 
déxa éviavtois botepov attn TOV TEeTONTEVLEVOV 
KaTérxaBe Ticats. 


XXVI 


Tore dé Bacideds oTpaTnyov Te THS épas adOus 
Betuoa Lov KATETTHOATO cal és ArBinv méprpas 
TH X@pav Eoxer, Gomep | ev tois dmucOev renré- 
Eerar éoyous. Orep érel & TE Xoo pony wat 
Tépoas 7rOe, dewas Hoxyadrov, Kal adrois THY 
etpnvny és ‘Pwpatous TETOLNLEVOLS | HETEMENED 
Hon, OTL 8 avtois THY Suvapuy éml Heya Xwpetv 
na0ovTo. mépapas te 0 Xoopons és Buavtvov 
 péa Bers, Evy aipew TE ‘Tovotiave 7@ Bactret 
epaaxe, Kal TO pépos rAaBeiv Eby yéAwrTe onbev 
tov éx ArBuns Aadupav n&iov, bt bn ovK av 
TOTE Baydihov TO Toe wep mepiecer bau i loxvoe, 
ei p41) aur@ Tlépoat éomeiaavTo. TOTE sev OdV 
Xooponv Jovetwaves Xpipace Swpnadyuevos, 
Tovs mpéaBeus ovK eis waxpay areTéurpato. 


252 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xxv. 42-xxvi. 4 


fo ¥ 

some few obols;/ and wherever the ship anchored, 
those who had-him in charge commanded him to ask 
from those he met bread or obols. Thus begging 
everywhere along the way he was conveyed to the 
city of Antinous in Aegypt. And this is now the 
third year during which they have been guarding 
him there in confinement. As for John himself, 
although he has fallen into such troubles, he has 
not relinquished his hope of royal power, but he made 
up his mind to denounce certain Alexandrians as 
owing money to the public treasury. Thus then 
John the Cappadocian ten years afterward was 
overtaken by this punishment for his political 
career. 


XXVI 


Ar that time the Emperor again designated 
Belisarius General of the East, and, sending him to 
Lybla, gained over the country, as will be told later 
on in my narrative. When this information came to 
Chosroes and the Persians, they were mightily vexed, 
and they already repented having made peace with 
the Romans, because they perceived that — their 
power was extending greatly. And Chosroes sent 
envoys to Byzantium, and said that he rejoiced with 
the Emperor Justinian, and he asked with a laugh 
to receive his share of the spoils from Libya, on the 
ground that the emperor would never have been 
able to conquer in the war with the Vandals if the 
Persians had not been at peace with him. So then 
Justinian made a present of money to Chosroes, and 
not long afterwards dismissed the envoys. 


253 


10 


1 


— 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Ky dé monet Adpas rovdvde Te Evvé8n valiaiay 
*Lwavyns TUS Hv evtav0a ép KaTadoy@ retary; 
melav' ovTos oux, aTavT@v ot Cuihpen oetate 
OTpaTLOT Oy, aXn’ Onyaov TWO, Tupavvide émrO é- 
pevos THY TONW Eaxer. év Te TanaTio abn pevos 
@omep év aK poTronet, Thy tupavviba éx par bveTo 

npépa éxdory. Kal ei a Tlépoas exer dat elpyyns 

€$ TOUS ‘Pepatous TNVLKAUTA EvveBn," aynKerTa, av 
ev0 évde “Pwpaious éyeyover Kakd.  vov O€ TOdTO 
éx@AUCE p0dcaca, doTEp por éppnOn, 1 Evp- 
Bact.  népa O€ amo. ths Tupavvidos TeTapry 
Evuppovjoavres oT pararat oun Mdyavros 
TE TOU THS Toews lepécos Kal ’Avactaciou TaY 
Soxiuwv TwWds TOMTOV, és TO TAaNaTLOV peonp- 
Bpias axpafotons avéBnoar, Kpovpas éxaotos 
wrod TO (mar tep Evidtov. Kal Tpara pev év TH 
pera dupa TOV Sopupopav EUpOVTES dAlyous 
Twas evOds ExTewar. émevra bé Kal eis TOV 
avopava éo Raves: ToD Tupdvvov iyrrovro" Ties 
dé gaciw ov Tovs oTpatiaras auto TpOTOUS 
eipyacbat, aXX avTa@v ett perdovror TE &V TH 
petavr@ Kal KaToppodnKoTor | Tov Kivduvov, TOV 
tiva a\davtoT@AOY Eby avtois évta eomnojnoat 
te Ev TH KoTids Kal TO ‘Todyyy evTUXOVTA 
dm poodoxnras Taical. Kal Tov ov mAnyeTa 
ev Karpiay TANY IY, Edv JopuBe be TON 
pevyorta, és TOUTOUS 59, Tovs oTpaTLoTas ef 
Tecel avo. ovr Te. TOD avOpamov avTovs 
drpapévous. Tip pev avtixa TO Tadatio ipd- 
aravtas Kavoat, ws pH tis édrls evO&de amro- 
AerpOein Tots TA vewTEpa TpdypaTa Tpaccovow, 
1 ~uvéBn VP: ovverecer G. 
254 


re « 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xxvi. 5-11 


In the city of Daras the following event took 
place. There was a certain John there serving in 
a detachment of infantry; this man, in conspiracy 
with some few of the soldiers, but not all, took 
possession of the city, essaying to make himself 
tyrant. Then he established himself in a palace as if 
in a citadel, and was strengthening his tyranny 
every day. And if it had not happened that the 
Persians were continuing to keep peace with the 
Romans, irreparable harm would have come from 
this affair to the Romans. But as it was, this was. 
prevented by the agreement which had already been 
reached, as I have said. On the fourth day of the 
tyranny some soldiers conspired together, and by 
the advice of Mamas, the priest of the city, and 
Anastasius, one of the notable citizens, they went up 
to the palace at high noon, each man hiding a small 
sword under his garment. And first at the door of the 
courtyard they found some few of the body-guards, 
whom they slew immediately. Then they entered 
the men’s apartment and laid hold upon the tyrant ; 
but some say that the soldiers were not the first to 
do this, but that while they were still hesitating in 
the courtyard and trembling at the danger, a certain 
sausage-vendor who was with them rushed in with 
his cleaver and meeting John smote him unex- 
pectedly. But the blow which had been dealt him 
was not a fatal one, this account goes on to say, and 
he fled with a great outcry and suddenly fell among 
these very soldiers. Thus they laid hands upon the 
man and immediately set fire to the palace and 
burned it, in order that there might be left no hope 
from there for those making revolutions ; and John 


255 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


avtov 6& és TO Secpwtnpioy anayayovtas Shoat. 
12 kal abtov twa Seicavta uy of oTpaTi@tar Tept- 
eivat Tov TUpavvoy yvovTes TpaypaTa TH TONEL 
adOis Tapdoyovta, KTeivai te TOV "lwdvyny Kal 
ToUT@® 81 TO TpoT@ THY Ta,pax iy Tavoa. Ta 
pev ovv apdl TavTn TH TUpavvids THOE Ex@pHoeD. 


256 


ve" 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xxvi. 11-12 


they led away to the prison and bound. And one of 
them, fearing lest the soldiers, upon learning that 
the tyrant survived, might again make trouble for 
the city, killed John, and in this way stopped the 
confusion. Such, then, was the progress of events 
touching this tyranny. 








457 
VOL. I. 8 












Seleesideers haa hove 
BBL ram qutic ‘qrcee Side, wi Laie "ado rg S 
eEppo te senor at aw wayate 
py ~. 4 ese Shae * apc orgy 




















ot ACMA | ADT SP 
eae as ZOFTETTIL 


ors. 
‘ i 
baie ApoyvoL. o aig j in Aan vo rig / 
“8A EAE HuBigi oS vosb wall duiAmrl daw 26 


any P Rago 

ere ety MSY ATHA ATIMY LOTI SOW -Aiol0g Bey 
ton c e 

? 2a eAy WA: ayy ‘OUOUs irs ayy (Vo. BASS uae 


Shesiwiviore BOOK 9% vb oaier’ 

wi Terie ents Ose NOT ane RL aQo NG! wWrID *! awh 

| THE PERSIAN WAR (Contna) 

erie STG: NOT O “3 wet 533 7 ¥ 4 73 it Top mit 4 
cP 


, 
ee. . 4, yroar 03 MOMS ated as (oy $30) 


4 ' ae ~ 
: AA fho ZOTUD 2 .BT |. axOHDA BTHHAW aUNTIA 


BOs da769 ees LOTS Ld) fd WHA SP: Nits Saal 
SE ong. ier OTM iy say 7% IGOTTHSGO past Nasty Pa 
5 apo” MO Niwa ne aToinot eit aw wo tens 


“uiragsITG or had Tah 0 Fs 3 STS), aubyoy 2 yo ORD. ee 





e. Bat ouahtir 50! Ragu wilh yim Wah Wy SEay ores. 
Se" Ye shy! WHOIS ADT MAW? UOT Ghyae 
: a That m * aes ca! 2 E 

vos 
s 2 





POP TORY, OF THE WARS: AG a 


> ports). Ys , on j 
= Sy, SAO. « am = 29) AY TAND 2 TOMYNO Ttadddoas ky How ey Ph) le: 
 SPPAIAY » 2) FpMBQS <  ATOT) MOOT Ie A..9) ni Ke 


_ 


THEP TON MOAEMON AOTOS 
AETTEPO> ‘ 


I 


Xpovm dé od TOAA@ Uotepov o Xoapons pabav 
as kal “Iradiav Bedtodpios “lovetwiave Baciret 
mpootoleiy npEato, ovKéTe Katéyew olds Te HV 
THY Stdvoltayv, AAAA oKI Wels éTrivoeiv HOEXEV OTTwS 
87) ayy TW evmpeTel Tas omovdas. NUcELED. 
imép ov Kowonoyna duevos ‘Adapouvddpy éxé- 
Aevey avTov Evpropivec dau mohépov airias. o 
dé "ApéOqg émikarécas ote abtov mepl ys opiov 
Buiafouro, és yelpds te a’T@ ev omovdais HOE 
Kal yhv tiv “Popaiwv én tatty TH oKner 

a # ” / € ae > / 
katabeiy HpEato. éhacKké Te ws avTos ov AvEL 
tas Ilepo@v te cal “Pwpaiwrv orovdds, érel avtov 
> 4 > 4 > / \ S 
és tavtas ovdétepor éceypdwavto. Kal jw 8é 
ovTwS. ov yap Tis Te@ToTEe Yapaxnvav oyos 
év oroveais yéyover, ate Evvexopnévav TO Tlepo av 
te kab “Pwpaiwy dvouatt. aitn b€ 4 yo@pa, 4) 
52) mpos éxatépwv TOTe Yapaxnvav avtedéeyeTo, 

an \ / 4 \ , \ 
Xtpata pev KéxdyTat, [laXpvpas Sé wédews pos 


votov avewov TétpaTTat, Sévdpov pev % TL TOV 


260 


+ 


HISTORY OF THE WARS: BOOK II 


THE PERSIAN WAR (Continued) 


I ° 
~ Nor long after this: Chosroes, upon learning that 
Belisarius. had begun to win Italy also for the 
Emperor Justinian, was no longer able to restrain his 
thoughts but he. wished to discover pretexts, in order 
that he might break the treaty on some grounds 
which would seem plausible. And he conferred with 
Alamoundaras concerning this matter and commanded 
him to provide causes for war. So Alamoundaras 
brought against Arethas, the charge that he, Arethas, 
was doing him violence in a matter of boundary lines, 
and he entered into conflict with him in time of 
peace, and began to overrun the land of the Romans 
on this pretext. And he declared that, as for him, he 
was not breaking the treaty between the Persians and 
Romans, for neither one of them had included him in 
it. And this wastrue. For no mention of Saracens was 
ever made in treaties, on.the ground that they were 
included, under the names of Persians and Romans. 
Now this country which at that time was claimed by 
both tribes of Saracens! is called Strata, and extends 
to the south of the city of Palmyra ; nowhere does it 
produce a single tree or any of the useful growth of 
1 That is, the Saracens subject to the Romans and those 
subject to the Persians. é 
261 


10 


11 


12 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


év tois Aniow ayabdav ovdayh pépovca (Hr10- 
KavoTos yap UTeppuas éoTt), mpoBatwv Sé Tow 
ék Tadaod averévn vopais. “ApéOas ev ovv 
‘Pwpaiwv ioxyupifero eivar Tov yapov, TA TE 
ovomaTe TeKunpLovpevos ov 82) Tpos TaYTeV avo- 
Oev érvxe (Atpata yap 1) éotpwpevyn, od0s TH 


‘Aativev careirat dwvn) Kar vplals TaXaLo- 
Hf] 


TATOV avd pov XPOWevos.) ’ARapovdapos dé prro- 
veLKely [Lev bmp ToD ovomaTos ijeeora edixaiov, 
pra0ovs 6é ob Tob évTav0a vopod €x  -TadaLod 
epacke Tovs Ta mpoSata KexTnuévous Siddvar. 
810 81) Bacireds Tovorweavos Xtparnyle Te 
Tar puriep avbpl Kal TOV BaciuKov Oncavpav 
apXovee, addos dé Evverp Kar evar pion, ere 
pevTOL kal Loupnpo TOV év Taracorivy A te 
TOV Treacy THY TOV GV TUNEYO MEV OV emer p 
Starray. bé Lob ppos *TovALavov abeAHos 7 

Os oAiy@ fn Bee? és AiBiords TE wah ‘Ounabeas 
émpéaBevce. Kal avTow aTepos pér, Zodppos, 
HA) xphvar ‘Papaious catam polerbat THY Xepav 
n&tov, ST parijyos dé Baciréws edetro 7) Xopas 
Twos eveKa Bpaxetas TE Kal OS HKLoTA doyou 
akias, GXXG ayovou Te Kal axdpTrov TavTaTacw 
ovens, Lépoais Tohepnaeiovar oKmypees Tov 1T0- 
épou xapiver Bar Bactreds peep ovy Tovareavos 
tabta év Boudh érrocito, Kal ypovos TONdS TavTy 
87 TH Stairy er piBn. 

Xoapons dé 0 Ilepoay Bactreds AerVaOat pos 
‘Tovotiiavod TAS omovbas pace, TOAD emrl- 
Bourn és olxov Tov adtod apt évderEapevov, ols 
57 érapitecOa "AXapotvdapov év acirovdais éve- 


* 262 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. i. 6-12 


corn-lands, for it is burned exceedingly dry by the 
sun, but from of old it has been devoted to the 
pasturage of some few flocks. Now Arethas main- 
tained that the place belonged to the Romans, 
proving his assertion by the name which has long 
beén applied to it by all (for Strata signifies “a paved 
road” in the Latin tongue), and he also adduced the 
testimonies of men of the oldest times. Alamoundaras, 
however, was by no means inclined to quarrel 
concerning the name, but he claimed that tribute had 
been given him from of old for the pasturage there 
by the owners of the flocks. The Emperor Justinian 
therefore entrusted the settlement of the disputed 
points to Strategius, a patrician and administrator of 
the royal treasures, and besides a man of wisdom and 
of good ancestry, and with him Summus, who had 
commanded the troops in Palestine. This Summus 
was the brother of Julian, who not long before had 
served as envoy to the Aethiopians and Homeritae. 
And the one of them, Summus, insisted that the 
Romars ought not to surrender the country, but 
Strategius begged of the emperor that he should not 
do the Persians the favour of providing them with 
pretexts for the war. which they already desired, for 
the sake of a small bit of land and one of absolutely 
no account, but altogether unproductive and un- 
suitable for crops. The Emperor Justinian, therefore, 
took the matter under consideration, and a long time 
was spent in the settlement of the question. 

But Chosroes, the King of the Persians, claimed 
that the treaty had been broken by Justinian, who 
had lately displayed great opposition to his house, 
in that he had attempted in time of peace to attach 
Alamoundaras to himself. For, as he said, Summus, 


263 


13 


14 


15 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


xelpnoe. Lovupov yap evayyxos érl diairn dHOev 
TO OYH Tap avToV HKovTa érayyediats avTov 
a / ? e 
mepieOeiy peyddhov xXpnudtav, ép’ @ Tporcxo- 
pnoet ‘Pwpaiow, ypdppata te mpolayeto & Oy 
\ > / e \ 7 ’ \ 
mpos “AdXapovvdapov. trép tovTwv “lovatiwiavos 
\ + \ \ A f 
Baowrers éypare. xal pos Ovvvwv' Sé twas 
> / ro ' b] \ Ud b 
toxupifeto avTov émioTtoAny epurpat, éyKEeevo- 
pévnv avtois éoBareiv te és tHv Tlepoav yhv 
Kal Tots éxeivy Yopios él mrEtoToV AvpqvacOat. 
iy 57 of Tovs Obvvous avrous epackey eyxerpioas 
és oy éOovras. Tavra pev Noapons émiKaov 
“Popaios tas omovdas Aver Stevocito, eb pévTOL 
el / / e b / / > 
TavtTa AéyovTi ot adrmOivecOar EvvéBawev, ovK 
éy@ eizretv.} 


I] 


"Ev rovT@ 6é Ovirreyis, 0 TOV TorOav ayou-. 
pEvOS, 70n TO TOKE MD KEKAKOLEVOS, m péa Reus dvo 
Tap avTov éreprver, dvarreioovTas: emt ‘Pe paious 
orparever Gat, ov Pp oT@ous mévTot, brews p21) Kar d- 
dnhot avTobev yevopevot Evyxewor Ta Tpaccopeva, 
ana Avyotpous lepets, Xpnpwacw ddpois. és Tav- 
THY HYpevous THV mT pakwv. Ov &repos pev Gomep 
aELOTEpOS édofev eivat, doxnoiv TE Kal dvopa 
émugKoTou TepiBeBAnpevos ovdeV AUTO TPOTHKOY, 
és THY mpeaBelav Kaliatato, 0 5é 51 EtEpos avT@ 
UmnpeT@v elreTo. 089 Te, Lovres és Ta él THs 

© 4 
Opaxys xopla érarpifovtai tia évOévde Ywpas Te 
1 cimeityv GPW: Aéyew V. 
264 


OO Eee ee, 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. i. 12-ii. 3 


who had recently gone to the Saracen ostensibly to 
arrange matters, had. hoodwinked him by promises 
of large sums of money on condition that he should 
join the Romans, and he brought forward a letter 
which, he alleged, the Emperor Justinian had written 
to Alamoundaras concerning these things. He also 
declared that he had sent a letter to some of the 
Huns, in which he urged: them to invade the land of 
the Persians and to do extensive damage to the 
country thereabout. | This letter he asserted to have 
been put into his hands by the Huns themselves 
who had come before him. . So then Chosroes, with 
these charges against the Romans, was purposing to 
break off the treaty. But as to whether he was 
speaking the truth in these matters, 1 am not able to 
say. 


II 


Ar this point . Vittigis, the leader of the Goths, 
already worsted in the war, sent two envoys to him 
to persuade him to march against the Romans; but 
the men whom he sent were not Goths, in order 
that the real character of the embassy might not be 
at once obvious and so make negotiations useless, but 
Ligurian priests who were attracted to this enter- 
prise by rich gifts of money. One of these men, 
who seemed to be the more worthy, undertook the 
embassy assuming the pretended name of bishop 
which did not belong to him at all, while the other 
followed as his attendant. And when in the course 
of the journey they came to the land of) Thrace, 
they attached to themselves a man from there to be 


. 265 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Kal tHS “EXAnvidos davis épunvéa odhiow éod- 
ef / ‘Pp / 66 > a 
pevov, aravtas te Papatovs Nadovtes es a 
Tlepoav On adixovto. ate yap év orovoais 
fa] lal > > \ 3 \ , ye 4 
Kabect@tes ovK és TO axpiBes TavTyn! épvrNaccor. 
Xoapoou Te és oyu édOortes. EreEav Tordde “ Tods 
pév Gdrous atavtas, © Bacided, mpéc Bers TaV 
> a 4 / > a ] a 
avtois évexa Evpdhdpov éx Tod éml mrelorov Evp- 
Baiver és thv tpecBeiav xabictacOat, jpas 5é 
Oditriyis 6 Vor@av te Kat Itadki@tav Bacireds 
éreue TOUS AOvyous Urép THS THs Toimoopévous 
apxns’ Kat avtov voutte tapovTa cor Taviv 
POeyyerOar Tade. ef Tis ce, ® Bacrred, Evvedov 
ain Thy Te onv Bacideiav Kal Tavtas avOpwrous 
lovetimave mpoécbar, 6p0as av eit. 0 wey yap 
VewTEpoTroLos Te av dvcer Kal THY ovd OTwC- 
TLODV ALT® TpocnKovTaV épav, péverv Te Ov SuVa- 
pevos év Tois KabeotT@ol, yhV pev anacay 
a > 4 ea \ > \ 
Evd\AaBeiv ereOvuncev, éExdotnv Sé apynv Tept- 
‘A > a 9 > 2 / 
BaréoOar év orrovdn éxxev. eita (ovde yap Teép- 
cas? Kata wovas éyyerpely ioyvev ovde Llepodr ot 
avtTtatatovvTwyv olds Te Hy em AdAovs Lévat) oe ev 
TO THS eipyvns TapateTdopate éLaTratay éyva, 
Tovs 5é Nottrovs Brafopevos peydras Suvapes emt 
TH ON apxn érarpivecOa. Bavdirgov pév odv Hd 
Kkaleav thy Bacireiav cat Mavpovaiouvs xata- 
atpewdauevos, Tot@wv. ait@ girias ovopats 
ExTOO@Y ioTapévav, YpnwaTad Te peyadha Kal 
/ \ -p / bh bbs x a 4 ” 
TOLATA TOAANG Errayopuevos eh Huds eet. evon- 
dos 6€ €otiv, Hv wal TotGouvs Travtamacw é&eneiv 
dtvntar, ws Edv jpiv te Kal tots Hdn Sedov- 
1) raitn GPW : aitol V. 2 répoas GW : répoas VP. 
266 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. ii. 3-9 


an interpreter of the Syriac and the Greek tongues, 
and without being detected by any of the Romans, 
they reached the land of Persia. For inasmuch as 
they were at peace, they were not keeping a strict 
guard over that region. And coming before Chosroes 
they spoke as follows: “It is true, O King, that all 
other envoys undertake their task for the sake. of 
advantages to themselves as a rule, but we have been 
sent by Vittigis, the king of the Goths and the 
Italians, in order to speak in behalf of thy kingdom; 
and consider that he is now present before thee 
speaking these words. If anyone should say, O 
King, putting all in a word, that thou hast given up 
thy kingdom and all men everywhere to Justinian, 
he would be speaking correctly. For since he is by 
nature a meddler and a lover of those things which in 
no way belong to him, and is not able to abide by 
the settled order of things, he has conceived the 
desire of ‘seizing upon the whole earth, and has 
become eager to acquire for himself each and every 
state. « Accordingly (since he was neither able alone 
to assail the Persians, nor with the Persians opposing 
him to proceed against the others), he decided to 
deceive thee with the pretence, of peace, and by 
forcing the others to subjection to acquire mighty 
forces against thy state. Therefore, after having 
already destroyed the kingdom of the Vandals and 
subjugated the Moors, while the Goths because of 
their friendship stood aside for him, he has come 
against us bringing vast sums of money and many 
men. Now it is evident that, if he is able also to - 
erush the Goths utterly, he will with us and those 


267 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Awpévors él Ilépcas orpatetoer, odte TO THS 
girias évvody bvoya obTe TL TOV Opapoopevo”v 

10 epul présv. éws obv Ere oot DeiTreTat Tus + cwTnpias 
edmris, pajre eas epydon KQKOV Trepactépo pndev 
pnte avTos 1dOns, GAN’ Spa pev év Tols Hpetépows 
Kaxois 60a only Borepov EvpPyoerar Tépoass, 
evOupod be @ as, ‘Pwpaio: TH oF Baotheta edvor pev 
ouK av tote elev, Suvaper 5€ Kpelooous ryevomevor 
ovdev perrAnoovar TO és Ilépaas éxOos évdeixvu- 

11 cOa.. év. Séovte toivuy tH é€ovcia xphoar, pH 
Tavoapevny éeritntnans. Awhiycaca yap TOV 
KalpOv akpn érraviévar ovdauas TépuKEV. apet- 
vov dé mpotepncavTa év TH aohanrel eivar 7 TaV 
Karpov voTEepnKora Ta TdVT@Y aicxpoTaTa pds 
TOV Trodepiony mabeiv.” 

12. Tadra éret Xocpdns Tcourey, ev Té OL) rapa 
vey Ovittiyis @6oFe Kal Hew Tas omovdds Ett 
parov év orovey elye. POdv@ yap és “loverma- 
vov Baovhéa éyopevos, AovilerOar @S Hera 
éyva ote 81) mpos ave pov | ‘lovetwave Bactret 
duo pevav parioTa of Aovyou és avTov yevowTo. 

13 GAAa TO BovrecOar és TO TeccOHvar avToMoros 
HrOev. 6 dn Kab és TOs "Appeviov te kal Aakov 
Noyous Oriym voTepov Eépacev arep por adtixa 

14 para erecta. Kaito. TotadTa “lovetwave 
emreKaOvv eyKhijpara,, amep av eixotws Bacihet 
yevvale eyx@pia ein, OTL st Tp Bacireiav Thy 
abrod peilo Té Toujoat Kal TOARO emupave- 

15 orépav év omovoh & éyou. TadTa yap Kal Kipe av TIS 

“ans VPW: rhs G. 
268 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. ii. 9-15 


already enslaved march against the Persians, neither 
considering the name. of friendship nor blushing 
before any of ‘his sworn promises.. While, therefore, 
some hope of safety is still left thee, do not do us 
any further wrong nor suffer it thyself, but see in 
our misfortunes what will a little later befall the 
Persians ; and consider that the Romans could never 
be well-disposed to thy kingdom, and that when they 
become more powerful, they will not hesitate at all 
to display their enmity toward the Persians. Use, 
therefore, this good chance while the time fits, lest 
thou seek for it after it has ceased. For when once 
the time of opportunity has passed, it is not its 
nature to return again. And it is better by antici- 
pating to be in security, than by delaying beyond 
the opportune time to suffer the most miserable fate 
possible at the hands of the enemy.” i 

When Chosroes heard this, it seemed to him that 
Vittigis advised well, and he was still more eager to 
break off the treaty. For, moved as he was by envy 
toward the Emperor Justinian, he neglected com- 
pletely to consider that the words were spoken to 
him, by men who were bitter enemies of Justinian. 
But because he wished the thing he willingly con- 
sented to be persuaded. And he did the very same 
thing a little later in the case of the addresses of the 
Armenians and of the Lazi, which will be spoken 
of directly. And yet they were bringing as charges 
against Justinian the very things which would natur- 
ally be encomiums for a worthy monarch, namely 
that he was exerting himself to make his realm larger 
and much more splendid. For these accusations 
one might make also against Cyrus, the King of the 


269 


i) 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


érevéyxot TO Llepo av Bacire? ral heed oe: 
Makedov. adda yap pOdve 70 Sixaroy ovdaph 
elwbe EvvoixitecOa. dia tavdta pev 0 Xoopons 


TAS oTOVeas AVELV SLEVOETTO. 


Ill 


"Ev tovt@ S€ kal dddo TL yevérOar Tordvde 
/ , 2 a € \ 4 © big 
EvvéBn. Lvpedvas éexeivos, 0 TO Papadyyov “Pa- 
, > 7 > \ , / . 
patos évdovs, “lovetiavov Baciréa rreider, ert 
TOU Todé“oU. akmalovTos, KwOpais avToY TLoW 
avdpav “Appeviov SwpncacQar. Kvpids TE TOV 
X@ptov yevouevos mpos TOV avTa TWaNaL KEKTH- 
, > > a / > , ; \ 
pévov @& éeruBovrns OvncKe. éEevpyacpévou 8é 
TOD Kaxod of TOD hovov avToupyol' devyovcw és 
Ta Ilepoav 7On. aderpa 5é horny dvo0 Llepogou 
maide, Bacirevs Te TadTAa aKovcas Tas TE KOMAS 
’Apataorn mapadiéwo.Té Lupeavou aderpidg Kat 
dpxovta kateotnoato “Appeviows avTov. TodTov 
tov “Apafdorny, mpoiovtos tod ypovov, *lov- 
atiwwiav@ Bactret Tov Tis éritndeiwv béBadnev, 
*"Axakios dvoua, Kaxoupyelv te és “Apyevious Kat 
Us / > a 7 7 

BovrAecPar Lépaais evdodvar OcodociovTrondiv TE 
Kal dda atta TodicpaTa. TadTa eiTOY yroOuy 
/ > / ‘3 > / / »* C 
Bacihéws ’Axdxios tov’ Apafdornvy Soro ExTewe, 
Kal. thy. Appeviov apr dovtos Bacihéws Exxev 
avros. tmovnpos 5é dv dice éoxye Kal? 6 Tu Ta 
Ths wuyis nOn évdeiEorto. yéyovev ody és Tods 
1 aitoupyot VG: apxnyob P. 

270 


ee 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. ii. 15-iii. 6 


Persians, and Alexander, the Macedonian. But 
justice is never accustomed to dwell together with 
envy. For these. reasons, then, Chesroes was 
purposing to break off the treaty. 


Ill 


Ar this same time another event also occurred; 
it was as follows. That Symeon who had given 
Pharangium into the hands of the Romans persuaded 
the Emperor Justinian, while the war was still at its 
height, to present him with certain villages of 
Armenia. And becoming master of these places, he 
was plotted. against and murdered by those who had 
formerly possessed them, After this crime had 
been committed, the perpetrators of the murder fled 
into the land of Persia. They were two. brothers, 
sons of Perozes. And when the Emperor heard 
this, he gave over the villages to Amazaspes, the 
nephew of Symeon, and appointed him ruler over 
the Armenians. This Amazaspes, as time went on, 
was denounced to the Emperor Justinian by one of 
his friends, Acacius by name, on the ground that he 
was abusing the Armenians and wished to give over 
to the Persians Theodosiopolis and ‘certain other 
fortresses. After telling this, Acacius, by the 
emperor's will, slew Amazaspes treacherously, and - 
himself secured the command over the Armenians by 
the gift of the emperor. And being base by nature, 
he gained the opportunity of displaying his inward 
character, and he proved to be the most cruel of all 


271 


7 


10 


11 


12 


13 


14 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


dpxopévous @poTatos avOpwrev amtdvT@V. Ta TE 
yap Xpijpara édmigero ovdevi oye Kab popou 
avrois aTaywynv ovmote ovcay és KevTny apa 
Téooapa érakev. "Appévior 6é (pépew yap ovdKért 
aurov oloi Te oar) Kreivougt Te Evpppovrjcavres 
tov “Axdxiov Kab és TO Paparyyrov KaTapevyoust. 
Aw 8) Sirtav én avrods éx Bufavriov Bact- 
revs emeprper. évraida yap. 0 Lirras dérpiBev, 
émesdy ‘Pepators € éyévovto at TOs. Tlépoas omov- 
bai. ds 67 és. "A pyevious éMaov Ta pev T para, és 
Tov mOd«e Mov oKUnpas Het, TIWaccevew HEVTOL Kab 
éml Ta mporepa. HOn dvtixabtotdvat TOUS avOpo- 
Tous nmetyeTo, areiBewv Bacthéa UTOTXOpEVOS 
adeivar avrois TI KaLWHY TOO popou aTayoryny. 
émel 6€ avTov Baovreds THS HEXM Io EDS TON 
overditwv éxaxibev, nypévos Talis Adoriov dvaBo- 
Aais Tod *Axaxiov tratdos, évtav0a nn ri) irras 
Ta és Ty EvuBorw éEnprvero. ™ p@rov bev ob 
Umoaxerest TOXNOY dyad ov avarreiBew TE kal 
éraupiver Bar avuT@v Twas évexeipnoer, éTrws aur 
paov Te Kal amoverépa y} és Tous Aovtrovs értt- 
Kparnats yévorro, Kai oi TO Tov "AometTiavav 
Kahoupevov yévos, péya Te Ov Kal TohuavO porrov, 
mT poo pei jOEr«. méwpavtés Te mapa Tov 
Lirray ev Ypappacw. édéovTo didovac Ta Tota 
opiow, Ste On, Hv év 7@ ye TOUS Opmoryevers 
atomTovtes HEwow és THY ‘Popaiwv maparagw, 
KaK@Y Tavranac ww anrabeis peivact,) Ta opérepa 
avtav éyovtes. 0 O€ adtois do pevds Te ypawpas 
év BiPrcio Kabdnep édéovto Ta TLaoTa edcoxe, 
Kal TO Yypadupa Kataonnvdpevos és adTods 


1 uelvwor VP: pelvwow G, wevodor. Herwerden. 
272 











HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. iii. 6-14 


men toward his subjects. For he plundered their 
property without excuse and ordained that they 
should pay an unheard-of tax of four centenaria.! 
But the Armenians, unable to bear him any longer, 
conspired together and slew Acacius and fled for 
refuge to Pharangium. 

Therefore the emperor sent Sittas against them 
from Byzantium. For Sittas had been delaying there 
since the time when the treaty was made with the 
Persians. So he came to Armenia, but at first he 
entered upon the war reluctantly and exerted him- 
self to calm the people and to restore the population 
to their former habitations, promising to persuade the 
emperor to remit to them the payment of the new 
tax. But since the emperor kept assailing him 
with frequent reproaches for his hesitation, led on by 
the slanders of Adolius, the son of Acacius, Sittas 
at last made his preparations for the conflict. First 
of all he attempted by means of promises of many 


_ good things to win over some of the Armenians 


by persuasion and to attach them to his cause, 
in order that the task of overpowering the others 
might be attended with less difficulty and toil. And 
the tribe called the Aspetiani, great in power and in 
numbers, was willing to join him. And they went 
to Sittas and begged him to give them pledges in 
writing that, if they abandoned their kinsmen in the 
battle and came to the Roman army, they should 
remain entirely free from harm, retaining their own 
possessions. Now Sittas was delighted and wrote 
to them in tablets, giving them pledges just as 
they desired of him; he then sealed the writing 
1 Of. Book I. xxii. 4. 


273 
VOL, I. : T 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


15 émeprpe. Oapodv te as O¢ aitdv apaxntl Tod 
mohe“ov KpaTHncel, TO TavtTl oTpaT@ €s Ywpiov 
Oivoyardxav jet, 0a tos ’Appeviovs éotpa- 

16 TomrededoOar EvvéBawe. TVxn Oé TWL Of TO 
BiBriov éyovtes érépa tovtes 06@ ‘“Aometiavois 

17 évrvyeiy ovdaph icyvoav. potpa pévTor Tov 
‘Papaiwy otpatod oXiyors Ticly avT@y évTU- 
xovTes, ovK eldoTes Te TA EvYyKEiweva, @S TO- 

18 Aewious éypnoavto. Kal avTos Littas év omnrai@ 
TOU raibds Te avT@v Kal yvvaixas AaBov 
ExTelvev, 7) TO yeyovos ov Evviels 7H Sv Opyis 
*Aotretiavovs éxwv, tt of Kabdtep Evvéxerto ov 
™ poaex@pour. 

19 Ot dé Oud dn eydpevor Edv Tois adXols 
anacw os és paynv érdfavto. ate bé & 
dvoywpians yarerais Te Kal Kpnyvedeow éxd- 
Tepot dvtes ovx ev &l xop@ eudxovTO, adda 
duacKkedavvipevor &v Te vTwpeiats Kal Pdpayét. 
TeTUXnKEY ovv TaV Te Appeviwy Griyous Twas 
kal Xittay Tov émopévov ov TOANOdS exorTA 
adMjrwv 1TH ayxicTa lévat, Pdpayyos chiar TWOS 

20 petakd ovens. immeis dé joav éxdtepot. 0 pev 
owv Sittas, orliyov of émictopévor,’ éml tods 
évavtious Thy ddpayya SiaBas HAravvev, "Appéviot 
dé dricw troxwphoavtes éotnoav, Kal o XiTTas 

21 otxéte edimxev GAN adTod Eyevevr. advo O€é TIS 
Tod ‘Pwpaiwy otpatod, "Epovros yévos, diwéw 
émt tovs moAreuious memoinpuévos évOévde te Evy 
Oup@ arerXavvov, Tapa Tos audi tov LitTav 
HrOev. étvyyave Sé 0 Littas és Td eados TO 
dopu épeicas: 5 87 6 Tod "EpovAouv tmmos émt- 

1 ériomouéevwy Hoeschel: ériomwpévwv VG, érecotonévav P, 


274 


——————_ 


ti 


a a 





—— 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, IL. iii. 14-21 


and sent it to them. Then, confident that by their 
help. he would be victorious in the war without 
fighting, he went with his whole army to a place 
called Oenochalakon, where the Armenians had their 
camp. But by some chance those who carried the 
tablets went by another road and did not succeed 
at all in meeting the Aspetiani. Moreover a portion 
of the Roman army happened upon some few of 
them, and not knowing the agreement which had 
been made, treated them as enemies. And Sittas 
himself caught some of their women and children in 
a cave and slew them, either because he did not 
understand what had happened or because he was 
angry with the Aspetiani for not joining him as had 
been agreed. 

But they, being now possessed with anger, arrayed 
themselves for battle with all the rest. But since 
both armies were on exceedingly difficult ground 
where precipices abounded, they did not fight in one 
place, but scattered about among the ridges and 
ravines. So it happened that some few of the 
Armenians and Sittas with not many of his followers 
came close upon each other, with only a ravine lying 
between them. Both parties were horsemen. 
Then Sittas with a few men following him crossed 
the ravine and advanced against the enemy; the 
Armenians, after withdrawing to the rear, stopped, 
and Sittas pursued no further but remained where 
he was. Suddenly someone from the Roman army, 
an Erulian by birth, who had been pursuing the 
enemy, returning impetuously from them came up to 
Sittas and his men.. Now as it happened Sittas had 


planted his spear in the ground; and the Erulian’s 


275 
tT 2 


22 


23 


26 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


mero Eov TONAH poyn Katéake, TOV TE oT pa 
Tyyov TovTo Hviacey és Ta pamara, Kab avrov 
TOV TIS "A ppevieov ida & éyv@ Te Kal Xirtav avrov 
Tots adnows amacw ioxupivero elvat. EvvéBawe 
yap oi év TH Kepary Kpavos ovK elvat. 610 8 
TOUS Tohepious ovK érabe Eov drLyous tol 
évrad0a Heov. Littas pev ovv, érel Tadta Tov 
"Appeviou AéyovTos HKovce Kal TO Sdopu, ooTEp 
éppn0n, of amoxavdcbey és thy yh éxerTO, 
oT aT dpevos To Ethos thy pdpayya SsiaBaivew 
evs € evexelpnoer. ot 6é TONE [UO oTovo} TONG 
ém’ autor iavvor, Kal Tls avTov KaTtadkaBev év 
TH papayye Eiger és dxpav eparyy érupe ANY 
éykapoig. Kal To pev Bpéypa ddov aeihero, 
Tob dé doréou 0 atdnpos ovdapij tpparo. Kal 0 
pev Littas ere paddov 0 ™ poTepov Tpoow 
HNavVeED, ‘ApraBavns 5" Iwavvou mais "Apoaxidns 
Omabev € meter @y Kal Traicas TO Sopare ExTELVEV. 
oitw Te 0 LiTtas && av paoreov npdvicro ovdevt 
ove, dvatios THIS Te dperis Kal Tov €& tovs 
Tmohepious ael Tem parywevov, avnp TO TE copa és 
aryav Kanos yeyoves Kal aryaBos Ta Toheuea, 
oT paTnyos Té aplaTos TOV Kat air ov ovdevos 


27 Hoow. Tues O€ pace Tov LitTav ov mpos TOD 


28 


"AptaBdvou ATOAWAEVAL, adda Lorouwva, Lav 
év ’Appeviows apavh avdpa, Tov avOpwrov Svaypy- 
cacba. 

Tedevrijoavtos de Lirra Bovgyy Bacureds emt 
TOUS "Appevious éxédevoev teva os érel dyxioTa 
Tou éyéveTo, emeurpe m pos avrovs Bactret te 
Katannrakery "Appevious Umooxomevos amavras 
kal vmép TovT@y és Noyous of éeciv akiav TOV 


276 














HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. iii. 21-28 


horse fell upon this with a great rush and shattered 
it. And the general was exceedingly annoyed by 
this, and one of the Armenians, seeing him, recog- 
nized him and declared to all the others that it was 
Sittas. _ For it happened that he had no-helmet on 
his head. Thus it did not escape the enemy that he 
had come there with only a few men. Sittas, then, 
upon hearing the Armenian say this, since his spear, 
as has been said, lay broken in two on the ground, 
drew his sword and attempted immediately to re- 
cross the ravine. But the enemy advanced upon 
him with great eagerness, and a soldier overtaking 
him in the ravine struck him a glancing blow with 
his sword on the top of his head ; and he took off 
the whole scalp, but the steel did not injure the 
bone at all. And Sittas continued to press forward 
still more than before, but Artabanes, son of John 
of the Arsacidae, fell upon him from behind and 
with a thrust of his spear killed him. Thus Sittas 
was removed from the world after no notable fashion, 
in a manner unworthy of his valour and his con- 
tinual achievements against the enemy, a man who 
was extremely handsome in appearance and a capable 
warrior, and a general second to none of his contem- 
poraries. But some say that Sittas did not die at 
the hand of Artabanes, but that Solomon, a very 
insignificant man among the Armenians, destroyed 
him. 

After the death of Sittas the emperor commanded 
Bouzes to go against the Armenians; and he, upon 
drawing near, sent to them promising to effect a 
reconciliation between the emperor and all the 
Armenians, and asking that some of their notables 
should come to confer with him on these matters. 


277. 


29 


30 


31 


32 


33 


34 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Soxijpev Tuas. oi pev ow adXot ovTE TLoTEvELY 
TO Bovty eixov ovTEe TOS Noyous évdéxer Oat 
TOUS avrod nOerXov. Hv oé TIS avr paduora 
piros avnp "Apoaxions, lodvyns dvopa, "A pta- 
Bdvov marnp, ds 6) TO Bovtn Tote ate giro 

apanoas Evy Te Bacodny TO endeorh kal arows 
oALyoUs Teal Tap aitov HrOev: of 8) ev Xeplep 
ryevopevot Te Kat avdobévtes Oa TO Bovty 
TH voTepaia evTuxel epedop, noGovro és KU- 
KN@oLW mpos Tov Popator oTparon HKOVTES. 
TOANG pev ovv TOV. lwavyny Bagodxns 0 Q yapBpos 
MT apet dpacpod éyecOar. émel Sé avtov meiGew 
OUK eixe, povov evTat0a KATAALTIOV, Ebv Tots 
arous amacu N\abav tovs ‘Papatous 058 TH avTy 
dricw avOis annrdavuve. Bovtns te Tov "lodvyny 
pLovov elpov éxTewe; Kab am avTov ovTE Twa. 
énmida és ‘Papaious “A ppevtor EvpBacews mépt 
TO Aovmov ExovTes ovte Bacthea TO TON LO 
Dmrepat pety olot Te dvTes Tapa TOV Tepoév Bace- 
rea HrOor, Bagodxou odhiow myyoupevou, Spacrn- 
ptov avdpos. av TOTE ol Tp@To Noapon és dw 
eNO ovrTes éreEay ToLdoe “ Kiol pev pay ToNol 
‘Apoaxidat, @ déomoTa, € éxeivou “Apodkov amo- 
ryovau os on OUTE THS Tldp0ey Bashelas aO- 
Tplos eruyxaver, OV, quia bird IldpOous execto 
Ta Iepo av Tparypata, Kal Bactrevs emipayns 
yeyove, TOY Kal’ abrrov ovdevos acon. mdpecpev 
dé Travov eis bpas dmayres SodXoi Te Kal Spaméra 
yeyevnpEevor, oux éxovovot pévToL, GAN jpayKa~ 
opevot @S padoras TO pev patvouevp bro THS 
‘Popatev axis, TO O€ anrndet ove bd ons, 
@® Bacired, yoouns eltep 0 Thy ioxdv Tots 


278 


a 





ae 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. iii. 28-34 


Now the Armenians as a whole were unable to trust 
Bouzes nor were they willing to receive his proposals. 
But there was a certain man of the Arsacidae who 
was especially friendly with him, John by name, the 
father of Artabanes, and this man, trusting in Bouzes 
as his friend came to him with his son-in-law, 
Bassaces, and a few others; but when these men 
had reached the spot where they were to meet 
Bouzes on the following day, and had made their 
bivouac there, they perceived that they had come 
into a place surrounded by the Roman army. 
Bassaces, the son-in-law, therefore earnestly en- 
treated John to fly. And since he was not able to 
persuade him, he left him there alone, and in 
company with all the others eluded the Romans, 
and went back again by the same road. And Bouzes 
found John alone and slew him; and since after 
this the Armenians had no hope of ever reaching an 
agreement with the Romans, and since they were 
unable to prevail over the emperor in war, they 
came "before the Persian king led by Bassaces, an 
energetic man. And the leading men among them 
came at that time into the presence of Chosroes and 
spoke as follows: ‘Many of us, O Master, are 
Arsacidae, descendants of that Arsaces who was not 
unrelated to the Parthian kings when the Persian 
realm lay under the hand of the Parthians, and who 
proved himself an illustrious king, inferior to none 
of his time. Now we have come to thee, and all 
of us have become slaves and fugitives, not, however, 
of our own will, but under most hard constraint, as it 
might seem by reason of the Roman power, but in 
truth, O King, by reason of thy decision, —if, indeed, 
he who gives the strength to those who wish to 


279 


35 


36 


37 


38 


39 


40 


41 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


abuceiv Bovdopevors d1800s avTos av péporro Kad 
THY aitiay TOV. épyav dixaios. eipnoetar Oe 
pox pov dvobev oras 07 dmacy mapaxohovbeiv 
Tois TET pary HevOUS duvijoeabe. “Apadens yap o 
TOV T poryovey TOV 7} MET Epeov Bacirevs totatos 
é&éotn TiS axis TiS, avrod @codocin TO “Po- 
patoov avroxparopt éxeov ye elvan, éf’ bn a amav- 
TES of KaTa yevos aiTe pédovTEs TavTa Tov 
aidva TpoonKke Ta Te GAXa PBiotedcovor KaT 
éEovciay Kal dopouv vrotercis ovdaph ecovTat. 
Kal dieowodpeba ta Evyceipeva ws duels TavTas 
meroinabe tas SsaBontovs omovods, as on Kowov 
TWa oreO pov Kaho TLS, oiopeba, ovK ap upapror. 
pirov Te yap Kal TroNELiov TO evredev ad pov- 
TLoTHOaS, dmayra (Euvexet Te Kal ee te Ta 
avO porrera 6 6 aos, @ Bacired, 7@ oye bev thos, 
Epy@ dé ducpevns. Strep cal autos ouK eis pax pav 
elon, émevoav TaXYLOTA TOUS ean olds Té 
fF mayraTact cataatpeyacbas. yep Tay 
T poTepov _areupnpévov ovK enpater; un Ti UK 
éxivnce TOV ev Kabeatorov ; ovx npiv ev popov 
amaryeoryny éragev ov ™poTepov ovcar, Kal TEavous 
TOUS OpOpous ply avTOVOMOUS évTas dedovrAwrat, 
TO 6€ Bactrei Tov aOrj{ov Aagéy apxovra ‘Po- 
peatov eméornoe; Tm parywa ovTe TH ducer TOV 
T paryparav EvpBaivov ovTe Oyo padiop eppn- 
veveo Gar. ov Booropirass pev Tots Ovvvev Ka- 
THKOOLS oTparnyous erren pe Kal THY TOAD T poo- 
emoinaaro ovdep auT@ Tpoonxov, omarxpiay be 
TeTroinrae ™ pos Tas TOV Ai@.voT@y. apyas, Ov 
xal avnKoor TO _Tapamay ‘Papaio: eTiyxavou 
évTes; GAA Kal “Ounpitas te xal Odraccap 


280 


UN SS a 


a 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. iii. 34-41 


do injustice should himself justly bear also the 
blame of their misdeeds. Now we shall begin 
our account from a little distance back in order that 
you. may be able to follow the whole course of 
events, Arsaces, the last king of our ancestors, 
abdicated his throne willingly in favour of Theodosius, 
the Roman Emperor, on condition that all who should 
belong to his family through all time should live un- 
hampered in every respect, and in particular should 
in no case be subject to taxation. And we have 
preserved the agreement, until you, the Persians, 
made this much-vaunted treaty, which, as we think, 
one would not err in calling a sort of common 
destruction. For from that time, disregarding friend 
and foe, he who is in name thy friend, O King, but 
in fact thy enemy, has turned everything in the 
world upside down and wrought complete confusion. 
And this thou thyself shalt know at no distant time, 
as soon as he is able to subdue completely the people 
of the West. For what thing which was before for- 
bidden: has he not done? or what thing which was 
well established has he not disturbed ? Did he not 
ordain for us the payment of a tax which did not 
exist before, and has he not enslaved our neighbours, 
the Tzani, who were autonomous, and has he not 
set over the king of the wretched Lazi a Roman 
magistrate ?>—an act neither in keeping with the 
natural order of things nor very easy,to explain in 
words. Has he not sent generals to the men of 
Bosporus, the subjects of the Huns, and attached to 
himself the city which in no way belongs to him, 
and has he not made a defensive alliance with. the 
Aethiopian kingdoms, of which the Romans. had 
neyer even heard? More. than this he has made the 


281 


42 


43 


44 


46 


47 


48 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


THD "Epvpav meptBeBrnras Kal Tov howiKava 
mpoariOnar Th ‘Popatov apxn. adienev yap 
Aeryew Ta AtBowv te kal “Iradov ™aOn. v] yn 
TOV avOpwmov ou Xe pet Evuraca puKpov éoTw 
avT@ Tm dvTOV OMovd THY av Opa ov kpareiv. 0 
6é kal Tov aidépa meproxomTrel Kal TOUS dmép TOV 
@Keavov Suepevvatar pvyovs, GAnv avToO Twa. 
oleoupevny mepimoretobat Bovdopevos. Th ovv 
eTl, @ Bactred, pEerNets ; TL be THD KAKLOTA 
aTroNoupévny elpyvnv aiaxivy, éTws dn aby} oe 
vorarny TOLanT at Bpoow TOV G\AwV aTa’TOV; 
el mev ear goe Bovdopéeve pabeiv omrotos Tes av 
‘Tovativiavos és TovS avT@ elxovTas yévorTo, 
eyyuber | co TO mapddevypa Tap ypev TE aura 
éore Kal TOV Tahar opov Aafav: ei 66, OTS 
more elw0e Tols Te ayvaot Kal ov6’ oTLoby ndLKN- 
KOOL xpna Gar, Bavdirovs Te cal Tér@ovs Kat 
Maupovoious diarorifou. TO Te 87 xepadatov 
ovTw AéexTae. ovK ’AXapodvOapor pev ep 
oroveais TOV GOV, ® KpaTLaTeE Bactnreb, dSodXov 
anarn TE meprenely Kat Baotreias amoariaas 
THS ONS epyov memoinTal, Odvvous dé Tvs ovea- 
pobev avre ywopipous éml Tots gois evaryxos 
érarpitec Oar Tpaypwaciw év omouoh éoxe; Kaitou 
makes aTomwTépa Taurns ov ryeyover | éx Too 
TAvTos Xpovov. erred yap naQero, olwar, els 
Tmépas avt@ dcov otT@ apigerbar THY TOV EOTE- 
plow Katactpodip, Tovs ew@ous non peteGeiv 
bpas eryxexelpncer, émel Ka) povov amonéhevm rat 
are és ayova TO Tlepody KpaTos. 1) sev ovv 
elpyvn TO éxetvou , HE pos 80 gou AéAUTAL, Kal 
orovoais avtTos mépas Tals dmepdvtois éréOnxe. 


282 





ee. 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. iii. 41-49 


Homeritae his possession and the Red Sea, and he 
is adding the Palm Groves to the Roman dominion. 
We omit to speak of the fate of the Libyans and of 
the Italians. ‘The whole earth is not large enough 
for the man; it is too small a thing for him to con- 
quer all the world together. But he is even looking 
about, the heavens and is searching the retreats 
beyond the ocean, wishing to gain for himself some 
other world. Why, therefore, O King, dost thou 
still delay? Why dost thou. respect that most 
accursed peace, in order forsooth that he may make 
thee the last morsel of all? If it is thy wish to learn 
what kind of a man Justinian would shew himself 
toward those who yield to him, the example is to be 
sought near at hand from ourselves and from the 
wretched Lazi; and if thou wishest to see how he 
is accustomed to treat those who are unknown to him 
and who have done him not the least wrong, con- 
sider the Vandals and the Goths and the Moors. 
But the chief thing has not yet been spoken. Has 
he not made efforts in time of peace to win over by 
deception thy slave, Alamoundaras, O most mighty 
King, and to detach him from thy kingdom, and has 
he not striven recently to attach to himself the Huns 
who are utterly unknown to him,in order to make 
trouble for thee? And yet an act more strange 
than this has not been performed in all time. For 
since he perceived, as I think, that the overthrow of 
the western world would speedily be accomplished, 
he has already taken in hand to assail you of the 
East, since the Persian power alone has been left for 
him to grapple with. ‘The peace, therefore, as far as 
concerns him, has already been broken for thee, and 
he himself has set an end to the endless peace. 


283 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


50 Avouver yap Ti elpnvny ovx ot ay év Gmhots 
ryévowTo T PWTOL, Grr ot av émtBounevovtes év 
51 oroveais TOUS médas anoiev. 70 yap eyxAnua 
TO eyKeVeELpnKoTt, nde anh 70 xaropbody, Tm é~ 
Mpaxtar. Onn Tore dé 6 TONeMOS Xwpijoes mavti 
Tou dfjdov. ov yep. oi Tas aitias 7O TONE LD 
TApATXopEvot, GN’ oi Tovs Tapa XopMevous abtas 
dpuvopevor, Kparety ael Tov To epileov ei@Pacwy. 
52 ov py ovee é€ avrimdNov Hpi TNS Suvdpews 0 
aryov éorat. Popaiors yap TOV TE oTpaTLwTaV 
TAElaToUs 7 pos tals Tis oikoupérns exxarvats 
EvpBaiver elvat, Kal dvoiv otpatnyotv, oltep 
aurois dpLorou joav, Tov &Tepov pev Littapv 
KreivavTes TCOpED, Beduodpvoy oe ovtote “lov- 
oTLyLavos TO ou ov Oyperae. obmep éxeivos odt- 
yopnoas HEME KE ™ pos Tals “Alou ducpais, 
53 auros éx@v TO "Iradov Kparos. Gare Tot én) 
TOvS TroAEmLoUS cove arayT Hoe TOV mavTov 
ovdeis, eeus dé Kal pas evvoia Te, OS TO eiKos, 
Kal Xo piov cumerpia TONY TO o@ oTpar@ 
54 eEmryoupevous.” TAaDTA émel Xoapéns HKOUCED, 
jjoOn TE Kal Evyxaréoas el TL ev Tlépoaus xabapov 
ve és mayras eErfveryxev a& TE Ovirreyes éypanpe 
Kal dca oi Appévioe elzrov, appt TETO TpaKTe@ 
55 Bovdny ™ povlnxev. évOa 6n enéyOnoar "pep 
yvapar Toddal éd’ éxatepa pépovea, Téhos dé 
ToheunTed chicw dua hou adpxopwevey él Po- 
56 palous cooker | elvat. Vv ep, TOU TOUS peTOTTO- 
pov; Tpirov al déxatov & éT0s lovetuavod Bace- 
57 Néws THY avroxpdTopa apy EXOVTOS. ov pévroe 
‘Pepaion TobTo bmanrevor, ovee 5 Ilépcas Av- 
gel TOTe TAS amEepavToUS Kadovpévas aTrOvdas 


284 











HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. iii. 50-57 


For they break the peace, not who may be first in 
arms, but they who may be caught plotting against 
their neighbours in time of peace. For the crime 
has been committed by him who attempts it, even 
though success be lacking. Now as for the course 
which the war will follow, this is surely clear to 
everyone. For it is not those who furnish causes for 
war, but those who defend themselves against those 
who furnish them, who are accustomed always to 
conquer their enemies. | Nay more, the contest will 
not be evenly matched for us even in point of 
strength. For, as it happens, the majority of the 
Roman soldiers are at the end. of the world, and as 
for the two generals who were the best they had, we 
come here having slain the one, Sittas, and Belisarius 
will never again be seen by Justinian. For dis- 
regarding his master, he has remained in the West, 
holding the power of Italy himself. So that when 
thou goest against the enemy, no one at all will con- 
front thee, and thou wilt have us leading the army with 
good will, as is natural, and with a thorough know- 
ledge of the country.” When Chosroes heard this 
he was pleased, and calling together all who were of 
noble blood among the Persians, he disclosed to all 
of them what Vittigis had written and what the 
Armenians had said, and laid before them the ques- 
tion as to what should be done. Then many opinions 
were expressed inclining to either side, but finally it 
was decided that they must open hostilities against 
the Romans at the beginning of spring. For it was 
the late autumn season, in the thirteenth year of the 
reign of the Emperor Justinian. The Romans, how- 
ever, did not suspect this, nor did they think that 
the Persians would ever break the so-called endless 


285 


5389 a.D. 


_ 


> 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA. 


@ovTo, KalT Ep Xoo pony axoboarres TQ TE opav 
avTav Bactnei eyeanrely ois evn wepnoev év Tais 
jiov ducpais Kal Ta éyxAjnpata éripépew TadTa 
ov apts guvncOnp. 


IV 


Tore wal 6 KOMHTNS aorip épavn, TA ev mpara 
bcov eupajKns avinp padora, dorepov dé Kal 
TOAA@® peifov. Kal avTod TO _ Hev mépas mpos 
Svovra mor, » O€ apxy pos avicxovta my; 
aire dé 7@ Wb drvcbev elmeto. 6 iy yap év 
airyonép@ iv, avTos dé é&v TOEOTD. wat avTov ot 
pév tives éxddovp Evpiav, Ste by é emipnens Te Tp 
Kal av o£etav THY apyny elxev, of 6& Tayw- 
via, npwépas Te TAelous 7 TeccapdKovTa avn. 
oi pev ovv TavTa cogol GNA OLS Os neLora 
oporoyobvTes GANS GANA TpovNEyoU Tpos TOUTOU 
67 Tod dor épos onpatver Oar: eyo 6é boa yevécOar 
EvynvéxOn ypddov did@pu exdoT@ Tos do Be- 
Bnxoot Texpnprodcbar 9 BovdorTo. péya pev 
evOds otpdtevua Odvvixdr, bia Bavres moTapov 
“lot pov, Evpmaon Evpory eméonmpay, ryeryovos 
pev TOAAGKIS Hon, tocabra dé TO ™HOos Kaka 
4) Toradta TO péyeOos ovK éveyxov memoTe TOIS 
Hat avO parrots. ex KoATrov yap Tod “loviov 

BapBapor ovTOL dmavra epeEns érnioavro 
expe és Ta Butartiov mpodareta. Kar ppovpra 
pep bv0 Kal TpldKovTa ev ‘Tdruptois ei Nov, TOAW 
Oe TI Kacodvépevay KaTeot peyravTo Big (iv of 
madatol! MoriSaav éeddoup, doa ye hpas etdevar) 


286 1 raraol: mavres G. 











HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. iii, 57-iv. 5 


peace, although they heard that Chosroes blamed 
their emperor for his successes in the West, and that 
he preferred against him the charges which I have 
lately mentioned. 


IV 


Ar that time also the comet appeared, at first 
about as long as a tall man, but later much larger. 
And the end of it was toward the west and its 
beginning toward the east; and it followed behind 
the sun itself. For the sun was in Capricorn and 
it was in Sagittarius. And some called it “the 
swordfish’? because it was of goodly length and 
very sharp at the point, and others called it “the 
bearded star” ; it was seen for more than forty days. 
Now those who were wise in these matters disagreed 
utterly with each other, and one announced that one 
thing, another that another thing was indicated by 


this star; but I only write what took place and I. 


leave to each one to judge by the outcome as he 
wishes. Straightway a mighty Hunnic army crossing 
the Danube River fell as a scourge upon all Europe, 
a thing which had happened many times before, 
but which had never brought such a multitude of 
woes nor such dreadful ones to the people of that 
land. For from the Ionian Gulf these barbarians 
plundered everything in order as far as the suburbs 
of Byzantium. And they captured thirty-two fort- 
resses in Illyricum, and they carried by storm the 
city of Cassandria (which the ancients called 
Potidaea, as far as we know), never having fought 


287 


539 A.D. 


6 


10 


ll 


12 


13 > 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


ov TEelyomaynoayTes mpoTEpov. Kal Ta TE YpN- 
pata eXOvTES aixpanaroy Te pupuddas Svoxaivera 
amayomevot én” oixov aTravrTes avex@pnoar, 
ovdevos odicw évavTi@pmaTtos dmavticayros. 
“pove TE TO vVoTépw TodAdAdKIs evTadOa ryevo- 
pevor avynKeata és ‘Pwpaious dewa épacav. of oy 
Kal év Xeppovnc@ TELXO MAX TAVTES, Bracdpevot 
Te TOUS €K TOU TElyoUS GpUvOMEVOUS kal va Tod 
Tis daracons podiov TOV meptBonrov omepBavres 
ds T pos KOATO TO behave Kadouperp cor, ovT@ 
Te eT OS TOV makpOv TELX OV ryeyevnevor kal Tols 
ev Xeppovnge “Pwpaiors dm poo doxnrot émritre- 
OOVTES, exTeway Te TOAAOVS Kal yvdpaTrddicaV 
cxedov dmavtas. dAdliyou 5é Twes Kal SiaBdvtes 
tov petakv Snotov te kal “ABvdov TropOpov, Ane 
gapevol Te Ta éml Ths “Acias Xwpia Kal adds és 
Xeppovna ov dvaoTpepayTes, Eby TO aro oTpaT@ 
Kal maan TH dela eT oikou arexopicOnoay, 
év éTépa TE cia Bong Tous TE "Drvpiods . wal 
Ocaoarods Ager dpevot, TeLxXopaxety pev évexel- 
pnoav év Bepporrvdars, TOV b¢ év Tots Teixeot 
ppovpav KapTepitara dpvvopevav Stepevvepevor 
Tas méptobous ‘Tapa dofay TH atparov ev pov 
i péper eis TO pos 0 tavTn avéyer. oUT@ TE 
oxedov & amavras "EdAnvas TV Teo rovynotov 
Siepyacdpevor amex@pnoay. Mépoac dé ov TOG 
Uorepov Tas orovods AveavTes epya “Popatous 
Tovs é@ous eipydcavto amep éyw avtixa 6) wdra 
Snddow. 

Bedsodpios [éret] tov Tot8wv te Kal “Ita- 
NMetTov Bacirriéa Odittiyw Kxaberov Cavta és 


1 amayduevur Maltretus : érayéueroe MSS. 
288 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, IL. iv. 5-13 


against walls before. And taking with them the 
money and leading away one hundred and twenty 
thousand captives, they all retired homeward without 
encountering any opposition. In later times too they 
often came there and brought upon the Romans irre- 
parable calamity. This same people also assailed the 
wall of the Chersonesus, where they overpowered 
those who were defending themselves from the 
wall, and approaching through the surf of the sea, 
scaled the fortifications on the so-called Black Gulf ; 
thus they got within the long wall, and falling 
unexpectedly upon the Romans in the Chersonesus 
they slew many of them and made prisoners of 
almost all the survivors. Some few of them. also 
crossed the strait between Sestus and Abydus, and 
after plundering the Asiatic country, they returned 
again to the Chersonesus, and with the rest of the 
army and all the booty betook themselves to their 
homes. Inanother invasion they plundered Illyricum 
and Thessaly and attempted to storm the wall at 
Thermcpylae ; and since the guards on the walls 
defended them most valiantly, they sought out the 
ways around and unexpectedly found the path which 
leads up the mountain which rises there.! In this 
way they destroyed almost all the Greeks except 
the Peloponnesians, and then withdrew. And the 
Persians not long afterwards broke off the treaty 
and wrought such harm to the Romans of the East 
as I shall set forth immediately. 

Belisarius, after humbling Vittigis, the king of the 
Goths and Italians, brought. him alive to Byzantium. 

1 The Huns placed a part of their force in the rear of the 
defenders of the pass, which lies between the sea and the 
mountains, sending them around by the same path, probably, 


as that used by Xerxes when he destroyed Leonidas and his 
three hundred Spartans ; see Herod. vii. 216-218. 289 


VOL, I, . U 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Butdytiov nveyKev. Omrws bé 6 Ilepody otparos 
és yiv thy ‘“Papaiay écéBarev epov EpXo pat. 
nvica Xoapdov TonrepnoelovTos "Tove tiwiavos 
Bacirevs jobeto, tapaivecivy te ToveicOai twa 
Kal THs éyxetpnoews avTov atrayayelv Heder. 
ériyyave b€ Tis és Bufavtwv heov ex Adpas 
Tmorews, “Avacrdotos bvopa, Soéav emi Evvécer 
éxav, ds Kal tiv é&v Adpas Wayyos yevomevny 
Tupavvioa KATANENUKEL, TOUTOVY ovv TOY *Ava- 
oT davov Tapa Xocponv “lovotiviavos émepurbe 
ypadppara yparpas: eds hou be 7) i ypadn Tae 
“* Buverav pev avO porrav. éott a ols Ta és TO 
Oeiov ixavas Hoyas ToNEmou puopévas aitias, 
aArXws TE wal mpos avdpas Ta wadsota irous, 
cO&ver Travtl aroréuver Bau dévvétov be Kal Ta 
Tod Oeod odhiow avrois pgora TOLOULEDO@Y To- 
A€wea paxns Te Kal Tapaxis adopyas ovdapi 
oveas émire aobau. etpnyny ev yap KaTanv- 
cacw és TodEMoOV tevae ovdeyv mparypa éoTw, eel 
TOV émutnoeupaTov Ta TovnpoTata Kal Tots TOV 


“avOperev atiysotatos evxoha TiWecBar 4 Tay 


19 


21 


Tparydrov. vevouiKe puors. mOAepov dé Kara 
yvounv duableptvors addus € éml Tap elpnyny xe pelv 
avOparors * oiwar ov pddiov eival. KatToL ov 
pev apiy ypampara ovK emirndes yeypappeva 
émixaneis, Tatra Te ywoun avroveum Tavov 
Epunvevew éomovoaxas, ovx nmep hpets Ovavon- 
O&vtes yeypadapen, GN’ 9 oOL TA BeBoudevpeva 
émutehety ovK avev Ties TapaTeTac patos  ete- 
péve Evvoicew Soret. huiv S&€ mdpectw *AXa- 


1 avépémos Haury : &v0péew MSS. 
290 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. iv. 13-21 


And I shall now proceed to tell how the army of the 
Persians invaded the land of the Romans. When 
the Emperor Justinian perceived that Chosroes was 
eager for war, he wished to offer him some counsel 
and to dissuade him from the undertaking. Now it 
happened that a certain man had come to Byzantium 
from the city of Daras, Anastasius by name, well 
known for his sagacity; he it was who had broken 
the tyranny which had been established recently 
in Daras. Justinian therefore wrote a lettér and 
sent it by this Anastasius to Chosroes; and the 
message of the letter was as follows: “It is the 
part of men of discretion and those by whom divine 
things are treated with due respect, when causes of 
war arise, and in particular against men who are in 
the truest sense friends, to exert all their power to 
put an end to them; but it belongs to foolish men 
and. those whe most lightly bring on themselves the 
enmity of Heaven to devise occasions for war and 
insurrection which have no real existence. Now 
to destroy peace and enter upon war is not a difficult 
matter, since the nature of things is such as to make 
the basest activities easy for the most. dishonourable 
men. But when they have brought about war ac- 
cording to their intention, to return again to peace 
is for men, I think, not easy. And yet thou chargest 
me with writing letters which were not written with 
any dark purpose, and thou hast now made haste to 
interpret these with arbitrary judgment, not in the 
sense in which we conceived them when we wrote 
them, but in a way which will be of advantage to 
thee in thy eagerness to carry out thy plans not 
without some pretext. But for us it is possible to 


291 


24 


25 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


povvdapov Secxvivat Tov adv yhv &vayyos Kata- 
dpapovta tHv npetépav épya év orovdais dia- 
mempaxOar avixeota, Ywpiov aroces, ypnwaTav 
aptayas, avOporav govovs te kal avdparo- 
Siapovs TocovT@y TO TANOos, Umép OV GE OvK 
aittacbar jpais, GAN arrodoyetcbar Senoet. Ta 
yap Ttav nodiKnKoTwv éykAjpata ai mpdéets, 
ovx gi didvorat, dnrodor Tos TwéNas. GAA Kal 
ToUT@Y ToLovT@Y dvTwY Hues pev eyecBar Kal 
as THs elpnvns éyvoxapev, cé Sé TodeuNoelovTa 
émt ‘“Pwpyaiovs adaxovoyev avamdaTTew aitias 
ovdapolev piv mpoonxovaas. ¢ikoT@s: of pe 
yap Ta mapovta mepiaTéhrew év oTovdH exovTEs 
Kal opoopa, eyKermevas aToceiovtar Tas él TOdS 
hirous aitias, ods dé o THS Pidias odK apéoKer 
Gecpos, kal Tas ovK ovcas épievtai tropiverOa 
anne. Gra Tadta pev ovde Tos TUYodoW 
weperos, pH TL ye 6) Baciredor, mpérew ay 
Sdfeve. od S€ TovT@v adéuevos cKOTEL pev TO 
pétpov Tav éxatépwOev Kata TOV TéAEMOV aTrO- 
Aovpévov kal Tis av ein Tov EvTecoupéevav THY 
aitiav pépecOar Sixaros, Noyifou Sé rods Spkous, 
ods 67) duocdpuevds! te Kal TA YpnpaTa KouLod- 
pevos, elta atywacas ov Sdéoy Téyvais Tic # 
cogicpact Tapayayel ove dv dvvato: TO yap 
Ociov. xpetccov 7 ekatratacPa TépuKe ™pos 


26 / PJ 6 / ” an > \ X , 
mavtov avipwrtev. . TavTa éme o. Noopons 


> Oé id > \ A a ” 
amevexOévta «cidev, €v pev. TO avTiKa OUTE TL 
\ 
amexpivato ovTe Tov.’Avactdc.iov ametréuapato, 
GAN avrov pévew nvayKater. 
1 §} dpooduevds VG: ditomocdpevos P. 
292 


ee 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. iv. 21-26 


point out that thy Alamoundaras recently overran 
our land and performed outrageous deeds in time of 
peace, to wit, the capture of towns, the seizure of 
property, the massacre and enslavement of such a 
multitude of men, concerning which it will be thy 
duty not to blame us, but to defend thyself.¢ For 
the crimes of those who have done wrong are made 
manifest to their neighbours. by their acts, not by 
their thoughts. But even with these things as they 
are, we have still decided to hold to peace, but we 
hear that thou in thy eagerness to make war upon 
the Romans art fabricating accusations which do not 
belong to us at all. Natural enough, this; for while 
those who are eager to preserve the present order of 
things repel even those charges against their friends 
which are most pressing, those who are not satisfied 
with established friendships exert themselves to 
provide even pretexts which do not exist. But this 
would not, seem to be becoming even to ordinary 
men, much less to kings: But leaving aside these 
things,do thou consider the number of those who 
will be destroyed on. both sides in the course of the 
war, and consider well who. will justly bear the 
blame for those things which will come to pass, and 
ponder upon the oaths which thou didst: take when 
thou didst carry away the money, and consider that 
if, after that, thou wrongly dishonour them by some 
tricks or sophistries, thou wouldst not be able to 
pervert them; for Heaven is too mighty to be 
deceived by any man.” When Chosroes saw this 
message, he neither made any immediate answer nor 
did he dismiss Anastasius, but he compelled him to 
remain there, 


293 


1 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Vv 


"Erretdy) dé 0 ev XeLpov HON om hap yes i Bi 
be Kab déxarov & éT0S érehevTa ‘Tovoriiav@ Baotnet 
THV avroxpaTopa apy EXOVT, Xogpons 0 
KaBdéov € €S vv THv Pwpaiov & dpa Apt apxopev@ 
oTpaTo peyddep éoéBare, THyv TE arépavrov 
Kadoupevny etpnyny Aap Pas édvev. jet Se ov 
KaTa Tv péonv TOY TroTaMeY ydpav, Ga Tov 
Evdparny év bei € éyav. éort be TOD TOTAMOU 
én Oatepa ‘Popator povprov erxarov & Kep- 
KI} LOV émuxanetrat, exupov és Ta parvoTta dp, 
émel “A Boppas pev TOTAMOS peyas evTav0a Tas 
ex Boras eXov TO Evgpatn quapiryvurat, TO 6€ 
povpioy TovTo TOs auth mov TH yovia Keirar 
iv &n Tot mora poi 4 pits moveirar. Kal Teixos 
dé ado puarepov * TOU Ppoupiov €xTOS xX@pav THD 
petakd moTapod éxatépou aTokapBavov Tplrywvov 
évrada appl TO Kupxjovov emriTEnet ONT pa. 620 
8 6 Xoapons ore ppoupiov éOéXwv obra ou) 
exupod amotrerpacbat ovrTe biaBaivew ToTapov 
Evgdparny Stavootpevos, arn’ él Ldpous Te Kal 
Kidixas iévat, ovoev StapedAjoas, émimpoo Dev 
Tov oT par ov HravVE, TpLav TE oxedov TL odop 
PEPOV eulove avoph Tapa tov Evdparou Thy 
ox Env avicas TONEL ZnvoBig emeTuyx aver ip a 
ZnvoBia more Serpapevn THD émovupiay TH ToAeL, 
@S TO €LKOS, €O@KEV. Hv SE 7) ZnvoBia ‘Odovdbov 
yur}, TOV éxelvyn Lapaxnvav dpxovTos, ot ‘Po- 
patos &varTrovdo. éx Tmadaiod Foav. odTos [o] 

1 paxpby VP: pixpdy G, 


294 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. v. 1-6 





V 


Wuewn the winter was already reaching its close, 540 4.. 
and the thirteenth year of the reign of the Emperor 
Justinian was ending, Chosroes, son of Cabades, 
invaded the land of the Romans at the opening of 
spring with a mighty army, and openly broke the 
so-called endless peace. But he did not enter by 
the country between the rivers, but advanced with 
the Euphrates on his right. On the other side 
of the river stands the last Roman stronghold which 
is, called Circesium, an exceedingly strong place, 
since the River Aborras, a large stream, has its mouth 
at. this point and mingles with the Euphrates, and 
this fortress lies exactly in the angle which is made 
by the junction of the two rivers. And a long second 
wall outside the fortress cuts off the land between 
the two rivers, and completes the form of a triangle 
around Circesium. Chosroes, therefore, not wishing 

: to make trial of so strong a fortress and not having 
in mind to cross the River Euphrates, but rather to go 
against the Syrians and Cilicians, without any hesita- 
tion led his army forward, and after advancing for 

what, to an unencumbered traveller, is about a three 
| days’ journey along’ the bank of the Euphrates, he 
| came upon the city of Zenobia; this place Zenobia 
had built in former times, and, as was natural, she 
gave-her name to the city. Now Zenobia was the wife 
| of Odonathus, the ruler of the Saracens of that region, 
who had been on terms of peace with the Romans 





295 





10 


1] 


12 


13 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


‘Odovabos avEetwoarto ‘Popaiors Thy é@av apxny 
bo Mn6ors yevyevnpErmy. adda TadTa pev c 
tots avo Xpovors éyévero. Xogpons dé TOTE 
dyxiord Tou THs Znvo Bias ior, émreL01) TO 
xe plov ouTE a&ihoryov enabler elvat Kal TH 
YOpav Kat evon oe aoiKNT OV Te al mavT@v 
ayad av Epnpov ovaav, Seicas pa Tis oi * x povos 
evradba TpuBels mpagect Heyahais én” ovderi 
epye eT d600s ein, ameTelpadoato pev opororyia TO 
xeplov | édeiv. ws € ovdév mpovyapet, mpooe : 
KaTa TaX0s TOV OTpaToV TAAUVED. 

“Oddv - te adbes Tooavrny avioas dpiero és 
mon Lovpov ™ pos To Evdparn TOTALO obcan, 
ns 87 a ayXorare ryevomevos éoTn.  evTav0a de TO 
imme Evvésn ep ov Oo Xoopons éxdOnro Xpe- 
petioas Té Kal TO TOOL TO eados Kpovew. 0 8 
ob payor EvpBardvres adrooecOar Tod xo piov 
atépatvov. 0 6é oTparoTredeva dpevos éml Tov 
mepiBorov os TELXOMAXNTOV TO oTparevpa 
emayyev. éruyxave 6€ Tis Gvopa ev “Apoanys, 
°A ppevios * dé yévos, Tov évTav0a oTpaTio@Tav 
apYov, os TOUS oTpATLOTas és Tas émadfeus 
avaBiBacas, evOévde TE paxopevos ioxuporara 
Kal modAovs TOV Tohepteov Kreivas, Togevpate 
Arnbels éreAeuTH GE. Kal Tépoae pev TOTE (jv 
yap THS Tpepas owe) as avis TH vaTepaia TEl- 
NOHAXITovTES én) 7d. otparémedov avex@pnrav, 
“Popaior dé a aTOVOVTES, are TeTEAEVTNKOTOS. Chiat 
Too dpxovros, inérauw SievoodyTo Xoapoou syevé- 
Bau: TH ody émiovaon huépa Tov TRS TONEWS 
énicxomov Senodpuevoy Te Kal TO Ywptov eaurn- 


1 rls of VG: ws d P, 
296 


8 aml 2 


™ nO bee 





* 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. v. 6-13 


~ from of old. This Odonathus rescued for the Romans 


the Eastern Empire when it had come under the 
power of the Medes; but this took place in former 
times. Chosroes then came near to Zenobia, but 
upon learning that the place was not important and 
observing that the land was untenanted and destitute 
of all good things, he feared lest any time spent by 
him there would be wasted on an affair of no con- 
sequence and would be a hindrance to great under- 
takings, and he attempted to force the place to 
surrender. But meeting with no success, he hastened 
his march forward. 

After again accomplishing a journey of equal 
extent, he reached the city of Sura, which is on the 
River Euphrates, and stopped very close to it. There 
it happened that the horse on which Chosroes was 
riding neighed and stamped the ground with. his 
foot. And the Magi considered the meaning of this 
incident and announced that the place would be 
captured. Chosroes then made camp and led _ his 
army against the fortifications to assail the wall. Now 
it happened that a certain Arsaces, an Armenian by 
birth, was commander of the soldiers in the town; 
and he made ‘the soldiers mount the parapets, and 
fighting from there most valiantly slew many of the 
enemy, but was himself struck by an arrow and died. 
And then, since it was late in the day, the Persians 
retired to their camp in order to assail the wall again 
on the following day; but the Romans were in despair 
since their leader was -dead, and were purposing to 
make themselves suppliants of Chosroes. On the 
following day, therefore, they sent the bishop of the 
city to plead for them and to beg that the town be 


297 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


a7 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


copevov éreurpav, ds TOV UmnpeTav Tivas éTra- 
‘ \ 
yopevos Gpvis Te PépovTas Kal oivov Kal Kabapovds 
dptous, mapa Xooponv adixeto, és 5 Td edados 
KabjKev avtov cai dedaxpupmévos ixéreve heidecOar 
> , > na \ / ¢ / : 
avOporav oixtpav Kat todews “Papaioi peév 
> , 4 h ee. > , A \ 
atimotaTns, Ilépoais Sé év ovdevi Noy@ ovTE TA 
TpoTepa yeyevnuerns oUTEe UaTEepov ToTE écopmevns* 
AUTpa Té Of TOs Yovpynvors Sacew chav TE 
> n \ / > a > /, 
avTav Kal Tod\ews Hotep oixodow émrakios 
ig / / be oy lal \ re] 
uméayeto. Xoapons d€ Lovpnvots pev yareTras 
elyev, 67t 62) avT@ TMpOToL TEpiTEeTT@KOTES 
€ / ¢ id ba lol , PANG 4 > 
Popaiwy ardavtwv ote TH moder edéEavTo eOe- 
4 3 \ A £2 / eed / 
AOVELOL, AANA KAL aVTALpELY Ol OTTAA TOAMHOAaVTES 
, / r n x4 4 
Tow twa Soxivev Wepoav Suirov extewar. 
THhv pévtor dpynv ov éEnveyKev, aXX’ bd TO 
, > a 4 4 \ Pra 4 : 
mTMpocamr@ akpiBa@s éxpuryer, Stas THY KddNaACW 
> \ 4 ld c / 
és LYoupynvods troincapuevos poBepov te “‘Pwpaiors 
avuTOV Kal dpayoy TWA KaTAaTTHONTAL. OUT@ 
yap oi mpocxwpncew ovderl rove wtmetorrate 
Tovs év Tmoalv del yevnoopévous. did 8) Edv Te 
, a \ eed > / 
dtroppoovvyn TOA} Tov éemicxoTOv éEavéeoTHGE, 
Kal Ta Spa ere TapeixeTd Twa Soxnow 
os apd tois Lovpnvadav dAvVTpos adtixa Kowo- 
oyna opevos Ilepowv Tots Noryipors ed THY Sénotv 
diaOjcetar. ottw te Edy Tots émopévors Tov 
émiokotov ameméuato ovdeuiav THS emtBours 
alcOnow éyovta, Kai of Tov év Tlépoas Soxipov 
Twas TapatouTovs écouévous SnOev TO ROYO 
/ a \ 4 : Sg + cea 
Evvéreuwev. ods 8) AdOpa éxéreve iévar 
a lal a 4 
Eiv avt@ aypt és TO Telxos, TapnyopovyTas Kat 


298 C 








HISTORY OF THE WARS, IL. v. 13-18 


spared ; so he took with him some of his attend- 
ants, who carried fowls and wine and clean loaves, 
and came before Chosroes; there he threw himself 
on the ground, and with tears supplicated him to 
spare a pitiable population and a city altogether with- 
out honour in the eyes of the Romans, and one 
which in past times had never been of any account to 
the Persians, and which never would be such 
thereafter ; and he promised that the men of 
Sura would give him ransom worthy of themselves 
and the city which they inhabited. But Chosroes 
was angry with the townsmen ‘because, being 
the first he had met of all the Romans, they 
had not willingly received him into their city, 
but even daring to raise their arms against him had 
slain a large number, of Persian notables. _However 
he did not disclose his anger, but carefully concealed 
it behind. a smooth. countenance, in order that by 
carrying out the punishment of the inhabitants of 
Sura he might make himself in the eyes of the 
Romans a fearful person and one not to be resisted. 
For by acting in this way he calculated that. those 
who would from time to time come in his way would 
yield to him without trouble. Accordingly with 
great friendliness he caused the bishop to rise, and 
receiving the gifts, gave the impression, in a way, 
that he would immediately confer with the notables 
of the Persians concerning the ransom of the towns- 
men, and would settle their request favourably. 
Thus he dismissed the bishop and his. following with- 
out any suspicion of the plot, and he sent with him 
certain of the mén of note among the Persians, who 
were to be ostensibly an escort. These men he 


secretly commanded to go with him as far as the’ 


299 


. 


19 


21 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Tea ayabais émaipovTas éMrriot, dare auTov 
Kal tovs Edv avT@ amavras xaipovras te Kal 
ovder dedvotas Tots évdov opOjvar. érrerdav dé 
ob puraxes avakXivavTes THV TUM OG Th TONE 
avTovs déxer Oar HEAL, rNiOov Twa 7 Evhov 
TOU Te OvVdOD Kal THs Oupas peraéd pirpavres ov 
Evyxope émitiOecOa, ada. Kal avTovs Tos 
émrOcivar Bovropévors xpovov on Twa eu Trodav 
iotacOat ovK eis waxpav yap avdtois TOV oTpaTOV 
&fpecOa. . 
Tatra ois dvdpdow | ) Xocpons eVTEL- 
Adpevos év TapacKevh TOV oTparov émrovetro, 
Spope Te x@pelv ent TH mony éTav avTos 
onuayyn éxéhevev. émel dé ayxXora. Too TEpt- 
Borou éyévovro, o pev Tépoae Tov émioKoTrov 
doTacdpevor exT Os Ewevov, oi dé Xoupyvol Tept- 
Yaph yeyovora Tov avépa opavres Ev Tem TE 
TOAAH ™ poTrepTr OMevov 7 pos Tov Toenion, 
ah povtiatia aves SvoKdhov an dvrav THY TE 
TuAlOa OAnV avéwyov Kal Tov lepéa Edy Tots 
ETOMEVOLS KPOTOUVTES TE Kal TOAAA evpHmovVTES 
edéEavto. émel Te Amavtes claw éyévovto, Thy 
\ 7 e > / e f ” 
bev TUNMOA @S em Ojoovrtes oi pudaxes aOour, 
ot dé Tépoat ALGov bs avtois Taper kevacTo év 
pécwm éppimtovy. of te hvAaKes €TL _badXov 
@bodvTés Te Kal Bralopevor €EtxvetcOas TH muAOL 
és Tov ovdov ovdapi toxvov. ov pay ovee avot- 
ywovar avrny adds éroApor, érrel T pos Tov TONE- 
pbeov avTny exer Oar Ho Govro. tives 5é ov réOor, 
arra Evrov Tlépoas és TV TuALOa paciv éuBe- 
BrjcOa. ovtw be Loupnvav oxedov TL Tis 
éniBouris noOnpévov, Taphy te TO tavTl 6 


300 








ls 
ri 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. vy. 18-25 


wall, encouraging him and cheering him with fair 
hopes, so that he and all those with him should be 
seen by those inside rejoicing and fearing nothing. 
But when the guards had set the gate open and were 
about to receive them into the city, they were to 
throw a stone or block of wood between the thres- 
hold and the gate and not allow them to shut it, but 
should themselves for a time stand in the way of 


those who wished to close it; for, not long afterwards 


the army would follow them. . 
After giving these directions to the men Chosroes 


.made ready the army, and commanded them to ad- 


vance upon the city on the run whenever he should 
give the signal. So when they came close to the 
fortifications, the Persians bade farewell to the bishop 
and remained outside, and the townsmen, seeing 
that the man was exceedingly happy and that he 
was being escorted in great honour by the enemy, 
forgetting all their difficulties opened the gate wide, 
and received the priest and his following with clap- 
ping of hands and much shouting. And when all 
got inside, the guards began to push the gate in 
order to close it, but the Persians flung down a 
stone, which they had provided, between it and the 
threshold. And the guards pushed and struggled 
still more, but were quite unable to get the gate 
back to the threshold. On the other hand they 
dared not open it again, since they perceived that 
it was held by the enemy. But some say that it was 
not a stone but a block of wood which the Persians 
threw into the gateway. When the townsmen had 
as yet scarcely realized the plot, Chosroes was at 


301 


26 


27 


28 


30 


31 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Xoopons otpatde Kal tiv rudisa ot BadpBapor 
Brac dpevor averréracay, 8’ ohiyou Te Kare 
KpaTos ipo. evOvs pev otv Ovpod 6 Xoo pons 
éxopmevos Tas Te oixias ernioato Kal TOV avo po- 
TOV TOXODS pev KTEivas, TOs 5é NoLTOdS ATray- 
tas év avéparddav momnodpevos Oy@ TupTrO- 
Micas te Eturacav tiv Todw és &aghos Kabet- 
Nev. ot Te TOV! >Avactdowov ameTéurpato, 
‘lovetiwwiav® Bacidel arrayyédre KeNedoas ON. 
Torte yas Xoo pony TOV Ka8déov aTroXuT av eins 
Mera 6é, elTe prravOpwmia eite pido conpuar ia 
eyouevos, 7) yuvarnt xapetdpevos iy én vO vee. 
dopuddwrov eed, _Evgnpiav dvopa, yuvaixa 
yapetny emoumaaro, epwra éEaicvov avuTHs épa- 
obeis (Hy yap Thy dyer €UT peTTns pddora) Spav Tt 
ayabor 6 0 Xoapons tovs Zoupnvovs & eyvo. mépyas 
obv s Lepyovmodw, cy “Papatov KATHKOOV,, ) 
Lepyiou emupavods dryiov eTovUpos éort, TONEWS 
THs. ddovons && kal eikooe Kal éxarov oradiors 
duéxouca, Kewpevn O€ Quris mpos dvEe“wov voTov 
év 7@ BapBapicp KANOULEVO es KdySidov 
TOV TavTH émigKomov _kevtnvapiow voiy Sroxe- 
Alous Te Kal puplous ovras wveicBat TOvs ai 
Nwrous éxédevev. 0 O€ (xpnpara yap ob ou 
épacKev eivar), THD mpagw av TUK pUS dvedvero. 
610 82) avTov o Xoa pons n&iov év BiBrdip THY 
opodoyiav apevra Tod. Sécewv xpave TO bore e 
Ta Yphpata oUTH On odiryov Npnudtov mpoiaclar 
avdparroba tocabra TO THOS. Kavdidos dé 
Kata tadra érole, Kal TO pwev Kpvoiov @pmoXo- 
ynoev éviavtod Seca, Spkous ServoTdtous opo- 


1 ofrw re Tov PH: ode Tov V, rév te G, 
302 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, Il. v. 25-31 


hand with his whole army, and the barbarians forced 
back and flung open the gate, which was soon 
carried by storm. © Straightway, then, Chosroes, 
filled with wrath, plundered the houses and put to 
death great numbers of the population ; all the re- 
mainder he reduced to slavery, and setting fire to the 
whole city razed it to the ground. Then he dis- 
missed Anastasius, bidding him announce to the 
Emperor Justinian where in the world he had left 
Chosroes, son of Cabades. 

Afterwards either through motives of humanity 
or of avarice, or as granting a favour to a woman 
whom he had taken as a captive from the city, 
Euphemia by name, Chosroes decided to show some 
kindness to the inhabitants of Sura; for he had 
conceived for this woman an extraordinary love 
(for she was exceedingly beautiful to look upon), 
and had made her his wedded wife. He _ sent, 
accordingly, to Sergiopolis, a city subject to the 
Romans, named from Sergius, a famous saint, distant 
from the captured city one hundred and twenty-six 
stades and lying to the south of it in the so-called 
Barbarian Plain, and bade Candidus, the bishop of 
the city, purchase the captives, twelve thousand in 
number, for two centenaria. But the bishop, alleging — 
that he had no money, refused absolutely to under- 
take the matter. Chosroes therefore requested him 
to set down in a document the agreement that he 
would give the money at a later time, and thus to 
purchase for a small sum such a multitude of slaves. 
Candidus did as directed, promising to give the 
money within a year, and swore the most dire oaths, 


3°3 


33 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA | 


A / / e toe | / Foe a 
pokes, Cnuiav bé oi ait@ dudpice TavTHY, Hv pr) 
dd0in xpove TO EvyKetpéevm Ta yYpnpata, bu- 
Tracia pev aita Sdcew, adtov Sé iepéa pnKéte 
elvar, ate TA dGpopocpéva HroynKOTA. TadTa 
Kavédidos év ypappateio ypdvvas tods Loupynvods 
a&mravtas édkaBev. av orékyou pév tives SreBiwoar, 

€ \ a > L o 7 ; 
of S€ mréiotor avtéxew TH Evyptrecoton Tadat- 

7 > / 7 > t [A 8 0 4, 
Tapia ovy olot te dvtes Odlyw baoTtepov diepOd- 
pnoav. tavta dvaretpaypévos Xoopons mpocw 
emiye TO OTPaTEUpA. 


VI 


"Erdyxave 5é Od yo Eumpocbev Bacireds apynv 
a oe A / \ / \ 
Ths &@ THY otpatnyida Sved@v Siva; Kal Ta per 
” 2 \ > 4 2 \ vf 
aype és rotapov Eivppadtnv és oO Bedtoapiov 
arokuTav dvowa os Evuracay Thy apynv Ta 
mpotepa ele, Ta Sé evOévde péyps Tov Ileporxav 
Lag a , 2 , a \ Seen 
opioy 7T@ Bovfym émitpéas, ov dy amdaons 
> f fol e;s > n id / > 
éerripéreobar THs édas apxijs, ws Bedrsodpuos é& 
*Iradias émravyjKo, éxéreve. 510 67 0: Bovfns 
anavta Tov otpaTov émopevoy Exwv Ta jer 
mpata ent ths ‘leparodews Enevev- érret bé TA 
Evprecévta Louvpyvois euale, Evyxarécas rods 
‘lepatrodutav mpwrous ereke todde “ Obs peév e& 
avtimddou THs Suvapews Tpos TOvs éTLOVTAS O 
ayov éoTw, és yelpas Tois ToNeulows ex TOU 
evOéos KxaBictacbar ovdév amrerkos, ols dé TaV 
évayTi@v TOAA@ TO OLtadrdo corte KaTadeecTépots 

1 ‘leparéAews Dindorf : iepas réAews MSS. 


304 


ey: 


“HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. v. 31-vi. 3 


specifying that he should receive the following 
punishment if he should not give the money at the 
time agreed upon, that he should pay double the 
amount and should himself be no longer a priest, 
as one who had neglected his sworn promise. And 
after setting down these things in writing, Candidus 
received all the inhabitants of Sura. And some few 
among them survived, but the majority, unable to 
support the misery which had fallen to their lot, 
succumbed soon afterwards. After the settlement 
of this affair Chosroes led his army forward. 


VI 


Ir had happened a little before this that the 
emperor had divided into two parts the military 
command of the East, leaving the portion as far as 
the River Euphrates under the control of Belisarius 
who formerly held the command of the whole, while 
the portion from there as far as the Persian boun- 
dary he entrusted to Bouzes, commanding him to 
take charge of the whole territory of the East until 
Belisarius should return from Italy. Bouzes there- 
fore at first remained at Hierapolis, keeping his 
whole army with him; but when he learned what 
had befallen Sura, he called together the first. men 
of the Hierapolitans and spoke as follows: _“ When- 
ever men are confronted with a struggle against an 
assailant with whom they are evenly matched in 
strength, it is not at all unreasonable that they 
should engage in open conflict with the enemy ; 
but for those who are by comparison much inferior 


395 


VOL. 1. x 





PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


EvpBaiver eivar, pnyavais tice todvs Todepmtous 
mepienOeivy pardrov Evvoice i) éx Tod éudhavods 
dyritac comevors és KivOuvov TiWa ™ podmrov iévat. 
HALKOS HED ovv corw ) Xoapéou oT paros aKovere 
Symrov. iv dé avTos pe TohvopKig Has éFeNeiy 
BovrAnTat, jpets 5 ard Tod Te’yous TOV TOAEMOV 
duevéynopev, Huds pev Ta erritHdera errireinvew 
eixos, Llépoas dé drravta' éx THs hperépas ovdevds 
avrictatovvros KopiverOar. TabTn Te THS TON- 
opKias pnkvvopévns, ovdé apxécey Tov TrepiBorov 
Tals TaY Tohemiov émiBourais olpat, ov 61) 
ETL LAX OT AT OV Tohhaxoae TETUNNKED eivat, Kat 
TL ‘Pepators TOV aVNkET TOV EvpPrjoecOar. nv 
dé ye poipa per Twt TOD aTpaToD TO THS TONEWS 
purdEoper TELXOS, ot dé Aoirrol Tas adi THv 
TONLV Um@pelas catahaBwaowy, evO évde aT age- 
OVTES 7) wey TO TOV évavtiov oTpaTomedor, 11) 
dé Tovs TOV émutnoeloy évexa TTEMNOMEVOUS, 
dvayKkagouce Xoo pony autixa 8) para AUcavTA 
TV T poo edpeiay, THY avayopnow 0 ddrbyou 
momaacbat, ovTe TAS mpoa Boras adeéorepov 
em aryewv TO mepi Boro TAVTENOS exovTa ovTE TL 
TOV avayKaiov oTpaT@ TocoUT@ mopitecOar.” 
tocadta 0 Bovfns eitrav éyew pev Ta Eduopa 
edokev, empage dé tav Sedvtmy ovdév. amonrcEas 
yep el TL év TO ‘Pepatov oT pare SdKtpov 7; 
GTTL@V @XETO. Kal Sqrov tore vis ery avev ovTE 
Tis TOV ev ‘Teparroner ‘Popatov ovTE 6 Tov 
ToruLoV oTpaTos pablely icyuce. TadTA pev ovV 
épépeto THOSE. 


1 @ravta P: dmavras VG. 


306 


—L——a= le 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. vi. 3-8 


to their opponents it will be more advantageous to 
circumvent their enemy by some kind of tricks than 
to array themselves openly against them and thus 
enter into foreseen danger.. How great, now, the 
army of Chosroes is you are assuredly informed. 
And if, with this army, he wishes to capture us by 
siege, and if we carry on the fight from the wall, it 
is probable that, while our supplies will fail us, the 
Persians will secure all they need from our land, 
where there will be no one to oppose them. And if 
the siege is prolonged in this way, I believe too that 
the fortification wall will not withstand the assaults of 
the enemy, for in many places it is most susceptible 
to attack, and thus irreparable harm will come to the 
Romans. But if with a portion of the army we guard 
the wall of the city, while the rest. of us occupy 
the heights about the city, we shall make attacks 
from there at times upon the camp of our antago- 
nists, and at times upon those who are sent out for 
the sake of provisions, and thus compel Chosroes to 
abandon the siege immediately and to make his 
retreat within a short time; for he will not be at 
all able to direct his attack without fear against the 
fortifications, nor to provide any of the necessities 
for so great an army.” So spoke Bouzes; and in his 
words he seemed to set forth the advantageous 
course of action, but of what was necessary he did 
nothing. For he chose out all that portion of the 
Roman army which was of marked excellence and 
was off. And where in the world he was neither 
any of the Romans in Hierapolis) nor the hostile 
army was able to learn. Such, then, was the course 
of these events. 


397 


9 


10 


1] 


12 


13 


14 


15 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Baowreds 5é “lovetinavds muOdpevos Ti 
Tlepody epodor, Deppavov pev evOds Tov averpov 
Tov avrob Edv GoptBe TOAD Tprakootous: érro- 
pévous éxovta Emeprpe, oTparov bé oi ovK és 
paxpav vréoxeto Toddy EpecOai. & Te "Aptto- 
Nevay 6 Teppavos Gp ixopevos TmepiprOe Tov 
méptBoXov dmavra KUKN@, Kal avrod eXUpa pev 
ovTa Ta TOAAA HUpPLTKE (rd Te yap év TO opane’ 
TOTAMOS "Oportns “Tapappet Etprayra Tous emvod- 
ow amopa épyatouevos, kal Ta ey TO avavTer 
xwpious Kpnpvedeow avEx opera, éoBara Tous 
Tmohepious Os hxvoTa Hv), &v Oe TH dxpa ryevOpevos, 

Ny 87 ‘Opoxaciada kane ob Taury ¢ avO por ot 
vevopixacw, em paxa@rarov Karevonoey dv TO KAT 
avrny TELXOS. méT pa yap Tuyxdver Tes evradOd 
7 ovoa, eUpous pev érl meio Tov ixavas Exovea, 
infos dé dAiyeo Tob meptBoov éhaccoupévn. 
éxéXevey ody 7) THY mer pay aTroTeELVvoLEVOUS 
Babiy twa BoOpov appl TO Telxos épyatecr bar, py 
TUS ev0évoe avaBng opevos eal Tov meptBonrov tou, 
n mUpyov péyav TWa Setpapévous évtad0a thy an 
avTov oixodo pilav évaryat TO THS TONES Tel Xe, 
ada Tots TOV oixodopuav GpXLTEKTOR {routed 
TOUT@Y eddKEL OVOETEPA ElvaL. OUTE yap év Xpovep 
Bpaxei €TLTEAH) éveoOau obras eyerpwevns TAS : TOV 
moe ploy épodou, dpxopevol Te TOD epyou TovToU 
Kal ovK €s mépas avTod eErxvotpevoe ovK aro 
ovder 7) #) TOS ToNEpiors evdetiEovrar 6 bmn mote rob 
telxous ohion ToheunTéea ein. Deppavos 6¢ Tavrns 
51) THs évvoias opareis, TA pev mpara oTparov €K 
Bulavtiov Kapaconav érxtrida tia em avr eixev. 
émel S€ ypovov tpiBévtos cuxvod ovTE TIS ex 


308 


| eel 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. vi. 9-15 


But the Emperor Justinian, upon learning of the 
inroad of the Persians, immediately sent his. nephew 
Germanus with three hundred followers in great 
disorder, promising that after no great time a numer- 
ous army would follow. And Germanus, upon reach- 
ing Antioch, went around the whole circuit of the 
wall; and the greater part of it he found secure, 
for along that portion of it which lies on the level 
ground the River Orontes flows, making it every- 
where difficult of access, and the portion which 
is on higher ground rises upon steep hills and is 
quite inaccessible to the enemy; but when he 
attained the highest point, which the men of that 
place are accustomed to call Orocasias, he noticed 
that the wall at that point was very easy to assail. 
For there happens to be in that place a rock, which 
spreads out to a very considerable width, and rises to 
a height only a little less than the fortifications. He 
therefore commanded that they should either cut off 
the rock by making a deep ditch along the wall, lest 
anyone should essay to mount from there upon the 
fortifications,.or that. they should build. upon it a 
great tower and connect its structure with. the wall 
of the city. But to the architects of public buildings 
it seemed that neither one of these things should be 
done. For, as they said, the work would not be 
completed in a short time with the attack of the 
enemy so imminent, while if they began this work 
and did not carry it to completion, they would do 
nothing else than show to the enemy at what point 
in the wall they should make their attack. Germanus, 
though disappointed in this plan, had some hope at 
first because he expected an army from Byzantium. 
But when, after considerable time had passed, no 


329 


16 


17 


18 


19 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Bacihéos otparos adixero ote Oty abik€eras éri- 
S0fos Hv, és dé05 HAVE put) 0 Xoopons mvOdpevos 
Bactréws aveiriov évtadOa civar, mpovpytattepov 
+: € n / > , / 

GdXov oTovody touontar “Avtiyerdy Te Kal 
avrov é&edelv, Kal am avTod TOY GAXoV aTavTaV 
abéuevos Tavtl T@ oTpaT@ ém avtyy lou. Tadra 
kat “Avtioyedow év ved éxovot Bovrjy te bmép 
TovT@y metronuevols Evpupopwtatov | éoker elvar 
Xpypata mpoepévors Xoopon Kivduvov Tov mapov- 
ta Svapvyeiv. 

Méyav toivuv, tov Bepoias éricKorrov, avdpa 
Evverov (érixwpialov yap avtois ériyyave TOTe) 
f / \ > 
Xoopdov Senobpevov méumovow, ds 6) evOévde 
oTarels KatadapBdve: tov Mydwv otparov ‘Tepa- 
ToAews ® ov paxpay atroev. Xoapoyn Te és dvrw 
a \ aN , > 6 s ? tal y 
HKOV TOAAG EALTapeL avOpwTrOVS OLKTELPAL O 
ovTe TL és avTOV Huaptoy ovTe TH Llepoav.oTpa- 
Td olot Te avtiTeive cial. mpérrew yap avOpl Ba- 

f Lal / Ld ~ "4 P es pP \ > 
olhel TavToV hKLoTa Tots UTOX@povar Kal ovdaph 
Cérovow davtitdccecbar érrepBaivew té Kal Bid- 
fecOar, eel ode Tdv viv Spapévav BacidrKov 
TL OVOE ryevvaiov avT@ épyacbeln, Sti 8H od Tapa- 
oxopevos TO “Popaiwy Bacrret Bovdijs twa 
XpovOV, WATE I) THY eipyvnv KpaTivacOaL, Tn av 

Hi Lf 
éxatép@ SoKoin, Ta €s TOV TOAEMOV eK TUD- 

/ e \ > / > / 3 > ef 
OnKns, @s 70. eikos, éEaptvecOal, adr ovTa@S 
> / \ < / > ¢ 
averiakéentws étt “Pwpaiouvs év dmdous. édOor, 

BA fa) / / 2 
om Tod ofetépov Baciréos émictapévov Ta 


1 Evyudopdrarov VG: avaryracdérarov P. 
2 jepardAews VG: iepas wéAcws PH. 


310 


e NR ——EEeEr —_ i I ee i oe 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. vi. 15-19 


army arrived from the emperor nor was expected to 
arrive, he began to fear lest Chosroes, learning that 
the, emperor’s nephew was there, would consider it 
more important than any other thing to capture 


Antioch and himself, and for this reason would 


neglect everything else and come against the city 
with his whole army. The natives of Antioch also 
had these things in mind, and they held a council . 
concerning them, at which it seemed most advisable 
to offer money to Chosroes and thus escape the 
present danger. 

Accordingly they sent Megas, the bishop of 
Beroea, a man of discretion who at that time 
happened to be tarrying among them, to beg for 
mercy from Chosroes; and departing from there he 
came upon the Median army not far from Hiera- 
polis. And coming into the presence of Chosroes, he 
entreated him earnestly to have. pity upon men who 
had committed no offence against him and who were 
not able to hold out against.the Persian army. For 
it was becoming to a king least of all men to trample 
upon and do violence to those who retreated before 
him and were quite unwilling to array themselves 
against him; for not one of the things which he was 
then doing was a kingly or honourable act, because, 
without affording any time for consideration to the 
Roman emperor, so that he might either make the 
peace secure as might seem well to both sovereigns, 
or make his preparations for war in accordance with 
a mutual agreement, as was to be expected, he had 
thus recklessly advanced in arms against the Romans, 
while their emperor did not as yet know what had 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


20 mapovta opict. tadta 6 Xoapons axovaas NOy@ 
EvveT® Tov Tpdtrov fpvOpifecOar trod apabias 
ovdapas layucev, adr’ ert padrov tiv Sedvorav 

21 4) mpoTepov HpOn. Xwpous Te odv nrethnoe KaTa- 
otpéyacba: Kab Ei eas mavtTas, Kat of Tov 
Méyav érecOar Kedevoas és THY leparodw? éerfye 

22 TO oTpdTeupa. ov 5) adixopevos Te Kal évoTpa- 
TOTESEVTAMEVOS, ETrEL)) TOV TE TrEpLBOXOV OXUpOV 
évTa elde Kal otpatiwTav euabe pudAaKTHpLOV 
duapkas exe, ypyjpata tods ‘leparoXitas ATE, 

23 Iladdov épunvéa rap’ adtovs wéuas. o 6é Ilad- 
Ros ovtos éréOpantd Te &v yh TH Popaiwv cal 
els ypampaticTod Tapa ‘Avtioxedow époitncer, 
édéyeto 5é cal “Papaios yévos To €& apxAs elvas. 

24 of 6é padsota pev Kal a audi TO TepLBo 
decpaivovtes, yopav meptBeBrAnpéev@ Tory pé- 
xXpt és TO Spos b TavTn dvéyer, Emevta 5é Kal THY 
yiv adnwrov éyew eOérovtes, ®poroynoav apyv- 

25 pov oTaOua dicyitta Séoew. tote 8) Méyas 
brép Tov édov adrdvtwv KXoaponv ixerevov 
OUKETL aviel, ws avT@ oO Xoapons wporoynae 
déxa Te ypucod KevTnvapia ApecOar Kal Tmaons 
aTadrayncerOa THs “Popatov apyis. 


VII 


1 Odrt@ péev odv éxeivn TH hywépa 6 te Méyas 
> / > \ \ > \ ? 
évOévde amadrayels THY él Ttods *Avtioxéas 
by eS / \ 4 \ b / 
Hravuve Kal 0 Xoopons Ta AUTpa AaBwr és Bépovav 
1 Tepdrodw Dindorf : fepav réaAw VGP, fepay rdAnvsuperscr. 


ts) 


312 


Srp, 


HISTORY OF THE) WARS, IIL. vi. 19-vii. 1 


come, upon them. When Chosroes heard this, he was 
utterly unable by reason of his stupidity to order his 
mind with reason and discretion, but still more than 
before he was lifted up in spirit. He _ therefore 
threatened to destroy all the Syrians and Cilicians, 
and bidding Megas follow him, he led his army to 
Hierapolis. When he had come there and estab- 
lished his camp, since he saw that the fortifications 
were strong and learned that the city was well gar. 
risoned with soldiers, he demanded money from the 
Hierapolitans, sending to them Paulus as interpreter. 
This Paulus had been reared in Roman territory and 
had gone to an elementary school in Antioch, and 
besides he was said to be by birth of Roman extrac- 
tion. But in spite of everything the inhabitants 
were exceedingly fearful for the fortifications, which 
embraced a large tract of land as far as the hill 
which rises there, and besides they wished to pre- 
serve their land unplundered; accordingly they 
agreed to give two thousand pounds of silver. Then 
indeed Megas entreated Chosroes in behalf of all 
the inhabitants of the East, and would not cease his 
entreaty, until Chosroes promised him that he would 
accept ten centenaria of gold and depart from the 
whole Roman empire. 


VII 
Tuus, then, on that day Megas departed thence 


and went on the way to Antioch, while Chosroes after 
receiving the ransom was moving toward Beroea. 


3E3 


2 


9 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


jet. Bépora S&’Avtuyelas pev Kal “lepamdnrews 
petaky Keirar, dvoiv 8é huepav 080 edfov@ avdpl 
éxatépas diéyet. 0 ev otv Méyas ate Edy oriyors 
tial Topevopevos o€vTépov jet, 0 dé Tlepoav 
OTpaTos Molpay del THY Hyioeray THS odod Hvue. 
TeTapTn S€ nuépa 6 pev és AvTidoxeray, ot Sé és TO 
Bepoias mpodcreov HAOov, Kal ypnwata Xoopons 
tous Beposaious tov Ilairov oteiras evOds Erpart- 
Tev, ovX dca Tpds TOV leparodtT av EhaBe povov, 
GN Kal TovTa@v SutrAdova, érel TO Te?YOS avTois* 
ETL LAX OTAT OD ov TOMA) cide. Bepovaior bé 
(Oapy ev yap emt 7 meptBorw ovdapn vetxov) Evv 
mpoOvpia pev vredé~avto aravta dace, di0- 
vinta 8& Sovtes apytpov otabud, Ta Nevrropeva 
didova ovK epacav olot te elvas. éyKerpévov TE 
odiat dia tadtTa Xocpoov, vucrds émiaBovaons és 
TO hpovpiov aravres 5 ev TH aKpoTrorer ott 
Katepuyov Evv tots [aot]? otpati@rass, of 8y 
evravda émt duraxh éretdyato. th b& éemiovan 
Thépa eoTEdovTo ev mpos Xoapoou és THv mokw 
Twes ef TA XpHwata AjWovTat, ot Oé ieee 
TN TOU TEPLBOAOU YEVOMEVOL KEKAELTUEVAS MEV TAS 
TUNaS aTdcas edpov, avOpoTrav.dé ovdevl evTUXEW 
éxovtes TS Bacirel TA Tapovta ahiow éanryyen- 
Nov. Kal Os TO Teixes KrAipaKxas émiO&Tas aTro- 
Tretpacbar THs avodou éKédever, of 5é Kata TadTa 


> / > l4 / > nr > \ 
10 €7roLovuyv. ovodevos TE opiow aAVTLOTATOVYTOS, EVTOS 


11 


Tod mepiBdrov yevomevor Tas pev TdAS KAT 
éfovciavy avéwyov, édéyovto 5&é TH moder Tov TE 
otpatov amavra kal Xooponv avrov. Ovp@ Te 
1 abrois VG: abriis PH. 
2 &AAos VG: om. PH. 


314 


le le 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. vii. 1-11 


This city lies betweem Antioch and Hierapolis, at a 
distance from both of two days’ journey for an unen- 


-eumbered traveller. Now while Megas, who travelled 


with ‘a small company, advanced very quickly, the 
Persian army was accomplishing only one half of the 
distance which he travelled each day. And so on the 
fourth day he reached Antioch, while the Persians 
came to the suburb, of Beroea.. And Chosroes imme- 
diately sent. Paulus and demanded.money of the 
Beroeans, not only as much as he had received from 
the Hierapolitans, but double the amount, since he 
saw that their wall in many places was very vulner- 
able. As for the Berdeans since they could by no 
means place confidence in their fortifications, they 
gladly agreed to give all, but after giving two thousand 
pounds of: silver, they said that they were not able 
to give the remainder. And since Chosroes pressed 
them’on this account, on the’ following night all of 
them fled for refuge into the fortress which is on the 
acropolis together with the soldiers who had been 
stationed there to. guard, the place. And- on >the 
following day men were sent to the city by Chosroes 
in order to receive the money ; but on coming. near 
the fortifications they found all the gates closed, and 
being unable to discover any man, they reported 
the situation to the king. And he commanded them 
to set ladders against the wall and to make trial 
of mounting it, and they did as directed. Then 
since no one opposed them, they got inside the 
fortifications and opened the gates at their leisure, 
and received into the city the whole army and 
Chosroes himself. By this time the king was furious 


315 


12 


13 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


TOAA® O Bacvreds 76n exonev0+ ie tone OXiryou 


SéovTos évérrpnoe macav. és O€ THY dix poTohw 
avaBas ent 70 ppovprov TeLxomayetv éyvo. év- 
Tav0a ot pev ‘Pepatov OT pAaTLOTaL KapTepas 
apuvopevor TOV Tohewov Tivas éxtewov, TO be 
Xoopon evTuynya péya TO Tov Too pkoupevev 
aEvverep yeveo ban EvvéBn, ov 87 ov povot és TO 
povpiov TOUTO, adrAw Evy Te Tots immous Kab Seous 
Tots GXoLS xatépuyon, TAaUTH TE TH oputKpooryia. 
Kataotparnynbevtes € és xivduvov rOov. peas yap 
ovens evradéa THY AS immreov Te Kal HLLovey K 
fawv étépwv ov déov auTny éxTreT@KOTOD, aro 
EnpavOivar EuvéBn TO bdwp. Bepowaiow pev Ta 
Tpaypata Moe Tn él eV. 

‘O 6é Méyas eis Avtidxevay ap ixopevos ay- 
yethas Te Goa oi mpos Xooponv Evuvéxesto, épy@ 
TAavTA émLTEdelW ovdaun érrevOev. éTuyxave yap 
‘Tovotweavos Baovrevs Lodvyny Te Tov ‘“Pov- 
pivov Kal loveavov TOV TOV aTroppnt@v ypap- 
poaréa m péa Bers Tapa Xoo ponv oreinas. dann pyres 
KaNOVGL 70 akiopa TOUTO ‘Popator onk pnt ¥ 
kane Ta amroppnta vevopixacty. ot 8 é és *Avtwo- 
yevav aixdpevor é Ewevov. lovdavos Te, TOV ™ péo- 
Beov Gr epos, Stappndnv a amretTrev admace Xpnwara 
pn Sudovar Tots moheptors, pense Tas Baciréos 
avetabar TONELS, andra Kal TO Teppave duéBarre 
TO dpxrepea "Ed patmiov, & are TO Xoopon évdodvat 
THD ToAW év oroven eXovTa. 610 8) Méyas 
am paxtos aVEXWPNTEV. "Eg paipuos dé, 0 THis *Av- 
Tuoxelas émiaxoros, deioas THD Tlepody é épodov és 
Kidixas 7AGev. od 87 kal Teppavds adixeto ov 


316 


eh 


— 


w 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. vii. 11-18 


with anger and he fired nearly the whole city. He 
then mounted the acropolis and decided to storm the 
fortress. There indeed the Roman soldiers while 
valiantly defending themselves slew some of the 
enemy; but Chosroes was greatly favoured by 
fortune by reason of the folly of the besieged, who 
had not sought refuge in this fortress by themselves, 
but along with all their horses and other animals, 
and by this inconsiderate act they were placed at a 
great disadvantage and began to be in danger. For 
since there was only one spring there and the horses 
and mules and other animals drank from it when 
they should not have done so, it came about that the 
water was exhausted. Such, then, was the situation 


_ of the Beroeans. 


Megas, upon reaching Antioch and. announcing 
the terms arranged by him with Chosroes, failed 
utterly to persuade them to carry out this agreement. 
For it happened that the Emperor Justinian had 
sent John, the son of Rufinus, and Julian, his private ! 


_ secretary, as ambassadors to Chosroes. The person 


holding this office is styled “a secretis’’ by the 
Romans; for secrets they are accustomed to call 
“ secreta.”” These men had reached Antioch and were 
remaining there. Now Julian, one of the ambassa- 
dors, explicitly forbade everybody to give money to 
the enemy, or to purchase the cities of the emperor, 
and besides he denounced to Germanus the chief 
priest Ephraemius, as being eager to deliver over 
the city to Chosroes. For this reason Megas returned 


unsuccessful. But Ephraemius, the bishop of An- 


tioch, fearing the attack of the Persians, went into 
Cilicia. There too came Germanus not long after- 


1 * Secretary of secrets,” 


347 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA,) | 


TOAX® torepov, dAiyous. pév Twas éTayopeEvos, 
Tovs € TAcloTOUS évTAadOa édcas. foie (red 
19 Méyas 6 Kata ‘Tayos és Bépovav Hrov me pueo- 
duvos te Tots Evprecodat Yevopevos HTLATO 
Xogpony eipydo Oat Bepovatous avoova épya, ote 
53, avTov pév és “Avtudxeray ws ert Tais omovdais 
oTeiNele,, TOV Oé mor Ov ovdey TO TapdTray 
AouuNKOTa@V Ta 7é Xpryjpara éAnicato Kal nvay- 
Kace oas avrovs & TOUT@ 61) TO ppoupip 
xabeipEas, oUT@ TE Thy TONY eum pnoas &s 
20 edapos ov déov Kabeire. ™ pos Tatra 0 ) Xoo pons 
amex pivarto ade “ Tottav HEvTOt, @ éraipe, avros 
attios; évrav0a dvaryeacas apes Siatpitpar ov 
yap év TO TeTaypere KaLp@, GAA KaTa mond 
TOUTOU Ye vatepncas Tavov agitat. TtaY 5é cay 
TOMTOV THY aToTiay TL av TIS emt Theta TOV, @ 
BérT1LoTE, pax poroyoin; ot ye TaKT ov  hyeiv 
@poroynKores apyupvov bocew brép THs oPov 
auT ov cwTnpias, ovTm@ Kal. vov emurehety olovTar 
deiy Ta EvyKelpeva, GAN avedny ovUT@ eres 
iaxvi Papanoarres TEPLOPAGLY NUasS OS padoTa 
nvayKacwevous és ppouptou TodopKiav, ds @s opas 
22 Onmrov, cabioracbat. “oi ous ye 62 éyarye Edy Oeois 
Amida Xo onityp borepov ticac0at,' cat Lep- 
cay Tov pot ov déov ™po Tobde ToD Telyous 
ATONONOTOY Tip KoNaow é& Tods aitiovs émt- 
23 tTeNécew.” 6° ev Xoo pons tooabra elev, 0 
Méyas dé apelBerae abe “ Ei HED, Ort Bacireds 
avO pwrrois oixt pois Te cal ariporarols ‘tadTa 


2 


— 


eTLKANELS,” TKOTHTELEY AV TIS, avaryKkn pn dev, 


1 tigac@a MSS. : ricec@a: Herwerden. 
2 érixadre?s Hoeschel : ‘emrixare? MSS. 
318 


2 abe 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II.. vii. 18-23 


wards, taking with him some few nien but leaving 

the most of them in Antioch. Eras 
Megas then came in haste to Beroea, and in vexa- 
tion at what had taken place, he charged Chosroes 
with having treated the Beroeans outrageously; for 
while, as it seemed, he had sent him to Antioch to 
' arrange the treaty, he had both plundered the pro- 
» perty of the citizens, though they had committed no 
+ wrong at all, and had compelled them to shut them- 
selves up in that fortress, and had then set fire to the 
city and razed it to the ground in defiance of right. 
To this Chosroes replied as follows: “ Verily, my 
-~ friend, you yourself are responsible for these things, 
in having compelled us to delay here ; for as_ it, is, 
you have arrived, not at the appointed time, but far 
behind it. And as for the strange conduct of your 
fellow-citizens, my most excellent sir, why should one 
make speeches of great length? For after agreeing 
to give us a fixed amount of silver for their. own 
safety, they even now do not think it necessary to 
| fulfil the agreement, but placing such complete 
confidence in the strength of their position, they are 
disregarding us absolutely, while we are compelled 
to undertake the siege of a fortress, as you surely 
see. But for my part, I have hope that with the 
help of the gods I shal] have vengeance upon them 
shortly, and execute upon the guilty the punishment 
for the Persians whom I have lost wrongfully before 
this wall.” So spoke Chosroes, and Megas replied as 
follows : “If one should consider that as king thou art 
‘naking these charges against men who are in pitiable 
a most dishonoured plight, he would be compelled 
4 ‘“thout a word of protest to agree with what thou 

De 













319 


26 


27 


28 


31 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


avtineyovta rots Seadie Nop omoroyelv’ TH yap 
éEovcig TH GAA Kal TO TO NoYm Kpatew émrecOat 
mépuxev’ iy 5€ To e&f TadAXA crt ocielmeaenines TOV 
adnOh Royov érécOar, oddév av “pir, @ Barihay, 
Sixaiws émricandetv exors: o7ws O€ atavtTa akovcn 
TMpaws. eyo pev yap, ered) amep ’AvtTioyedouy 
emnyyearres, Snrocwv éotdadyv, EBdopuates cour és 
pw heov (ob ti dv yevéoOar Sivaito Paccor;) 
taidTa co. e&erpyacpéva és TaTpiOa THY eunv EvpoD. 
of 6¢ 69 wdvtev Hon TOV TimtwTaToY éxoTayTEs, 
eita és Tov Trepl uyns ayava KabiotavTat uovor, 
Kpelacous, oluat, yeyevnpévor 4 ool Te TO NoLTOV 
TOV Xpnuatov cichéperv. TO yap exTwvivaL TL 
TaV ov TapovTav avOper@ av ovdepia pHyavr) 
yévo.to. tddrar dé toils avOpeTois ed TE Kal 
KAXOS SiOploTal TA TOV TpayLaT@Y ovomaTa: év 
ols xal rdde éotiv, ayvapootvns KexoplaOar 
acOeveray. 1% ev yap TpoTov axoracia és TO 
ayTiteivew yopodca iceicOa, ws TO eiKos, 
elmbev, ) 5é TO THs broupyias abvydt@ és TavTO 
TovuTo éxdepopévn édeciaPar ixavas mépuKer. 
éacov Ttolvuy pas admavta, ® Bacthed, KANpo- 
capévous Ta xelpiora tobTo yoov dépecbar 
mapapvOtov, TO pn Soxely TOV EupmenT@Korav 
hpiv adtovs aitious yevécOar. Kai xphwara pep 
cot dca ANaBav eyes StapKeiv olov, wy TO 

1 abrovs aitlovs Haury : abrois airtois (airias H) MSS. 
320 


aie 


— 


—_— 


we 





; 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. vii. 23-31 


_ hast said; for authority which is unlimited is bound 


by its very nature to carry with it also supremacy 
in argument; but if one be permitted to shake off 
all else and to espouse the truth of the matter, thou 
wouldst have, O King, nothing with which justly to 
reproach us; but mayst thou hear all mildly. First, 
as for me, since the time when I was sent to declare 
to the men of Antioch the message which thou didst 
send them, seven days have passed (and what could 
be done more quickly than this?) and now coming 
into thy presence I find these things accomplished by 
thee against my fatherland ; but these men, having 
already lost all that is most valuable, thereafter have 
only one struggle to engage in—that for life—and 
have come, I think, so to be masters of the situation 
that they can no longer be compelled to pay thee 
any of the money. For to pay a thing which one 
does not possess could not be made possible for a 
man by any device. From of old indeed have the 
names of things been well and suitably distinguished 
by men, and among these distinctions is this, that 
want of power is separated from want of consider- 
ation. For when the latter by reason of intemperance 
of mind proceeds to resistance, it is accustomed to 
be detested, as is natural, but when the former, 
because of the impossibility of performing a service, 
is driven to the same point, it deserves to be pitied. 
Permit, therefore, O King, that, while we receive as 
our portion all the direst misfortunes, we may take 
with us this consolation at least, that we should not 
seem to have been ourselves responsible for the 
things which have befallen us. And as for money, 
consider that what thou hast taken into thy posses- 
sion is sufficient for thee, not weighing this by thy 


. 321 
VOL. I. Y 


é 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA | 


TavTa crab wopevos aEvbpart, annra Thy Bepou- 
32 alwv oxoTrav Svvapr. Tepartépw 5é Aas Budfou 
ponder, pa} mote do&ns ols eye xelpnuas abtvatos 
eivar' TO yap drrepBdd ov de TO dunx ave 
TeTipatau: TO O€ pn) TOUS advvérous ey xerpeiv 
33 KpdticTov. TadTa pev ovy por atroredoynola 
éy TO Tapavtixa tmép avdpav Ttavdc. tp é 
ye Tois Tarait@pows EvyyevécOar Suvatos elnv, 
éyouue av Te Kal ado Tov viv pe NeANOdTOr 
> fal » . a \ / > , € , 
34 eiely.” Ttocadta Tov Méyav cimovta 6 Xoapons 
> \ 3 La > an 3/ a A > . nr . 
és Ty axpoTodw adjKev iévar. os 6) evTavda 
yevopevos kal ta Evprecovta audi TH THYR 
palev admavta, Sebaxpupévos te mapa Xoopony 
= BI / \ \ / Hoe 
adOis adixeto Kal mpnvijs Keipevos ovdey jer 
Beporatows ioxupifeto amonrereipOat Tov mavT@V 
xXpnuatov, pova Sé oi Tov avOp@mav ixéteve 
35 yapicicBar TA copaTa. Tais Te TOD avdpos ddo- 
pupoeaw 0 Xoapons Hypévos thy Sénow émitedH 
€rroveiTo, Kal SLopocdpevos amact Tols €v aKpo~ 
36 Toke Ta Ticta wKe. Beporator Se mapa 
n , fis > } ‘ A 
TocovTov Kivdvvou €dOovTes, amédiTOY TE THD 
axpoTomw amrabeis Kaxav Kal amiovtes @yoVTO 
37 @s éxaotés 7 €BovreTO. TaV O€ oTpAaTLATaV 
Oriyou pev avTois Twes elrroyto, ot Sé mréEioToL 
€GerXovo1or Tapa Xocpony avtoporor HrOov, ére- 
Kaodvres btt On TAS our agers Xpovou pax pod 
opior TO Snpocvoy are, Kal Edy avT@ boTepov 
és Ta [lepo ay On éx@pnaar. 


322 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. vii: 31-37 


position, but with regard to the power of the 
Beroeans. But beyond this do not force us in any 
way, lest perchance thou shouldst seem unable to 
accomplish the thing to which thou hast set thy hand ; 
for excess is always punished by meeting obstacles 
that cannot be overcome, and the best course is not 
to essay the impossible. Let this, then, be my de- 
fence for the moment in. behalf of these men. But if 
I should be able to have converse with the sufferers, 
I should have something else also to say which has 
now escaped me.” So spoke Megas, and Chosroes 
permitted him-to go into the acropolis, And when 
he had gone there and learned all that had happened 
concerning the spring, weeping he came again 
before Chosroes, and lying prone on the ground 
insisted that no money at all was left to the Beroeans, 
and entreated him to grant him only the lives of the 
men. Moved by the tearful entreaties of the man 
Chosroes fulfilled his request, and binding him- 
self by an oath, gave pledges to all on the acropolis. 
Then the Beroeans, after coming into such great 
danger, left the acropolis free from harm, and 
departing went each his own way. Among the 
soldiers some few followed them, but the majority 
came as willing deserters to Chosroes, putting forth 
as their grievance that the government owed them 
their pay for a long time; and with him they later 
went into the land of Persia. 


323 


1 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Vill 


Xoopons 6€ (kal yap oi Méyas ypypata 
épackev ovdauhn metrecxévar “Avtioyéas épew) 
TavTl T® oTpAaT@ em’ avTovs He. “Avtvoxéwv Oé 
tives pev evOevOe Edy Tois ypynwacw éEavacTavTes 
épevyov ws ExaoTos TH edvVaTO. TavTO dé TODTO 
SuevoobvtTo Kal oi Aol Evpwravtes, ef wy peTakv 
HKOVTES OL TOV EV AiBavy TTPATLWT@V ApYovTeEs, 
OcdntisTos Te Kal Monarens, Edy éEaxioxidious 
avdpdow dior te abtods em yppwo ares duex@- 
Avoav. ov bn ov TOAAP VoTepov Kal TO Ilepcav _ 
otpatevpa d\Oev. évtavOa te Sueoxnvnpevot 
€oTpatoTedevoavTo amavtes Tmpos Te Opovtn TO 
TOTAL Kal avTov ov TOAXM aTroGev. Xoapons 
te Ilatdov mapa Tov epiBorov ateikas Tovs 
‘Avtioxeas Xpnwata nret, Séka Xpvcod KevTy- 
varpiay dmarhaynoer ar ev0évéc,! évd hos Te Hy. 
Kal TovToy éAdoow emt TH dvaxeopraet A Wo- 
Mevos. Kal TOTE pey NKOVTES Tapa TOV Xoo pony 
ot m pea Bers, ELTOVTES TE apg Th Suarvoe. THS 
elpnvns ToANa Kab _T pos éxeivou axovaavTes 
dvexXwopnoay. TH Oe émvovey nuépa tav *Avtio- 
xéov 0 OnjjL0s (elol yap ov kareomovias pevol, 
aXNa yehotous TE Kal atatia ixavas é ovTat) 
moAXa &s Tov Xooponv bBpibov Te aTO TOV 
érankewr cal Edv yéedwte axdopm érdOafov: Kal 
IladXov tod mepiBdrov éyyds HKovTa TapawodvTa 

1 Haury suggests év@évde <duodoyar> . 
324 


; 
' 
e 
i 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. viii. 1-7 


, bi VU 


TueEn Chosroes (since Megas said that he had by no Jun 


means persuaded the inhabitants of Antioch to 
bring him the money) went with his whole army 
against them. Some of the population of Antioch 
thereupon departed from there with their money 
and fled as each one could. _ And all the rest likewise 
were purposing to do the same thing, and would 


2. 
540 Mp. 


have done so had not the commanders of the troops ~ 


in Lebanon, Theoctistus and Molatzes, who arrived 
in the meantime with six thousand’ men, fortified 
them with hope and thus prevented their departure. 
Not long after this the Persian army also came. 
There they all pitched their tents and made camp 
fronting on the River Orontes and not very far 
from the stream. Chosroes then sent Paulus up 
beside the fortifications and demanded money from 
the men of Antioch, saying that for ten centenaria ! 
of gold. he would depart from there, and it was ob- 
vious that he would accept even less than this for 
his withdrawal. And on that day their ambassaders 
went before Chosroes, and after speaking at length 
concerning the breaking of the peace and hearing 
much from him, they retired. But on the morrow 
the populace of Antioch (for they are not seriously 
disposed, but are always engaged in jesting and 
disorderly performance) heaped insults upon Chas- 
roes from the battlements and taunted him with 
unseemly laughter; and when Paulus came near 
the fortifications. and exhorted them to purchase 
freedom for themselves and the city for a small 


1 Cf. Book I. xxii. 4. 
325 


10 


11 


12 


13 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


/ a / a b) \ \ ‘ 
TE XPHMaAT@V ohvyor. aopas TE avTOUS Kal THY 


moh aveio Pan, driyou édénoav TokevoavTes 


KTEWAL, eb Ba 7 poid@v epurdtao. 610. 69 Séwv 
TO Ovp@ 0 Xoapons tevxopayetv éyvo. 

TH otv tbotepaia érayayov aravtas Uépoas 
éml TO Tetyos aANOUS pev GAH pos BddXeLW TOD 
ToTapov éxéNevev, avTos dé Tods mWA€iaTOUS TE 
kal apiotous éxwov Kata THY akpav mpooéBadre. 
TavTn yap, OS mor Gumpoobev éppHOn, émiypaxorta- 
Tos 0 TepiBoros Hv. evTadOa ‘Pwpaior (cTevotaTn 
yap % oixodopia éTiyxavey ovca ép As iotd- 
pevoe TOAEpELY E“eAXov) errevdnaoay Tdde. ‘SoKods 
fiaxpas és adAndous Evvdéovtes petakd Tov 
Tupyov éxpéuwv, oUT® TE TOAAM evpuTépas 
5) TavTas Tas Y@pas érrolovy, Orws ett TAELOUS 
ev0evde aptverOar tors Tevxouaxodvtas oloi Te 
aow. ot pev ov Ilépoa ioxupdtata éyKeipevor 
mavraxober TH Tofedpara ovxVa errepTOV, AXAWS 
Te Kal Kara THY THS dx pas vmepBornv. ot 8é 
“Peopaior npbvovTo Suva pet mdon, ov oTPATLOTAL 
povov, Gdda Kal TOD Syjjuov eVTOAMOTaTOL veaviat 
TONNOL. éddKouy 5€é 8 TeLyouaxovdvTeEs evtav0a 
és THY pmaynv éx 00 avtimdhou Tots Tohepious 
cabioracbar. } yep TéTpA, evpeld Tus Kal ty) 
obca Kal aomep ayrureTaypern TO TmepyBorw 
xabdmep ep oparod eivar thy EvuBoryy erroter. 
Kal eb pév Tes eOdponce Tod ‘Popatov oTparod 
Edy Tpraxoatous 20) TE yever bau ToD TeptBorou 
Kal THY TéTpAV éxelvny TpoTepnaas catahaPBeiv 
évOévde <te> Tods éemidvtas amivacba, ovK av 


326 


= 





ee ee es —< e 
~ 


— oe 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. viii. 7-13 


sum of money, they very nearly killed him with 
shots from their bows, and would have done so 


if he had not seen their purpose in time and 


guarded against it. On account of this Chosroes, 
boiling with anger, decided to storm the wall. 

On the following day, accordingly, he led up all 
the Persians against the wall and commanded a 
portion of the army to make assaults at different 
points along the river, and he himself with the most 
of the men and best troops directed an attack 
against the height. For at this place, as has been 
stated by me above, the wall of fortification was most 
vulnerable. Thereupon the Romans, since the 
structure on which they were to stand when fighting 
was very narrow, devised the following remedy. 
Binding together long timbers they suspended them 
between the towers, and in this way they made 
these spaces much broader, in order that still more 
men might be able to ward off the assailants from 
there. So the Persians, pressing on most vigorously 
from ail sides, were sending their arrows thickly 
everywhere, and especially along the crest of the hill. 
Meanwhile the Romans were fighting them back 
with all their strength, not soldiers alone, but also 
many of the most courageous youths of the populace. 
But it appeared that those who were attacking the 
wall there were engaged in a battle on even terms 
with their enemy. For the rock which was broad 
and high and, as it were, drawn up against the 
fortifications caused the conflict to be just as if on 
level ground. And if anyone of the Roman army 
had had the courage to get outside the fortifications 
with three hundred men and to anticipate the enemy 
in seizing this rock and to ward off the assailants 


327 . 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


+? \ n , > , , 
MOTE, Olwal, TPOS TMV TorELiwY és KivOUVOY TWA 


14.) mods HdOev. ob yap elyov bOev oppwpevor 


15 


16 


17 


a ¢ /, \ \ 54 
Tevyouaxotey of BapBapor, Kata Kopudnv ex TE 
THS TéTpas Kal ATO TOD Telyous Bardopevor VOP 
5é (Kal yap ee Avtioxéas Toit TO Mrjdav 

5 iy / 0 1) \ a > + 9 0 
oTPAaT@ atroréabar) ovdevt TodTO és Evvotay HAVE. 
Tov pev ovv Ilepodv, &te Xoopdov tapovtos 
apiot Kal Kpavyh éyKceXevouévou peyddy, vmép 
dtvapw Bralouévov nal ovdéva ois évavtiots 
2 l x ? . Si. , 
évdvdovtwy Kaipov Bate SvacKoTreia bat } purAac- 

\ , / a ~~ e lj 
ceo0a tas Tokeupdtwv Bords, Tov bé Pwpaiev 
Eve wadrov wAHOEL TE TOAA@ Kal OopvB@ auvvo- 
pévwv, ovdK éveyKodaat TO dxO0s ai oxotvor als ai 
doxot Evvdedéato, Sueppdynoav éx« tod aipvidiou 

a an a , 
Kal Edv tais Soxots drravtes Scot avtais épeorn- 

>? \ y bad / n 
Keoav &s TO edados é&érecov TaTdyw TOAXNO. 
ov 67 aicOopevor Kat ddd. “Papaiwy of é&k 
, a ? 2 Ba \ 4 
TUPYOV TOV EXou“evav EuaxyovTo, Kal EvxpPddrEw 
\ \ \ 1) na ” PS @ / @ be 
fev TO Yyeyovos ovdapun Exovtes, SuepOapOar Sé 
TAavTH TO Telos OLdpevor és HUYHY @pyunvTo. TOD 
\ : 
nev ody Sypov veaviat Tordol boot TA TpoTEpa 
/ > / 4 > al c 
mTpos ye GAAHNOUS oTacidlew €v Tois immodpo- 
, > 0 > Py > \ a / / 
plows e@Pecav, émerdy amo Tov TepiBorov KaTé- 

18 an > ? > a € \ 
Bnoav, ovdaph Ehevyov, aX’ avtod Euevor, of Se 
otpatiata: Ev Te Ocoxticot@ Kal Mordrfy edvOds 
él tovs immouvs avabopovtes of 8) évtaddd my 
mapecKkevacpévot éTvyxavov, érl Tas TUAAS aTH- 
Aavvov, BovEnv.avrois ériOpurobvtes Evy oTpaTo 

/ \ 
HKew, COérew Te Kata Tax0s SéEacOar méev avTOVS 


328 


HISTORY OF THE W2&.RS, IL. viii. 13-17 


from there, never, 1 believe, would the city have 
- come into any danger from the enemy. For the 
barbarians had no point from which they could have 
conducted their assault, for they would be exposed 
to missiles from above both from the rock and-from 
the wall; but as it was (for it was fated that Antioch 
be destroyed by this army of the Medes), this idea 
occurred to noone. So then while the Persians were 
fighting beyond their power, since Chosroes was 
present with them and urging them on with a 
mighty cry, giving their opponents not a moment in 
which to look about or guard against the missiles 
discharged.from their bows, and while the Romans, 
in great numbers and with much shouting, were 
defending themselves still more vigorously, the 
ropes with which the beams had been bound 
together, failing to support the weight, suddenly 
broke asunder and the timbers together with all 
those who‘had taken their stand on them fell to the 
ground with a mighty crash. When this was heard 
by other Romans also, who were fighting from the 
adjoining towers, being utterly unable to comprehend 
what had happened, but supposing that the wall 
at this point had been destroyed, they beat a hasty 
retreat. Now many young men of the populace 
who in former times had been accustomed to engage 
in factional strife with each other in the hippodromes 
descended into the city from the fortification wall, 
but they refused to flee and remained where they 
were, while the soldiers with Theoctistus and 
Molatzes_ straightway leaped upon the horses which 
happened to be ready there and rode away to the 
gates, telling the others adale to the effect that 
Bouzes had come with an army and they wished to 


329 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


TH TOAEL, Eby avrots S€ Tovs TroNEpious dpovac Bat. 


18 évradda Tov "Avro éeov ToNAOL pev avopes, 


19 


yuvaikes S€ aca Ev toils tasdiow éml Tas 
y / a 3 \ a oe 
TUAAS SpOm@ TOAA@ Yecav? eiTa TPOS TOV iTTeV 
/ fol 
@Oovmevo. ate ev atevoxwpia TOANH EmiTTov. 
a a \ \ : 
of 5é otpatiOTat THY év Tooly OvdSevds TO TApa- 
, ” a nN / A 
mav perdopuevor Ett paddov 7 mpotepov virepOev 
fal / , / 
TOV KeLmevov AmravTes HNAUVOV, Yéyove TE Povos 
évravbOa Torvs GAAws TE Kal KaTa Tas TUAAS 
auras. 


20 Ot 8é Tlépoat, obdevds ohiow aytictatodyTos, 


wee > bé 91% \ a RS \ r 
Kripakas eriOévtes emt TO Tetyos ovdervl TOV@ 
> / 4 an > / a / 
avéBawov. & Te Tals émadfeot Kata TaxXosS 

/ a 
yevouevot yxpovoy Twa KataBaivew  ovdaph 
by b] \ / ; \ 2 
HOecrXov, GAAA StacKoTOV"EVOLS TE Kal aTOpOU- 

/ 7 > \ \ Py lal if 0 
pévors e@xecav, éuol pev Soxel, mporoyiferOar 
Tas Svoxapias evedpaus Tiol TOV TONELiOV viro- 
tom afovTes. . Ta yap €vT0os TOD meptBodou aro 
THS aKkpas evOvs KarLovTe Proerror] aoiKnros X@pa 
éml WreloTOV oT. Ter pat Te av tynral 


22 avéxovow evTad0a Kal TOTOL Kpnpyoders. éviot 


dé pace Xog poov ywoun ryeryovévar THY MéeAANC LY 


23 Tlépoaus. emery) yap THY TE OUT XwpLaV Karevonae 


Kal Tovs TT paTLaTas pevyovras eldev, eerce pin 
TUL avaykn €K Ths UTaywyns avaar péypavres 
Tpaypara adios TApaaXovrar, eur d8v0t TE 
YEvovTar, av otT@ TUX; mod édeiv dapxatav TE 
Kal doyou akiav Kal mpeTnv “Popaio otoav 
TOV KATA THY Ew TaToY TOACwWY, TAOUT@ TE Kal 
peyéOer Kal rorvavOpwTia Kal KadXrEL Kal TH 


30° 


‘=. -—. 


ee a 
‘ 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. viii. 17-23 


_ receive them quickly into the city, and with them to 


ward off the enemy. Thereupon many of the men of 


“Antioch and all the women with their children made 


a great rush toward the gates; but since they were 
crowded by the horses; being in very narrow 
quarters, they began to fall down. The soldiers, 
however, sparing absolutely no one of those before 
them, all kept riding over the fallen still more 
fiercely than before, and a great many were killed 
there, especially about the gates themselves. 

But the Persians, with no one opposing them, set 
ladders against the wall and mounted with no 
difficulty. And quickly reaching the battlements, 
for a time they were by no means willing to descend, 
but they seemed like men looking about them and 
at a loss what to do, because, as it seems to me, - 
they supposed that the rough ground was _ beset 
with some ambuscades of the enemy. For the land 
inside the fortifications which one traverses imme- 
diately upon descending from the height is an 
uninhabited tract extending for a great distance and 
there are found there rocks which rise to a very great 
height, and steep places. But some say that it 
was by the will of Chosroes that the Persians hesi- 
tated. For when he observed the difficulty of the 
ground and saw the soldiers fleeing, he feared lest by 
reason of some necessity they should turn back from 
their retreat and make trouble for the Persians, and 
thus become an obstacle, as might well happen, in 
the way of his capturing a city which was both 
ancient and of great importance and the first of all 
the cities which the Romans had throughout the 
East both in wealth and in size and in population 
and in beauty and in prosperity of every kind. 


331 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA. 


24 addy evdarpovid. ob Ox, mept éAdooovos Tada 
TOLovpevos dmavra, HOere Tots ‘Peopateov oT pa- 
TLOTALS KaLpoV evdLddovar, ore kat e&€ouvciav TH 
guy xpi Pav. 610 oy) Kal Tats xepat Tots 
pevyouar Tlépoas onpaivovres evexeNeVOVTO gev- 

25 yew @S TaXLoTa. ot ev ovv OT pPAaTLaTat ‘Po- 
pate Eby Tots [arA0xs ] dpxovaw amvovTes 
OXOVTO amavtes Ova TANS ) emt Aaduny a aryet TO 

26 TOV “Avtioxéov 7 podareLov: TAUTNS yap povns, 
TOV dAAwY KATEUNNMMEVOV, am éaXovTo Tépoau: 
Tov oé Snpwov odiryou TLVES Eby Tots oT paTLOTars 

27 Suepuyov. émel, dé Ilépoa dmavras Tovs ‘Po- 
paiwv oTpati@tas e¢ldoov T por Xwpicavras, 
cataBdyres ano THs dixpas éy péoy monet 

28 éyévovTo. evrada dé avtois Tov "Avrioxéov 
veaviat Tool és Xelpas eNOovres . Td _mpara 
Kxabuméprepor eboFay TH Eup Bor elvat. Hoav be 
aur ey TLVES [ev omhirau, 06 be mretoror yupvol 

29 Kal NLOwv Borais yp@mevor povats. @odpevot be 
TOUS Toneplous emardvefov TE cal ‘Tove rwuavov 
Baotréa KANXMVLKOD, aTE VEVLKNKOTES, avéxparyov. 

30 "Ev tovrT@ bé Xog pons év TUPY® TO Kara THD 
ak pay Kab iipevos TOUS m peo Beus £0édcop Tt elTrety 
peterréupato. Kal avtov TeV TIS  apXovran, 0 
ZaBepyavys, olopevos EvuBacews mpl Bovrea bat 
Tots m peo Beow és oyous teva, és Ow Te TO 

31 Baairet KATA TAXOS ire Kal édeEev aoe “ Ody! 
tavTa* pot boxes, @ déorora, ‘Popaios appl 
TH TOUTOY cwoTHpLa YyWaecKeEL. ot pev yap Kab 
™ po TOY nodbvev bBpifovew és Th Baoe- 
elavy THv onv Kal joonuévor ToApOal Te Ta 


1 raira Maltretus: tadra MSS. 
332 


ev 
HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. viii. 23-31 


‘Hence it was that, considering everything else of 


less account, he wished to allow the Roman soldiers 
freely to avail themselves of the chance for flight. 
For this reason too the Persians also made signs to 
the fugitives with their hands, urging them to flee as 
quickly as possible. So the soldiers of the Romans 
together with their commanders took a hasty de- 
parture, all of them, through the gate which leads to 
Daphne, the suburb of Antioch; for from this gate 
alone the Persians kept away while the others were 
seized ; and of the populace some few escaped with 
the soldiers. Then when the Persians saw that all 
the Roman soldiers had gone on, they descended 
from the height.and got into the middle of the city. 
There, however, many of the young men of Antioch 
engaged in battle with them, and at first they 
seemed to have the upper hand in the conflict. 
Some of them were in heavy armour, but the 
majority were unarmed and using only stones as 
missiles. And pushing back the enemy they raised 
the paean, and with shouts proclaimed the Emperor 
Justinian triumphant, as if they had won the victory. 

At this point Chosroes, seated on the tower which 
is on the height, summoned the ambassadors, 
wishing to say something. And one of his officers, 
Zaberganes, thinking that he wished to have words 
with the ambassadors concerning a_ settlement, 
came quickly before the king and spoke as follows : 
“Thou dost not seem to me, O Master, to think 
in the same way as do the Romans concerning the 
safety of these men. For they both before 
fighting offer insults to thy kingdom, and when 
they are defeated dare the impossible and do the 


333 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


apnyava kal Spaot todvs Ilépoas avixerta épya, 
@aotrep SedioTes pj Tes avTois Tapa col pidav- 
Opwmias Aereiperat Adyos: ad 6é TOvS TE 
cotecOar ovx akvodvtas édeciv Botner, Kal deide- 


32 cOar TOY ovdapij eOedovTav éomovdakas. oi Oe 


™ podoxioavres év adovon T TONEL TOUS VEVURNKOTAS 
evéSpais tic SxapOelpover, — KaLT Ep dn ayTov 


33 avTois mddar TepevydT@V oTpaTLw@TOV. TavTA 


6 Xoapons axovoas, THY aplot@v TONXOdS er” 
avTovs émepurpev, of ovK és paKxpav émavyiKoVTES 


34 ovdev EvpBivar Pradpov annyyedrov. On yap 


"AvTioxéas Tépoas Biacdpevor Tj Oee erpeypavTo, 
Kal yéyove povos évTav0a modus. ol ya. Tlépoae 
ovoeuias ALKias perdopevor Tous €v Tool 


35 Gmravtas n3ndov éxtewov. Tote pact yuvaixas 


1 


TOY <éy> “Avtioxebow éripavav ovo yevéa Bau 
pev é&w Tov meptBorov, aia opévas dé ws vd 
Tots Tohepious yevnoovTar ( (TAVTAX OTE yap HON 
TepuuovTes. xabewpavro) Spou@ pev Tapa [Tov] 
TOT apov "Opovrny énOetv, poBoupévas 6é pay Te 
opas és TO cpa UBplower Tlépoas, Tats Te Ka- 
Aum pals eynahupapevas Ta T por wma Kal €s TO 
TOU ToTapod pebpa eumecovoas adavic Oivar, 
ovT@ Taca Kaxov Tos Avtioxéas idéa Eyer. 


IX 


"Evravéa o Xoo pons Tos mpéo Beow ddeke 
Toudbe = Ovx eo TOU adn Bods TOV TmaNaLov doyor: 
olopar eivar, 6tt On OK axpardvh Tayaba o Geos, 


334 





ts 
J 
: 
\: 
4 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. viii. 31-ix. 1 


Persians irreparable harm, as if fearing lest some 


reason for shewing them humanity should be 
left in thee; but thou art wishing to pity those 
who do’ not ask to be saved, and hast shewn 
zeal to spare those who by no means wish it. 
Meanwhile these men have set an ambush in a 
captured city and are destroying the victors by 
means of snares, although all the soldiers have long 
since fled from them.’’ When Chosroes heard this, 
he sent a large number of the best troops against 
them, and these not long afterwards returned 
and announced that nothing untoward had come 
to pass. For already the Persians had forced back 
the citizens by their numbers and turned them to 
flight, and a great slaughter took place there. For 
the Persians did not spare persons of any age and were 
slaying all whom they met, old and young alike. At 
that time they say that two women of those who 
were illustrious in Antioch got outside the fortifica- 
tions, but perceiving that they would fall into the 
hands of the enemy (for they were already plainly 
seen going about everywhere), went running to the 
River Orontes, and, fearing lest the Persians should do 
them some insult, they covered their faces with their 
veils and threw themselves into the river's current 
and were carried out of sight. Thus the inhabitants of 
Antioch were visited with every form of misfortune, 


IX 


Tuen Chosroes spoke to the ambassadors as 
follows: “Not far from the truth, I think, is the 
ancient saying that God does not give blessings 


335 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


a al 3 
GarAa Kepavviwvy avTad Tols KaKols Eeita Tots 
7 \ \ fal 
avOpwetrow TapéxeTat. Kal dv avTO OVE TO Yehav 
akdavotov éxouev, Taparémnye O€ Tus del Tots 
\ > / / La] ea 56 la) rv 
bev evTUXHnpaATL Tupopa, Tals O€ Hoovais AUTH, 
ovK e@cal twa yvnolas moTé Ths Sedomévns 
evnpepias amovacGat. Tod yap TtHvde, akto- 
NKEP a eS ae Yop : HVOE, 
> 
oywTtadtnvy és Ta padioTa Reyouéevny Te Kal 
ovoav &v yh TH “Popaiwv, arovetata pev édeiv 
ioxvoa, Tov Oeod avtooxedidoavtos piv, @F 
opaire Syrov, THY vinny. ovov pevrot (dvOporrov 
opavtTl por TocovTa@V TO TAHOOS, aipati Te TOANO 
BeBarricpévov TO TpoTratov, oddepia THS dmb} 
Ths mpakews Hdovis yéyovev alaOnows. Kal TOvbE 
oi tadaitwpo. ’Avtioyeis aitior, of ye TeLxo- 
paxovvtas pev ovx oboi te yeyovacr Llépoas 
dndcacbat, ™pos dé verixnkdtas On Kal avto Boel 
THY TOMY édOVTAS Opdoes Javarovres droyior@ 


Cuyopaxel & éyvecar. TAVTES [Lev ODD ol Tepady 
SoKtpor TOANG evox obyTes caynvedoal Té He. THD 


TONwW n&iouv Kal Evpmravras Sap Oeipac TOUS iro- 


KOTaS, eyo dé Tovs pevyovtas éxéhevov els TH. 
UTayoyny ere paiddov oppay, éTrws OTe TaXoTa 
catowro. TO yap ere Paiver Tots iwKoow ux, 
Bovov.’ TOT avTAa MeV O Xoo pons TEpaTevopmevos Te 
Kal dial pur opevos Tots m péo Beow elmrev, ovK 
érabe EVTOL avTovs éTov &exa Tov Katpov 
pevryoucr | tois ‘Pwpaiors évdoin. 

“Hp yap Seworaros avOparav amdvtav Ta 
bev ovK OvTa eitreiy, TA O€ GANOH arroxpi\acba, 


1 ris ard affert Dindorf MS. a: 7d ard VG, ais amd P. 
336 


st | ii i 


a - -_ Cl a 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. ix. 1-8 


unmixed, but He mingles them with troubles and 
then bestows them upon men. And for this reason we 
do not even have laughter without tears, but there 
is always attached to our successes some misfortune, 
and to our pleasures pain, not permitting anyone 
to enjoy in its purity such good fortune as is 
granted. For this city, which is of altogether pre- 
eminent importance in fact as well as in name in the 
land of the Romans I have indeed succeeded in 
capturing with the least exertion, since God has 
provided: the victory all at once for us, as you doubt- 
less see. ' But when I behold the massacre of such 
a rauiltitade of men, and the victory thus drenched 
with blood, there arises in me no sense of the 
delight that should follow my achievement. And 
for this the wretched men of Antioch are to blame, 
for when the Persians were storming the wall they 


_ did not prove able to keep them back, and then 


when they had already triumphed and had captured 
the city at the first cry these men. with un- 
reasonea daring sought to die fighting against them 
in close combat. So while all the notables of the 
Persians were harassing me unceasingly with their 
demand that I should drag the city as with anet and 
destroy all the captives, I was commanding the 
fugitives to press on still more in their flight, in 
order that they might save themselves as quickly as 
possible. For to trample upon captives is not holy.” 
Such high-sounding and airy words did Chosroes speak 
to the ambassadors, but nevertheless it did not escape 
them why he gave time to the Romans in their flight. 

For he was the cleverest of all men at saying that 
which was not, and in concealing the truth, and in 


337 
VOL. I. Zz 


10 


1] 


12 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


\ a 2- .\ > / \ > 7 a > 
Kal ov avtos éEnudprave Tas aitias Tols noiKN- 
pévois erreveyxety: ett b€ Oporoynoar pev eroLpos 
amavta kat bpx@ THY oporoyliay mictocacbaL, 
/ \ a 4 > An A 
Miav € TaY &ayyxos a’T@ EvyKeypévoy Te Kal 
> / € / > 40 BJ nr 0 1 ar 
opmpocpévav éEToLoTepos €s AHOnv adixOas,} K 
Xpnudtov yey &vexev él wav adyos Kabeivar THY 
ux adoxvos, TO Sé mpocdT@ oynpativerBat 
tiv edr\dBeav atexvas Ewrepos, apoowda Cat 
lal \ a MEAS 
Te TO Oyo THY Tpakw. ds? Kal Youpyvods, 
/ \ \ 4 , 
TMpoTepov ovoey TO TapdTrav HoLKNKOTAS, ddr@ 
¢ , n A 
Te TepleNav Kal TpdT@ aTroNécas TO Elpnueve, 
émelon) yuvaixa Koopiay Te Kal ovK adavih) adu- 
oKopevns THS Torews eidev Ex Yerpos pev THS 
apirtepas mpos tov Tov BapBdpwv édxopévny 
\ a / OL be 4 2 IA)! a 
Evv ToddH Bia, wardiov dé OrEp avTH apt TOV 
TiT000 <tw>* atradnrayev adeivar pev ov Bovro- 
pévnv, EXxovoav Sé Oatépa xeipl ewreTT@Kos 
> Loy > / e / > / 
els TO GOados, érel oi Evytpéyew ovx otov Te Hv 
Todtov 6) Tov Biatov Spopov, Tov oiKetoy Kapy- 
tava evdédextar TpoTov. . pact yap avTov ote- 
vaktavta SHOev TH DAOyo, Soxnoiv Te @s Ein 
dedaxpupévos Tapexopuevov Tols TOTe Tapodow 
adnrows te kal “Avactacip TH mpeoBevTH, ev- 
EacOar Tov Oedv TticacOar TOV TOY yeyovoTar 
a \ ¢ 
Kaxa@v aitiov. “lovatuavoy 6& Tov “Popaior 
3 / na + > / 
avToxpaTopa Tapadnrobyv nOerev, éLeTricTapevos 
étt On avTos aitiwtaTos amavTwY cin. TocavTn 
, , > / / / 
xXpopevos pvcews atoTia Xoapdns Bacireds Te 
1 GpixOa: P: aplxda V, éAdeivy G. 2s P: as VG. 
3 <jv> Haury: om. MSS. 


338 


_ HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. ix. 8-12 


attributing the blame for the wrongs which he com- 
mitted, to those who suffered the wrong; besides 
he was ready to agree to everything and to pledge 
the agreement with an oath, and much more ready 
to forget completely the things lately agreed to 
and sworn to by him, and for the sake of money 
to debase his soul without reluctance to every act of 
_ pollution—a past master at feigning piety in his 
countenance, and absolving himself in words from 
the responsibility of the act. This man well dis- 
played his own peculiar character on a . certain 
occasion at Sura} for after he had hoodwinked the 
inhabitants of the city by a trick and had destroyed 
them in the manner which I have described, al- 
though they had previously done him no wrong at 
all, he saw, while the city was being captured, a 
comely woman and one not of lowly station being | 
dragged by her left hand with great violence by one 
of the barbarians ; and the child, which she had only 
lately weaned, she was unwilling to let go, but was 
dragging it with her other hand, fallen, as it was, tothe 
| ground since it was not able to keep pace with that 
| violent running. And they say that he uttered a — 
\ pretended groan, and making it appear to all who | 
_\ were present at that time including Anastasius the 
. ambassador that he was all in tears, he prayed God 
; to exact vengeance from the man who was guilty of 
the troubles which had come to pass. Now Justinian, 
_| the Emperor of the Romans, was the one whom he 
_| wished to have understood, though he knew well 
that he himself was most responsible for everything. 
Endowed with such a singular nature Chosroes bot 


339 
Zz 2 


13 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESA REA 


Ilepo av yéyove (Zdpou tov dpOarpov tod Sdat~ 
poviov TnpwcarTos, boTEep TH Ypov@ TA TpwTEia 
? \ , > / \ / 
és THY Bacireiav épépeto peta ye Tov Kaoony, 
4 > \ / ach 5 A \ / 
évTep ovdert AOyw euicer KaBddns) Kal move 
ovdevl TOY of émavacTdvTwY éxpadTnae, KAKA TE 
“‘Papatious dca éBovrevcev edrretas eSpace. PBov- 
opévyn yap twa péyav adel Troveiv ) TUYN TpdooeE 
tois KaOnKovor xpovois Ta SdEavta, oddevds TH 
ptpn THs BovAncews avtictatodyTos, ovTE TO 
ToD avopos SdiacKkoTroupévn akiwpa ovTe OTas 
\ gl / lal > / / 2 
py yévntat. TL TOV ov SedvTwv RAoyiLopévyn, OvOE 
dtt Braodnuncovow és adthy Sia Tadta Todo, 
TO yeyovos avTh Tapa thy akiay Tod THs xapiTOS 
/ / 2>QO\ » n / 
TETUYNKOTOS YAEUACOVTES, OSE AAO THY TaYT@V 


>Q\ > a / x \ / > A / 
- ovdév €v v@ TroLoupévn, hv. To SdEav avTH Trepat- 


14 


15 


16 


17 


voiTo “ovov. GaAdrja TavTAa pev bry TO Oe@ pirov 
ex éTo. 

Xoapons 5& 76 wey oTparevpa Tov ’Avtiyewv 
Tovs teptovTas Cwrypeiv nal avdparrodivew éxéneve 
kal Ta XpHpara mara Anifes Bar, avros be Edy 
Tots m peo Beow és TO lepov and THS akpas 
KatéBawer, Orep éxednotav KaovoW. évravéa 
Kern a xpurod Te Kal apyopou TocavTa TO 
THIS 6 Xoo pons ev pey, @oTe THS elas aro 
oveev OTL pn TA KELULHnLA TavTa AaBov m™NOUTOU 
Te péeyeos meptBeBAnyEvos aTLOV WXETO. Kal 
pappapa Te TOA Kal Oavpacra Oeke 3 adpehov 
ef TOU meptBorov eKENEVE catarTidecOau, OTwsS 
Kal Tadra és Ta Tlepo dv HOn Koplc@vTal. TavTa 
SuaTreTpaypévos Evwracav tiv modu éwmphoar 


349 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. ix. 12-17 


became King of the Persians (for ill fortune had 
deprived Zames of his eye, he who in point of years 
had first right to the kingdom, at any rate after 
Caoses, whom Cabades for no good reason hated), 
and with no. difficulty he conquered those who 
revolted against him, and all the harm which he 
purposed to do the Romans he accomplished easily. 
For every time when Fortune wishes to make a man 
great, she does at the fitting times those things 
which she has decided upon, with no one standing 
against the force of her will; and she neither 
regards the man’s station, nor purposes to prevent 
the occurrence of things. which ought not to be, nor 
does she give heed that many will blaspheme against 
her because of these things, mocking scornfully at 
that which has been done by her contrary to the 
deserts of the man who receives her favour; nor 
does she take into consideration anything else at all, 
if only she accomplish the thing which has been 
decided upon by her. But as for these matters, 
let them be as God wishes. 

Chosroes commanded the army to capture and 
enslave the survivors of the population of Antioch, 
and to plunder all the property, while he hiniself 
with the ambassadors descended from the height to 
the sanctuary which they call a church. There 
Chosroes found stores of gold and silver so great in 
amount that, though he took no other part of the 
booty except these stores, he departed possessed of 
enormous wéalth. And he took down from there 
many wonderful marblés and ordered them to be 
deposited outside the fortifications, in order that they 
might convey these too to the land of Persia. When 
he had finished these things, he gave orders to the 


341 


18 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Ilépcais érréotednre.t Kal avtoo ol Tm péa Bets 
edéovTo THs éxxdnolas améxer Oa povns, HS Ta 
AUTpA KeKopic mévos SiapKas ei. ) be TobTo 
TOUS T péo Beor Evyxeywpnxos Tara Kalew éKé- 
Aeve TavTa, odUyous Té Twas avrobe QTOANLT OV 
Tovs THY TOW eum pncovTas, aur os Eby Tos 
ado anaow és TO oT par omedov aTrexXopnaev 
ov Kal Tpotepov. SiecKnvnpevos eTUYYavov. 


x 


Tovtou tod mdOous _Xpovp Toh ™pOoTepov Tépas 
0 eds evderEdpevos Tois TAUTY GKNMEVOLS éonunve 
Ta €oopeva,. TOV yap oTpATLOTOV, oimep évrabda 
€x Taravod iSpuvtar, Ta onpeta TpoTepov coTara 
mpos SvovTa Tou Tov HALOv, aro TavTopdrou 
oT papevta T pos avioxovTa A ALov eornoay, és 
raEw Te avis érravijcov TY mT porépav ovdevos 
dxpapévov. Tadta ol oTpaTi@Tat AdXoOLs TE TOK- 
Rois ayxioTd TH Tapodot Kal TO xXopny@ Ths 
Tob oT patotédouv damdvns Sekar, € ere TOD on- 
petov Kpadawvopevov. iy dé obros avnp, Ta- 
TLAVvOS dvopma, Euveros pdduora, ek Mowoveorias 
OppL@pevos. GvXrX ovd a eyvecay oi 70 Tépas 
TobTo Wovres os én éK Baothéws TOU éoTTEpLouv 
éml Tov é@ov TO TOD Xwpiou apigerar KpaTos, 
Orrws Snrady Sapuyety pended unyavy Sivevtat 
ovoTep éder TaDTA amep EvvvexOn maveip. 

‘Ey dé ayy ma0os TocovTOV ypadeav TE 
kal Taparéutov és pvipny TH wéNOVTL Xpovees 


1 éréoredAAe VP: éxéAeve G. 
342 


Dill = 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. ix. 17-x. 4 


_ Persians to burn the whole city. And the ambassa- 


dors begged him to withhold his hand only from the 
church, for which he had carried away ransom in 
abundance. This he granted to the ambassadors, but 
gave orders to burn everything else; then, leaving 
there a few men who were to fire the city, he 
himself with all the rest retired to the camp where 
they had previously set up their tents. 


X 


A suort time before this calamity God displayed a 
sign to the inhabitants of that city, by which He 
indicated the things which were to be. For the 
standards of the soldiers who had been stationed 
there for a long time had been standing previously’ 
toward the west, but of their own accord they turned 
and stood toward the east, and then returned again 
to their former position untouched by anyone. This 
the soldiers showed to many who were near at hand 
and among them the manager of finances in the camp, 
while the standards were still trembling. This man, 
Tatianus by name, was an especially discreet pe 
a native of Mopsuestia. But even so those who saw 
this sign did not recognize that the mastery of the 


‘place would pass from the western to the eastern 


king, in order, evidently, that escape might be 
utterly impossible for those who were bound to 
suffer those things which came to pass. 

But I become dizzy as I write of such a great 
calamity and transmit it to future times, and I am 


343 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Kal ovK exo eldevar Tl TOTE dpa Bovropév 
TO dep el Tparypara pee avdpos 7 n x@piov TOU 
émratpew eis Dros, adOus b& purtety te adTa Kal 
agavifer é& ovdewwas hp parvopévns aitias. 

5 avTo yap ov Oéus elrely a) ody! aravTa Kat 
Aéyov ael yiyve Ban, 0 ds 8 Kat “Avridxerav TOTE 
tréstn és TO edados pos avdpos dvoowmTarou 
Katapepopévny. ideiv, Hs TO Te KaXXOS Kal TO és 
adnavTa peyadotpeTés ovd€ viv atoxpuTTec Oat 
TavTaTacw éoyxev. 

6 ‘H pev obv exxdyota cabarpebeians THS TOMS 
éNeihOn povn, Tove Te Kal Tm povoig Epo OD ols 

7 TO epryov éréxerto ToOTO. ereih noav 6é wal 
appl TO eyo pevov Kepatatov oikias TOAAAL, OVK 
eK mpovoias avO porrav TWOS, GAN émel exewTd 
Tov Tpos é€aydTow Ths _ToAEws, erépas avrais 
ovdepias TwVOS oikobopmias Ewvarrropuévys, TO md 

8 <és>! adras efuaveta Bat ovdayh loxveev. éve- 

™ pno dv Te Kal Ta eKTOS TOU TmeptBorou ot 
BapBapor, my TOU fepod Orrep "Toudave avet- 
Tat ayio, Kal TOV oixray at on appl To lepov 

9 ToOUTO TuUyXdvovoW ovaaL. TOdS yap ™ péa Bets 
evtav0a caTarvaat Euvérece, TOU [eVTOL TEpt~ 
Bono’ TavTamacw améaXovto Tlépoat. 

10 ‘Odiryp be votepov HKovtes adOis apa Tov 
Xocponv oi Aeaiier éreEav abe, “ Ei 7) ™ pos 
mapovra a, Bacired, of dovyor éyivovto, OvK 
ay TOTE byueba Xoo pony Tov KaBddou és yy 
TH “Papaiwv év bros Heer, aTipacavTa bev 
TOvS S10 Lo poo pévous gol vay os OpKous, } Tay 
év avOpeéros andvtwav botatov Te Kal dXUpe- 

1 <és> Haury: éx’ Maltretus, om. MSS. 


344 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. x. 4-10 


unable to understand why indeed it should be 
the will of God to exalt on high the fortunes of a man 
or of a place, and then to cast them down and 
destroy them for no cause which appears to us. For 


_. itis wrong to say that with Him all things are not 


always done with reason, though he then endured to 
see Antioch brought down to the ground at the 
hands of a most unholy man, a city whose beauty 
and grandeur in every respect could not even so be 
utterly concealed. 

So, then, after the city had been destroyed, the 
church was left solitary, thanks to the activity and 
foresight of the Persians to whom this work was as- 
signed. And there were also left about the so-called 
Cerataeum many houses, not because of the foresight 
of any man, but, since they were situated at the 
extremity of the city, and not connected with any 
other building, the fire failed entirely to reach them. 
The barbarians burned also the parts outside the 
fortifications, except the sanctuary which is dedicated 
to St. Julianus and the houses which stand about 
this sanctuary. For it happened that the ambas- 
sadors had taken up their lodgings there. As for 
the fortifications, the Persians left them wholly 
untouched. 

A little later the. ambassadors again came to 
Chosroes and spoke as follows: “If our words were 
not addressed to thee in thy presence, O King, we 
should never believe that Chosroes, the son of 
Cabades, had come into the land of the Romans in 
arms, dishonouring the oaths which have recently 
been sworn by thee—for such pledges are regarded 
as the last and most firm security of all things among 


345 


1 


— 


12 


13 


14 


15 


16 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


TATOV €lVvaL Soxet THS &> GAAHNOUS migTews Te Kal 
arn Geias evexupor, SiadvoayTa O€ Tas omoveds, 
av y} éimls dmonENevT TAL pov7) Tots Oa Thy ev 
TOE LD Karon paryiay ovK. év 7@ aapanei Buo- 
Tevovow. ov yap. adrro ovdéev 70 TOLOUTOV elmou 
Tis ay eivar TOV avOpeTeD Thy Siaerav € és Tay 
Tov Onpiov petaBeBrho Gar. év yap TO pn dap) 
omévdeaOat TO TmoAe ety dm épavra. NeNelyperat 
TAaVTOS,* TONE MOS 8 6 0 mépas ovK EXoov eEouxi few 
THs pucews TOUS avTO Xpopévous és del mépuxe. 
Ti Oé kal Bovndébpevos ™ pos Tov cov aberp ov 
OAbry@ mpdTEpov yeypapas as avros el TOD NEAU- 
bat Tas oTOVvdaS aitLos; D) Sion 6 bTL Opmodoyav 
KaKOV TL Tappeyebes elvat THY TOV oTrovoay 
vow; Eb pev ovv exeivos ovdey Tipaprev, ov 
Sixatos TaVvov eg’ Huas Hrewss et O€ TL TOLODTOV 
T. Ber * TO 0@ cipydabar EvpBaiver, adda Kal 
col péexpe rovTou ye Kab pn TEparTepa dia- 
mem pax Oo TO Eye Mas dws avTos Kpeiooov 
eivat Soxfis.® ) yap év Tots KaKots éNaT rou MEVvos, 
ovTos adv év Tols apuetvoot vixen SiKaiws. KatToL 
rhpets efemuatdpeba ‘Toveriviavov Baciréa ponde- 
TOTOTE THS elpnvns am’ évavtias éeAmrud eva, Kab 
cov Seopeba 1) Tovabra épydcacbat ‘Popatous 
card, €& ov Ilépcais pev dvnows ovdepia éorat, 
ov be TOUTO xepdavets povov, aVIKETTA. épya 
TOUS apr ool OT ELTAMEVOUS ov déov eipyaoOat.” 
Ot mev T péo Bers Tocaira elmrov. 

Xoo pons dé TavTa aKxovaas taxupitero bev TAS 
amoveas mpos lovetiviavod Bacidéws NeAvoOau: 

1 rdvtws VGP corr. : mdvras P pr. m. 


2 adeApG VG: TE adeAoG P. 
346 3 Soxfs Dindorf: doxets MSS. 


a 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. x. 10-16 


~ men to guarantee mutual trust and_ truthfulness— 


and breaking the treaty, though hope in treaties is 
the only thing left to those who are living in in- 
security because of the evil deeds of war. For one 
might say of such a state of affairs that it is nothing 
else than the transformation of the habits of men 


- into those of beasts. For in a time wher no treaties 


at all are made, there will remain certainly war with- 
out end, and war which has no end is always calcu- 
lated to estrange from their proper nature those who 
engage in it. { With what intent, moreover, didst 
thou write to thy brother not long ago that he him- 
self was responsible for the breaking of the treaty? 
Was it not obviously with the admission that the 
breaking of treaties is an exceedingly great evil? If 
therefore he has done no wrong, thou art not acting 
justly now in coming against us; but if it happen 
that thy brother has done any such thing, yet let thy 
complaint have its fulfilment thus far, and go no 
farther, that thou mayst show thyself superior. For 
he who submits to be worsted in evil things would in 
better things justly be victorious. And yet we know 
well that the Emperor Justinian has never gone con- 
trary to the treaty, and we entreat thee not to do 
the Romans such harm, from which there will be no 
advantage to the Persians, and thou wilt gain only 
this, that thou wilt have wrongfully wrought deeds 
of irreparable harm upon those who have recently 
made peace with thee.” So spoke the ambassadors. 
And Chosroes, upon hearing this, insisted that 
the treaty had been broken by the Emperor 


347 


17 


18 


19 


20 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


\ \ > 7 } a > fal , 

Kal tas aitias KatéXeyev Gotep éxeivos mapé- 
\ / - \ 4 2s \ Py 

oXETO, TAS péev Tivas Kal doyou akias, Tas be 
gavras Te Kal ovdevl Oyo EvutreTAacpévas*! 

/ \ > na \ > \ an bw 
paducta S& adtod Tas étictoNas TOD ToAguoU 
> / es / / ’ tA 
aitwwTatas n&iou Sexvivar Tpos Te AXapovvdapov 
kal Ovvvous avTo yeypaupévas, Kab dtrep jot ev TOIS 
+ / > 4 a } / ¢€ A 
gum poa bev royous éppyOyn. avdpa pévtor  Popaiov 
> \ a a > , BY , ’ 
és tv Ilepoay yiv éoBeBAnxévar } Troha Epya 
évoeiEac Oar ote Aéyeuw eixev ovtTe Sexvivar. ob 
pevtoe mpéa Bers 7) pev Tas aitias ovK és “lov- 
oTwiavoy avépepov, GAN €s TOV VToUpynKOT@Y 
Twas, 7H S€ ws ovy obTM YyeyovdT@Y éTedap- 
Bdvovto Tav eipnuévav. Tédos Sé XpHuaTta pév Of 

¢ 

ToANAa 6 Xocpons HEiov Siddvar ‘Popaiovs, rap- 
nver O€ fn TA Xpiwara. €v T® Tapavtixa pmovov 
Tapexopévous THY elpyvnv e0érew és Tov TavTA 
aidva kpativacOa. thy yap emt xpnmact ryivo- 
pévnv avOpwros didiav avadicKopévois éx TOD 
éml wreiotov Evvdarravacba Tois Ypnpace.  Setv 
toivuv ‘Pwpatovs taxtov te péperv érérevoy Tlép- 
cas. “Otdtw yap avtois,” épn, “THY eipyvnv 
Tlépcar BéBavov &ovor, tas te Kacrias avrot 
gpurdoocovtes TUAAS Kal ovKéTL adbTois ay Popevor 
dia trodw Adpas, trép av eupicOor Kal avrol és 


+ n / v 
22 adel EcovTal. ““Ovxody,” of mpécBers ehacayr, 


a + / >? 

“voteneis Ilépoar Bovrdovtar “Pwpaiovs és 
f > \ 7 ” “ >” 2 \ 

dopov anaywynv éXélv. Ovx, ada oTpa- 

° id / X\ 

TuwTas oiKelous, o Xogpoys eimev, “ &Eovat TO 


-owtrov Ilépoas “Pwpaior, prcOov ths broupyias 


> tad -*- £ / > \ * \ 
avtois yopnyobvtes pyntov: érrel Kal Ovvvwr Tit 
1 tuumremreypévas H. 
348 


ee a a ae lr 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. x. 16-23 


Justinian; and he enumerated the causes of war 
which the Emperor afforded, some of them of real 


importance and others idle and fabricated without 
any reason; most of all he wished to show that 
the letters written by him to Alamoundaras and the 
Huns were the chief cause of the war, just as I 
have stated above.! But as for any Roman who 
had invaded the land of Persia, or who had made 
a- display of warlike deeds, he was unable either 
to mention or to point out such a one. The 
ambassadors, however, referred the charges in part 
not to Justinian but to certain of those who had 
served him, while in the case of others they took 
exception to what he had said on the ground that 
the things had not taken place as stated. Finally 
Chosroes made the demand that the Romans give 
him a large sum of money, but he warned them 
not to hope to establish peace for all time by giving 
money at that moment only. For friendship, he 
said, which is made by men on terms of money is 
generally spent as fast as the money is used up. It 
was necessary, therefore, that the Romans should 
pay some definite annual sum to the Persians. “ For 
thus,” he said, “the Persians will keep the peace 
secure for them, guarding the Caspian Gates them- 
selves and no longer feeling resentment at them 
on account of the city of Daras, in return for which 
the Persians themselves will be in their pay forever.” 
“So,” said the ambassadors, “the Persians desire to 
have the Romans subject and tributary to themselves.” 
“No,” said Chosroes, “but the Romans will have 
the Persians as their own soldiers for the future, 
dispensing to them a fixed payment for their service ; 


1 Cf. Book Il. i, 13; iii. 47. 
/ 349 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Kat Lapaxnvois émétevov Yopnyetre Xpvoor, ov 
popov avtois imrotenets dvtes, GNX Stas adHo- 
Tov yhv tiv tuetépay purdEwow és tov TwavTa 
ai@va. Ttowadta Xoapons te Kal of mpéo Bers 
TOANA Tpos AGAAHAOUS SiareyOérTes, EvvéBnoav 
tatepov ép & Xoaponv &v pev TO TapavTixa 
KevTnVapLa TevTHKOVTA Tpos Pwpyaiwy NaBovTa, 
mTévte S€ dAdwv hepopevov émétevov &s Tov TaVTA 
aijva Sacpuov, pndev avtovs épydcac@ar Tepat- 
Tépw KAKOV, GAN avTov pev Ounpous eml TAaUTH TH 
Oporoyia Tapa Tov TpécBewy KeKomopévov THY 
anotopeiay | mavTl T@ oTpaT@ és TA TaTpLA HOH 
Tomnocac0at, evtadOa Sé mpéa Bers Tapa Bacidéws 
‘lovativiavod ateddopévous Tas audi TH eipHvy 
EvvOnkas ev BeBaiw To Novtrov OécOau. * 


XI 


, 
Tote 0 Xoopons és Lerevnerav, modu émiOa- 
, > s Z IPN Ee \ 
Macciav, “Avtioxeias TplaKovTa Kal €éKaToV 
otadiow duéxovoav Aer, evtaddd te “Popaiwv 
ovoéva ovTE EUpwv” OUTE AUUNVapEvOS aTrEeMOVTATO 
pev €x® THs Oadrdoons TH VOaTt povos, Ovaas TE 
TO HLM Kal olatiaw adrdows €BovAETO, TONAG TE 
émeraoas oTicw amrjdavvev. & Te TO oTpAaTo- 
medov adikopevos, éemiOupiav oi épacKé Twa eivat 
Thy Atrapéwv Todw ev yertovav odoay ovK adAOU 
of HM ot , U 

tov &veka ) latopias Oedoacbar.  Evvey@povy Te 
ovy éxovatot Kal TodTO of mpécBes, eb & pévToL 
1 


anonopelay VG: &momoplay P, amroplay H. 
2 ebpov : Haury suggests afpév. % ée VH: om. G, & re P. 


35° 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. x. 23-xi. 3 


for you give an annual payment of gold to some 
of the Huns and to the Saracens, not as tributary 
subjects to them, but in order that they may guard 
your land unplundered forall time.” After Chosroes 
and the ambassadors had spoken thus at length 
with each other, they at last came to terms, agreeing 
that Chosroes should forthwith take from the 
Romans fifty centenaria,! and that, receiving a 
tribute of five more centenaria annually for all time, 
he should do them no further harm, but taking 
with him hostages from the ambassadors to pledge 
the keeping of the agreement, should make his 
departure with the whole army to his native land, 
and that there ambassadors sent from the Emperor 
_ Justinian should arrange on a firm basis for the 
future the compact regarding the peace. 


XI 


Tuen Chosroes went to Seleucia, a city on the sea, 
one hundred and thirty stades distant from Antioch ; 
and there he neither met nor harmed a. single 
Roman, and he bathed himself alone in the sea- 
water, and after sacrificing to the sun and such 
other divinities as he wished, and calling upon. the 
gods many times, he went back. And when he 
came to the camp, he said that he had a desire to 
see the city of Apamea which was in the vicinity for 
no other reason than that of his interest in the place. 
And the ambassadors unwillingly granted this also, 
but only on condition that after seeing the city 


1 Cf. Book I. xxii. 4. 


351 


10 


11 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


avTov Geac dpevov TE Ty mod Kal cipydpou 
xurias Ko pc dpevov evOevbe it pasyovder TL aXXo 
AUpMVapeEvov aTrénavvew orice. _&vonnros dé hv 
0 Xoo pons Tots Te m peo Beor Kal Tao Tos ddrows 
bre 57) és tv “Amdpevay Tove &vexa otéXXOLTO 
povov, bras On TLVOS TKIYEDS OvK a&vodoryou 
AaBopevos _ _avtTHy TE Kal Thy éxelvn x@pav 
Anionrar. “TOTe HEV ovy € Adguny éveBn, TO 
“Avtioxelas 7 T podaTEoy. év0a 7 To TE ANOS EV 
Oavpare peyire émTolnaaTo Kal Tas TOV bddTov 
THyas* apepoo yap agwobéara € ETLELKOS coTt. real 
ducas tats voppars ‘ATL@Y @XETO, ado HED ovdey 
Avpnvdpevos, TOU be dpxaryyéhou Mexannr - TO 
lepov. kavoas Edv érépaus teal oixiaus e& aitias 
tovaabe. Llépans avip inm@ oxovpevos, éy Te 
TO Tlepo av oTpaTe doKxupos Kal Xoo pon Bactret 
yvapLpos, és X@pov Kpnpya@dn appl TOV Aeyopuevov 
iy pntov HrAOe Ev é érépous Tuo lv, od 5 Tod apxary- 
yehou Mexarr yews €oTLV, Evdprsos epyov. 
obros aunp TOY TWA ‘Avtioxé@v veaviay tweCov TE 
Kal poovov K PUTT OMEVOL éevrabda idov* édimne TOV 
érépov X@pis. my 6€ KpeoT ons 0 veavias, 
‘Aciwaxos dvopma. os. erred) caTahapBdveo bat 
euednev, emratpadels &K Tob aipvidiov MOw Tov 
diaKovTa Badrev, emeTuyxaver Te ToD pet@mou és 
THY Tapa TO OvS _Haveyya. Kal O pev és TO &aos 
evdds emo ev, 6 6€ avToD Tov ccwvany oma 
odpevos KTELVEL TOV avd pa. oxunevoas Te avTov 
Kar’ efovatay Td Te bra Kal Tov xpd ov dmavra 
ral el TL AAO ervyxavev AMT EX OMEVOS, éri. Te Tov 
immov avabopwv mpoow jravvev. elite de THXN 


1 jdav VGP corr. : ebpay P pr. m. ~ 
352 


eo — lO ee 


————— 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xi. 3-11 


and taking away with him from there one thousand 
pounds of silver, he should, without inflicting any 
further injury, march back. But it was evident to 
the ambassadors and to all the others that Chosroes 
was setting .out for Apamea with this sole 
purpose, that he might lay hold upon some pretext 
of no importance and plunder both the city and the 
land thereabout. Accordingly he first went: up to 


_ Daphne, the suburb of Antioch, where he expressed 


great wonder at the grove and at the fountains of 
water; for both of these are very well worth 
seeing. And after sacrificing to the nymphs he 
departed, doing no further damage than burning the 
sanctuary of the archangel Michael together with 
certain other buildings, for the following reason. A 
Persian gentleman of high repute in the army of the 
Persians and well known to Chosroes, the king, while 
riding on horseback came in company with some 
others to a precipitous place near the so-called 
Tretum, where is a temple of the archangel Michael, 
the work of Evaris. This man, seeing one of the 
young men of Antioch on foot and alone concealing 
himself there, separated from the others and pur- 
sued him. Now the young man was a butcher, 
Aeimachus by name. When he was-about to be 
overtaken, he turned about unexpectedly and threw 
a stone at his pursuer which hit him on the forehead 
and penetrated to the membrane by the ear. And 
the rider fell immediately to the ground, whereupon 
the youth drew out his sword and slew him. Then 
at his leisure he stripped him of his weapons and 
all his gold and whatever else he had on his person, 
and leaping upon his horse rode on. And whether 


353 


VOL, I. AA 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


elte yopiwv éumerpia xpnodpevos, Nabeiv TE TOUS 
Tronepious cal duadhuyeiy TavTed@s ioxvee. 

12 TadTa o Xoo pons paler Kal Tots Evprecotor 
meplanyrjoas, TOV Ob err opeveny Twas Kadoat Tov 
TOD dpxaryryéhou veov ov m poo bev épurjc Ony 

13 €xéXevev. of Sé TODTOV éxeivoy civas Hyovpmevot 
fbv tais aud adtov oixodopias évérpnoar, 
émuTenets Te TeTOUnCOaL Tas Xoapoov évTohas 
@ovTO. TavTa pev oy obT aS eoxe. 

14 Xoo pons 6é€ tavtl TO oTpaT@ Thy éml *Amd- 
pevay jer. eats O€ EdNov mnxvaiov év Amapeta, 
Tov atavpov pépos év w Tov Xpictov ev ‘lepo- 
TONUMOLS TOTE THY KONATWW. OUTL aKOvaLOV UTO- 
oThvar oporoyelrar, Kata oi) TOY TAaXALOY YpovoOV 

15 évtad0a mpos Ltpov avdpos Kopucbev NAO pa. Kal 
avTo of TaaL dvOpwrror pudaxtnpLov péya.o pict 
Te avTois Kal LTH TONEL Ta TevOVTES éoea Bar On«ny 
avTov Eunivy Tia TeTrOLN[LeVOL nar eDevTo, iy 
59) Xpuc® Té TON Kal Gos evTipors éKO- 
ouncav, wal Tpiat pev lepedot trapédocar, 
° Eby mdon acpaneia purafovew, éEaryovtes 
ava may éros mravdnpel év pepe m™ porKkuvoiat 

16 ped. TOTE OW 0 Tov ‘Arrapeéov Rews, érrevd2) 
Tov M7dav orparoy él odds émiOovto ‘eva, 
éy déet peyare éryévovTo. Xoo pony é aKkov- 
ovrTes aS Herta arn Biver Par Kal Tapa Oapav 
TOY TIS TONEWS apXvepea YeVOMEVOL éd€ovTo 
70 Too _oTaupov EvNov em oelEa ogiow, émr@s 
avTo torata TpogKuyygayTes TeAEUTIO MT W. 

17.0 6€ Kata Tadta éroie. Tote 6% Oéapa Evyn- 


354 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xi. 11-17 


_by the favour of fortune or by his knowledge of the 
country, he succeeded completely in eluding the 
Persians and making good his escape. When 
Chosroes learned this, he was deeply grieved at 
what had happened, and commanded some of his 
followers to burn the sanctuary of the archangel 
Michael which I have mentioned above. And 
they, thinking that the sanctuary at Daphne was 
the one in question, burned it with the buildings 
about it, and they supposed that the commands of 
Chosroes had been executed. Such, then, was the 
course of these events. 

But Chosroes with his whole army proceeded on 
the way to Apamea. Now there is a piece of wood 
one cubit in length in Apamea, a portion of the cross 
on which the Christ in Jerusalem once endured the 
punishment. not unwillingly, as.is generally agreed, 
and which in ancient times had been conveyed there 
secretly by a man of Syria. And the men of olden 
times, believing that it would be a great protection 
both: for themselves and for the city, made for it a 
sort of wooden chest and deposited it there ; and they 
‘adorned this chest with much gold and with precious 
stones and they entrusted it. to three priests who 
were to guard it in all security; and they bring it 
forth every year and the whole population worship 
it during one day. Now at that time the people of 
Apamea, upon learning that the army of the Medes 
was coming against them, began to be in great fear. 
And when they heard that Chosroes was absolutely 
untruthful, they came to Thomas, the chief priest of 
the city, and begged him to show them the wood of 
the cross, in order that after worshipping it for the last 
time they might die. And he did as they requested. 


355 


AA 2 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


véxOn Royou Te ral TiaTEews Kpeiaoov év> 
Trad0a yevécOar. TO pev yap Evhov 0 iepeds 
pépov edeixvver, dre pOev dé avtod cédas mupos 
emepépero Kal 70 Kar avTov THS dpopAs rere 

18 dwtl TOAN@ brép TO etw@O0s5 KaTehapTero. Badi- 
Covros Te TOU lepéos TavTay?) TOD vew cupm poner 
TO oéhas, purdocov del THY omép avToU THS 

19 opodis X@par. 0 pev ovv TOV ATrapéwy Shuos 
vmod THS Tob Javpatos HOOVIS eGauiBeiro Te Kal 
éyeyGee kal éxNavev, 707 Te amavtes UTép THS 

20 cwTnplas TO Oapcety elyov. 0 d¢ Owpuds, emevdn 
mepuiprbe TOV vEe@V aravra, kat abépevos év TH 
Onxkn TO TOO otavpod Evrov éxdduwe, Kal TO 
aéras éx TOD aipvidtou émémavTo. padav dé rov 
TOV TOAELL@Y oTPATOY ayxvard TOU THS Wows 
ieew, omovdH norte d Tapa TOV Xoopony. apixero. 

21 Kal ds <érel>} dvervvOdvero Tod icpéws ed Bov- 
Aopévors Tots "Arrapedow eln ad ‘ToD TeptBorov 
avtitaEacOar TH Mndov otpate, amexpivato 
@apuds ovdé&v toils avOpw@rots TovodTo és Evvovay 

22 ievv. “ Ovxodv” &pn o Xoo pons béEacbé pe 

Th TONEL Evy Orryous | tat mao als avarren Ta- 

23. pévaus tais mUAaLS.” 0 lepevs elmrev “ "Ex auro 
yap 87 Tapaxadécwv TovTO abiypar,” 0 pev ovv 
TT PATOS anas éotpaTomedevaavTo dlec KNVN EVOL 
mp0” TOU mepuBodou, 

24 ‘O dé Xoapons dvd pas TOV év Tlépoaus dpiatov 
Siaxoctous amroneEdpevos € és TH. TOM elonhacev. 
érrel dé yéryovev cloo TUAOY, eTEeNAOETO EKO ye 
elvat TOW aur Te Kal TOUS mpéo Bert Evyxermévor, 
Kal Tov ériakomov éxéreve Sodvar ob yidia povov 

| <éwel> Haury. 7” mpd Maltretus MS. e: mpds P.- 


356 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xi. 17-24 


Then indeed it befell that a sight surpassing both 
description and belief was there seen. For while the 
priest was carrying the wood and shewing it, above 
him followed a flame of fire, and the portion of the 
roof oyer him was illuminated with a great and un- 
accustomed light. . And while the priest was moving 
through every part of the temple, the flame continued 
to advance with him, keeping constantly the place 
above him in the roof. So the people of Apamea, 
under the spell of joy at the miracle, were wondering 
and rejoicing and weeping, and already all felt 
confidence concerning their safety. And Thomas, 
after going about the whole temple, laid the wood 
of the cross in the chest and covered it, and 
suddenly the light had ceased. Then upon learning 
that the army of the enemy had come close to the 
city, he went in great haste to Chosroes. And when 
the king enquired of the priest whether it was the 
will of the citizens of Apamea to marshal themselves 
on the wall against the army of the Medes, the 
priest»replied that no such thing had entered the _ 
minds of the men. “ Therefore,’ said Chosrees, 
“receive me into the city accompanied by a’ few 
men with all the gates opened wide.” And the priest 
said “ Yes, for I have come here to invite thee to do 
this very thing.” So the whole army pitched their 
tents and made camp before the fortifications. 

Then Chosroes chose out two hundred of the best 
of the Persians and entered the city. But when he 
had got inside the gates, he forgot willingly enough 
what had been agreed upon between himself and 
the ambassadors, and he commanded the bishop to 
give not only one thousand pounds of silver nor 


357 


26 


27 


28 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


dpytpou oral wa ovdé TOUVTWY dexaThdoua, adna 
<kal> Ta Keyprja 6 baa 61 évtav0a & eruxe Keipeva, 
xpuca Te Kal dpyupa Evpravta, peyada omep- 
puds dvra. oiwar 6 dy avrov Kab 7%; mo 
Sdnv avSparosicacbat TE Kal Mnicad bat ovK ap 
aroKkvncar, et pn TL Geiov aurov éx TOD eupavods 
duex@dveev. obras avrov a Te prroxpnmaria 
é&érrnoce Kal éorpepev avrod THY Sudvovav 9 TAS 
d0&ns ériOupia. KA€OS yap ot pea TOUS TOV 
TONE dvd parrobic yous @ETO elvat, oveev TO 
TapaTrav TOLOUMEVOS el omovdds te kal EvvOnKas 
HAOYHKOS TA TOLADTA és TODS ‘Pa paious épyaterar. 
TAUTHVY TE Xoo poov dnocer THD yvopmy a TE 


appl Tod mow Adpas €v TAUTY 57) évexelpyoe TH 


amomopelg, év Taon aroyig Tons GuEvos Ta 
Evyxeipeva, Kal a Kadduveenatous odin batepov 
éy omovoais épacer, dmep jot éy. Tots oma e 
AenéEerau oyous. GAN oO Geos, a@oarep elpnTat, 
"Ardpeav Suecwoato. érel oe Ta KELULNNA Oo 
Xoo pons Eiurayra ede Kal avrov pebbovra 70n 
TH TOV Xpnparov apbovig o 0 Oapas elde, TO rob 
oravpov Evhov Eby TH Onn éEeveynav avéwyé TE 
THv Onknv cal TO EvAOV evderevbpevos “0 Kpa- 
Tua TE Baotred ” &bn “taba pot dmohéhevm Tat 


30 pova éx mT av TOY XPNLATOV. On«nv Bev ouv THVOE 


31 


(xpuc@ Te yap Kexadr\OroTaL Kal AiPoLs évTi- 
Hows) pOovos ovdels AaBovra ce Ev Tois adows 
dmacw EXE, TouTl dé TO EvAor, owTnpLov TE Hpi 
Kal Timon. éort, TobTO, ixereva. oe Kal Séopat, Sos 
pou.” Oo pep _tepeds TogavTa €iTre. Evvex oper 83 
Xoo pons Kab THY dénow emLTEAH érrotet. 

Mera bé prroriuia TOMAH XPOpmevos TOV Te 
Sjpov és TO imrro8pojuov avaBaivew éxédeve Kab 


-358 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xi. 24-31 


even ten times that amount, but whatsoever 
treasures were stored there, being all of gold 
and silver and of marvellous great size. And I 
believe that he would not have shrunk from enslay- 
ing and plundering the whole city, unless some 
divine providence had manifestly prevented him ; 
to such a degree did avarice overpower him and the 
desire of fame turn his mind. For he thought the 
enslavement of the cities a great glory for himself, 
considering it absolutely nothing that disregarding 
treaties and compacts he was performing such deeds 
against the Romans. This attitude of Chosroes will 
be revealed by what he undertook to do concerning 
the city of Daras during his withdrawal at this same 
time, when he treated his agreements with absolute 
disregard, and also by what he did to the citizens of 
Callinicus a little later in time of peace, as will be 
told by me in the following narrative.1 But God, 
as has been said, preserved Apamea. Now when 
Chosroes had seized all the treasures, and Thomas 
saw that he was already intoxicated with the 
abundance of the wealth, then bringing out the 
wood of the cross with the chest, he opened the 
chest and displaying the wood said : “O most mighty 
King, these alone are left me out of all the treasures. 
Now as for this chest (since it is adorned with gold 
and precious stones), we do not begrudge thy taking 
it and keeping it with all the rest, but this wood 
here, it is our salvation and precious to us, this, I 
beg and entreat thee, give to me.’ So spoke the 
priest. And Chosroes yielded and fulfilled the 
request. 

Afterwards, being filled with a desire for popular 
applause, he commanded that the populace should 


1 Cf. Book II. xxi. 30-82. 359 


32 


33 


34 


35 


36 


37 


38 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Tovs Hvidxous aywviterOar Ta eiwOora odicw. 
ot 6) Kal adtos avaBas Oearns yevéoOar Tov 
Tovoupevar év oToven éroteito. émel 5€ HeNKOEL 
TOANO TpoTepov lovotiwiavov Baciréa YpopaTos 
tod Bevétov, 3 8) Kxuvavedv éotiv, extoTas épav, 
an évavtias avTo Kavradba lévat Bovhopevos 
70ede TO Tpacive THY vikny appocat. ob pev ovv 
jploxor amo BarBidor ap&dpevor Epryou eiXovTO, 
TUXn Oé TIS TH TA Béveta evdiduc Koper éyévero 
Tapehac aye “énimpooBev i teva, elero dé aire 
Kara TAS avTas apart poxvas 0 TO ™pdowvov autre- 
Xopevos Xpopa. Omep eferrirndes 0 0 Xoo pons ye- 
yovévar olopevos, nyavaxter Te Kal Edv amrethh 
aveBoa Tov Kaioapa T pOTEpHa aL TOY ddoov ov 
d€ov, éxéXeve TE TOvS ™ poTépous lovtas immous 
éméxer Sau, 6 OTs TO Aourrov Kat orig Bev yevouevor 
aryoviSovrar OTrEp eed oUT@S s em émpakTo @oTrEp 
éxeivos éxéheve, vikav. ovTws 6 TE Xoa pons Kal 
pépos TO Tm pda wov edo£ev. evTadba tov Tis Ama- 
peor Xocpon € és ox eov TLATO Tépony aivdpa 
és THY OlKiay THY avTOD avaBavra THY, maida 
ovcav Tapbévoyv BialecOa. 06 5é Tadta aKxovoas 
Kal TO Ovpd Céwv adyecOar tov dvdpa éxéreve. 
Kal émel traphv dn, avacKkoroTicOhvar avTov 
ev TO oTpatomese éméaTeAre. yvovs be 0 dfjpos 
mavtt abéver avéxparyov &Eaistov olor, ™ pos 
THS TOD Bacihéos opyns TOV av porov eEartou- 
pevoL, Xo pons dé Opohoynee pev avrois TOV 
avbpa apnaewy, AaPpa dé dveo KodoTrLg ev ov Ton- 
AO barepov. Tabra. pev ouv HOE Siatrem parywevos 
Tavtl TO oTpaTO OTigw amynravVeED. 


360 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xi. 31-38 


go up into the hippodrome and that the charioteers ¢ 
should hold their accustomed contests. And he 
himself went up there also, eager to be a spectator 
of the performances. And since he had heard long 
before that the Emperor Justinian was extraordinarily 
fond of the Venetus! colour, which is blue, wishing to 
go against him there also, he was desirous of bringing 
about victory for the green. So the charioteers, 
starting from the barriers, began the contest, and by 
some chance he who was clad in the blue happened 
to pass his rival and take the lead. And he was 
followed in the same tracks by the wearer of the 
green colour. And Chosroes, thinking that this had 
been done purposely, was angry, and he cried out 
with a threat that the Caesar had wrongfully sur- 
passed the others, and he commanded that the 
horses which were running in front should be held 
up, in order that from then on they might contend 
in the rear; and when this had been done just as he 
commanded, then Chosroes and the green faction 
were accounted victorious. At that time one of the 
citizens of Apamea came before Chosroes and accused 
a Persian of entering his house and violating his 
maiden daughter. Upon hearing this, Chosroes, 
boiling with anger, commanded that the man should 
_ be brought. And when he came before him, he 
_ directed that he should be impaled in the camp. And * 
_ when the people learned this, they raised a mighty 
shout as loud as they could, demanding that the 
‘man be saved from the king’s anger. And Chosroes 
promised that he would release the man to them, but 
he secretly-impaled him not long afterwards. So 
_ after these things had been thus accomplished, he 
departed and marched back with the whole army. 
1 This term was applied to the ‘‘Blue Faction” in 
Byzantium and elsewhere. 





361 


1 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


XII 
"Exel 5€ és Xadkida_rordw adixeto, Bepotas 


moAews TéTpact Kal dydonKovTa atadiows Sué- 
er te, 


yourav, av0is és AHOnv Twa Tov EvyKerpévov 
HrAOe, oTpaToTEdevaedpuevds Te TOU TEptBOAOU Ov 
paxpav amo0ev, éreure Latdov amedjoovta 
Xarxidebor modopkia THY TOdW aiphoew, Ei [1 
THY TE GeTnpiay wVLOY KTHOOVTaL TA RUTPA 
didovtes Kai Tos otpatiotas boous évTadda 
/ > \ a ¢e , > cad , 
EvpBaiver elvas Ew To YEHOVL éxdotev opict. 
Xanrxieis bé és déos péya T pos éxaTépou Ba- 
TINEWS EWTETT@KOTES oTparioTas pev amb woo ay 
@S KUTT A. émonpelv ohict, KaiT@ep addous TE 
Kab ‘Adovaxov TOV TOY oTpaTioT a” dpxovta 
Kpoyrayres év oixiaKous Tuoty, draws pt) Tots 
Tonepmiows evdnror ot xpucod dé KevTnvapua 
dvo ournréEavres poms, mel mow ov Aiav 
evdaipova @Kovy, T® TE Xoopon fwdypia Sovtes 
Thy Te TOLD kal opas avTovs Sverwioavro. 
"EvOévoe ovKéte 6 Xoopons éBovnero TH atro- 
Topetav HTEp hrs ex mouoac Gan, arn’ * Edd pd- 
THY TE Totapov dvaBhvar Kal Xphpara 6Te Trel- 
oTa &€k Mecororapias Anifer Gar. yepupay ouv 
CevEas audi "OBBavns Td xwpiov, dtrep TOU €Vv 
BapBarioc@ dpoupiou TeccapaKovTa oTadious 
am Exel, autos TE 6éBn, kal travtl TO oTpaT@ 
os TAXLOTA bia Baiverv em Eo TENNEY, UTELTT@OV [Lev 
THY yepupav Tpity npepa weer Oar, Ttakas Sé 
Kal Tov THS nmépas Karpov. Kal émel maphy 


362 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xii. 1-5 


XII 


Awnp when he came to the city of Chalcis, eighty- 
four stades distant from the city of Beroea, he again 
seemed to forget the things which had been agreed 
upon, and encamping not far from the fortifications 
he sent Paulus to threaten the inhabitants of 
Chalcis, saying that he would take the city by siege, 


_ unless they should purchase their safety by giving 
- ransom, and should give up to the Persians all the 


soldiers who were there together with their leader. 
And the citizens of Chalcis were seized with great 
fear of both sovereigns, and they swore that, as for 
soldiers, there were absolutely none of them in the 
city, although they had hidden Adonachus, the com- 
mander of the soldiers, and others as well in some 
houses, in order that they might not be seen by 
the enemy; and with difficulty they collected two 
centenaria! of gold, for the city they inhabited was 
not very prosperous, and they gave them to Chosroes 
as the price of their lives and thus saved both 
the city. and themselves. 

From there on Chosroes did not wish to continue the 


_. return journey by the road he had come, but to cross 


i i ei 


—————— ee 


the River Euphrates and gather by plunder-as much 
money as possible from Mesopotamia. He therefore 
constructed a bridge at the place called Obbane, 
which is forty stades distant from the fortress in 
Barbalissum ; then he himself went across and gave 
orders to the whole army to cross as quickly as 
possible, adding that he would break up the bridge 
on the third day, and he appointed also the time of 
the day. And when the appointed day was come, it 


1 Cf. Book I, xxii. 4. 
363 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


 Kupla, Twas pev TOD oTpaTodD arroderetpOar 
uni mo SiaBdvtas EvvéBawev, o S€ odd otody 
drohoyiocdpevos emeprpe Tods Thy yépupav Sdia- ” 
6 AvcovTas. of TE aTrONELTTOMEVOL, @S EKaTTOS 
mT édvvaTo, eis TA TaTpLa HON avéBatvov. 
Tore 8 hirotyia tis Xocponv éofrOe Tokw 
7 "Eéeocav éEereiv. evipye yap avtov és tobto Xpi- 
oTLavaVv oyos Kab éSaxvev avToo- THY Sidvovay, 
étt 6) avddwTov avThy toxupitovro elvat  & 
8 aitias ToLaa be. Adbyapos Av Tw év Tots ave 
xpovois ‘Edécons Tom apxns (otT@ yap Tovs KaTa 
€Ovos Baoireis THVIKADTA éxddouv). 0 oe Adbya- 
pos ovTos EvveT@ratos éryeyover Tov KaT avTov 
avO paov andyrov, Kal amr avtTov Baowret 
9 Avyovote és TA paroTa piros. éva Toveos yap 
“Pepaious elvat Bovnopevos € €S ‘Pepay TE dinero, 
Kal tT Avyotot@ és Aoyous HKOV otro. 69) 
aurov TAS Evvérews TO TEpLovTL eer dn Fev OoTE 
ovKéTe avTod peBiec Bau Adyovoros THS Evvoucias 
éBovneTo, aN’ iy TE AUTOD THS opudias evOds 
didtrupos épacrns, Kal émredapv évTbXOl, aman- 
10 Ado cer Oar abrob ovdaph nOenre. Xpovos ovv 
aur ev TaUTy 67) ouxvos Th aroénpuia érpiBn. 
Kat Tore és On maria odav iévau metOew 
Te Tov Adbyouerov peGetvar aUTOV @S Herta EXOD, 
11 errevoet TAO. eoTahy bev Os KUVIYETHT OY | és 
Ta émt “Pouns xopia’ perérnv yap Tept tabra 
Kater Tovdad Hevny Twa eTUyXavEY & EXOD. TE pLL@Y 
dé x@pav moNay ouyya TOV éKelvyn Onpiov 
favra eOnpa, Kal xoov €K THS Ri Evvapno dpevos 
épepev ex yopas éxdotns oUTw Te émaviKev eis 


364 





a ai na | 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xii. 5—11 


happened that some of the army were left who had 
not yet crossed, but without the least consideration 
for them he sent the men to break up the bridge. 
And those who were left behind returned to their 
native land as each one could. ' 

Then a sort of ambition came over Chosroes to 
capture the city of Edessa. For he was led on to 
this by a saying of the Christians, and it kept 
irritating -his mind, because they maintained that it 


. could not be taken, for the following reason. There 


was a certain Augarus in early times, toparch of 
Edessa (for thus the kings of the different nations 
were called then). Now this Augarus was the 
most clever of all men of his time, and as a result 


of this was an especial friend of the Emperor 


—-_ 


Augustus. For, desiring to make a treaty with the 
Romans, he came to Rome; and when he conversed 
with Augustus, he so astonished him by the abun- 
dance of his wisdom that Augustus wished never more 
to give up his company ; for he was an ardent lover 
of his conversation, and whenever he met him, he 
was quite unwilling to depart from him. A long 
time, therefore, was consumed by him in this visit. 
And one day when he was desirous of returning to 
his native land and was utterly unable to persuade 
Augustus to let him go, he devised the following 
plan. He first went out to hunt in the country 
about Rome; for it happened that he had taken 
considerable interest in the practice of this sport. 
And going about over a large tract of country, he 
captured alive many of the animals of that region, 
and he gathered up and took with him from each 
part of the country some earth from the land; thus 
he returned to Rome bringing both the earth and 


365 


12 


13 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


19 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


‘Popny, TOV TE xooy Kal ta Onpia EXOD. 6 pev 
oop Adbyouoros és TOV imrmo6 po pov dvaBas €xd- 
Onto nmep. ete, Abryapos dé of és Ow Heov 
Tip Te yAD Kat Ta Onpia éméderke, Katadéyov 
éx molas TOTe xepas Uy] Te yh exdorn Kal TOV 
Onpiov Tiva TOT ein. EmELTa THY meV YAY any 
ay ToD _immospopiou éx€XEVE OéoBas, TavTa 
6é es TavTO Ta Onpia Evvaryaryovtas eira. aeivan. 
oi pev ov Umnpéeras kata rabra émotoup. Ta 6é 
Onpia Xepls GNI eov yevopeva. és éxelvny, ex@per 
TI yi On ex TAS X@pas bev ethnmTo éruyxa- 
vey ovoa. Kal 0 _ bev Aiyovotos émi mretoTov 
Ta Tovov pera. és TO ax piBes éBrere, kab eOadpate 
ye Ore 61 Tots Soors ” piors adloakTos ovca 
moOewvny TovetTat TIHV mdi pov yn. Adyapos 
6€ avTov Tav ryovaroy - ex TOD aipvidiou NaBo- 
PEVOS, «Rye 66,” ele, * ‘tiva TOTe yvoOunV EXE 
@ O€oTroTa, ole, @ yur} Té éort Kab maidia Kal 
Bacvreia Bpaxeia HED» GAN’ €v yh TH TAT pod 
Kal Os To arnet TOU ovyou noondeis Te Ka 
Brac Gels amévar Te Evvex@per ovTe EXKOUTLOS al 
mpocarreta bar éxéNevey dtov ay, Séntar. rel 
dé TovTOU Abya os eruxe, Abyovgrou édeiTo 
immo8pousov oi et waa Aas év moet “Kdéoon. 0 
é Evvex oper Kal TovTO. ovTwM peVv ek ‘Pays 
arradnaryels Aiyapos és "Edeooap re. Kal 
avTov of moNiTar avernvvOdvorTo el. Tt pépov 
ayabov opiow éK Bactréws Avyototov Kot. 
6 6€ amoKxpwdpevos “Kderonvois éverynety ebm 
AUTnv Te alnuoy Kal Xapav aKepoh, THV ‘08 
immoopoptov Tapadn rev TUX. 

Xpove dé totepov Toppa Tov ijuxias ‘Abas 


366 


ete ie 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xii. 11-20 


the animals. Then Augustus went up into the 
hippodrome and seated himself as was his wont, and 
Augarus came before him and displayed the earth 
and the animals, telling over from what district each 
portion of earth was and what animals they were. 
Then he gave orders to put the earth in different 
parts of the hippodrome, and to gather all the animals 
into one place and then to release them. So the 
attendants did as he directed. And the animals, 


separating from each other, went each to that portion 


of earth which was from the district in which it itself 
had been taken. And Augustus looked upon the per- 
formance carefully for a very long time, and he was 
wondering that nature untaught makes animals tniss 
their native land. Then Augarus, suddenly laying 
hold upon his knees, said: “ But as for me, O Master, 
what thoughts dost thou think I have, who possess a 
wife and children and a kingdom, small indeed, but in 
the land of my fathers?” And the emperor, overcome 
and compelled by the truth of his saying, granted 
not at all willingly that he should go away, and bade 
him ask besides whatever he wished. And when 
Augarus had secured this, he begged of Augustus to 
build him a hippodrome in the city of Edessa. And 
he granted also this. Thus then Augarus departed 
from Rome and came to Edessa. And the citizens 
enquired of him whether he had come bringing any 
good thing for them from the Emperor Augustus. 
And he answering said he had brought to the 
inhabitants of Edessa pain without loss and pleasure 
without gain, hinting at the fortune of the hippo- 
drome. 

At.a later time when Augarus was well advanced 


367 


2 


— 


23 


24 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


HK@v voo@ moddrypas Xarerhs Twos bmeppuas 
pro. tals yobv odvvaus a a Oopevos Kal Th evdévde 
axwnoia él Tovs iat pous TO Tm parypa Hyev, ek 
Taons TE vis Evvénerye TOUS mept rabra copous 
admavtas. ov 2 VaTEpov (ou yap ot dxeolv Twa Tob 
Kaxod éfeupeiv loxvov) a anéotn Te Kal és aunxa- 
viav EETET OV TUXas Tas mapovoas @OUpETO, ume 
d€ Tov Xpovor | éxetvov "Incots 0 Tod Oeod mais év 
Topare Ov Tobs év Taraorivy avO parrots @piret, 
7O. TE padev TO TapaTray duaptely T@TOTE, GANA 
Kal Ta apa. eEepydlec Pau diapavas evderxve- 
pEvos OTL én Tov Yeod trais Os arnbas en ve- 
Kpous TE yap KAN@V eEaviorn woTep €& D Omvou Kab 
mnpois Tous opOarpovs ovT@ TexPetow avéwye, 
cadyaros Te Odov AevKas exaOnpe Kal mod@y 
Toa w edge, Kal boa addra. tat pots mdOn 
aviata avopac weve éoti. tadta arraryyehNovT@ov 
Avyapos TaV éKx Handasorivys és. Ta “Edecoav 
émux@puatovTov axovoas, eOdponoé Te Kab. pap 
pata mpos Tov ‘Inooby vy dypas édeito avTod 
ararhacoerOas bey TAS "Tout aias Kal Tov evtav0a 
ayvopovev av porrav, avr dé TO Nowrov Evp- 
Buotevew. érel Tatra 6 X pices amevexOevra. 
elder, avréyparpe Tpos TOV Adyapor, os bev ovK 
aiterar a aVTLKPUS aTroNeyav,' THv be irylecay 7 

yeenpare brrogXOpuevos. gaat be Kal TOUTO avToOV 
emevmetv, @S OVE 1) TOALS TrOTE BapBapors aXo- 
oLLOS eora. TOUTO THs emo TONS TO dx potehev- 
TLOV. of ev €Kelvou TOD Ypovou THY loroptay 
Evyypayparres ovoapn & éyvocav: ov yap ou ovoé 
Tn avtod éreuviaOncav: "Edeoonvol S& avtd Edv 


1 Groréywy Scaliger : amorAciwv P, arovedwy Dindorf. 


368 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xii. 20-26 


in years, he was seized with an exceedingly violent 
attack of gout. And being distressed by the pains 
and his inability to move in consequence of them, he 
carried the matter to the physicians, and from the 
whole land he gathered all who were skilled in these 
matters. But later he abandoned these men (for 
they did not succeed in discovering any cure for the 
trouble), and finding himself helpless, he bewailed 
the fate which was upon him. But about that time 
Jesus, the Son of God, was in the body and moving 


_among the men of Palestine, showing manifestly by 


the fact that he never sinned at all, and also by his 
performing even things impossible, that he was the 
Son of God in very truth; for he called the dead 


- and raised them up as if from sleep, and opened 


the eyes of men who had been born blind, and 
cleansed those whose whole bodies were covered 
with leprosy, and released those whose feet were 
maimed, and he cured all the other diseases which 
are called by the physicians incurable. When these 
things. were reported to Augarus by those who 
travelled from Palestine to Edessa, he took courage 
and wrote a letter to Jesus, begging him to depart 
from Judaea and the senseless people there, and to 
spend his life with him from that time forward. 
When the Christ saw this message, he wrote in reply 
to Augarus, saying distinctly that he would not come, 
but promising him health in the letter. And they 
say that he added this also that never would the. 
city be liable to capture by the barbarians. This 
final portion of the letter was entirely unknown to 
those who wrote the history of that time ; for they 
did not even make mention of it anywhere; but the 


369 
VOL. I. BB 


29 


30 


31 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Th émictorH cdpécOar gaciv, doTe apéder Kal 
ashes of sit} yi sive i 
avaypaTTov oUT@ THY ETLaTOANY aYT AXXOU TOV 
duraxtnpiov év tais THs mddews TetroinvTat 

ts / \ > e \ / la 
TUAGLS. yéyove wey Oty UTO Mydous yYpov@ Twi 
a > c an / > \ / a 
UoTEpov, OVX ddovca péVTOL, GAA THOT TOL@dE. 
émretd7) TO ypdppa TOD Xpictod Advyapos éraPe, 
KaKkov pev Oyo batepov aTraOns yéyove, cvXVOV 
5é TH dryveia emiBiols Ypobvov éreXevTHTEV” boTIS 
dé dvedéEato THy Bacireiay Tov adTod Traider, 
avoolmTaTos yeyovas amdvtav avOpoTev, dd\ra 
TE TOKAA €s TODS aApyopuevous eEnwapTe Kal Thy 
éx ‘Papaiwr dedias Ticw mpocexapnoev Exovatos 
Ilépcaus. ypove te TOAX@ ’Edeconvol taorepov 
averovtes TOV BapBdpav Tovs opiow évOnwovv- 
tas ppoupods evédocay Pwpaiouw Thy TOMY. * * * 
avuT@ mpootroveio bas eripenr€s EoTL, TEKMALPOMEVOS 
ois év Tols KaT ewe Ypovors yéyovev, amEp év TOIS 
Kabynxovat Aoyots OnAOow. Kai pol mote evvoLa 
yéyovey ws eb pn Tadta arep éppyOn 0 Xproros 
y” > > A > rn / »” 
éypaypev, GAN Ste &€s TodTO SdEnS avOpwrrot 
HrAOov, duraEa da TodTO avddwrov eOérer THY 
TOMY, WS pHTOTE avTois mAdYNS TWA oKIAPW 
doin. TadTa pev odv bn TH Oe@ idov, TAa’TH 
éyéTw Te Kal evyéo Oo. 

Xoopon dé tore mpovpyov bia tadta eéokev 
5 ” > a ql VTi i rie 
elvan "Edeooay éfereiv. Kat éemel és Batvnv 
> / / \ \ \ / > \ 
agixeto, TOMapa pev Bpayd Kal Aoyou ovdevds 
a&wov, huépas 5€ 06@ "Kdécons dvéxov, evtadOa 
bev THY viKTa éxeiynvy nidAicato, OpOpov dé 
BaGéos tmavtl Te otpat@ én thy “Kdeooav 


37° 


HISTORY: OF THE WARS, II. xii. 26-31 


men of Edessa say that they found it with the letter, 


so that they have even caused the letter to be 
inscribed in this form on the gates of the city 
instead of any other defence. The city did in fact 
come under the Medes a short time afterwards, not 
by capture however, but in the following manner. 
A short time after Augarus received the letter of 
the Christ, he became free from suffering, and after 
living on in health for a long time, he came to his 
end. But that one of his sons who succeeded to 
the kingdom showed himself the most unholy of all 
men, and besides committing many other wrongs 
against his subjects, he voluntarily went over to the 
Persians, fearing the vengeance which was to come 


- from the Romans. But long after this the citizens 


— = — 


of Edessa destroyed the barbarian guards who were 
dwelling with them, and gave the city into the 
hands of the Romans. *« +* +x! he is eager to 
attach it to his cause, judging by what has happened 
in my time, which I shall present in the appropriate 
place. And the thought once occurred to me that, 
if the Christ did not write this thing just as I have 
told it, still, since men have come to believe in it, 
He wishes to guard the city uncaptured for this 
reason, that He may never give them any pretext 
for error. As for these things, then, let them 
be as God wills, and so let them be told. 

For this reason it seemed to Chosroes at that 
time a matter of moment to capture Edessa. And 
when he came to Batne, a small stronghold of no 
importance, one day’s journey distant from Edessa, 
he bivouacked there for that night, but at early 
dawn he was on the march to Edessa with his whole 


1 Nine MS. lines are missing at this point. 


371 


BB 2 


32 


33 


34 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


nrauve. Kal avtois EvvéBn TrAGVH TEpiTETOdDaL 
TH vorepaia és Tov avTov avrjifecPar Yapov" 
Omep avtois Aéyouet kal Sis EvpBhvar. porus be 
adyxicta “Edéoons yevouéve Xoopdyn pevparos 
hacw & TO ™ poo wmov emumer OvTOS érnpOar THY 
yvdbov. 610 89 THS méev TOAEWS dmomerpiioGan 
ovdaps) H0enre, Tladrov dé méprpas xpypata’ Kéeo- 
onvovs nT. of dé audi TH moder pev Sedsévar 
heiota &pacKov, Straws Sé py Tols ywpiors NupHvy- 
Tal, aoroynoay S00 ypvcod KevTnvdpia Sw@ceL. 
Kal 0s Ta Te Xpnwata édaBe cal Suec@oato Ta 


EvyKelpeva. 
XIII 


Tote Kal ypaupara Xoo poy Bactreds ‘lov- 
orweavos eypanpev, émutedécew opmoRoryay Ta TE 
avr Kal Tots m péo Beaw appl tH eipivn Evy- 
Keipeva. dmep €mrel 0 Xoo pons amevexOevra, 
ide, TOUS TE opajpous abine kat cuverxevdtero &s 
thv aodor,} TOUS TE "AvTioxéov aixwarwrous 
atobdiboc8a dravtas HOEdev. brrep "Kéeronvol 
er €101) euabov, m pobupiav émedelEavro axons 
Kpeisow. ov yap | HV ovdels ds ov Ta AUT pa év 
TO ‘ep@ pépov omep TovTay 6) TOV aixpadk@Tov 
Kata Aoyov Ths ovaias Kat ébero. eial é ols kab 
paiddov 4 Kara Adyou TavTa émpdoaero. al TE 
yap éralpae TOV KO0 [Lov apehodoat, boos. avrais 
év TO copuate Hv, évtad0a éppimtouv, Kab el T@ 
yewpy® éerimdwv % apyupiov omavitoyte dvos 7 

1 &podov P: Epodor H. 


372 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xii. 31—xiii. 4 


army. But it fell out that they lost their way 
and wandered about, and on the following night 
bivouacked in the same place; and they say that 
this happened to them a second time also. When 
with difficulty Chosroes reached the neighbourhood 
of Edessa, they say that. suppuration set in in his 
face and his jaw became swollen. For this reason 
he was quite unwilling to make an attempt on the 
city, but he sent Paulus and demanded money from 
the citizens.. And they said that they had ab- 
solutely no fear concerning the city, but in order 
that he might not damage the country they agreed .« 
to give two centenaria of gold. And Chosroes took 
the money and kept the agreement. 


XIII 


Ar that time also the Emperor Justinian wrote 
a letter to Chosroes, promising to carry out the 
agreement which had been made by him and_ the 
ambassadors. regarding the peace.! When this 
message was received by Chosroes, he released the 
hostages and made preparations for his departure, 
and he wished to sell off all the captives from 
Antioch. And when the citizens of Edessa learned 
of this, they displayed an unheard-of zeal. For there 
was not a person who did not bring ransom for the 
captives and deposit it in the sanctuary according to 
the measure of his possessions. And there were some 
who even exceeded their proportionate amount in so 
doing. For the harlots took off all the adornment 
which they wore on their persons, and threw it 
down there, and any farmer who was in want 


1 Cf. Book II. x. 24. 
: 373 


9 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


mpoBatiov hv, todTo 8) és TO iepdy omoven 
TONAH Hyev. AOpoikerar ev odv ypuood Te Kal 
apyvpou kal dd\Xov Ypnudtov Tautou TAOS, 
déd0Ta S€ brép AVTpav ovdé&. Bovlys yap 
évtad0a Trapav érvyxer, ds Siaxwddoat THY TpaEW 
tméotn, Képdos of écecOar péya Te evOévde Kapa- 
Soxdv. 610 69 0 Xoopons Tors aixuadwrous 
admavtas émayopevos mpdocw éxwper. Kappnvol 
dé amnvtav Xpnuata Toa TpoTEWopueEvot’ oO 
5é€ od mpoonxew epacxev, 6tt 51) of TAEicTOL OV 
Xpiotiavol, adra SdEns THs Tadads TuyXdvovcw 
6VTES. . 

Kal piv kal Kevotavtiiéov xphyata 6t- 
dovtwy édéEato, Kaitmep ddcxwv oi éx Tatépwv 
Tpoonkew THY TOAW.  €mred1 yap KaBadns 
"Apiday elrev, "Edeoody te xal Kovortavtivay 
éfereiv HO0edev. GAN ’Edéoons pev ayxov yevo- 
pevos TOV payov avetruvOdveTo el of GXWOLpOS 1) 
moms éotar, delEas TH SeEa yeupt TO yepiov 


10 avtois. of 5€ avT@ Ty TOAW drocerVat ov- 


Semed enyavhn édeyov, Texparpomevor St. Sy THY 
SeEvav avTh yelpa mporeivas, ovY adoOoews TAVTH 
ovdé aAXOU oTOVoOUY yareTrodD EvpRBonror, add 


/ / \ a n > / > 7 
ll c@tnpias Sid0in. Kal ds TadTa aKovoas, émel- 


, beret eg = ga eN 4 \ / 
Gero Te Kal éerhyey ert Kovotavtivay TO otTpa- 


an A 
12 revpa. evtadOa dé adixopevos evatpatoTredeve- 


nA fal 4 
oOat Tavti TO oTpAaT@® @S TOALOPKHTwV ETé- 


13 oteAnev.. vy Sé Kevotartivns . iepeds . ToTE 


Bapdéotos, avnp Sixaos Te Kal TO Oe@ és TA pa- 
Mora piros, Kal am’ avTod évepyovoar és 6 Tt Bov- 
Roto del THY evynY EX@V? OV Kal TO MpocwToV 
id@v av tis evOds elxacev Ste 8 TO Oe@ evdenre- 


374 


a - ~~ ee)> . ae. 
‘ 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, IL. xiii. 4-13 


of plate or of money, but who had an ass or a sheep, 
brought this to the sanctuary with great zeal. So 
there was collected an exceedingly great amount 
of gold and silver and money in other forms, but 
not a bit of it was given for ransom. For Bouzes hap- 
pened to be present there, and he took in hand to 
prevent the transaction, expecting that this would 
bring him some great gain. Therefore Chosroes 
moved forward, taking with him all the captives. 
And the citizens of Carrhae met him holding out 
to him great sums of money; but he said that it 
did not belong to him because the most of them are 
not Christians but are of the old faith. 

But when, likewise, the citizens of Constantina 
offered money, he accepted it, although he asserted 
that the city belonged to him from his fathers. For 
at the time when Cabades took Amida, he wished 
also to capture Edessa) and Constantina. But when 
he came near to Edessa he enquired of the Magi 


_ whether it would be possible for him to capture the 


city, pointing out the place to them with his right 
hand. But they said that the city would not be 
captured by him by any device, judging by the fact 
that in stretching out his right hand to it he was 
not giving thereby the sign of capture or of any 
other grievous thing, but of salvation. And when 
Cabades heard_this, he was convinced and led his 
army on to Constantina.s And upon arriving there, 
he issued orders to the whole army to encamp for a 
siege. Now the priest of Constantina was at that 
time Baradotus, a just man and especially beloved of 
God, and his prayers for this reason were always 
effectual for whatever he wished; and even seeing 
his face one would have straightway surmised that 


375 


508 A.D. 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


14 YéoTata Keyapicpévos 6 avynp ein. obTos oO 
Bapdéotos thvixadta mapa tov KaBdbdnv édOov 
olvov Te HveyKe Kal ioxddas Kal péde Kal Ka- 
Gapods dprovs, Kal avtod ébeito un) arroTrerpacbat 
Torews 4 ovTe Adyou akia éotl Kal mpos 

@paiov arnuédXntar Aiav, ovTE oTpPATLWTOV 
gpovpav éxovca ote ddAdo TL HuAaKTHPpLOD, 
Gra Tods oiKHTOpas povous, avOpw@Trovs oik- 

15 Tpovs. Oo pev Ttadta eime KaPddns o€ aite 
THv Te mwodkwW XapieicOar wporoynoe Kal Tols 
citiows. €OwpHncaTo avTov admacw boca oi TO 
oTpatoTréd@ €s THY TOMOpKiaY HTOLMagTO, meya- 
Los UTEeppuas ovtow: ovTw Te aTNAdOCETO EK 
yas THs “Popaiwov. 616 6) 0 Xoapons €« ma- 
Tépwv of mpoonKkew HEiov THY TOW. 

16 °Es Adpas te aduixdpevos és modopkiav Kabi- 
otato. évoo0ev Sé “Pwpaior Kat Maprivos o 
otpatnyos (Kal yap évradOa adv érvye) Ta €&s avri- 

17 cotaow €&nptvovto. Sto 5é 4 Tors TeiXeot TEpL- 
BéBrAnTat, Ov TO per évTds peya Te Kal aEioOéaTov 
atexvas éatw (és thos yap Sujker mipyos pev 
&xaotos Today Exatov, TO dé GAO Teixos EEN- 
KOVTA), TO SE EKTOS TOAAD ev EXaTcov cupuPaiver 
eivat, dd\Aws O€é Exupov Te Kal Aoyou TOAAOD aELOv 

18 ott. TO dé petakv ywpiov edpos ovy Hoop 7 
TevTHKOVTA exer TodM@v: évTavOa ci@facr Aa- 
pnvol tovs te Boas cal tTaddr\a fa Toreuiov 

19 chiow éyxepévav éuBdrrecOar. Ta pev ovv 
mpara 0 Xoopons m poo Body Towns dwevos és Ta 
mpos éomtépay Tov TepiBorov mANnOer Te Bedov 
Biacdpevos, tas mas Teixous TOD Bpayxéos 

20 €vérrpnoev. évTds pévtor yevéoOar ovdels TOV 


376 





a i eo ell a i ee ol 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II.-.xiii. 13-20 


_ this man was most) completely acceptable to God. 


This Baradotus came then to Cabades bearing wine 
and dried figs and honey and unblemished loaves, 
and entreated. him not to make an attempt on a city 
which was not of any importance and which was very 
much neglected by the Romans, having neither a 
garrison of soldiers nor any other defence, but only 
the inhabitants, who were pitiable folk. Thus spoke 
the priest ; and Cabades promised that he would grant 
him the city freely, and he presented him with all 
the food-supplies which had been prepared by him 
for the army in anticipation of the siege, an 
exceedingly great quantity ; and thus he departed 
from the land of the Romans. For this reason it 
was that Chosroes claimed that the city belonged to 
him from his fathers. 

And when he reached Daras, he began a siege ; 
but within the city the Romans and Martinus, their 
general (for it happened that he was there), made 
their preparations for resistance. Now the city is 
surrounaed by two walls, the inner one of which 
is of great size and a truly wonderful thing to 
look upon (for each tower reaches to a height 
of a hundred feet, and the rest of the wall to sixty), 
while the outer wall is much smaller, but in other 
respects strong and one to be reckoned with 
seriously. And the space. between has a breadth 
of not less than fifty feet; in that place the citizens 
of Daras are. accustomed to put their cattle and 
other animals when an enemy assails them. At 
first then Chosroes made an assault on the _forti- 
fications toward the west, and forcing back his 
opponents by overwhelming numbers of missiles, 
he set fire to the gates of the small wall. However 


377 


21 


22 


23 


24 


25 


26 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


BapBdpov érorpnoev. erecta b€ KaT@pyxa 
TrovetaVar NdOpa és TA Tpds Ew THs TOAEWS eyVO. 
TavTn yap povov dpvocecOa 1 yh ola Té éoTwW, 
émel Ta GANA TOD TepiBorov emt métpas Tots 
Seiuapévors TreTointar. ot yoov Ilépoat aro THs 
tadpov apEdpevor wpvacov. hs 6) PBabeias 
Kop.on ovons, ovTe KaOewpavTO POs TMV TONE- 
piwy ovTe avtois Twa aicOnow Tod moLovpéevou 
TapeiyovTo. On pev odv wrédvcoav Ta Oepedua 
Tov €xTos Telxous, guedrov dé Kal KaTa THY 
petakdD yopav éxatépov mepiBorou ytvopevot 
driy@ votepov Kal TO péya Tetxos apeirpayTes 


Thy mov Kata Kpdtos édelv, AXN (ov yap 


airy eer [lépoais ddavar) els éx Tod Xoapoov 
otpatotésov audi nuépay péonv dyxvord 
™ Tod TEptBdrou povos adixeto, cite avOpw- 
mos av elite TL GAO avOpwrov xKpeiccor, 
dofav Te Tols opacu TapelXeTo btt 59 Ta Bédm 
EvAréyou Grep €x Tov Teixous “Pwpaior drive 
mpotepov €mlt tovs évoyAodytas BapBapous adi- 
Kav. Tad’Td Te ToL Kal THY aoTida mTpoBe- 
Brnpévos éperyerciv te Tovs &v tals émadfeor 
kat Ev yédott ToOdbew éddxer. eita dpacas 
avtois Tov TavTa Royov éypyyopévae mayTas 
éxédeve Kal as et pddvota THs owTnpias émipe- 
AeicOar. Kal o wév TadTa onuHvas aTioVv BxXETO, 
“‘Pwpaior Sé Ta ev péow Teixous Exatépou GopvBo 
TOANM Kal Tapayh éxédXevoy ocKaTTEW. Kab 
Tlépoa: pévtor ovK eiddTes TA Tpacaopeva ovdEV 
TL }ooov épyou eiyovTo. Ta pEev ov BapBdpwr 
opOnv tia évepbev trotovupév@y oddyv emt TO THS 


378 


NS 
7 - d 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xiii. 20-26 


no one of the barbarians dared to get inside. Next 
he decided to make a tunnel secretly at the eastern 
side of the city. For at this point alone can the 
earth be dug, since the other parts of the forti- 
fications were set upon rock by the builders. So 
the Persians began to dig, beginning from their 
trench. And since this was very deep, they were 
neither observed by the enemy nor did they afford 
them any means of discovering what was being 
done. So they had already gone under the 
foundations ,of the outer wall, and were about to 
reach the space between the two walls and’ soon 
after to pass also the great wall and take the city 
by force; but since it was not fated to be captured 
by the Persians, someone from the camp of Chos- 


 roes came alone about midday close to the forti- 


fications, whether a man or something else greater 
than man, and he made it appear to those who saw 
him that he was collecting the weapons which the 
Romans had a little before discharged from the 
wall against the barbarians who were assailing them. 
And while doing this and holding his shield before 
him, he seemed to be bantering those who were 
on the parapet and taunting them with laughter. 
Then he told them of everything and commanded 
them all to be on the watch and to take all possible 
care for their safety. After revealing these things 
he was off, while the Romans with much shouting 
and confusion were ordering men to dig the ground 
between the two walls. The Persians, on the other 
hand, not knowing what was being done, were 
pushing on the work no less than before. So while 
the Persians were making a straight way under- 
ground to the wall of the city, the Romans. by the 


379 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


TONEWS TetXos, tav dé ‘Popatov [re]? @codepov 
“youn, é ent copia TH Kahovpevy bnxXavenh Aoryiov 
avd pos, éykapotay TE Tip Sudbpuxa Epyatopevev 
Kal Babous (KaVOS éxoveay, EvveBn Tlépoas 
Kata pécov Toi meptBodow yevennpevous ex TOD 
aipvidiou eumeceiy és THY “Popatov KaTopuxa, 
Kal avT@y TOUS pev T PWTOUS ‘Popaior é exTeway, 
oi 6é émia ev huyovTes Kata TaXOS €s TO oTparo- 
Tedov diea@Onoar. SubKew yap avrovs év | TKOTD 
“Popaitor ovdapi) éyvocay. TaUTNS ov THS 
metpas O Xoo pons amoTuxX@v édely TE THY TOAD 
enxavi} TO orTroyv ovdemsa éXrricas, Tots mowop- 
KOUMEVOLS és Aédryous . ibe, yinud TE KEKO PLT MEVOS 
dpryipou oTaOua és Ta Hepa av On &x@pel. 
TadTa érrel Bactnrevs "Tove revtavos epaber, ovKeére 
Ta Evyneipeva. emiTenh Touno ely HOENEV, ETLKANOV 
Xoo poy 6 ote 82 Todw Adpas é€v omovbais é&enXetv 
évexelpnce. TavTa ev ey TH TpOrTn Xoo péou 
éoBorH “Papaio EvvéByn, wal 7d Oépos pev 
eTeNeUTA. 


XIV 


‘O 8e Xoo pons 5 iene év "Accupiots deupa- 
pevos & xepo” Krnoipdytos TONEWS Suéxove 
Tpépas 000, “Avtioxerdy te THY Xoopdov avray 


erwvou“ace Kal "Avtioxéov TOUS ax parw@rous 
evrabia Evvexicev atraytas, ols &7 Badaveiov 
TE KAL immoSpopeov kareakevate Kab tals addaus 
tpupais avetcOar érrote. Tovs Te yap HvLoxous 


1 [re] bracketed by Dindorf. =” xépp Maltretus: yépa MS. 
380 








HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xiii. 26-xiv. 2 


advice of Theodorus, a man learned in the science 
called mechanics, were constructing their trench 
in a cross-wise direction and making it of sufficient 
depth, so that when the Persians had reached the 
middle point between the two circuit-walls they 
suddenly broke into the trench of the Romans. 
And the first of them the Romans killed, while 
those in the rear by fleeing at top speed into the 
camp saved themselves. For the Romans decided 
by no means to pursue them in the dark. So 
Chosrive, failing in this attempt and having no 
hope that he would take the city by any device 
thereafter, opened negotiations with the besieged, 
and carrying away a thousand pounds of silver he 
retired into the land of Persia. When this came 
to the knowledge of the Emperor Justinian, he was_ 
no longer willing to carry the agreement into effect, 
charging Chosroes with having attempted to capture 
the city of Daras during a truce. Such were the 
fortunes of the Romans during the first invasion 
of Chosroes ; and the summer drew to its close. 


XIV 


Now Chosroes built a city in Assyria in a place one 
day’s journey distant from the city of Ctesiphon, and 
he named it the Antioch of Chosroes and settled there 
all the captives from Antioch, constructing for them a 


_ bath and a hippodrome and providing that they should 


have free enjoyment of their other luxuries besides. 
For he brought with him charioteers and musicians 


381 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Kal TOUS TOV Povo tcav epyov Teyvitas &éK Te 
"Avtioxetas Kal TOV adhov ‘Popaixav TONEWY 
Evy auTe yey. ete pévTor Kal Snpooia 
TODS "Avtioxéas TOUTOUS emripeher Tepes ) Kat 
aixpadarous éaitifev és mavTa TOV Xpovov, Kab 
Baowdixovs Kaneio Gat nElov, @oTE Tov dpxovTe@v 
ovdert bmoxerpious eivas 7) Bacirel move. et bé 
TUS Kal TOV adov ‘Pepatov SparréTns Yeyoves 
és [Avruoxeray THY Xoo poov Svapuyeiy laxuoe, 
Kai TIS avon * Euyyev, TOV TAUTY Gen pevev 
ExaNETED, ouKert efi TO KEKTNMEV Top aixXpd- 
AwTOV TOUTOV am ayew, ove Hv Tis TOY Alay év 
Tépoaes doxipwv 0 Tov avOpwrrov éEavdpatrodicas 
TUYX aol. 

‘Avtioxedor pEVTOL TO EvpBav émt “Avactaciou 
Bactrevovtos Tépas &s TOvTO aroBay erehevTIOE. 
TOTE yap avémov oKANpOW Adduy TO Tpoagrel@ 
ex Tod aipvidiou émuTres OvTOS, TOY KUTaApLac@Y 
al TaUTY inynrat aTEXVOS Hoa ex putav TOV 
eax atov dvarpameta at els Ty yi émecov, domep 
0 VOMOS éxrépver Gar ovdapuh ela. Ory poev oop 
ortepov, anvixa "Tova tivos ‘Popatov TPXE: oeL- 
o Mos TLS emruyevopevos éEatovos iav THY Te TOAW 
KATETELTE mao ay Kab TOY oixodounpatov | Th Te 
mrEloTa Kab KaXMOTA és TO Sagos evOds Hveyxe, 
Kal AeyovTas TOTE TpudKovTa puprddes "AvTLox cov 
dmrohwrévar. év tavtn 5&é Th ddkooe Etpraca 
<I TOMS, ao mep joou éop7On, buépOaprar. TO pev 
ovv ‘Avtioxéov maOos THOE € EX@pPNTE. 

Beda apuos b€ Bacvnet € és BuSaytioy é& "IraMas 
petdneumtos Oe, Kat avTov SvayemacavTa év 


1 girdbv Hoeschel : abrav P. 


382 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xiv. 2-8 


| both from:Antioch and from the other Roman cities. 


Besides this he always provisioned these citizens of © 


Antioch at public expense more carefully than in the 
fashion of captives, and he required that they be called 
king’s subjects, so as to be subordinate to no one of the 
magistrates, but to the king alone. And if any one 
else too who was a Roman in slavery ran away and 
succeeded in escaping to the Antioch of Chosroes, 
and if he was called a kinsman by any one of those 
who lived there, it was no longer possible for the 
owner of this captive to take him away, not even if 
he who had enslaved the man happened to be a 
person of especial note among the Persians. 

Thus, then, the portent which had come to the 
citizens of Antioch in the reign of Anastasius reached 
this final fulfilment for them. For at that time a 
violent wind suddenly fell upon the suburb of 
Daphne, and some of the cypresses which were 
there of extraordinary height were overturned 
from the extremities of their roots and fell to 
the earth—trees which the law forbade absolutely 
to be eut down. Accordingly, a little later, when 
Justinus was ruling over the Romans, the place 
was visited by an exceedingly violent earthquake, 
which shook down the whole city and straightway 
brought to the ground the most and the finest of the 
buildings, and it is said that at that time three 
hundred thousand of the population of Antioch 
perished, And finally in this capture the whole city, 
as has been said, was destroyed. Such, then, was 
the calamity which befell the men of Antioch. 

And Belisarius came to Byzantium from Italy, 
summoned by the emperor; and after he had spent 


383 


526 A.D. 


10 


ll 


12 


13 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Bulavrio oT paranyov émt Te Xoo pény Kab  Mépoas 
dia 7pe apxopevp Bacvreds Emepapev apxovrds 
te Tous €& Itadias Evv avr@ TKOVTAS, av 6) eva 
Banepravov nryeta Oar TaY év ’Appeviors KaTanoyov 
exéneve. Maprivos yap eruxev ev0vs eis Thy 
ésav otaneis, Kal bua TovTO Xoo pons avurTov, 
@s mpodednorar, € és Adpas et pe. TOV dé T'670av 
Odirriyis fev é&v Bulartio é cpewev, oi 6é Aovrrol 
EvputravTes emt Xoo pony oop Behucapip eo pa- 
Tevoay. TOTe TOV Oburriryisos mpéaBewy drepos 
péev, domep Tob emitKoTOU dvomaros emeBarever, 
év Tots: Ilepoav nec Ouijo Ket, 0 6é én ETE pos 
avTod éuewev. dats S€ avrois Eppmvevs elrrero 
avexopnoev és ‘Papatov TY yhv, Kal avTov 


‘Todvuns, os TOY év Mecorotapig OT pATLMT oY 


TIpXEVs appl Ta Kovoravtivns dpa EvANaBov 
és Te TID Tokw eicaryaryo év Secpwotnpia KaQ- 
eipfev, damep ot évrada aTravTa avarvv0a- 
vopévep Ta mem paryweva. éEnveyxe. TadTa bev 
oby THde eX@pNTE. Beduodpwos dé Eby Tots éT0- 
pévors Kara TAX OS HEL, T porepha at éy o7rou 
éyov mpiv TWa o Xoo péns éaBodnv adOis Toun- 
oetat és “Pwpaiwy tiv yhv. 


XV 


"Ev TOUT@ dé 0 Xoo ons érh Kon ida TOV 
oTpaToV Hye, Aalov avr ov err aryoweveov é& aitias 
Tova de. Aagot Ta pev T™ para ynv THY Konyida 
@KOUD, “Popatey KATHKOOL GYTES, OV pevT OL €s 
bédpov anaywynv, ovoé TL AAO emayyéAdOVEW 


384 








HISTORY OF TH® W*8S, IL. xiv. 8—xv. 2 


the winter in Byzantium, the emperor sent him as 

general against Chosroes and the Persians at the 
opening of spring, together with the officers who had 
come with him from Italy, one of whom, Valerianus, 
he commanded to lead the troops in Armenia. For 
Martinus had been sent immediately to the East, 
and for this reason Chosroes found him at Daras, as 
has been stated above. And among the Goths, 
Vittigis remained in Byzantium, but all the rest 
marched with Belisarius against Chosroes. At that 
time one of the envoys of Vittigis, he who was 
assuming the name of bishop, died in the land of 
Persia, and the other one remained there. And the 
man who followed them as interpreter withdrew to 
the land of the Romans, and John, who was com- 
manding the troops in Mesopotamia, arrested him 
near the boundaries of Constantina; and bringing him 
into the city confined him in a prison ; there the man 
in answer to his enquiries related everything which 
had been done. Such, then, was the course of these 
events. And Belisarius and his followers went in 
haste, since he was eager to anticipate Chosroes’ 
making any second invasion into the land of the 
Romans. 


XV 


But in the meantime Chosroes was leading his 
army against Colchis, where the Lazi were calling 
him in for the following reason. The Lazi at 
first dwelt in the land of Colchis as subjects of the 
Romans, but not to the extent of paying them 


385 
VOL, I. : ; cc 


541 a.p. 


oO 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


avrois émaxovovTes, TAH ye 5) Ste érreiday 
avrois 0 PBacireds TeAEUT IO ELE, EvpuBora TAS 
apXIs TO dadefopmeve TI Bacirelav o 0 ‘Popator 
Bacvreds emewTe, ra dé THS X@pas Spa Edy 
Tos apxopevors és TO ax puBes Suepddaccen, 6 oT@S 


8H va) Odvvor TohépLot €& dpous Tod Kavedgou, 


Ou popou opiow dvTOs, dua Aagiens 70 pevoHEvoL 
éoBaddoow és yy Tip ‘Popaiwv. _epuraccov 
d€ oUTE avrol Xenwara 7) oTpaTLay 7 pos ‘Popatov 
Sex opevor ouTE ‘Popators 7) Evotparevoves, én 
éuTropig dé TH Kara Oddacoay ™ pos “Pwpaious 
del rods év TOvT@ @enpévous épryagouevor. avrol 
pev yap ovTe ddas obte citov ove ado TL ayabov 
exougl, déppers S€ Kal Bupoas Kal avdpamrosa 
TApEXOMEVOL Ta oiow émiTnoeta éxopivovTo. 
érreto) O€ TA appl Toupyéver TO "TBnpov Bacidet 
yevéo Gar Euvérrecer, @ OoTEp [OL év Tois éumpoo bev 
Aoyous éppnOn, otpati@ras ‘Popatov eTLXO- 
pravew Aagois jp§avro, ols 62 of BdpBapor ovToL 
XP ovT0, Kal TavToV pdMoTa Ilétp» TO oTpa- 
TNYDs émnpeaew Tots évruyxdvovew eUTETOS 
exov7u. 0 be Ilérpos ovTOS wpynTo bev é& 
"Apfavnvijs, uy) ExT OS Nupdiov moTapoo éoTt, 
Ilepo av KAT HKOOS €x maravod ovca, TpOS "Tovert- 
vou 6€ Baciréws é ert mais @v jSparo loTO, jie 
"loverivos pera THY "Apidns doow Eov Te 
Kénepos otpaté éo€éBadrev és THY Tlepo av yi. 
prravO pomig 5é TONKA Xpemevou TOU KEeKTnMEVOU 
és avTov &s ypaupaticTov epoirnee. Kal TH pep 
T pata lovartivou ypapparevs ryéyovev, émel dé 
’Avactaciou TeTeXeuTNKOTOS ‘lovativos THY Bact- 


386 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xv. 2-8 


tribute or obeying their commands in any respect, 
except that, whenever their king died, the Roman 
emperor would send emblems of the office to him 
who was about to succeed to the throne. And he, 


:. together with his subjects, guarded strictly the 








boundaries of the land in order that hostile Huns 
might not proceed from the Caucasus mountains, which 
adjoin their territory, through Lazica and invade the 
land of the Romans. And they kept guard without 
receiving money or troops from the Romans and 
without ever joining the Roman armies, but they 
were always engaged in commerce by sea with the 
Romans hs live on the Black Sea. For they them- 
selves have neither salt nor grain nor any other 


_ good thing, but by furnishing skins and hides and 


slaves. they secured the supplies which they needed. 
But when the events came to pass in which 
Gourgenes, the king of the Iberians, was concerned, 
as has been told in the preceding narrative,’ Roman 


- soldiers began to be quartered among the Lazi; and 


these barbarians were annoyed by the soldiers, and 
most of all by Peter, the general, a man who was prone 


_ to treat insolently those who came into contact with 


him. This Peter was a native of Arzanene, which is 
beyond the River Nymphius, a district subject to the 
Persians from of old, but while still a child he had 
been captured and enslaved by the Emperor Justinus 
at the time when Justinus, after the taking of Amida, 
was invading the land of the Persians with Celer’s 
army.? And since his owner showed him great kind- 
ness, he attended the school of a grammatist. And 
at first he became secretary to Justinus, but when, 
after the death of Anastasius, Justinus took over the 
1 Cf. Book I. xii. 4 ff. 2 Cf. Book I. viii. 21-22. 


387 
—ec 2 


10 


ll 


12 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Aetav mapéraBe “Popaiwv, 6 Ilérpos otpatnyos 
yeyovas & te didoxpnpatiav elmep tis adXOS 
> 4 \ > / a > ov 
eF@netNe kat aBeXtepia TodkH és aravtas 
expire. 

“Yorepov S& Bacireds "lovetwiavds addous TE 
és Aatixny dpxovtas émepape cal “lwdvyny dv 
T&iBov éxdrour, dvipa €& adpavav pev Kat adokov 
apyny yeyovora, és otparnyiay 8& avaBeBnxora 
Kat adddo ovdev 1) tt TovnpdtaTds TE hv avOpo-— 
Tov andvtav Kal mopous xXpnudtev adixous * 
e , b) ~ a \ ¢ 4 
ixav@tatos ékevpeiv. ods 512 adravta éopyr€é TE 
Kal cvverdpaée Ta ‘Pwopaiwr te cat Aatav mpdy- 

& \ A ? \ J 

pata. ovtos cat Baoirtéa “lovetiviavoy modw 
245 > / / 4 ? a 
avéreccev énOaracciar, Ilérpav dvopa, év Aalois 
Seiuacbar evtad0d te GoTEp ev axpoTrodet KAON- 
prevos Fryé te Kal pepe ta Aatov mpdypyara. 

7 \ uA \ a A / fal 
Tous Te yap adas Kal doa adra hoptia Aalois 
avayKxaia édoKet civ, ovKETL Pépew, és yqv TH 
Konrxida. trois eum opous eEjv, 7) adroOt év0év6e 
aveta bat, adr év Hérpq? Evo tno dpevos TO 6) 
KaXovpEvor povoTr@hioy auros Kamrnros Te Kal 
Evyrdaons THs mepl tadta épyacias émictarns 
éyiyvero, dravta @vovpevos Te Kal arrodsdopuevos 
Koryors, ovx ‘amep el@icro, add’ grep efi. 
dpa dé Kal ados of BdpBapor jxPovro ému- 
xo pidfovTe avrois ovK eloO os 7 pOT€ pov TO “Po- 
paiwv oTpaT@. a On ovKéte héperv olot Te OVTES 
Ilépcars te Kai Xoopon mpooxapetivy eqvarar 


1 4dl{xous VGP corr. : adicwr P pr. m. 
2 TMérpa, Hoeschel : wérpans MSS. 


388 














HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xv. 8-12 


Roman empire, Peter was made a general, and he 
degenerated into a slave of avarice, if anyone ever 
did, and showed himself very fatuous in his treat- 


ment of all. 


' And later the Emperor Justinian sent different 
officers to Lazica, and among them John, whom 
they called Tzibus, a man of obscure and ignoble 
descent, but who had climbed to the office of 
general by virtue of no other thing than that he 
was the most accomplished villain in the world and 
most successful in discovering unlawful sources of 
revenue. . This man unsettled and threw into 
confusion all the relations of the Romans and the 
Lazi. He also persuaded the Emperor Justinian 
to build a city on the sea in Lazica, Petra by name; 
and there he sat as in a citadel and plundered the 
property of the Lazi. For the salt, and all other 
cargoes which were considered necessary for the 
Lazi, it was no longer possible for the merchants 
to bring into the land of Colchis, nor could they 
purchase them elsewhere by sending for them, but he 


set up in Petra the so-called “monopoly” and him- 


self became a retail dealer and overseer of all the 
handling of these things, buying everything and 
selling it to the Colchians, not at the customary 
rates, but as dearly as possible. At the same time, 
even apart from this, the barbarians were annoyed 
by the Roman army quartered upon them, a thing 
which had not been customary previously. Ac- 
cordingly, since they were no longer able to endure 
these things, they decided to attach themselves to 
the Persians and Chosroes, and immediately they 


389 


13 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


mpéa Bes Te avtixa Ttods tadta Svat pakopévous 

, ¢ , Pe, > \ j \ 
Kptvpa “Popaiwv map adtods éreurav. ols 87 
eipnTo Ta TLcTa Tpos Xoapoov AaBodow StL ye 
+ \ ba > / e , a 
ovmote Aalovs axovtas éxdoce ‘Pwpaiors, ovT@ 
67 aitov Elv 7@ Ilepoav otpat@ és Thy ywpav 
éerrayayéo Oau.4 


/ “Adixcpevoe toivur és Tépoas oi mpéoBews nat 
‘Xoopon AdOpa és div edOovtes EheEav Toidde 
> 


“Ei twas kal ddXovs €x Tod mavTos Ypovoy TOV 
bev oikeiwy arootdytas Svtwwa 82 TpoToV, av- 
bpdot 5€ TO Tapdray ayvact T POT KEX@PNKOTAS 
ov déov adOis ed Towodca 4 TUYN @S padioTa 
aopévous émlt Tovs mply éraviyayev emitnodelous, 
totovtous 6 twas Kai Aalous, ®& péyiote Bact- 
Ned, vouse elvar. Koryou yap Uépoaus ovp- 
paxor TO avéxabev dures TONG TE eipydeavro 
avTovs ayaba Kai avtol érabov- av dn &v ypap- 
pact pynueta TONGA tes TE Ex opev Kav ToS 
Bacireiows Tois cois és TO mapov siacwterat. 
Xpove dé Borepov _ TORS HuETEpOLS Tporyovots 
TETUXNKED ElTe TAP Uu~ov apednOeiow elite AXdOV 
Tou évexa (ov yap éxouév te capes tepl TovTav 
eidévat) “Pwpaiows evorrovdois yevécOar. Kal viv 
nueis Te kal 0 Aatixis Bacireds Sidopev Mépoais 
Has Te avTods Kal yhv THY huetépav 6 Tt Bowrot- 
a0e ypicOa. SedpeOa b€ tuav obtwol oKoTel- 
cOat mepl auav: ei péev ovdev mpos “Popaiwv 
metrovOores Oevov, GAN ayvapyootvn exXopevot 
KEeXopnica Lev els Upas, THVde Hua@v evOUS atro- 
aeicacbe Thy ixeTeiay, ovde tuiy ToTe TLaTOUS 
1 énayayéoOu: Haury: wapayayérba VG, arayayérbu P, 


39° 


_ ee ne ae 


——— 
4 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xv. 12-18 


sent to them envoys who were to arrange this 
without the knowledge of the Romans. These men 
had been instructed that they should take pledges 
from Chosroes that he would never give up the Lazi 
against their will to the Romans, and that with this 
understanding they should bring him with the 
Persian army into the land. 

Accordingly the envoys went to the Persians, and 
coming secretly before Chosroes they said: “If any. 
people in all time have revolted from their own 
friends in any manner whatsoever and attached 
themselves wrongfully to men utterly unknown to 
them, and after that by the kindness of fortune 
have been brought back once more with greatest 
rejoicing to those who were formerly their own, 
consider, O Most mighty King, that such as these 
are the Lazi. For the Colchians in ancient times, 
as allies of the Persians, rendered them many good 
services and were themselves treated in like manner ; 
and of these things there are many records in books, 
some of which we have, while others are preserved 
in thy palace up to the present time. But at a later 
time it came about that our ancestors, whether 
neglected by you or for some other reason (for we 
are unable to ascertain anything certain about this 
matter), became allies of the Romans. And now 
we and the king of Lazica give to the Persians both 
ourselves and our land to treat in any way you may 
desire. And we beg of you to think thus concerning 
us: if, on the one hand, we have suffered nothing 
outrageous at the hands of the Romans, but have 
been prompted by foolish motives in coming to you, 
reject this prayer of ours straightway, considering 


° 39! 


19 


21 


22 


23 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


écecOar Koryous oiouevor (pidias yap Siare- 
Aupevns 6 TpoTos THS pet exeivnv mpos érépous 
L > , 7 OX L » 
Kabvotapévys ereyxos yiryverat) ef dé Oy@ pev 
/ € / »” \ > , / 
diror ‘Pwpaiwv, épye 5é avdpdroda yeyovdres 
mista, épya meTovOapev Tpos TOV eh Huy TE- 
Tupavynkotav avooia, béEacbe pev Has ToS 
mpocbe Evppaxous, xtncacbe Sé Sovdous ols 
dirow éexphobe, pronocate 5& tupavvida miKpav 
otTws nuiv ev yettovev éeynyeppévnv, THS StKato- 
/ ” uA / > 
cuvns a&ia mpdooovtes tv TeptaTtéddew Gel 
matpiov Ilépcais. ov yap o pndéev adtos aduk@v 
Sixaios, e6 pn Kal Tos bd étépwv adiKovpevous 
” > 2 / ei f 4 \ 
éyav év e£ovoia piecOar trépuxev. Ena Se 
eimely @Y TeTOAUHKaTW of KaTdpatot “Papatos 
% teow 7 a \ \ ¢ , a 
Kal’ Hav akiov. Te pwev yap hyuetéepm Bacinret 
TO oXfpa povoy THs PBacidreias amoNTovTes, 
avtot THv é€ovciay énmt TaV Epyav adynpnvTat, 
Kal KaOnta. Baciredrs €v vmnpétou poipa, Tov 
eTLTATTOVTA OTpaTHYyOV OEdLOs: oTpaTLas Oé Huiv 
éméotncav TAHOOS, ovY Oras THY YoOpav amo 
Tov évoxydovUVT@V ppovpHnaovow '! (ov yap OvdE TIS 
TOV Omopav Huds TARY ye 67 “Pwapaiov nvOeyrAn- 
gev), GX Oras Has woTep ev SecpworTnpip 
KabeipEavtes Kipios TOV HueTép@v yevnoovTat. 
oyroapevor S€ ovvtTopwtépay Tomcacbar THY 
TOV Hiv drapxovTov adpatpecw, Gpa, ® Bactred, 
4 


b] c , » Ss rn b] / 
/ és omolav Tiva évvotav HAOov: TaV émiTHOEL@OV 
a \ ? / 4 
& pev TEepiTTa Tap €Exelvols evar TEeTUXNKEV, * 


> / > € , by lal ww 
avayxavovow ovyx EkKovTAaS aveicbar Aafous, 60a 


1 ppovpnaovew VG: ppovphowow P, 
392 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xv. 18-24 


that with you likewise the Colchians will never be 
trustworthy (for when a friendship has been dissolved, 
a second friendship formed with others becomes, 
owing to its character, a matter of reproach) ; but if 
we have been in name friends of the Romans, but in 
fact their loyal slaves, and have suffered impious 
treatment at the hands of those who have tyrannized 
over us, receive us, your former. allies, and acquire 
as slaves those whom you used to treat as friends, 
and show your hatred of a cruel tyranny which 
has risen thus on our borders, by acting worthily of 
that justice which it has always been the tradition 
of the Persians to defend. For the man who him- 
self does no wrong is not just, unless he is also 
accustomed to rescue those who are wronged by 


_ others when he has it in his power. But it is worth 


while to tell a few of the things which the accursed 
Romans have dared to do against us. In the first 
place they have left our king only the form of royal 
power, while they themselves have appropriated the 
actual authority, and he sits a king in the position 
of a servant, fearing the general who issues the 
orders ; and they have put upon us a multitude of 
soldiery, not in order to guard the land against those 
who harass us (for not one of our neighbours except, 
indeed, the Romans has disturbed us), but in order 
that they may confine us as in a prison and make 
themselves masters of our possessions. And _ pur- 
posing to make more speedy the robbery of what 
we have, behold, O King, what sort of a design 
they have formed; the supplies which are in excess 
among them they compel the Lazi to buy against 
their will, while those things which are most useful 


393 


26 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


5é avtois xpnouotata dépew Aavixn mépuxer, 
olde! d&iodar O70ev TO NOYH Tap Huov mpliacbar, 
Tins éExatépwOt yvoun Tov KpatotyvTwv opLto- 
pévyns. ovT@ Te Ely Tois dvayxaios admav apat- 
poovrar TO Xpuciov Huds, dvomaTe pev TO THS 
éumopias evmpeTe? ypwpevor, Epyp 5é Huds ws 
éve wdmuota Bralopevor. epéotné Te hiv dpyov 
Kam roS, THY - 7 eT Epa dmoptay epyaciav Twa 
TH TAS apxis eEovcig, TET OLN {LEVOS. a) pev oup 
TS dmoaT da ews aitia TowdtTn Tus ovca TO 
dixatov eg’ éauThs exer" doa dé tyiv avrois 
Evppopa éorat dexouevors THY Aavev dénow 
avTiKa épodpev. ™ Ilepoay apxh Bacrretiav 
apxavorarny mpooOnaere, pnKvvopevov Te an 
auras eere TO THS Hyyepovias akiopa, pereivar 
dé THis ‘Popatov dardoons bpiv dia THs hmetépas 
EvpBnoerar Xopas, éy hh Troid col, @ ‘Bactnred, 
VAUTNYOU HEV Barov ovdert Tove TO év Bugavti 

Tahar tov éorat. petagd yep evavTiopa ovder 


28 €oTL. mpoabein 8 av THs @S Kal Anifes Bat TOUS 


omopous BapBdpous THD “Popaior OHA ava may 


29 eros ép’ opiy KeloeTal. Opeot yap Tots Kav- 


30 


Kacious émetelxiopa pex pe Tobbe yeyovevae Tip 
Aafov X@pay TaVTOS Tov Kal vupels Evveri- 
otacbe. ayyoupévou Tolvuy Tob dixaiou, ™ pooov- 
Tos O€ TOD Evppépovtos, TO pn) OVYXL TOS Adyous 
mpooéo Gau® ovdepias a av evBoudas see elvar.” 
TocavTa pev ot m péo Bets elrov. 

Xoopons Sé€ Tots Aédyots Hjobels eid TE 


1 ofde: of 8& VG corr. P, od8t G pr. m. 
2 rpooécba Maltretus : mpoéo@at MSS, 


394 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xv. 24-31 


to them among the products of Lazica these fellows 
demand to buy, as they put it, from us, the price 
being determined in both cases by the judgment 
of the stronger party. And thus they are robbing 
us of all our gold as well as of the necessities of life, 
using the fair name of trade, but in fact oppressjng 
us as thoroughly as they possibly can. And there 
has been set over us as ruler a huckster who has 
made our destitution a kind of business by virtue 
of the authority of his office. The cause of our 
revolt, therefore, being of this sort, has justice on 
its side; but the advantage which you yourselves 
will gain if you receive the request of the Lazi 
we shall forthwith tell. To the realm of Persia 
you will add a most ancient kingdom, and as a result 
of this you will have the power of your sway ex- 
tended, and it will come about that you will have a 
part in the sea of the Romans through our land, 
and after thou hast built ships in this sea, O King, it 
will be possible for thee with no trouble to set foot 
in the palace in Byzantium. For there is no obstacle 
between. And one might add that the plundering 
of the land of the Romans every year by the bar- 
barians along the boundary will be under our control. 
For surely you also are acquainted with the fact that 
up till now the land of the Lazi has been a bulwark 
against the Caucasus mountains. So with justice 
leading the way, and advantage added thereto, we 
_ consider that not to receive our words with favour 
would be wholly contrary to good judgment.” So 
spoke the envoys. 

And Chosroes, delighted by their words, promised 


395 


32 


33 


34 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Aafois mporoynce kal Tov mpéaBewv érruvOdveto 
el of oTpaT@ peyarw és yhv tiv Konrxida iévar 
dvvata ein. ToAAOV yap aTrayyeAOvToV éepa- 
KEV aknKoevar TA ™ porepa dvcodop ETTLELK OS 
Kat avodpl evtovg TY Yo@pav elvat, Kpnuvedn 
te UTeppuas ovcay Kal  d€v8pors cuxvois TE Kal 
appidadérw ert pax poTaTov ouvexonevny. oi 
d€ of ic upilovro TavTl TO Hepa ev oT pare THY 
éxeivn! odov evmer i) évea Oar, TéuvovcL Mev TA 
SéSpa, és 88 rev KPNMVOv Tas Svaxeplas aura 
éuBarropévors. wal avtol @pooyouv THS TE 
0000 aryepoves Kal tod epyou tovtou Iléparais 
éoeaOai mporovor. Taury 0 Xoo pons err nppLevos 
TH rodney or para Te TONNY ipyetpe Kal Ta 
és THY &hoSov éEnprvero, OvTE TO Bovrevpa és 
Tlépoas e£eveyeav, mryy ye 61 ols Ta amoppnta 
xowonroyeta bat povors et@ber, Kal Tots m peo Beow 
erraryryetNas. Oras Td T paca oueva pndevt ppa- 
TwoW, GXN és ‘TBnpiav TO oy ECTENNETO, WS 

Ta THOE KATATTHOOMEVOS TPaypwaTa* E€OvosS aie 
Ovvvexor évradda mn énicxiyar TH Llepoap 


apxn emeprhpctev. 


XVI 


"Ev ToUT@ dé YevopLevos Bedrodptos év Mego-- 
Torapig mavrax bev TOV oTpaTov Tpyerpe, | ‘Kab 
Twas és Ta Tepoay 779m € éml KAaTaoKOT emewrev. 
avtos 6€ Tois moremiows évtadOa wimavtiaoa 


. 1 éxelvy P: éxetvny VG, 
396 











~ 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xv. 31-xvi. 2 


to protect the Lazi, and enquired of the envoys 
whether it was possible for him to enter the land of 
Colchis with a large army. For he said that 
previously he had héard many persons report that 
the land was exceedingly hard to traverse even for 
an unimpeded traveller, being extremely rugged and 
covered very extensively by thick forests of wide- 
spreading trees, But the envoys stoutly maintained 
to him that the way through the country would be 
easy for the whole Persian army, if they cut the 
trees and threw them into the places which were 
made difficult by precipices. And they promised 
that they themselves would be guides of the route, 
and would take the lead in this work for the 
_ Persians. Encouraged by this suggestion, Chosroes 
gathered a great army and made his preparations for 
the imroad, not disclosing the plan to the Persians 
except those alone to whom he was accustomed to 
communicate his secrets, and commanding the 
envoys to tell no one what was being done ; and he 
pretended that he was setting out into Iberia, in 
order to settle matters there ; for a Hunnic tribe, he 
kept saying in explanation, had assailed the Persian 
domain at that point. 


XVI 


Art this time Belisarius had arrived in Mesopotamia 
and was gathering his army from every quarter, and 
he also kept sending men into the land of Persia to 
act as spies. And wishing himself to encounter the 


397 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


BovXopevos, wv tia éoBornv és “Popaioy Thy 
yhv avOius mroujocwvtai, Sueimé TE avTov 

duekdcper TOvS oTpaTi@Tas, yupvovs TE Kal 
avorrovs én mreloTov dvtas, KaTwppwdnKoTas 
To Llepod@y dvopa. of pay ody KatdoKoTroL 
éravncovtes ovdeniay TOV TOAELL@V ioxupitovro 
éy TH Tapovtt éoBoraw écecOar- Toreuov yap 
Oivvixod acyonrlav Xoapéon érépwOt elvar. Ber- 
cdpis S& tat’ta axovoas mavtl TO oTpaT@ 
ay 4 > lA > n / \ lol 
autixa éoBaddr\ew €5 TOV TOdEMioY THY YhV 
nOere. Kai oi “ApéBas te Edy ToAA@ oTpaT@ 
Lapaxnvav HAVE cai Bacireds ypdppata ypdabas 
éoBddrew Kata tdyos és THY ToEui@y émé- 
aoTeAre yh. Evyxadecas ody amavtas Tovs 
apyovtas év Adpas édreEe tordde ““Amavras 
bas, ® Evvdpyovtes, Tohm@v TOAAOY epwrel- 
pous olda, Evyyyayov te év TO TapovTt, ovx 
Straws brouyyncas | 4 wapaiveciy Twa Touncdpevos 

e 

Thy vpetépay yvounv etl Tods TodEpLoUS OpLnoe 
(od yap Aoyou SeicPar tpas Tod és edToXpiay 
? 4 s > > if 4 

évayovTos olpat), add Oras EvpBovrAny twa 
” e a > a 7 © 7 an Fei 
é&y ye tiv avtots Tmomodpevor EXwpeOa parrov 
amep av S0xn7 BédrXTicTad Te Kal apiota Tots 
Bacirtéws mpdypacw elvat. modAE“os yap ev- 
Boviia wdvtav pddiota KatopOodcOar dire. 
def 5é Tods és BovAnv xabiotapévous aidods Te 

\ / 4 > 4 a \ 
kal PoBov ravtdracw érevOépay Troveicbas Ti 
yvounv. 6 Te yap PoBos, adel Tods ane Te pt- 
. 

TENTWOKOTAS EXTANTOWV, OVK EA Thy SidvoLay 
¢ lA / > \ > 4 

érécOar Ta Kpeicow, H Te aidas éemicKiafovca 
tois Sdfacw elvar apeivoow éml thy évavtiay 


1 Srouvhoas VP: sroxvicas G. 


398 


"oa 


— a 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II, xvi. 2-8 


enemy there, if they should again make an incursion 


‘into the land of the Romans, he was organizing on 


the spot and equipping the soldiers, who were for 
the most part without either arms or armour, and in 
terror of the name of the Persians. Now the spies 
returned and declared that for the present there 


_ would be no invasion of the enemy ; for Chosroes 


‘ 


was occupied elsewhere with a war against the Huns. 
And Belisarius, upon learning this, wished to invade 
the land of the enemy immediately with his whole 
army. Arethas also came to him with a large force 
of Saracens, and besides the emperor wrote a letter 
instructing him to invade the enemy’s country with 


all speed. He therefore called together all the 
officers in Daras and spoke as follows: “1 know that 


all of you, my fellow officers, are experienced in 
many wars, and I have brought you together at the 
present time, not in order to stir up your minds 
against the enemy by addressing to you any re~ 


. minder or exhortation (for I think that you need no 


speech that prompts to daring), but in order that 
we may deliberate together among ourselves, and 
choose rather the course which may seem fairest and 
best for the cause of the emperor. For war is wont 
to succeed by reason of careful planning more than 
by anything else. Now it is necessary that those 


_ who gather for deliberation should make their minds 
_ entirely free from modesty and from fear. For 


‘fear, by paralyzing those who have fallen into it, 


_ doés not allow the reason to choose the nobler 
_ part, and modesty obscures what has been seen to 


be the better course and leads investigation the 


399 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


9 éxpéper THY yar. el Te Toivuy 7 Bacinet TO 
peydre 7) éuol BeBovredaPar v rep Tov mapovroy 
10 doxe?, pndev buds todto eicita. Oo pev yap 
pakpdv Tov aTroNeeympéevos TOV TpaccopEevar, 
ll ovx yeu TOIs Kalpots apuoca Tas mpdkes’ wate 
PoBos ovdeis an’ evavtias avT@ iovtas ta Evvoi- 
12 covta épydvecOar toils avtod mpaypacw. ee 
5é avO@pwrov te dvta Kal ypdve paxp@ é« Tov 
éomrepioy évtad0a edOovta pur) ovxt Svarabeiv te 
13 Tov SedvT@Y ddwvaToV.. M@aTEe OvdéeY THY euHY 
yvopunv aiderOévtas bpas mpoornner Srapphndonv 
cimeiy 60a av Evvoicew piv te adtois Kat 
14 Baciret pérry. TO pev obv é& apyns evOdde 
nKopev, @ Evvapyovtes, ws Svaxw@dUcovTes TOV 
ToAéwoy eo Bornv Tia €s THY HueTépay ToL)- 
cac0a, viv 5é, TOV TpayyaToV iv apewov 7 
Kat édridas KexwpnKoTav, maperTe TEepl THS 
15 éxeivov BovrevecOar.2 ed’ @ bn Evverheypévous 
opas dixavov, oipar, ovdev UrrocTElNapévous etrely 
amep ap dpiora te Ooxh Kal Evudopwtara 
éxdoT@ eivat. 

16 Bedodpios bev TocadTa etre. Tlérpos dé cal 
Boutns efnyeta Bau 7) oTpaT@ ovdey Hed oovTA $ 
emt THY mohepiay éxédevov. Gv 6) TH yvopy 

17 elrovTo ev0ds o EvNoyos areas, “PexiBaryryos 
HEVTOL cal OcontiaT0s; ot Tey év Aare oTpa- 
TLOTOV apxovres, Tavra ev Tois ddXols appl TH 
és Bor BovrecOan Kad aitol &bacav, dedvévar &€ 


1 wéran Dindorf: mEéAXeL MSS. 
2 Bovaederbar P: BotrAcoBor VG. 
3 wedAjoavta Braun, weAqoorvra P. 
400 








HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xvi. 8-17 


opposite way. If, therefore, it seems to you that 
any purpose has been formed either by our mighty 
emperor or by me concerning the present situation, 
let no thought of this enter your minds. For, as for 
him, he is altogether ignorant of what is being done, 
and is therefore unable to adapt his moves to oppor- 
tune moments ; there is therefore no fear but that in 
going contrary to him we shall do that which will 
be of advantage to his cause. And as for me, since 
I am human, and have come here from the West 
after a long interval, it is impossible that some of the 
necessary things should not escape me. So it be- 
hoves you, without any too modest regard for my 


_ opinion, to say outright whatever is going to be of 


advantage for ourselves and for the emperor. Now 
in the beginning, fellow officers, we came here in 


_ order to prevent the enemy from making any in- 
_ vasion into our land, but at the present time, since 


things have gone better for us than we had hoped, it 
is possible for us to make his land the subject of our 
deliberation. And now that you have been gathered 
together for this purpose, it is fair, I think, that you 
should tell without any concealment what seems to 
each one best and most advantageous.” Thus spoke 
Belisarius. 

And Peter and Bouzes urged him to lead the army 


_ without any hesitation against the enemy’s country. 


And their opinion was followed immediately by the 
whole council. Rhecithancus, however, and Theoe- 
tistus, the commanders of the troops in Lebanon, 
said that, while they too had the same wish as the 
others concerning the invasion, they feared that if 


401 
VoL. I. ee) iS 








PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


pn op@v éxreroiTéTav Ta Te él Dowiens Kal 
Xupias xwpia, cat éEovciay pev "AXapovvdapos 
TavTa Anitnta, Bacireds 5é opas 8’ dpyhs exo. 
ate ov purdEaytas adjwtov THy Y@pav is 
kal &’ avtTo cvvercBddrxgew TO GAO OTpAaT 

18 ovdauh H0cdov. Bedtodpios S€ to avdpe TovTH 
@s hKiota, adknOA olecOar reve. Tod ye 
Katpod TpoTras Oepwwas elvar. tadrns be T 
wpas S00 pddiota phvas avdOnua TO oherépr 
Ge Lapaxnvods és ded Pépovtas ev tavTy éme 
Spoun Twe ovToTe xphcOar és yhv addoTpiav. 

19 610 69 é&jKovTa auepOv opmoroyncas Edy Tol 
érropévors dudw apnoew, éxédeve Kal avtods 
TO GAw otpat@ érecOar. Bedurdpios pév obv 
Ta és THv EcBodnv orrovdh TOAAH eEnpTveTo. 













XVII 


1 Xocpons dé cal 6 Mydwv otparos, émevd) Thy 
TBnpiav apeiravtes év tots ths Aatixhs optoss, 
Tav tpécBewv odicw Hnyoupévav, éyévovto, TA 
Sév8pa ovdevds avtictatodvtTos éxtéuvovTes, amep 
évradda aovyvd te Kal Sewas audiradh te Kai 
inynra év xwpiow Kpnuvddecw bvtTa TavTd- 
macw aBatov Th aTpaTid tiv xYopav emotes. 
TabTad Te és Tas ducxwpias éppirtouv Kab bros 

2 evreTh THY Oddy atreipydtovTo.  adiKkopmevols TE 
avtois és péonv Koryida (ob 8) rad te api 
Mydevav Kxat “Idcova oi momral yeyevnoOa 
uvOoroxyobvow) éwv TovBdtys, 0 Aafav Baci- 


402 








es CTF 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xvi. 17-xvii. 2 


they abandoned the country of Phoenicia and Syria, 


Alamoundaras would plunder it at his leisure, and 
that the emperor would be angry with them because 
they had not guarded and kept unplundered the ter- 
ritory under their command, and for this reason they 
were quite unwilling to join the rest of the army in the 
invasion. But Belisarius said that the opinion of 
these two men was not in the least degree true; for 
it was the season of the vernal equinox, and at this 


‘season the Saracens always dedicated about two 


months to their god, and during this time never 
undertook any inroad into the land of others. 
Agreeing, therefore, to release both of them with 
their followers within sixty days, he commanded 
them also to follow with the rest of the army. So 
Belisarius was making his preparation for the 
invasion with great zeal. 


XVII 


Bur Chosroes and the Median army, after crossing 
Iberia, reached the territory of Lazica under the 
leadership of the envoys ; there with no one to with- 
stand them they began to cut down the trees which 
grow thickly over that very mountainous region, 
rising to a great height, and spreading out their 
branches remarkably, so that they made the country 
absolutely impassable for the army; and these they 


threw into the rough places, and thus rendered the 


road altogether easy. And when they arrived in the 
centre of Colchis (the place where the tales of the 
poets say that the adventure of Medea and Jason 
took place), Goubazes, the king of the Lazi, came 


403 
pp 2 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Nevs, mMpocexivncey ate SeaTroTnv Koopony Tov 
KaBddov, aitov ré ot Ely tots Bacirelows Kal 
Aatixny évdidovs atracay. 

"Eorte b¢ Ilérpa rods émiOaracacia év Koryors, 
mpos TO Evkeive xadoupévm tévte, tw 87 
gatrAov Te Ywpiov Ta mpotepa ovdoay ‘loveTe- 
viavos Baovreds TO TE mreptBorp Kal TH adn 
KaTaoKeuy) exupay Te Kal adds érpavi} KaTe- 
oTNTaTO. évtabéa 70 ‘Papatwy joTpareupa elvat 
Elv TO ‘lwdvvn pablo O Xoopons oTparidy TE 
Kal orparnyoy "AviaBédnv ws avtoBoel éke- 
odyras * én avtovs émeute, yvovs dé lwavyns 
THY épodor ovTe TOU TeptBorov TLVa eo yevéo Bar 
ovTE amo TOV émadfewv pavivas Tols Tohepoes 
é€xéXevoev, AAAA Tay éfomAicas TO oTpaTevpa 
™Anaotov Tov TOV muOv ear noer, émioTeiNas 
avy exeOar, pnre 7iXov. pane povny aguévtas 
Twa. ob yoy Iépoat dy xia mov Tov TEpt- 
BoXov yevopevot, émrel ovdev ohict Tone wLov oure 
xabewparto our Heovero, epnwov avdpav elvat THY 
wou, “Popatov avTny exehouTOT@”, évoptov. 
810 81) ert paddov audi rov meplBorov irOor, 
@s KANipakas ev0Us, ate ovdevds apuvopwévo ou, 
émOnoovtes. TONE MLOD - Te ovdey ovTE OpaVTES 
ovTe GaKkovovTes, TéuapayTes Tapa Xoo pony Ta 
mapovTa opiow édynXouv. Kal Os TO wey TAEICTOV 


tod atpatod méurpas maytaxobev arromeypacOas 


Tov meptBodou éxédeve, KpL@e TE TH pnxava apot 
Tas mUNaS gies TOV TWL apYovT@V émré- 


n 


oTEeANev, év TO AOh@ KaOrjpevos ds 8H TH 


1 éfeAodvTas P: Haury conjectures éfaiphoorras. 
ad 


404 


tl 


Se 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, IL. xvii. 2-9 


and did obeisance to Chosroes, the son of Cabades, 
as Lord, putting himself together with his palace and 
all Lazica into his hand. SF 

Now there is a coast city named Petra) in Colchis, 
on the sea which is called the Euxine, which in 
former times had been a place of no importance, but 
which the Emperor Justinian had rendered strong 
and otherwise conspicuous by means of the circuit- 
wall and other buildings which he erected. When 
Chosroes ascertained that the Roman army was in 
that place with John, he sent an army and a general, 
Aniabedes, against them in order to capture the 
place at the first onset. But John, upon learning of 
their approach, gave orders that no one should go 
outside the fortifications nor allow himself to be seen 
from the parapet by the enemy, and he armed the 
whole army and stationed them in the vicinity of the 
gates, commanding them to keep silence and not 
allow the least sound of any kind to escape from 
them. So the Persians came close to the forti- 
fications, and since nothing of the enemy was either 
seen or heard by them they thought. that the 
Romans had abandoned the city and left it destitute 
of men. For this reason they closed in still more 
around the fortifications, so as to set up ladders 
immediately, since no one was defending the wall. 
And neither seeing nor hearing anything of the 
enemy, they sent to Chosroes and explained the 
situation. And he sent the greater part of the 
army, commanding them to make an attempt upon the 
fortifications from all sides, and he directed one of 
the officers to make use of the engine known as a 
ram around the gate, while he himself, seated on ™ 


. 


405 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


‘ monet aS ayxor are eminerta, Geatis TeV wpaa= 
10 couevav eyivero. avtixa Sé “Pwyaior tds Te 
. n > 4 ‘°c 2 t 

TUNaS avéxduvov é& TOD aidvidiov Kal ampoadd- 


> Ld 7 a : / 
KNTOL €riTegovTes TAELaTOUS THY TrOAcMioV Sié-— 


POeipayv, kal padvota Tos audl Tov KpLoY TeTAY- 
pévous: of dé Rowtrot porus Edy TO oTpaTny@ 
11 Suapuryovtes éowOnoar. Ouee Te oO _, Xoopons 
EX OMEVOS ’AvaBEednv dverKohorice?, are KaTa- 
orparnynbévta Tos Tob "Iwavvov, KaTridov Te 
12 Kal amoNéwou TO Tapam ay avopos. Tuwes 8€ ovK 
"AviaBédny, arnra Tov dpxovra ds 87 ehecoTHKer 
Tois TOV Kplov évepyovaw, avacKonoria Oivat 
13 pacw. avros dé dpas ravi TO oTpaTe ayxioTa 
TE TOU Tlétpas meptBodou aixero Kal oTpaTo- 
14 medevo duevos és mohopKiav Kabiotato. TH be 
varepaig KUKA@ TepL@Dy Tov meptBorov, rel ov 
diay aE iopaxov avTov imeomrevoev elvas, TELXO- 
paxeiv éyvo. TO TE oTpdTeupa dhov évtav0a 
emaryaryov Epyou elxeto, cal Tokevew a dravras emt 
15 tas émdndées ex éAeve. “Pepator 5€ auvydpmevor 
Tais Te pnxavais Kal Taow expOvro Wht See 
Ta pev ovr mpara Tlépoau, Kalmep ouxva Komen 
BadXovtes, onya Te ‘Popatous éAvrouv Kal 
TONAa pos éxeivor, are ad trynrod Bardépevor, 
16 KaKa eT aaxov. éreita S€ (kal yap éder Tlér av 
‘ Xoopon ara@vat) BrnGels ‘Todvyns TUXD TWh €5 
TOV Tpaxnrov Ovijoxet, Kal am’ avTov ot adXot 
“Popator és Ouywplay amdvt@v KaTérTnoaY. 
17 TOTE pev ov oi BapBapor és TO orparomedov 
dvexopnoar’ On yap. kal Evverxorater 7H dé 
votepaig dudpuxya él tov mepiBodov émevoouv 
tpor@ Tose. 
406 


wee” 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xvii. 9-17 


the hill which lies very close to the city, became a 
spectator of the operations. And straightway the 
Romans opened the gates all of a sudden, and 
unexpectedly fell upon and slew great numbers of 
the enemy, and especially those stationed about the 
ram; the rest with difficulty made their escape 
together with the general and were saved. And 
Chosroes, filled with rage, impaled Aniabedes, since 
he had been outgeneralled by John, a tradesman 
and an altogether unwarlike man. But some say 
that not Aniabedes, but the officer commanding the 
men who were working the ram was impaled. And 
he himself broke camp with the whole army, and 
coming close to the fortifications of Petra, made 
camp and began a siege. On the following day he 
went completely around the fortifications, and since 
he suspected that they could not support a very 
strong attack, he decided to storm the wall. And 
bringing up the whole army there, he opened the 
action, commanding all to shoot with their bows 
against the parapet. The Romans, meanwhile, in 
defending themselves, made use of their engines ot 
war and all their bows. At first, then, the Persians 
did the Romans little harm, although they were 
shooting their arrows thick and fast, while at 
the same time they suffered severely at the hands 
of the Romans, since they were being shot at from 
an elevation. But later on (since it was fated that 
Petra be captured by Chosroes), John by some 
chance was shot in. the neck and died, and as a 
result of this the other Romans ceased to care for 
anything. Then indeed the barbarians withdrew to 
their camp; for it was already growing dark ; but 
on the following day they planned to assail the 
fortifications by an excavation, as follows. 


407 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


18 Tlérpa » ) TOS 172) pev éx Gardcons am poaobos 
€OTl, 1) Ke ex TeTpOV Amro OMY, al TAaUTN 
TavTax dev avéxoucw" ag’ ov 8 Kal TH ™ poon- 

19 yoptav fdaxe TaUTny. play 5€ elcodov év TO 
omaret EXEls Kal TavTay ov Alay evpetay Kpnyvot 
yap avTns ed éxdtepa é&aicror dmOK peMavrat. 

20 €vravd0a mpoo @PEVOL Ta T pore pa ot THY TONY 
Serpdpevor i) opior (70 exeivy TOU _TreptBodou 
HE pos émipaxov ein, Tet 7) pax pa Tapa TOV KN p- 
vov éxdirepov THS eioodou éml mEeloToV merTrol- 

21 qvTaL. TOUT@V TE TOV TELX OV éxarépoOe mupyous 
eTeKTIVAVTO Svo, vx ITep ei@er, arra TpoT@ 

22 érépo. KEVOV yap TO ev péow THS oixodopias 
Xwpiov ovdapi elacay, GXN’ bdous eK Ys axpt 
és thos péya Tovs mUpyous ALBous Tappeyedecw 
aANrwv éyopévors eipydcavto, OTws 6) KpL@ F 
unxavi} GAAH @S HKLioTAa KaTacelowro. Ta pee 
ow Ilérpas tod meptBodov TauTy ™) eXEb. 

23 Tépoat € AdO pa és THD yi KAT@pUXa TOLN- 
odpevor évepOev Parépov TOV TU pyov éyévovTo, 
TOY TE NiOcov évOévie Todds expopodvtes, gira 
és THY exelvov ériBevto Xopay, amrep ody 

24 UoTepov éxavoay. UR TE “prog Kara Bpaxv aipo- 
pévn, déOpuvpe wev Ty TOV NOev i loxvv, 6dov 6é 
Tov TUpryov Kataceioaca éx ToD aipyidiou és 

25 76 ) edapos Kabeirev avrixa. ‘Pepaior € of év TO 
TUpYo Hyoav Toaobrov Tay TOLOUMEVODY | no Covto 
mporepov, 6 dcov avT@ pay Evpmeceiv és TO edados, 
GrXL Huydvres evtds TOD TAS TONES meptBodov 

26 yevéo Oar. Tapny TE 76n Tots Toreptous év TO 
Omanre teryouayodat Tove [év] ovdert THY TOMW 
‘ * [ev] orate by Braun: "Haury suggests ay obderi, 
ef. v. iii. 


408 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xvii. 18-26 


The city of Petra is on one side inaccessible on 
account of the sea, and on the other on account 
of the sheer cliffs which rise there on every hand; 
indeed it is from this circumstance that the city 
has received the name it bears, And it has only 
one approach on the level ground, and that not 
very broad; for exceedingly high cliffs overhang it 
on either side. At that point those who formerly 
built the city provided that that portion of the wall 
should not be open to attack by making long walls 
which ran along beside either cliff and guarded the 
approach fora great distance. And they built two 
towers, one in each of these walls, not following the 
customary plan, but as follows. They refused to 
allow the space in the middle of the structure to be 
empty, but constructed the entire towers from the 
ground up to a great height of very large stones 
which fitted together, in order that they might 
never be shaken down by aram or any other engine. 
Such, then, are the fortifications of Petra. But the 
Persians secretly made a tunnel into the earth and 
got under one of the two towers, and from there 
carried out many of the stones and in their place put 
wood, which a little later they burned. And the 
flame, rising little by little, weakened the stones, 
and all of a sudden shook the whole tower violently 
and straightway brought it-down to the ground. * 
And the Romans who were on the tower perceived 
what was being done in sufficient time so that they 
did not fall with it to the ground, but they fled and 
got inside the city wall. And now it was possible 
for the enemy to storm the wall from the level, 
and thus with no trouble to take the city by force. 


409 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


27 xata Kpdtos édelv. 610 62) KaTwppwdnKéTes 


3 


4 


“‘Pwpator tots BapBdpots és Noyous HAOov, Kal TA 
TioTa UTép TE TOV THO"dToY Kal TOV YpnudTe@V 
mpos Xoopoov AaPovtes, oHas Te avTovs Kal Thy 
4 e / / cf é 
TOMY oporoyia Tapédocav. ottw ev Ilétpav 
> 
Xoopons elde. Kal ta pev “lwdvvov Xpypara 
, e \ © N > 7 a ”: 
hiavy adpa etpwv aitos édaBe, Tov 5é adrov 
ovdevds ovTE adTos OTE Tis TOV Tlepoay HaTo, 
GAra “Pwpaior Ta ohétepa aitav eyovtes TO 
Mydov orpaTe@ aveuiyvurto. 


XVIII 


"Ev tovt@ dé Bedwodpids te cal o “Papaieor 
OTpaTos, OvVdéY TL TETUTHEVOL MY TAVTH éTpac- 
o€TO, KoOoUM TOAAM &€x Adpas Todews ent 
NiowBw jecav. émeidy Se THs 0600 Kata pécov 
éyévovto, Bediodpios pév ev Se€ia TO oTpaTEevpa 
Hryev, ob dn myyai Te LddT@V SiapKeis Hoav Kal 
medlov atracw éevotpatoTredevoacbar ixavas exov. 
évTav0d te otpatoTedov éxédNeve TroveicOar boov 
amo otadiwv dvo Kal teccapdxovta Nici Bibdos 
morews. of S& adror Edpravtes ev Oadvpate 
HeyaX@ érrovobvTo, Sti 6) otk dyyioTa TH EOEdOL 
TOU TeptBorov atpatotredeverOar, Ties Sé @S 


5 hkictd of EmecOar HOedov. 510 57 Bedtodpuos 


TOV apxovTav Tois aud avTov odaw édekev WOE 
“"Eyuol pev ov« Hv Bovropéve és anavtas boa 
ywookw éEeveyxeiv. oyos yap év otpatoTéd@ 
TEpLpEpouEVvos OvUK Olde THPEY TA ATOppHTA, émel 
kata Bpaxd mpoiwy péxpt Kal és Tovs TmoNepious 
410 





en ee) 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xvii. 26—xviii. 5 


The Romans, therefore, in terror, opened negoti- 
ations with the barbarians, and receiving from 
Chosroes pledges concerning their lives and their 
property, they surrendered to him both themselves 
and the city. Thus Chosroes captured Petra. And 
finding the treasures of John, which were extremely 
rich, he took them himself, but besides this neither 
he himself nor anyone else of the Persians touched 
anything, and the Romans, retaining their own 
possessions, mingled with the Median army. 


XVIII 


Meantime Belisarius and the Roman army, having 
learned nothing of what was being done there, 
were going in excellent order from the city of 
Daras toward Nisibis. And when they had reached 
the middle of their journey, Belisarius led the army 
to the right where there were abundant springs of 
water and level ground sufficient for all to camp 
upon. And there he gave orders to make a camp 
at about forty-two stades from the city of Nisibis. 
But all the others marvelled greatly that he did not 
wish to camp close to the fortifications, and some 
were quite unwilling to follow him.  Belisarius 
therefore addressed those of the officers who were 
about him thus: “It was not my wish to disclose to 
all what I am thinking. For talk carried about 
through a camp cannot keep secrets, for it advances 
little by little until it is carried out even to the 


411 


541 A.D. 


10 


1] 


12 


13 


14 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


éxpéperau. opav &é TOUS Te Todnovs bpav arakia 
TON elKovTas Kal aurov éxao Tov avroxpdropa. 
Tov TONE WOU e0édovta eivat, réEw Tavov év bpiv 
boa xpAv olwT av, éxeivo pévTou ™ poTepov omee- 
TOV, OS TOMMY ev oTpaTia yvouy avTovome 
Xpopevev yevéoOar Te TOV Sedvtoy advvarov. 
Oia Toivuv _Xoo pony ep’ érépous tovra. Bap- 
Bapous @s Tyeara purakys Twos aut dpKous 
x. pis Tay oixetay arom Tely yh, ddhos TE Kal 
THvOE TOY Toh, 4 ™ porn TE Tuyxaver ovca, Kal 
Taons TIS exéivov is 7 po BeBAnpévn. ev 4 
oT paTLaTas ev oida ore TosoUTOUS Te TO TrHOOS 
Kal ToLovTous THY dpeTny KATECTHOATO WOTE 
ixavovs elvar Tais map Huav epodols eumoday 
otnoecOa. Kal TO Tapddery pa. eyyvbev dpiv. 
NaBedny yap oT parnyov TOUTOLS éTeaTNTED, Os 
én peTa ye TOV Xoo pony avtov b0&n Te Kal TO 
ado akidbpate 7 P@TOS év Iépoais elvat Soxet. 
Ov &yarye olwau Kal amore doecbau' This jpeTépas 
Suvdpews Kal T) v map odoy npiv ovoevt GAA 
TpOT@ i) payn ro) mss Hype joonbevra evdo- 
oe. et pev obp ayxuata Tou THS TOdE@s 7) 

EvpBom) elm, ovK €x TOD dytimddov Hpi TE es 
Tlépoaus 6 0 ayov eoran, avtot 4p ex TOU  exupod 
émreELovTES eUnuepnaavTés Te, av oUTM TUX, ert 
Tela Tov Gappicovew emvOnoeaOau, Kal noon- 
Oévtes ever as Siapevfovrat TI per pay érriPeow. 
d0 driyou yap huiv  Siwkts eorae Kal TH TOAEL 
evOévie ovdev yevnoerar BraBos, hv Tots TEeLXO- 
paxotow avadwrov ovcay oT pPATLOT OV auras 
dpvvopevov opate Simov. hv dé ye TOV TONEMioV 


1 GmoretpdcecOa Dindorf : amoreipdoacba MSS. 
412 


, 





ie cei Cea nie Mi a 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xviii. 5-14 


enemy. But seeing that the majority of you are 
allowing yourselves to act in a most disorderly 
manner, and that each one wishes to be himself 
supreme commander in the war, I shall now say 
among you things about which one ought to keep 
silence, mentioning, however, this first, that when 
many in an army follow independent judgments it is 
impossible that anything needful be done. Now I 
think that Chosroes, in going against other bar- 
barians, has by no means left his own land without 
sufficient protection, and in particular this city which 
is of the first rank and is set as a defence to 
his whole land. In this city I know well that he 
has stationed soldiers in such number and of such 
valour as to be sufficient to stand in the way of our 
assaults. And the proof of this you have near at 
hand. For he put in command of these men the 
general Nabedes, who, after Chosroes himself at least, © 
seems to be first among the Persians in glory and 
in every. other sort of honour. This man, I believe, 
will both make trial of our strength and will permit 
of our passing by on no other condition than that 
he be defeated by us in battle. If, therefore, the 
conflict should be close by the city, the struggle 
will not be even for us and the Persians. For they, 
coming out from their stronghold against us, in case 
of success, should it so happen, will feel unlimited 
confidence in assailing us, and in case of defeat they 
will easily escape from our attack. For we shall only 
be able to pursue them a short distance, and from 
this no harm will come to the city, which you surely 
see cannot be captured by storming the wall when 
soldiers are defending it. But if the enemy engage 


413 


‘ 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


evtad0a piv és xelpas tovrey KpaTia@per, THD 
me ohuy éfedely TONAHY TWA, @ ) Evvdpxovres, ¢ éATriOa 
15 eX. petryouar yap Tots evavTiols moNwy Twa 
Spopov 7) dvapux Devres Elo TUNaD, os 70 €tKOS, 
Evverorrecovpeba, i) T poTepja avres avTovs pey 
ep” érépas twos dvayKdcoper tetpapOat Te Kal 
Svauyeiy yopas, jpiy dé avtois NioiBw TOV 
apvvopévav ywpis evd@rov KATATTHTOMED. | 
16 Tadra Beducapiou el @OvTOS of ev adXot Tav- 
tes émelOovTd te Kal Edv aire oTparomedev- 
oapevor Emevov. Térpos 5 "lwdvynv éraupt- 
o dpevos, os Tov év Mecororapia KaTaoryoy 
apxov poipay ov pavdyy twa Tov orparod el eV, 
ovx atroGev Tov meptBorov, aXX cov atro 
17 oradioy déxa éOov HovxXy Eweve. Beduodptos 
dé Tovs TE Eby avT@ ws eis mapatat € éotnce Kal 
Tots apt Tov Térpov éméaTeh nev os em EvpBorq 
mapatdaces Gat HEXpL avTos onunvy, ed Te eLdévar 
@S ob BapBapor Tepl peonp Bplay émOjoovrau 
opiow, éxeivo Snover év v@ éyovtes, Stu 82) 
avtol perv Tpopns es detdnv diay peTararyy dveww 
18 elabact, ‘Popator dé apt peonuBpiar. Bedu- 
od wos bev TAaUTA TrapHve ot 5é Ev 76 Tlérpo é év 
ov ev! Tas évTohas Touno duevot appl Te 7 uépay 
peony To rie a Oopevor (err yap TO xwpiov 
émlerk@s av se Td Te Orda at evo Kab 
TOV Todemlwv adpovTicTicayTes aiKVOUS ép- 
_ Tad0d my Pvopevous Koapm ovdevi mepuovTes 
19 xaTnoOtov. Ore xaTioav 0 NaBédns Spopu@ 
TONS Erhyev er avtovs To llepcav otpdrevya. 


1 obdev! <Adéyw> Herwerden, odderv! xéoum Suidas and 
Scholiast. 


414 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xviii. 14-19 


with us here and we conquer them, I have great 
hopes, fellow officers, of capturing the city. For 
while our antagonists are fleeing a long way, we 
shall either mingle with them and rush inside the 
gates with them, as is probable, or we shall 
anticipate them and compel them to turn and escape 
to some other place, and thus render Nisibis without 
its defenders easy of capture for us.” 

When Belisarius had said this, all the others 
except Peter were convinced, and they made camp 


and remained with him. He, however, associating 


with himself John, who commanded the troops in 
Mesopotamia and had no small part of the army, 
came up to a position not far removed from the 
fortifications, about ten stades away, and remained 
quietly there. But Belisarius marshalled the men 
who were with him as if for combat, and sent word to 
Peter and his men also to hold themselves in array 
for battle, until he himself should give the signal ; 
and he.said that he knew well that the barbarians 
would attack them about midday, remembering, as 
they surely would, that while they themselves are 
accustomed to partake of food in the late afternoon, 
the Romans do so about midday. So Belisarius 
gave this warning; but Peter and his men dis- 
regarded his commands, and about midday, being 
distressed by the sun (for the place is exceedingly 
dry and hot), they stacked their arms, and with 
never a thought of the enemy began to go about in 
disorderly fashion and eat gourds which grew there. 
And when this was observed by Nabedes, he led the 
Persian army running at full speed against them. 


415 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


20 “Popatos dé (ov yap édadov avtods éx Tov Tept- 


21 


23 


24 


26 


Borov eEvovres ot BapBapor, érrel cabewpavto 
AapTpas are év medi orig iovtes) Tapa TE 
Beds dptov _errenTrov, apivery opior TapaKa- 
NobyTes, Kab avrol Ta pev dma dvehopevol, 
akoopia Sé kal Gopi éxopuevor brnytiatov. oi 
6é appl Behuoapvov, ouT@ mapa opas Tov 
aryyéhou adixopévou yvovtes Sua Tod KoviopTod 
THY Tepoay Epodor, éBonPovv Spouy. ere Oovres 
TE Mépoas ‘Papatous ovx imooravras THY &podov 
Tove ovdevl és puyiy érpewray, éreomouevot dé 
TEVTNKOVT Te vepBerpay Kal TO Tod Tlérpou 
onpetov apmacavres éaxov. amavrds te av ép 
TavTy 57) TH Sumer éxtewav és ovdepiay adeny 
opavras, el p49) Beduadprds Te Kal o (gov avT@ 
oTparos KataraBov Suex@dvoe. TpPwWTOUS yap 
am avT@v Edy ddpace paxpois Té kal ouxvois 
D6rOous émriovTas Tlépoae ovx vmopeivavres és 
puyiy Bpynvro. emia TrOpevot Te ‘Popaior Edv 

6TOots TVTHKOVTA Kah éxaTov éxteway. é&v 
dAiyou yap THs Su@Eews yevopuévns of NowTol KaTa 
Tayos évTos Tov TrepiBorou eyévovTo. TOTE pev 
ouv ‘Pepator Evuravres és TO Beduoaptov oTparo- 
medov amex opnoay, oi dé Tépoae TH emeywopery 
nHEPY év TUPY@ TWh € carga ay avrl Tporatou 70 
Ilérpou onpetov, a\davtds! Te avTOD aTroKpema- 
cavTes Tois modepios Evy yéXwte éret@bator, 
érreEvévat mévToe ovKETL ETOAMOV, GAAA THY TOA 
év TO aodanre SiepvrNacCOV, pear 7G 

l @AAGyTds Suidas: adAdvrd V, dddAavrd G. 


416 








HISTORY OF THE WARS, LI. xviii. 20-26 


And the Romans, since they did not fail to observe 
that the Persians were coming out of the forti- 
fications (for they were seen clearly because moving 
over a level plain), sent to Belisarius urging him to 
support. them, and they themselves snatched up 
their arms, and in disorder and confusion confronted 
their foe. But Belisarius and his men, even before 
the messenger had reached them, discovered by the 
dust the attack of the Persians, and went to the 
rescue on the run. And when the Persians came 
up, the Romans did not withstand their onset, but 
were routed without any difficulty, and the Persians, 
following close upon them, killed fifty men, and 
seized and kept the standard of Peter. And they 
would have slain them all in-this pursuit, for the 
Romans had no thought of resistance, if Belisarius 
and the army with him.had not come upon them 
and prevented it. For as the Goths, first. of all, 
. came upon them. with long spears in close array, 
' the Persians did not await their attack but beat 
a hasty retreat. And the Romans together with 
the Goths followed them up and slew a hundred 
and fifty men., For the pursuit was only of short 
duration, and the others quickly got inside the 
fortifications. Then indeed all the Romans withdrew 
to the camp of Belisarius, and the Persians on the 
following’ day set up on a tower instead of a trophy 
the standard of Peter, and hanging sausages from) it 
they taunted the enemy with laughter; however, 
they no longer dared to come out against them, but 
they guarded the city securely. 


417 
VOL. I, EE 


1 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


XIX 


Beduodpios te NiotBw opadv éyupav brrephvads - 
ovaav, Amida avTis ovdeuiay éywv adwoews 
mépt, Tpocw lévar HTreiyeTo Oras Ti €E eridpouAs 
Tots ToAeulous AVuHVNTaL. apas ToivuY TavTl TO 
oTpAaTo énimrpoo Sev met. avicarvrés Te Hmépas 
odov gpoupio eévérvyov 6 Luc aupdveov Kanodot 
Tépoau. evraiba THOS TE OlKnTOp@V my Kar 
immets oxtaxdotot llepoay dpiotos pudaxny elyov, 
ols avnp Sonupos, BAanoxapuns dvoma, eheroTHKel. 
‘Pwpaior dé dyxuord 7 Tod ppoupiou oTpato- 
medevordpevot és mohopxiay kabieravro, T™poo- 
Bornv te TO mepeBorw Tour apevot direKpou- 
oOncar, ToXdovs TH Hay amoBanovres. TO TE 
yap Teiyos “és aryav éyupov erry xaver dv Kal of 
BapBapor KapTepo@Tata évOévde tods émuovtas 
7 LUVOUTO. 510 52) Tods apyovtas aravtas Evya- 
Aéoas Bedioaptos EreEe Toudoe “ "Eyrecpia 7™0- 
ema TOMY, avdpes apXovres, déS@xev jyiv év 
Tois TOV TparywaTov am opors mpoopay Te Ta 
EvpByoopeva Kal duvatois eivas ™po Tov Sewav 
éhéa Gar Ta Kpeloow. eriataabe Toivuy. mndiKov 
éotl Kaxov oTpareupa és yh woNeuiav, mor- 
rev pev oxup@paTev, Tokay 6é paxipav 
évy Tovrous avdpav dria ev ATrONENELUMEVOOY, 
mopever Bar. omep Kal piv éy ye Te map- 
ovTL TETUXNKED. érrimpoobev ya lodow Hiv 
évOévde te Kal ék NeotBedos | TOhEws Em dmevor 
AdOpa TaV Torepiwy TiUVes Ev Ywpiols, SF TO 


418 


EEE E—E—————— ESC 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, II, xix. 1-8. 


XIX 


. Anp Belisarius, seeing that Nisibis was exceedingly 
strong, and. having no hope regarding its capture, 
was eager to go forward, in order that he might do 


the enemy some damage by. a_ sudden inroad. 


Accordingly he broke camp and moved forward 
with the whole army. And after accomplishing a 
day’s journey, they came upon a fortress which the 
Persians call Sisauranon, There were in that place 
besides the numerous population eight hundred 
horsemen, the best of the Persians, who were 
keeping guard under command of a man of note, 
Bleschames by name. And the Romans made camp 
close by the fortress and began a siege, but, upon 
making an assault upon the fortifications, they 
were beaten back, losing many men in the fight. 
For the wall happened to be extremely strong, and 


the barbarians defended it against their assailants 


with the greatest vigour. Belisarius therefore called 
together, all the officers and spoke as_ follows: 
“* Experience in many wars, fellow officers, has made 
it possible for us in difficult situations to foresee 
what will come to pass, and has made us capable 
of avoiding disaster by choosing the better course. 
You understand, therefore, how great a mistake it 
is for an army to proceed into a hostile land, when 
many strongholds and many fighting men in them 
have been left in the rear. Now exactly this has 
happened to us in the present case. For if we 
continue our advance, some of the enemy from this 
place as well as from the city of Nisibis will follow 
us secretly and will, in,all probability, handle us 

419 

EE 2 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


ELK OS, ° KaKoupryja ova w érriTndet@s aurois ™ pos 
9 evédpayr }} y} Kal addy TW émuBouhyy € éxovow. ap 
dé 1 Kal dd2Xos aravtnoy oT paTos ets TE pBaxny 
KabiotavtTat, pos éxaTépous bev jpiy avaynn 
terafer Oar, madorpev & ay obT@ ™pos aura Ta 
avinKeora* &6 yap Aéyeww as Kal TIALS AVTES ev TH 
Eup Borg, a av ovT@ TUX OL, émdvodov és ‘Popater 
10 Ti ya, ovdewd pnXavay TO ourrov eropey, 1) 
Tolvur ahoylaTo oT O0von XPOMEvor [ep”]* Has 
avrous €TKUNEVKOTES pawadpeba, pnde TO pirovel- 
Kp 7a “Popaiov Tpayyara Braypoper. TOMA 
pev yap apadns és OdePpov pépet, HErACLS. & 
cappov és TO cote del TOUS avTn xpopévors 
ll ixavas trédhuxev, tects wey odv evrabba eyxabeto- 
pevor é&ehety merpomela TO 70 __dpovpoy TOOE, 
“ApéOas dé Edy trois érropévous €5 Ta ert ’Acouplas 
12 Xopla oTerréobw. Lapaxnvol yap Teuxyopwaxeiy 
pév clow advvaror pice, és O& TO Aniverbar 
13 Tavtov paduota SeEol. cvvercoBarodor b¢ avTois 
Kal oTpaTi@tal TOV payipwv Tivés, bras adToi 
Te, wndEevos eV evavTimOpaTos odicr pavévTOs, TA 
avicerta TOUS Tpormersvras epyacovrat, ay bé 
Tl aTravTnon TOrEMLOV, evTreTOs dvaxwpoodvres eis 
14 as cotowro. Kah Hpets eEehovtes, iv Oeds 
Oédyn, TO ppovpior, ovT@ 6) TavtTl TO oTpaTe 
Téypny TOTaMLOv SiaBaivoper, ov Sedud res per 
TOUS dma Gev KAKOUPYT}T OVTAS, ev bé ciddres 6 orn 
MoTe TOIS "Acouptors Ta mpaypata exer.” f 
15, Tatra elm @v Beduodptos ev TE AEyew émacw 
éd0ke Kal To Bovrevpa edvOds émerérer. /ApéPay 
te Ev tois émopévois emit ’Acovpias éxédevev 
1 [ép’] bracketed by Haury. . 
420 


—_— 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, IL. xix. 8-15 


roughly in places which are for them conveniently 
adapted for an ambuscade or some other sort of attack. 
And if, by any chance, a second army confronts us 
and opens battle, it will be necessary for us to array 
ourselves against both, and we should thus suffer 
irreparable harm at their hands. And in saying 
this I do not mention the fact that if we fail in 
the engagement, should it so happen, we shall after 
that have absolutely no way of return left to the 
land of the Romans. » Let us not therefore by reason 
of most ill-considered haste seem to have been our 
own despoilers, nor by our eagerness, for strife do 
harm to the. cause of the Romans. . For. stupid 
daring leads. to destruction, but. discreet hesitation 
is well adapted always to save those who adopt such 
a course. Let us therefore establish ourselves here 
and endeavour to capture this fortress, and let 
Arethas with his forces be sent into the country 
of Assyria. For the Saracens are by nature unable 
to storm a wall, but the cleverest of all men at” 
plundering. And some of the soldiers who are good 
fighters will join them in the invasion, so that, if no 
opposition presents itself to them, they may over- 
whelm those who fall in their way, and if any 
hostile force encounters them, they. may be saved 
easily by retiring to us. And after we have captured 
the fortress, if God wills, then with the whole army 
let us cross the River Tigris, without having to fear 
mischief from. anyone. in our rear, and knowing well 
how matters stand with the Assyrians.” 

These words of Belisarius_ seemed to all well 
spoken, and he straightway put the plan into ex- 
ecution. Accordingly he commanded Arethas with 


421 


p ae 


16 


17 
18 


19 


20 


21 


22 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


iévat kat adbtois otpati@tas Svaxocious te Kal 
xirious Evvéreprpev, @Y 61 of mréeioToL TOV 
VracTtictav TOV ad’ToD Hoav, Sopvpopovs avTots 
ériatncas dv0, Tpaiavov te cal “lwavynv tov 
Daryav KaNOvHEVOY, apo dryabovs, Ta Toned. 
Kal avtots wev “Apéba mrewopevors & anavTa mpao-, 
cew émTéoTENrEDV, "Apé@av dé dnavra éxédeve TH 
év ool Aqua apevov oUTw TE és TO otparémedov 
emavyKovTa amraryyéhnetv opiow onoid TOTE 
duvapews mépt tois "Acouplois Ta mpdypara ein. 
ot pev-ovdv app TOV "A péOav Tiypny Tora pO 
diaBavtes év ‘Agoupiots éyévovTo. ob 87 x@pav 
TE arya ny ebpovres Kar _ Hak pod xpovov’ adywrov, 
TAUTHY TE advraktov obcay, é& ere po wis TrOAAa 
Anicdpmevot TOV éxelyy Area Xpnpara peyaha 
TepleBaXXOvTO. TOTE Beduo apios TOV Twas 
Ilepo av geldeatteth évoeiv Tois, vy TO U 

Ta emriTNOELa TAVTENDS epaber. ov. yap, oomep 
év Adpas te kal NeolBid« monet, év Snwosip Tas 
émetetous Tpopas amoTtied Bar vevopixacw, Gdra 
Tone p.teov oTpato am poo SoKirov, opiow émrt- 
TETOVTOS eoKOpicdpevol. TL TOV avayKaiwy ovK 
&pOncav. advo 5é worAXrdkgV €s TO y 

KaTapvyovtav, TOV émutnoel@v TH aropia, @s 
TO eiKos, eméCovTo. & 8H Bedodpuos yvous 
Dewpryvov Errepaper, avdpa Evver@rarov Te Kal 
Tov amoppyrav avuT@ Kowovotvra, arroTretpa- 
gopevor TOV, fév]1 tavrn avOpeorov, el Tas 
omororyig Tw dvvarto TO Xwptov édeiv. Tewpytos 
dé tapaivecty te Tounoauevos Kal moda €s 


1 [év] bracketed by Herwerden. 
422 


| HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xix. 15-23 


his troops to advance into Assyria, and with them he 

| sent twelve hundred soldiers, the most of whom 
were from among his own guard, putting two 

' guardsmen in command of them, Trajan and John 

who was called the Glutton, both capable warriors, _— 

These men he directed to obey Arethas in everything 

_ they did, and he commanded Arethas to pillage all ¢ 

_ that lay before him and then return to the camp 

; and report how matters stood with the Assyrians 
with regard to military strength. So Arethas and 

. his men crossed the River Tigris and entered 

Agsyriae There they found a goodly land and one 

which had been free from plunder for along time, 





and, undefended besides ; and moving rapidly they 
pillaged many of the places there and secured a great 
amount of rich plunder. And at that time Belisarius 
captured some of the Persians and learned from 
them that those who were inside the fortress were 
altogether out of provisions. For they do not 
_ observe the custom which is followed in the cities of 
_ Daras and Nisibis, where they put away the annual 
food-supply in public store-houses, and now that a 
hostile army had fallen upon them unexpectedly they 
had not anticipated the event by carrying in any of 
the necessities of life. And since a great number of 
persons had taken refuge suddenly in the fortress, 
they were naturally hard pressed by the want of 
provisions. When Belisarius learned this, he sent 
George, a man of the greatest discretion with whom 
he shared his secrets, to test the men of the-place, in 
the hope that he might be able to arrange some 
terms of surrender and thus take the place. And 
George succeeded, after addressing to them many 


423 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA © 


. adbtors emaryorya el TOV, éree Ta mora a- 
Bovras appl TH caTnpig opas TE avrous Kab 
24 TO ppotptov évdodvar ‘Popatous. obt@ Behe 
odpios TO Lwoavpavev éwv Tous wey olknTo as 
dmayras, Xpiotiavovs Te Kat “Popatous TO ave- 
xalev Oovtas, ab gous abhxe, Tovs 6€ Ilépoas 
Eby TO Bdynoxdun és Bufavtiov errepurpe, wal 
TOV TOU dpoupiou TeptBodov és eagos. xaveire 
25 Bactrevs Te OU TONND boTepov TOUTOUS. TE ibe 
Tépoas Kal Tov Brno xdpoy és ‘Iradav TérOous 
TONE LHC OVTAS emeprpe. Ta ev ou api TO 
Luraupavev Peovein” * ratty ex@pnoer. di 
26 "ApéOas 66, eioas a) Tip Aetay pos ‘Pw pateov 
adatpebetn, ovKETL dvacrpepew és 70 oTparomedov 
27 HOeXe. méurbas ovv TOV Ot Em 0 LEVOV Tivas én 
KaTacKorh dn 0ev TO Oye, éxédeve AdOpa OS 
TaxXwora eT AVHKOVTAS onpivas opiow OTL 8h 
TOUS TLS Tohepion oTparos audi tod Torapod 
28 THY 6:dBacw ein. Oto 67) Tpaiave TE Kal "Toaven 
Tapyver ere pg | iodow 088 ET AV KELV és \Popatey 
29 Tay yy. Tapa per ouv Beda dpiov ovKEeTL Bor, 
exovtes S€ moTapov Edd parny, ev beEea ovTH 
57) és OcodocvovTohw THY mpos 70 ’ABoppa 
30 ToTapy@ ixovTo. Behuodpvos 6é rat 0 ‘Popatov 
oT pares ovdev rept Tov oTpaTevparos TOUTOU 
mud opevor hoxadrov, és Te déos Kal brovpiay 
ove popntny Twa ovTeE pet play EMM imTOVTES. 
31 Xpovou ~Te chicw ev tatty dH Th mpocedpeig 
TptBEevros ouxvod EvvéBn toddois TOV oT pa- 
TLOTOV TUpeT@ duagKdA@ evradea anovat* abx- 
pnpa yap Mecorotapyia % Llepocayv KxatHKoos 


, 


1 ppovple VP: xwplw G. 
424 








HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xix. 23-31 


words of exhortation and of kindly invitation, in 
persuading them to take pledges for their safety and 
to deliver themselves and the fortress to the Romans. 
Thus Belisarius captured Sisatranon; and. the in- 
habitants, all of whom were Christians and of 
Roman origin, he released unscathed, but the 
Persians he sent with Bleschames to Byzantium, and 
razed the fortification wall of the fortress to the 


- ground. And the emperor not long afterwards sent 


these Persians and Bleschames to Italy to fight against 


the Goths. Such, then, was the course of events 


which had to do with the fortress of Sisauranon. ° 

~But Arethas, fearing lest he should be despoiled 
of his booty by the Romans, was now unwilling to 
return to the camp. So he sent some of his followers 
ostensibly for the purpose of reconnoitring, but 
secretly commanding them to return as quickly as 
possible and announce to the army that a large 
hostile force was at the crossing of the river.. For 
this. reason, then, he advised Trajan and John. to 
return by another, route to the land of the Romans. 
So they did not come again to Belisarius, but keeping 
the River Euphrates on the right they finally arrived 
at the Theodosiopolis which is near the River Abor- 
rhas. . But Belisarius and the Roman army, hearing 
nothing concerning this force, were disturbed, 
and they were filled with fear and an intolerable 
and exaggerated suspicion, And since much time 
had been consumed by them in this siege, it came 
about that many of the soldiers were taken there 
with a troublesome’ fever; for the’ portion» ‘of 
Mesopotamia which is subject to the Persians is 


425 


32 


33 


34 


35 
36 


37 


38 


39 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


UTeppuas €oTw. ovmep anOes dvtTes ‘Pwpaior 
kai drapepdvtas oi &« Opaxns dppdpevor, ev 
xo pio ext omas lady wesder Kal carvBars Tiot 
mvuynpais apa Oépovs diartay éyovTes, évooncav 
ovTws Wate nuLOvATEs TO TpLTNMOpLOV TOD oT pa 
TOD éxelvTo. amas pev ovv Oo otpatos évOévde 
Te aTarrAdaoes Oa kal btu TaYLOTA 5 THY OiKEaD 
yhv éravynkcew év oovdn elxyov, paduota Oé 
andvtov oi Tov év AtiBdv@' Katadoyov dpxov- 
tes, ‘PexiOayyos te kat Oeoxtictos, opavTes OTe 
52 Kal 0 xXpovos TO Lapaxnvav, avdOnpa Tape@- 
xnkev 70n. Bedicapio yotv cuxva mpoc.ovTes 
édéovto odds avtixa adeivar, wapTupomevot ws 
"Arapovvddpe ta Te emt AtBavov Kai Xupias 
xwpia évdovtes KdOnvrat avtod ovdevl roy. 

Awd 6% Bersodpios amavtas Evyxaréoas Tovs 
apyovras BovrAivy mpovOnKev.. 00.) avactas 
mpatos “lwavyns o Nixntov vids ére&e roudde 
"A piote Betuodpte, orparnyov pev odTe THY TU- 
XyVv ovTE THY apeTHY ex TOD TAVTOS YpovoU yEeyErh- 
a0at Tovodrov oipar olos avros ef. dda Te aT 
ov ‘Pwpaiwv Kexpatnke povov, aAXa Kal BapBa- 
pov aravrav, tavTny pévtot BeBaidrata diadv- 
Aakers THv evKrELAV, Hv ye C@vTas Huas és 
“Popaioy thv ynv dsacdcacba dvvatos eins: os 
vov ye nuiv Ta THS éATriOOS OVK EV KAX@ KEITAL. 
ovTwal yap mol Tepl TOvSEe TOU aTpaTOD oKOTEL. 
Lapaxnvol pev Kal of TOV OTPATLATOV MAXLLOTA- 
tot Tiypny motapov dvaBdvres, nuépav ovK oida 
omoatny? dvw és TodTo TUyNS adiKovTO ETE 

1 AiBdvy P: Bedtoaplw VG. 
2 éroornv Haury : drws thy MSS. 


426 


7 





nage? 


a a, 
‘ 








HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xix. 31-39 


extremely dry and hot. And the Romans were: not 
accustomed to this and especially those who came 
from Thrace; and since they were living their daily 
life in a place where the heat was excessive and in ; 


_ stuffy huts in the summer season, they became. so ill 


that the third part of the army were lying half-dead. 
The whole army, therefore, was eager to depart from 
there and return as quickly as possible to their own 
land, and most of all the commanders of the troops 
in Lebanon, Rhecithancus and Theoctistus, who saw 
that the time which was the sacred season of the 
Saracens had in fact already passed. They came, 
indeed, frequently to Belisarius and entreated him to 
release them immediately, protesting that they had 


~ given over to Alamoundaras the country of Lebanon 


and Syria, and were sitting there for no good reason. 

Belisarius therefore called together all the officers 
and opened a discussion. Then John, the son of 
Nicetas, rose first and spoke as follows: “ Most 
excellent. Belisarius, I consider that in all time there 
has never been a general such as you are either in 
fortune or in valour. And this reputation has come 
to prevail not alone among the Romans, but also 
among all barbarians. This fair name, however, you 
will preserve most securely, if you should be able to 
take us back alive to the land of the Romans; for 
now indeed the hopes which we may have are not 
bright. For’ I would have you look thus at the 
situation of this army. The Saracens and the most 
efficient soldiers of the army crossed the River 
Tigris, and one day, 1 know not how long since, they 
found themselves in such a plight that they have 


427 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


ovde ayyeXov méurpar tiva map" nas loxvoay: 
“Pexidaryryos Te Kal GeoKrie Tos amomopevaovTat, 
as opas Snmovbev, adtixa 5) wada Tov AXapovr- 
Sdpov oT parov év oink. péoous elvac otopevor, 
dyourd Te Kal hépovra Evpravra Ta éxeivyn Xepia. 
40 Tov dé NELTFOMEvOD of vooobyTés elat TOToUTOL TO 
THO 0s @ore TOUS Jeparreicovrds te Kal Ko- 
prodvTas és ‘Popaiov THY yh éAdoaous av- 
41 TOV mapa TONY TOV apiOwov elvar. tobt@r 
dé TOLOUT OY ovT@r, Ty TL EupBain Tohe mov tf) 
avrov Mévovow 7 oTricw lodow Hpiv am ayT ha at, 
ove av Tes amayyeinat tots év Adpas “Popatous 
42 duvauTo TO Evymecov, ma0os. TO yap enim poo GE 
™ iévat ode KOy@ olpat Suvarov elvar. &ws ovv 
ére NeltreTal tis exis, Ta és rHv érdvodov Bov- 
43 NeverOai! Te Kal mpdacew Evvoicet. Tois yap 
és xivdvvov addws Te Kal ToLwodTOV cabeatnKoat 
ph tHv caTnpiav SvacKotreicOat, GAXA Tip es 
44 TovS TroAEulous értBovAnV Tor avoia.” Torad= 
Ta "Tlodvens Te €l7re Kal of AotTrol mavres earyve- 
cay, és Te OdpuBov cabiordpevot THY avaxapnow 
45 Kara TAXOS rrovetaOaw nElouv. 810 82) Bedrcodpios 
TPOTEpov TOUS voo obvras €v Tots brotuyiow évbé- 
46 pevos, Um iyyev omiaw TO oTpaTeUMa. erreLn Te 
TaXLaTG ev yh. TH Popaior éryevovTo, dmavTa Mev 
Ta TO >Apé0a elpyacpéva eyvo, Steny pévto. 
ha Bei ovdepiay Tap avrod loxucev, érel ot és 
oupey ouKEeTL mprGev. 7 pev odv ‘Pwpaiwv éoBorn 
és TOUTO éTedeUTA, 
47 Xoopon dé Tlérpay éNovTt Beduodpios éo Badov 
és ynv tHv Ilepaida aryyéAXeTO Kal 4 apt morduw 


1 Bovaederbar P: BotAcoOa VG. 
428 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xix. 39-47 


not even suceeeded in sending a messenger to us, and 
Rhecithaneus and Theoctistus will depart, as you see 
7 surely, believing that the army of Alamoundaras is 
- almost at this very moment in the midst of Phoenicia, 
pillaging the whole country there. And among 
those who are left the sick are so numerous that 
those who will care, for them and convey them to the 
land of the Romans are fewer in number than they 
are by a great deal. Under these circumstances, if 
it should fall out that any hostile force should 
come upon us, either while remaining here or while 
going back, not a man would be able to carry back 
word to the Romans in Daras of the calamity which 
had befallen us.- For as for going forward, I consider 
_ it impossible even to be spoken of. While, there- 
_ fore, some hope is still left, it will be of advantage 
both to make plans for the return and to put the 
vel into action. For when men have come into 
danger and especially such danger as this, it is 
downright folly for them to devote their thoughts 
not to safety, but to opposition to the enemy.” So 
spoke John, and all the others expressed approval, 
and becoming disorderly, they demanded that the 
retreat be made with all speed. Accordingly 
Belisarius laid the sick in the carts and let them lead 
‘the way, while he led the army behind them. » And 
as soon as they got into the land of the Romans, he 
learned everything which had been done by Arethas, 
but he did not succeed in inflicting any punishment 
upon him, for he never came into his sight again. So 
ended the invasion of the Romans. 
And after Chosroes had taken Petra, it was an- 
nounced to him that Belisarius had invaded the 


429 


- 


48 


49 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA — 


Niow Biv EvpBorn, ppoupiou Te TOU Leo aupavov » 
drwos, Kal doa Téypny 7 ToTaphov dia Bav To Evy 
T® "Apé0qa otpdtevpa Erpaccev. avtika TE 
duraxyy év th Uétpa xatactynodpevos, Ev TO 
ako otpat@ Kai ‘Pwopaiwy toils adodow és Ta 
Ilepo dv 70n ariravve. tadta pév év Th Sevtépa 
Xoapdov éoBorH EvynvéxOn yevéoOar. Bedod- 
pros 6€ Baciret és Bufavtiov petameumtos éhOav 
dvexei pater. : 


XX ef 


“Apa 6é Hpe apyouév@ Xoopons 0 KaBdbov 70 
Tpitov otpaT@® peydro és yav thy “Popaior 
éoéBadre, trorayov EKidpdrny év Seta exo. 
Kavé.80s 5é, 6 Lepyrourorews fepevs, émrevd) Tov 
Myjsov otpardv dyyiota mov iKew érvdero, 
detoas rept Té of adTO Kal TH ToNEL, erred Xpove 
TO Evyreipevep Xoo poy Ta poroynueva OS HKioTa 
emeTeNET ED, év 7 TOV mohemieoy otparon ede 
yevouevos Tapnteiro Xocponv jun ol dia tadta 
yarerras éxew. ypnpwata péev yap ovdem@troteE 
avT@ yeyovévat, Kal dia TodTO apynv ovdé BeBou- 
AjoBae Loupnvors preobat, Baciréa dé “lovoti- 
yiavoy vmép TovTwy Toda ixerevoas avovnros 
avTov yeyevrnoOar. Xoapons Sé avrov év dudrakh 
érye, Kal TO cua mikpotara aixifopevos Si- 

1 BeBovajjobar VGP: BeBovacioba: H. 
430 


tn tk 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xix. 47-xx 4 


Persian territory, and the engagement near the 
city of Nisibis was reported, as also the capture 
of the fortress of Sisauranon, and.all that the army 
of Arethas had done after crossing the River Tigris. 
Straightway, then, he established a garrison in Petra, 
and with the rest of the army and those of the 
Romans who had been captured he marched away 
into the land of Persia. Such, then, were the events 
which took place in the second invasion of Chosroes. 
_ And Belisarius went to Byzantium at the summons of * 
the emperor, and passed the winter there. 


XX 


Ar the opening of spring Chosroes, the son of 5424,p. 
Cabades, for the third time began an invasion into 
the land of the Romans with a mighty army, keep- 
ing the River Euphrates on the right. And 
Candidus, the priest of Sergiopolis, upon learning 
that. the Median army had come near there, began 
to be afraid both for himself and for the city, since 
he had by no means carried out at the appointed 
_ time the agreement which he had made!; accordingly 
_ he went into the camp of the enemy and entreated 
Chosroes not to be angry with him because of this. 
For as for money, he had never had any, and for 
this reason he had not even wished in the first place 
to deliver the inhabitants of Sura, and though he 
had supplicated the Emperor Justinian many times 
on their behalf, he had failed to receive any help 
from him. But Chosroes put him under guard, and, 
torturing him most cruelly, claimed the right to 


1 Cf. chap. v. 31. 
431 





10 


11 


12 


13 


14 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


AAT [ra] xpipeara, niep Evvéxerto, mparrew 
nEiov. 6 de avTov és Lepyovroniv Twas ikéTeve 
méurapar Ta Kewp rad Evpravra TOU évradba i iepov 
AnWouévouvs. Kal érel Kata TadTa o Xoapons 
émolel, TOV Of, ETomevmy Tivas' 0 Kadyvdidos dv 
avrois emremnper. oi pev odv Lepyvourroniras 
TovS Tape Xoopoou oTanévTas THh_mroret deEd- 
pevot TOV KELLNAL@Y TOAAA edocay, AO ovdev 
oplow drronenelpOar loxupilouevor. Xoapéns 
dé abr ot atoxphy ovdauh ébn, arn’ erepa 
TOUT@Y reteo haPeiv edixaiov. méumet Toivuv 
TLWas 76 Bev hoy dtepevvncopévous és 70 axpi- 
Bés Ta TAS Toews XPNMATA, épy@ O€ Thy Tod 
xadéfovras. Kal. émel ovK det LepysovTron 
Iépqacs arOvaL, TOV THs Lapaxnva Xpioriaves 
pen, TATTOMEVOS dé ome "Arapourdap, “AuBpos 
dvoma, vUKTOp Tapa THS_ TONES TO TELyos HK@V 
Kal Tov TdavTa oyov. ayyeiras, éxédevE Ilépoas 


‘Th TWoNer pndayi déeEac bar. otto Te of Tapa 


Xoo pov TTANEVTES am paKkror és avrov éravinOor, 

Kal os TO dupe Seo _THV TOMY éfeXely dvevoeiro. 
SUG 

orparev pa obp €> éEaxvoxirlovs orethas éxéNevev 


és TE moXvopKiap kabictacbat Kal mpooBoras — 


TO TepLiBirw Tonoacbar, kal of pev évtavba 
ryevoquevor epyou elXOVTO, LepylovrroN ira dé Kap- 
TEPOS pev Ta Tpara NLUVOVTO, emerta <dé>! 
ATELTOVTES TE Kal KAT @PPOONKOTES. ‘Tov KivOUvOV 
éBouhevovTo ToUs Tohepwous Thy TONW évdobvas, 
oTpaTvoTas yap ov mAéov 7) ) Staxoatous _ExouTES 
étruyov. adda.” ApBpos, aieus Tapa: TOV TMepi- 


1 <8¢> Haury. 


432 


SE eee 





_™ 


AE IS IEA, bn 


ae 


nd 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, I. xx. 4-14 


exact from him double the amount.of money, just as 


had been agreed, And Candidus entreated him 


to send.men to Sergiopolis to take all the treasures 
of the sanctuary there. And when  Chosroes 
followed this suggestion, Candidus sent some of his 
followers with them. So the inhabitants of Ser- 
giopolis, receiving into the city the men sent by 
Chosroes, gave them many of the treasures, declaring 
that nothing else was left them. But Chosroes said 
that these were by no means sufficient for him, 
and demanded that he should receive others still 
more than these. Accordingly he sent) men, 
ostensibly to search out with all diligence the wealth 
of the city, but in reality to take possession. of 


_ the city... But since it was fated that Sergiopolis 


should not, be taken by the Persians, one of the 


Saracens, who, though a_ Christian, was_ serving 


under Alamoundaras, Ambrus by name, came by 
night along the wall of the city, and reporting to 
them the whole plan, bade them by no means receive 
the Persians into the city. Thus those who were 
sent by Chosroes returned to him unsuccessful, 
and he, boiling with anger, began to make plans to 


capture the city. He accordingly sent an army of — 


six thousand, commanding them to begin a siege and 


‘to make assaults upon the fortifications. And ‘this 


army came there and commenced active operations, 
and the citizens of Sergiopolis at first defended 
themselves vigorously, but.later they gave up, and 
in terror at the danger, they were purposing to 
give over the city to the enemy, For, as it 
happened, they had not more than two hundred 


soldiers. But Ambrus,‘again coming along by the 


433 
VOL. I. Pe 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Borov és vixta heov, dvolv* jpuépaw Thy 1ro- 
Avoprtar Siadvoew Tépoas epacke, Tod bdaTos 
15 avrovs mavtdnacw éridiréytos. did 8 avrol 
fev és Royous Tots Tohepious ovdaph How, oi 
dé BapBapor Sipe eX mevor eLavéornrdy ‘Te 
Kal mapa Xogponv apiKovTo, Kavd.dov HYTOL 
16 Xogpoys OvKETE apie, xpi yap, oipat, avrov 
Ta Omm@poopeva HroynKora. lepéa punkéte evar. 
TADTA pev oup THE € ex@pnoev. 
17\\ Erel be eis THV Koppaynver xapav 0 Xoapdns 
ares jv karovaw Evgparnovar, és Aelav joey 
7) X@piov Tov dhoow Tpémea Bau ovdapi) “nO enev, 
érrel Ta év Toot méype és XUpous Ta peep eEedov, 
Ta: 6é apyuporoynoas mpoTepov éTvxer, aomep 
18 éy Tots éutpoobev Royors Sednorat. yopny 
6é eixev evOd Harare rivys cryew TO oTpareupa, 
b7r@s Ta Te dda Kal Ta ev ‘Tepogorvpous KEL- 
pnrdwa ravTa AnionTal. yoOpapv yap TavTgy corya.- 
Onv TE Srahepovtas Kat Tov vowv oixnTopov 
19 evar akon eixe. Popaior 6é aT aVTES, adpxovTés 
TE wal TTPATLMOT AL, TOL fev Trodepious omavred- 
few 7) TH mapod@ épmodey iotac Oau TpoTr@ 


‘ovdevt SuevoodvTo, Ta. O€ oXUpMMaATa KaTara- 


Bovtes @s €kacTos notvaro, amox phy @ovTo 
TAUTA TE duapuddacery kal avrol c@teaBat. 
20. Tvods 6€ tiv Ilepoay epodov ‘loverweavos 
Baciheds Beduodprov adds én’ aurovs émreprpev. 

6 6€ trols Tots Snpoctors OXOUpEvos; ods én 
Bepédovs Kanely vevopixacw, ate ov orparevua 
Evy auT@ éxXav, Taxer TOAD és Evdparnotay 
aixeto, “lovrros 5é, 6 ‘Bacthos ave tos, év 


1 Svetv MSS. 
434 


nde etl 








HISTORY OF THE WARS, Il. xx. 14-20 


fortifications at night, said that within two days 
the Persians would raise the siege since their water 
supply had. failed them absolutely. y For this reason 
they did not by any means open negotiations with 
the enemy, and the barbarians, suffering with thirst, 
removed from there and came to Chosroes. However, 
Chosroes never released’ Candidus.. For~ it. was 
necessary, I suppose, that since he had disregarded 
his sworn agreement, he shouldbe a priest no 
longer. Such, then, was the course of these events. 
_*But when Chosroes arrived at the land of the 
Commagenae which they call Fuphratesia, he had, 
no desire to turn to plundering or to the capture 
of any stronghold, since he had previously taken 
everything before him as far as Syria, partly by 
capture and partly by exacting money, as has been — 
set forth in the preceding narrative. And his purpose 
was to lead the army straight for Palestine, in order 
that he might’ plunder all their treasures and es- 
pecially those in Jerusalem. For he had it from 
hearsay that this was an especially goodly land 
and ,peopled by wealthy inhabitants... Ard. all the 
Romans, both. officers and soldiers, were far from 
entertaining any thought of confronting the enemy or 
of standing in the way of their passage, but manning 
their strongholds as each one could, they thought it 
sufficient to preserve them and save themselves. 

The Emperor Justinian, upon learning of the in- 
road of the Persians, again sent Belisarius against 
them. And he came with great speed to Fuphra- 
tesia since he had no army with him, riding on the 
government post-horses, which they aré accustomed 
to eall “ veredi,”’ while Justus, the nephew of the 


435 
Wak a a 


21 


23 


24 


26 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


‘lepatroree Evy te TO Bovfn nal érépois trot 
Kkataduyov éruyev. of 61 Bedodpiov od paxpav 
amo0ev Hxeww axovoavrTes ypdupata mpos avTov 
éypapov: édydou O€ 7 ypadn Tdade “ Kal vov 
o Xogpons, womep olcOd mov Kal avtos, éml 
‘Pwpatous éotpatevce, oTpaTOV Mev TOANK@ mWAel- 
ova i) TpoTEpov aywv, dan morte Sé tévar) dia- 
vOOUMEVOS ovme evdn dos Ov, maj rye oy) OTL 
avTov dyxora Tn aKovopev eivat, Xo plo poev 
ovoevt Aupyvaevor, 08 bé del érrimpooOev 
iovTa.. Grn KE map’ nuas OTL TaXlora, elrep 
olos Te el Aaeiv TO TOY Toheulov oTparormedoy, 
omrws oF TS TE AUTOS Bacrret éon Kal EG, 
ToNL * Hiv Evppudragys.” TocavTa pep "es 
ed7j/Aou. Bedoapios dé ovK erraweras peg 
ypappéva. és Evpomor 76 xwplov eon é 
mpos Kvgpaty TroTap@ éorw. ev évd_ TE TMEpt- 
TMT OV TAVTAX OTE TOV oTparoy Aryetpe Kab avroo 
To _oTparomedov KATETTHTATO, dpxovrds Te Tous 
év ‘lepamrdner npuetBero Toicbe, “Ki pév ef’ érépous 
avO perro * Twas, GN ou ‘Pepatov KATNKOOUS 
0 Xoo pons yopel, ev Te Kal ws aopartorara 
opty BeBovrevrar TavTa: ols yap maperrw 
Hovy7 hévovety anndra Oat Kandy, TOANH 
dvoud és Kivduvov ovK dvaryKaiov TWa iévac: 
el de voy evOevbe amradraryels 6 BdapBapos odtos 
érépg Tul emaKpe Bacvréws lovotiviavod 
XBPS, Kal TavTH Siahepovtas pev ya, ppov- 
pav o€ ovdayh otpatiwtav éxovon, ed tote OTL 
1 iévat P: om, NG: * “TepamoAuy Dindorf : fepav wéAw MSS. 


3 avOpérav VG: avOpdrous P. 


436 


ee 


yA ee ve 


a se 6 ii « 


——E———— 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, IIL. xx. 20-26 


emperor, together with Bouzes and certain others, 
was in Hierapolis where he had fled for refuge. 
And when these men heard that Belisarius was com- 
ing and was not far away, they wrote a letter to him 


_ which ran as follows: “ Once more Chosroes, as you 


yourself doubtless know, has taken the field against 
the Romans, bringing a much greater army than 
formerly ; and where he is purposing to go is not yet 
evident, except indeed that we hear he is very near, 


- and that he has injured no place, but is always mov- 


ing ahead. But come to us as quickly as possible, if 
indeed you are able to escape detection by the army 
of the enemy, in order that you yourself may be 
safe for the emperor, and that you may join us in 


_ guarding Hierapolis.” Such was the message of the 


letter. But Belisarius, not approving the advice 
given, came to the place called Europum, which is 
on the River Euphrates. From there he sent about 
in all directions and began to gather his army, and 
there he established his camp; and the officers in 
Hierapolis he answered with the following words: 
“If, now, Chosroes is proceeding against any other 
peoples; and not against subjects of the Romans, 


_ this plan of yours is well considered and insures the 
_greatest possible degree of safety; for it is great 


folly for those who have the opportunity of remain- 
ing quiet, and being rid of trouble to enter. into any 
unnecessary. danger; but if, immediately after de- 
parting from here, this barbarian is going to fall 
upon some other territory of the Emperor Justinian, 
and that an exceptionally good one, but without 
any guard of soldiers, be assured that to perish 


437 


~PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA’) —— 


TO Ely TH apeTh atrodwrévar Tod cecdoOat 
anayntt TH TavTi dpewov. ov yap av cwrnpia 
TODTO ye, GANA Tpodocia Sixaiws KaNoiTO. aX 
HKete OTe TaxtoTa és Tov Hipwrrov, ob 6) cvA- 
AéEas TO oTpatevpa Srov baa dv 6 Oeds Sido 
érTriba éxw Tovs TodEepmious épydcacbaL.” TadTa 
érrel atreveyOdvTa oi dpxovres eidov, eOdppnoav 
te Kal. “lovorov pev Evy odiyos ticly avToD 
édutrov. €b' @ THY lepdrrodww! durdEovaw,* of Oé 
Nowtol. 7@ GAAW oTpaTe és Edpwmov HrOov. 


XXI 


Xogpons 5¢ wabav Beriodpiov travtt 7é “Pa- 
Maiwy oTpaT@® éotpatoTededaGar év EKupare, 
Tpocw pev e\avve ovKéTs eyvo, Tov Sé PBacu- 
MeKOv ypaupatéov eva, ABavddyynv. dvopa, So- 
Eav él Evvécer wodAnv éxovta, Tapa Beduodpioy 
érrepape, Tov oTpATHYOV OTotds ToOTE Ein KATATKE- 
ropevov, TO SE AOYO peprrouevov Ste dn Bacireds. 
"Tovativiavds tovs mpéoBes és Lépoas Hxiota 
wéprpecev, ef & Ta aphl tH eipnvyn Kata Ta 
EvyKeipeva mpvtaveiowow. drrep pabav Bedu- 
adpios emote: Ttovdde. adros pev éEaxtoxiNious 
amroreEdpevos avdpas edpnkes Te Kal TA COpaTa 
KaXovs pdadoTa, pakpdy tou aobev Tod oTpa-' 
TOTEOOU @S KUYNYeTI TV EoTadny, ALoyévny Sé TOV 
Sopupopov Kat “Adodvov Tov *Axaxiov, avdpa 

1 ‘lepdroAw Dindorf : ieparuchy VG, iepay wéaw P, 


2 puddiovew P: pvadtwow VG. 
3 réupeey edd.: méupew MSS. 


438 








HISTORY OF THE WARS, IT. xx. 26-—xxi. 2 


valorously is better, in every way than to be saved 
without a fight. For this would justly be called not 
salvation but treason. But come as quickly as 
possible. to Europum, where, after collecting the 
whole army, I hope to deal with the enemy as God 
permits.” And when the officers saw this message, 
they took courage, and leaving there Justus with 
some few men in order to. guard Hierapolis, all 


_ the others with the rest of ‘the army came to 


Europum. 


XXI 


Bur Chosroes, upon learning that Belisarius with 
the whole Roman army had encamped at Europum, 
decided not to continue his advance, but sent one 
of the royal secretaries, Abandanes by name, a man 
who enjoyed a great reputation for discretion, to 
Belisarius, in order to find out by inspection what 
sort of a general he might be, but ostensibly to 
make a protest because the Emperor Justinian had 
not sent the ambassadors: to the Persians at all in 
order that they might settle the arrangements for 
the peace as had been agreed. When Belisarius 
learned this, he did as follows. He himself picked 
out six hundred men of goodly stature and especially 
fine physique, and set out to hunt at :a considerable 
distance from the camp. Then he commanded 
Diogenes, the guardsman, and Adolius, the son of 


439 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


“Appéviov yévos, Bacthel pev ael ev Trarati@ Ta 
és THY Hovxiay omnpetodvTa (crdevTiapious Paw- 
poaioe Karovow ois 4 Tit avryn érixevrat), TOTE 
dé “Appevioy tiwdv dpyovta, Tov ToTapor 
SiaBavras' Ev immedou yeriows tmepwcévar THY 
éxeivn nuova éxédXeve, Sdxnow del mapeyop—évous 
Tois ToAdeplos ws, jv eOéXtwov Tov Kudparny 
dvaBavtes emi Ta ohétepa avTay 06@ iévat, ov 
pymote émuTpéwrouet.? Kal ot wey Kata TadTa 
érotouv. 

Bersodpios Sé, éret Tov mpecBevtnv ayxioTa 
™ émémuoto civalt, KaXvBnv ex TayeEav TWOV 
ciwwodovev mnEdpevos, iv 6) TaTUAe@VAa Kadelv 
vevopixacw, exabnto éxel, dotrep ev Yoplw Epnuo, 
Tapadnrov bt. dF ovdEema TapacKevh evTadOa ® 
HKoL. ToOvS de oTpaTLMTas SuéTa-eV MOE. TIS MeV’ 


“KadUBys ef éxatepa Opaxés te wai "IXduprol 


3 Vs be > / \ 4 > , 
jaoav, orOor S€ wet adtovs, Kal TOUT@V. éxopmevot 
a Q a B yh \ 4 
Epovda, we? ods Bavdirou te kat Mavpovove 
joav.. Tod Te wediov éml wrEloTov SiAKOV. ov 
yap éot@tes éml yopas dei Tis adtiis Eyevor, 
> \ # > aA? / \ r 
GANG SieoTHKOTES TE AT AXAAHAOV. Kal TEpLTTaTOUS 
Tovovpevo. Tapépyws Te, Kal @S HKLOTAa KaTE- 
gTovdacpevas. €s Tov Xogpoov mpeaBevtav 
” 3 8e > A 5 \ * sO 4 
eBreTrov. e€lye 0€ aUT@Y ovdEls OVTE YAAMU 
ovTe adAnv érrwpida tid, adAa yYLTaVAaS meV 
ALvods Kal avakupidas aurrexopevor, eita dvelwo- 
pévor €BadvCov. eixe dé tHv Tod tmmov pact 
éxaotos, Omrov Se TH pev Eihos mv, TO SE 
diaBdvras Maltretus : d:aBdyra MSS. 
émitpévovot Haury : émorpéyovor MSS. 


1 
3 évradéa Theophanes: év tratrn MSS. 
4 yAaudda Dindorf: xAavlda MSS. 


440 





el 


Eee 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxi. 2-7 


Aecacius, to cross the river with a thousand horsemen 
and to move about the bank there, always making it 
appear to the enemy that if they wished to cross the 
Euphrates, and. proceed, to their own land, they 
would never permit them todoso. This, Adolius 
was an Armenian by birth, and he always. served 
the emperor, while in the palace as privy counsellor 
(those who enjoy this honour are called by the 


_- Romans “silentiarii’”’), but at that time he was com- 


mander of some Armenians. And these men did as 
directed. 

Now when Belisarius had ascertained that the 
envoy was close at hand, he set up a tent of some 
heavy cloth, of the sort which is commonly called a 
“pavilion,” and seated himself there as one might in 
a desolate place, seeking thus to indicate that he had 
come without any equipment. And he arranged the 


soldiers. as follows. On either side of the tent were _ 
Thraciansand Illyrians, with Goths beyond them, and | 


next to these Eruli, and finally Vandals and: Moors. 
And their line extended for a great distance over the 
plain. Forthey did not remain standing always: in 
the same place, but stood apart from one another and 
kept walking about, looking carelessly and without 
the least interest upon the envoy of Chosroes. And 
not one of them had a cloak or any other outer gar- 
ment to cover the shoulders, but they were saunter- 
ing about clad in linen tunics and trousers, and 
outside these their girdles. And each. one had. his 
horse-whip, but. for. weapons one had a. sword, 


44I 


8 


9 


10 


11 


12 


13 
14 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


TENEKUS; TO O€ TE a yupva. . Soxnaiv Te map- 
etXovTo amravtes ott 6n appovtiaricavres TOV 
G@\Xov aravrev Kuvayerija ew irelyovro. O pev 
otv “ABavdavns Bedicapiw és dev heov Sewa 


tovetobat Tov Baciréa Nooponv én, Ste 87 Kaba 


Evvékerto mporepov ov méurpeve Tap’ avTov Tods 
mpécBes 6 Kaitcap (ottw yap tov “Pwopaiov 

; Z a , ¥ “Sz29) b) at ts 
Baociréa Karodar Tlépcat) nai am avtod o Xoo- 
pons nvayKacto és yiv thy ‘Popaiov év dmdois 
inet. Bedcodpios 8 ove KaTOppwdyoas, dre 1 
dyxiora egtpatomedevpevey BapBapov TOTOUT@V 


TO ThijBos, oUTE TO, oye és Tapaxny TWA Ka- 


TagTds, Ga yedravti te Kal dveméevo TO, 
mpocwr@ apelBeta “OV tavtn” ACyov “FH TO 
Xocpon taviv eipyacta: vevousorat Tois avOpo- 
Tow TA Mpaypata. ol pev yap adrOL, HU TL 
aytTiréyouto odiot te Kal TOY Tédas TLGl, TpEG- 
Bevover pev és avdtods mpotepov, éredav 5é TOV 
MEeTpioV pn TUXWOLW, OUT@ Syn TOAEW@ er AUTOS 
lacw. 0 dé ryevopuevos év pécors “Papaiors, eita 
Tovs dep Tis elpijuns mpoTteiveTat NOYOUS.” oO meV 
Tocadta eima@y TOV mpeo Bevrny dreméunparo. . 

°O 8 rapa Xooponv yevdpevos Tmapivet ot Ott 
TaxioTa aTrarrdocec Oat, orparny® Te yap 
evTUXELV epy dydpeiorar@ Te Kal Ewerorary 


avOporar aravtev Kal gTpaTL@Tats olovs aAXAOUS 


avTos ov Te@TroTe eldev, av 52) THY EvKOT Lia Bav- 


paoee padora TavToV, eval Te ovK €E avTiTadOU 


a 4 > n \ / \ > , 
Tov Kwwdvvou avT@ Te Kai Bedioapip tiv ayeviar, 


442 











HISTORY OF THE WARS; Il. xxi. 7-14 


another an axe, another an uncovered bow. And all 


gave the impression that they were eager to be off ¢ 


on the hunt with never a thowght of anything else. 
So Abandanes came into the presence of Belisarius 
and said that the king Chosroes was indignant 
because the agreement previously made had not 
been kept, in that the envoys had not been sent to 
him by Caesar (for thus the Persians call the emperor 
of the Romans), and as a result of this Chosroes had 


~ been compelled to come into the land of the Romans 


in arms. But Belisarius was not terrified by the 
thought that such a multitude of barbarians were 
encamped close by, nor did he experience any 
confusion because of the words of the man, but with 


_ a laughing, care-free countenance he made answer, 


saying : “‘ This course which Chosroes has followed 
on the present occasion is not. in keeping with the 
way men usually act. For other men, in case a dis- 
pute should arise between themselves and any of 
their neighbours, first carry on negotiations with 
them, ana whenever they do not receive. reasonable 
satisfaction, then finally go against them in war. But 
he first comes into the midst of the Romans, and then 
begins to offer suggestions concerning peace.” With 
such words as these he dismissed the ambassador. 
‘And when Abandanes came to Chosroes, he ad- 
vised him» to take his departure with all possible 
speed. For he*said he had met a general who in 
manliness and sagacity surpassed all other men, and 
soldiers such, as he at least had never seen, whose 
orderly conduct had roused in -him the greatest 
admiration. And he added that the contest was not 
on an even footing as regards risk for him and for 
Belisarius, for ‘there was this difference, that if he 


443 


. 


15 


16 


17 


18 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Svadéperv d€, OTL viKHoas ev abros Tov Kaicapos 
vOKHOEL dodAor, naonels dé, a av ovT@ TUXOL, peya 
TL aia xos TH Te Baotreia tropicerar Kal TO Ilep- 
hd yever, Kal ‘Pe paior bev VEVviKNfLEVOL pasias av 
év TE oxUp@pact Kal yh Th ave’ Siar dtowro, 
avtav O€, mV Yyé TL évarTiopa EvpBain, oud ci 
dyyedos duapvyoe és TA Tepoay, X@pav. Tavry 
) Xoa pons avaresaVels TH UTrOOnKH vac tpépew 
pev és Ta Tepoav On €Bovrero, apnxavic, dé 
TOA elXeTo. THY Te yap bid Bacw » TOU moTapod 
™pos Tav TONE LLeOY guracccecO at pero Kab 08 
TH avry, epnpco dvO pera mavraracty oven; 
orice dreNavverv 0x, olos TE ms émel dmavra 
opas'ra emer neta Hn érruneNotTet® a&rep TO mpo-~ 
tepov Ely avtois éxovtes és yhv thy  Popatov 
éoéBarov. téXos 5é TOAAa Aoyroapévp Evy 
popwrarov ot edofev eivau pay Sraxcvduvedoartt 
és yh te Tp avrimépas Hee Kal Sid xXopas 
Tacw evOnvovans Tots dyabois TY Topetav TOL 
gag bar. Behuodptos dé ed Hey HTLTTATO @S OVO 
av déxa pupeddes avopav Ty Sid Baw Xoopon 
dyayavtifew more ixaval elev" (6 Te yap ToTapmos 
TOAAK TOV TauTy xwplov vavat SiaBaros ov 
éml mreiotov Tuyyave., Kal Kpelocov hv addos 
To Llepodv otpatevpa 7) pos Todepiov odiyov 
ag THS diaBacews amonekdeic Oat) Tots Oe 

L Avoyévny re Kab iAdoNcoy ov Tots XerLous 
améaredne Ta Tpara mepuevar ® THY éxelvy a aKT HY, 
Sos 8h és tapaxymy adbacta rai rdv BapBapov 

1 airayv V : abtots G, abray preferred by Christ. 


* émiXerolmer Dindorf cod. a: dmroAeAolre: MSS. 
3 repuéves Haury: mporévas MS., cf. IL. xxi, 2: 


444 


Ss Te 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxi. 14-18 


conquered, he himself would conquer the slave of 
Caesar, but if he by any chance were defeated, he 
would bring great disgrace upon his kingdom and 
upon the race of the Persians; and again the 
Romans, if conquered, could easily save themselves 
in strongholds and in their own land, while if the 
Persians should meet with any reverse, not even a 
messenger would -escape to the land of the Persians. 
Chosroes was convinced by this admonition . and 
wished to turn back to his own country, but he found 
himself in a very perplexing situation. For he 
‘supposed that the crossing of the river was being 
‘guarded by the enemy, and he was unable to march 
back by the same road, which was entirely destitute 
_ of human habitation, since the supplies which they 
had at the first when they invaded the land of the 
Romans had already entirely failed them. At last 
after long consideration it seemed to him most 
advantageous to risk a battle and get to the opposite 
side, and to make the journey through a land 
abounding in all good things. Now Belisarius knew 
well that not even a hundred thousand men would 
ever be sufficient, to check the crossing of Chosroes. 
For the river at many places along there can be 
crossed in boats very easily, and even apart from this 
the Persian army was too strong to be excluded 
from the crossing by an enemy numerically insig- 
nificant. But he had at first commanded the troops 
of Diogenes and Adolius, together with the thou- 
sand horsemen, to move about the bank at that point 
in order to confuse the barbarian by a feeling of 
helplessness, But after frightening this same bar- 


445 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA | 


19 KaTaorycovrat.} Sumep bediEdyevos, @omep pot 


Epp On, eece pay Tl avTo cur ddio pa ein aTan- 


20 AdocecOar ex TIS ‘Papaior vis. oyou TE ot 


21 


ToANoD aEvov epaivero elvar eeAdoar evOevde TOV 
Xoopoou otpatov, ovdemd xiwdvvedoarte waxy 
Tpos pupuddas BapBdpew Ton das Eov oTpatie- 
Taus Alay Te OdiYoLS OdoL Kal aTEXVOS KaTETTN- 
xoou TOV Mar oT par ov. 610 8 éxédeve Awo- 
yévnv.te kal’ Adoduov novXA EVEL, 
‘O_yodv Xoo pons yépupay cuv TOAAG rdyen 
mntauevos, ToTayov Kidparny, €x rod, aidvidiov 


22 5:é8n wavti t@oTpate@. Lépaais yap wove@ oddevi 


23 


25 


SiaBaroi eiot Totapol aravres, érel avtois 006 
iodow ayKictpoeidy ocLdypia ev TapacKevh eorw, 
ois 6 EvAa paxpa és adda évappolovTes 
yébupav avtooyediafovew €x ToD TapauTixa OTH 
av cdici Bovropévors ein. ered d€ TaXLoTA YE 
yovev év TH avTiTrépas Hrreipm, Téuwrpas Tapa 
Bedtodptov adros pev ‘Popaiors Kexapicb ae Too 
M7dev orparod THY avaxopnow epace, Tpoo- 
déxer Oat dé TOUS map aro T éo Bers, ods odict 
mapecer bar OUK és. paKpav aEvov eivat. Bed- 
gapios 6€ Travtl Kal auros TO ‘Popatov oTpaT@ 
TOV Eudparny TOT apov diaBas Tapa Xoo pony 
evdds errepryev. oi, é7rel map autov txovTo, TOANA 
Tis dvaxopngEens ématvpec ayes, ™ péa Bees és. ae- 
Tov. Heew Tapa, Baciréws avrixa én para omré- 
TXOVTOs of On Ta Gul TH eiprvn Evyxetpeva, ™po- 
Tepov épy@ éemiteAh Mpos avtov Ojcovtar. HEtovv 


1 xaraothoovta Hoeschel : caracrhowrvra MS. 


446 


e° Sse. > Soe 


hie 


— ee 


ee ee ge eee a end eee 


eam 


ais 





ioe /. a tt, 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxi. 18-26 


barian, as I have said; Belisarius feared lest there 
should be some obstacle in the way of his departing 
from the land of the Romans. For it seemed to him 
a most significant achievement to have driven away 
from there the army of Chosroes, without risking 
any battle against so many myriads of barbarians 
with soldiers who were very few in number and who 
were in abject terror of ‘the Median army. For this 
reason. he commanded Diogenes and Adolius.. to 
remain quiet. 

Chosroes, accordingly, constructed a bridge with 
great celerity and crossed the River Euphrates — 
suddenly with his whole army. For the Persians are 
able to cross all rivers without the slightest difficulty 
because when they are on the march they have in 
readiness hook-shaped irons with which. they fasten, 
together long timbers, and with the help, of these 
they improvise a bridge on the spur of the moment 


wherever they may desire. And as soon as he had 


reached the land on the opposite side, he sent to 
Belisarius and said that he, for his part, had bestowed 
a favour upon the Romans in the withdrawal of the 
Median army, and that he was expecting the enyoys 
from them, who ought to present themselves to. him 
at no distant time. Then Belisarius also with the 
whole Roman army crossed the River Euphrates and 
immediately sent to Chosroes, And when the 
messengers came into his presence, they commended 
him highly for his withdrawal and promised that 
envoys would’ come to him promptly -from the 
emperor, who would arrange with him that the terms 
which had previously been agreed upon concerning 
the peace should be put into effect. And they asked 


447 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA | 


te 61 “Pwopaiwy ate pirwv avT@ TH Topeta xXpA- 
cOa. 0688 kal tadta iTedéxeto éeruterécery, ef 
a e a a /- 440 gees yh ay 
tid of Sotey TAY Soxtjuoy év ounpov NOY em 
ibe TH oporoyia, ep @ Ta Euywelpeva m pafou- 
ow.) ot ev ovv mpeo Reus Tapa Beduodpuov 
éemavnkoyTes TOVS Nogpoov AGoyous amHyyedXov; 0 
dé eis tay “Edecoav adixopevos “lwdvynv tov 


- Baowdeiov raida, yéver Te Kal mrOUT@ TayTOV 


30 


TOV “Edeo onvay diadhavéctatov, bunpov T@ Xoo- 
pon OUTL ExoUGLOV EvOS emeprpe. “Pwpaior dé Bed- 
gépLov éy evpnpias elYXov; paddov TE opiow 6 
avnp €v ToUT@. EevdoKiATaL TO €py@ edoKer 9) OTE 
Tedipepa Sopvddwrov 7 Tov Ovittuyw és BufSdv- 
TLOV HVvEyKEV. Hv yap WS aXnO@S AOyou Kal érrai- 
vou mood aEvov, mepoBnuévav pev Kav Tots 
oXUPO"ATL KpUTPTOMEVOY “Popatoy dmavrav, 
Xogpoou dé OTpAT® peyadro év Keon ryeyoveros 
Peopaiov apxn, avdpa oatparyyov Gov oAryots 
teat Spom@ 0 o&e) €x Bufavtiou petakd heovta an 
évaytTias Tov Tlepoay Bacihéos oTpatomebetoa- 
cat, Xoo pony oe €x TOU ampooboKnToU, 7 Ty 
TUXNY THY aperny TOU avd pos dcicavta 7 Kai 
TLow eEarrarnbevra copicpacty, enim pooev 
pannere XOpHe ar, aNXNA TO pwev Epyo puyetv, Aoyo 
25 Tis elpnvns epier Gas. 

"Ev TOUT dé Xoo pons ahoynoas Ta bpodorn- 
eva KadXivixov modw ovdevos TO mapaTmav apv- 
vouEevou ele. TAUTNS yap Tov TeptBorov opavres 

‘Pwpaior ca0pov Te Kal evdoToy Tavtamacw 
1 apdiovow VP: mpdtwow GW. 


448 


a ee ee ee 


i ll 


ee 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxi. 26-30 


of him that he treat the Romans as his friends in 
his journey through their land. This too he agreed 
to carry out, if they should give him some one of 
their notable men as a hostage to make this compact 
binding, in order that they might carry out their 


agreement. So the envoys returned to Belisarius 


and reported the words of Chosroes, and he came to 
Edessa and chose John, the son of Basilius, the 
most illustrious of all the inhabitants of Edessa in 
birth and in wealth, and straightway sent him, much 
against his will, as a hostage to Chosroes. And the 
Romans were loud in their praises of Belisarius and he 
seemed to have achieved greater glory in their eyes 
by this affair than when he brought Gelimer or 


_ Vittigis captive to Byzantium. For in reality it 


was an achievement of great importance and one 
deserving great praise, that, at a time when all 
the Romans were panic-stricken with fear and were 
hiding themselves in their defences, and Chos- 
roes with a mighty army had come into the midst 
of the Roman domain, a general with only a 


few men, coming in hot haste from Byzantium just - 


at that moment, should have set his camp over 
against that of the Persian king, and that Chosroes 
unexpectedly, either through fear of fortune or of the 
valour of the man or even because deceived by some 
tricks, should no longer continue his advance, but 
should in reality take to flight, though pretending to 
be seeking peace. 


But in the meantime Chosroes, disregarding the . 


agreement, took the city of Callinicus which was 
entirely without defenders. For the Romans, seeing 
that the wall of this city was altogether unsound 


449 
VOL, I. GG 


31 


32 


33 


34 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


dvTa, noipav avdTod del KcabarpodyTés Tiva, véa TWh 
dveveobyTo oixodopia. TOTe yoov pépos te avrod 
abehovres, ovTe é TO ev opevov Todo det- 
ba pevor, ered) Tos Tmoneplous ayxicTd TN 
én vO ovo elvat, TOV YPnUadToV dmefayaryoures Ta 
TIMLOTAT A, ot pev evdatpoves auras | Tay oiknT ope 
és érepa arTa oXupopara amex opnoay, ot bé 
Noutrol OTpATLOT OV Xwpis avTovd euewar, Kal 
Yyewpy@v Taymor Te Xphya évrav0a Evverhéx Oa 
cuveBn. ods 82) 0 Xoo pons avdparrodicas amtrav 
és eSaos Kabeihev. odiyp te vaTepov Tov Spn- 
pov ‘Teodvenv SeEduevos, a amex @pnoey és Ta mar pia 
HOn. "Appéviot TE OL TO Xoopon T POTKEXWPNKOTES, 
Ta Tord mpos ‘Popatev AaBovres, Eup Te Bao- 


odKn €s BuSavrvov HrOov. Tadra wey ev TH TpiTH — 


Xoopédov éo Born ‘Papatous yevér Oat Evvépn, Kab 
0 Beheodptos Baownet és Bulieriby MeTaTreLT TOS 


irOev, ep @ €s Tradiay avdrs * oTadaer a, movn- 


pov 70n navrdaTact TOV éxelyn TparyudTov 
“Popaiow dvTov. ~ 


XXII 


‘Trrd dé TOUS Xpovous TOUTOUS Lowuds yeryovev, 


€& ov 67 imavta OdryoU edénge Ta avOpareva , 


éEitnra eivat. dmace bev ovv tots e€ ovpavod 
ETLOKHT TOVTW lows oy Kal A€youTO Tu UT 
avdpav TOAMNT OV aitiov doyos, ola ToAAa pe- 
ovow of Ttadta Sewol aitias _TepateverOa ov- 
ni avOpoeT@ KatadnTTas ovaas, puciodoyias 


1 giris P: abrots VG. 2 adds VG: edOds P. 
450 


eee 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxi. 30-xxii. 1 


and easy of capture, were tearing down portions of 
it in turn and restoring them with new construc- 
tion. Now just at that time they had torn down 
one section of it and had not yet built in this 
interval; when, therefore, they learned that the 
enemy were close at hand, they carried out the most 
precious of their treasures, and the wealthy in- 
habitants withdrew to other strongholds, while the 
_ rest without soldiers remained where they were. 
And it happened that great numbers of farmers had 
gathered there. These Chosroes enslaved and razed 
everything to the ground. A little later, upon 
receiving the hostage, John, he retired to his own 
country. And the Armenians who had submitted 
to Chosroes received pledges from the Romans and 
came with Bassaces to Byzantium. Such was the 
fortune of the Romans in the third invasion. of 
Chosroes. And Belisarius came to Byzantium at 
the summons of the emperor, in order to be sent 
again to Italy, since the situation there was already 
full of difficulties for the Romans. 


XXII 


Durine these times there was a pestilence, by 
which the whole human race came near to being 
annihilated. Now in the case of all other scourges 
sent from Heaven some explanation .of a cause 
might be given by daring men, such as the many 
theories propounded by those who are. clever in 
these matters ; for they love to conjure up causes 
which are absolutely incomprehensible to man, and 


“451 


we 


542 A.D. 





PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Te avat\dooew wTrEpopious, e&emioTapevor ev 
@s éyovow ovdev vytés, arroyphy SE Hryovpevot 
odio, hv ye ToY évTUyYaVoVTMY TIVas TO NOY 
éEavratnoavtes Telowat. TovT@ péVTOL TO KAKO 
mpopaciv tia % AOym eireiy % Savoia Royi- 
cacbar pnyavy tis ovdepia éoti, wry ye 8) 
dca és Tov Oedv avadéperOar. ov yap éml pépous 
THs yas ovdé avOpwrrav ticl yéyovey ovdé Twa 
@pav Tov érous écxev, S0ev av cal codicpata 
aitias ebpéc Oa dvvaTa ein, adda TepieBadreTO 
pev THY yh Evpracar, Bious be avO pom wv 
dmayras éBrare, Kaltep aNd) MOV és TovvayTiov 
Tapa TON SiadhacoovTas, ove pucews TUvoS 
ove mpruxtas evo devon. etre yap Xwpiov €vot- 
KNOL ELTE vom Siairns, H pvoews TpOTr@, i) 
emuTndevpacw, adhe 6T@ avo porrav avOpewrrot 
Siapépovew, &v ravry 8h povn Th voo@ TO 
Siahddoo ov ovdev ameey. érécumpe 8é Tots 
pev dpa Oépous, Tots dé XELwave, Tots & Kata 
Tous adXous Karpous. heyéer@ bev ovv ws TH 
éxao Tos meph avrav yiveoKer Kal copiaTns Kal 
HETEWpONOYOS, eyo dé dev te ipkato % vooos 
mde Kal tTpom@ 51) St@ Tos avOpmrrous pe 
épav EpKoMar. 

“Hp£a70 pep ef Aiyurriov ot @xKnvTat év 
IInrovcto. yevouern dé diva i) piv emt Te 
’ANeEavSpelas Kal THS addas Aiyirrov- -€xapnee, 
an dé emt Tladaortivous tovs Aiyurrrions Omopous 
ArOev, evTedOev TE catéhaBe Ty yhv ovpracap, 
06@ Te ael mpoiodoa Kal xpovots Babifovea 
toils KaOnxovow. éml pyntois yap edoxer yopeiv 


452 








——— 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxii. 1-7 


to fabricate outlandish theories of natural philosophy, 
knowing well that they are saying nothing sound, 
but considering it sufficient for them, if they com- 
pletely deceive by their argument some of those 
whom they meet and persuade them to their view. 
But for this calamity it is quite impossible either 
to express in words or to conceive in thought. any 


.explanation, except indeed to refer it to God. For 


it did not come in a part of the world nor upon 
certain men, nor did it confine itself to any season of 
the year, so that from such circumstances it might 
be possible to find subtle explanations of a cause, 
but it embraced the entire world, and blighted the 
lives of all men, though differing from one another 


in the most marked degree, respecting neither 


sex nor age. For much as men differ with regard 
to places in which they live, or in the law of their 
daily life, or in natural bent, or in active pursuits, or 
in whatever else man differs from man, in the case 
of this disease alone the difference availed naught. 
And it attacked some in the summer season, others 
in the winter, and still others at the other times of 
the year. Now let each one express his own 
judgment concerning the matter, both sophist and 
astrologer, but as for me, I shall proceed to tell 
where this disease originated and the manner in 
which it destroyed men. 

It started from the Aegyptians who dwell in 
Pelusium. Then it divided and moved in one direc- 
tion towards Alexandria and the rest of Aegypt, and 
in the other direction it came to Palestine on the 
borders of Aegypt ; and from there it spread over the 
whole world, always moving forward and _ travelling 
at times favourable to it. For it seemed to move by 


453 


10 


ll 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


kal Xpovov TAKTOV &v Nope éxdoTn Svat pe Bnv 
EXEL, és ovdévas bev avOpwrev Trapépryos TO 
Pope * Xpomevn, oKedavyypern dé ep’ éxaTepa. 
péxpt és Tas THS oiKouperns eo YaTas, domep 
ScSovcvta pap TUS avTny Ths yas diardBor PUXOS. 
ovTE yap vijooy Twa a, om davov O dxcpa@pevav 
éitreTo av0 parrous oikaTopas é oveay" ip 
Tov Twa Kal Tap race YoOpav, 7) pI patoaca 
Tov TaUTN avOparrav y] dpooyeras avTav arpa- 
pévn, adra Xpove TO voTép@ avbts éevrava 
éemavioica Tov bev mepioixar, ols 51 TuKpoTaTa 
eméonnpe sm porepoy, ovdapas iinvato, THS be 
xopas éxelvns. ov TpoTEpoy atéaotn €ws TO 
MéT pov opbds Kat Sixaiws TOV TETEAEUTNKOTOV 
amédaxer, 6 Omep® Kal tois apd’ aurny @enpevors 
Xpovep TO Tporépp SuehOdpOax TETUXNKED. ap§a- 
pévn 88 del éx THs Tapanias % voros Oe, OUT@ 
oy) és THY pee bryetov avéBawe x@pay. Seutépp 
de eres és Bulavrvov pecovVTOS TOD pos adixero, 
év0a Kal enol éridnpeiv rnvixadta EvvéBy. eéyi- 
veto S€ woe. hdcpata Satmovev Todrois és 
Tacav avOpwrov idéav wh0n, bc0t Te avTots 
Tapamimro.ey, mater Oar GovTo T™ pos Tob évrv- 
OVTOS avopos omy TApaTvxot TOD THuATOS, 
apa Te TO ddopa ToUTO Ewpav cal Th voor 
avtixa i MaKovTo. Kav apxas pev ovv ot 
TApaTrETT@KOTES atotpéTec Oa avTa errelp@VTO, 
Tov Te dvopaT@v amooropativovres Ta Oevdtata 
Kal Ta aAAa éEooovpevor, as &xaoTos TN édv- 
vato, Hvvov pévToL TO Tapdtav ovdév, érel Kav 
tots tepots of mrelaTou Katadedyovtes SvepOei- 
1 90dpw P: p0évw VG. =? Sxep Haury: Somrep MSS. 


454 


* . - _ 
a 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, IL. xxii. 7-11 


fixed arrangement, and to tarry for a specified time 
in each country, casting its blight slightingly upon 
none, but spreading in either direction right out to 
the ends of the world, as if fearing lest some corner 
of the earth might escape it. For it left neither 
island nor cave nor mountain ridge which had human 
inhabitants ; and if it had passed by any land, either 
not affecting the men there or touching them in 


- indifferent fashion, still at a later time it came back ; 


—_-_-- 


then those who dwelt round about this land, whom 
formerly it had ‘afflicted most sorely, it did not touch 
at all, but it did not remove from the place in ques- 
tion until it had given up its just and proper tale of 


dead, so as to correspond exactly to the number 


destroyed at the earlier time among those who dwelt 
round about. And this disease always took its start 
from the coast, and from there went up to the 
interior. And in the second year it reached Byzantium 
in the middle of spring, where it happened that I was 
staying at that time. And it came as follows. / Appari- 
tions of supernatural beings in human guise of every 
description were seen by many persons, and those 
who encountered them thought that they were struck 
by the man they had met in this or that part of the 
body, as it happened, and immediately upon seeing 
this apparition they were seized also by the disease. ; 
Now at first those who met these creatures tried to 
turn them aside by uttering the holiest of names and 
exorcising them in other ways as well as each one 
could, but they accomplished absolutely nothing, for 
even in the sanctuaries where the most of them ‘fled 
‘ 


455 


a 


12 


13 


14 


15 


16 


17 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


povto. Uorepov dé ovdé Tois Hidors Karodow 
éraxoverv n&tovv, aAAa KabeipEavtes altos év 
tois Swpatiows, ote 6) ovK émaiovey mpoce- 
TOLOUVTO, KaiTEp apaccopévav avTois Tov OupOr, 
e n 
deipaivovtes SnrovoTe pr) Satpovev Tis 0 Ka@V 
» \ \ > ef e 4 > / 
ein. tial 5é ovxy obtws 6 AoLpos ErreyiveTo, 
> >» >? / 207 > \ n \ nr 
arr’ driv ovetpou idovtTes TAVTO TOTO Tpos TOD 
émistavTos Tdayew eddKouv, 7 OYou aKoveLW 
/ / 4 > 3 n , 
mporéyovtos adicw tt 8) és Tov TeOvnEopéevan 
\ ? \ ah nf s ta \ 4 7 
Tov aptOpov avdypamTo. elev. Tots d€ TAELETOLS 
ovte trap ovTe dvap aicOopuévors Tod éoopmévou 
> a / / ty, A ty) / \ 
eita’ TH voowm EvvéBn ard@vat. rALcKovTO O6é 
A > uA ” e \ > cf 
TpOT@ ToLdde. emUpeccor Adve, oi wev e& Umrvov 
4 
éynyepuévor, of S€ mepitatous Totovpevot, ot bé 
” iA \ / \ \ \ n 
Gro 6 tt 82 Tpdooovtes. Kal TO pev copa 
ovTe TL SinrAXaTTE THS TpoTépas xpos ovTE 
Peppov nv, ate mupeTod emimecovTos, ov pHv 
ovde Prdywous éreyiveTo, dAX' otTas aBAHXpOS 
Tus €& apxfs Te Kal adypis éomépas 6 muperos 
Ww @aoTe pte Tos vocodaw avtois pte iaTp@ 
antopéve Soxnow Kkiwdvvou tapéxetOar. ov yap 
ovy ovdé Tis TeXeUTaY TOV TEpiTETTMKOTOV aT” 
avtov éofev. nyépa 5é tots pév TH adTH, Tots 
\ a nr 
bé TH émvyevopéern, étépots 5é od TroARais botepov 
\ > an > ? a 4 BA 
BovBev érijpto, ovx évtad0a povov, vOa Kat 
\ a a 
TO Tov gwpyaTos poptov, 5 dy Tod Hrpou évepOév 
1 &xpis éomépas VP: &xpi és wépas G. i 
456 


—— | a | 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxii. 11-17 


for refuge they were dying constantly. But later on 
they were unwilling even to give heed to their friends 
when they called to them, and they shut themselves up 
in their rooms and pretended that they did not hear, 
although their doors were being beaten down, fearing, 
obviously, that he who was calling was one of those 
demons. But in the case of some the pestilence did 
not come on in this way, but they saw a vision in a 
dream and seemed to suffer the very same thing at 
the hands of the creature who stood over them, or 
else to hear a voice foretelling to them that they were 
written down in the number of those who were to 
die. But with the majority it came about that they 
were seized by the disease without becoming aware 
of what was coming either through a waking vision 
oradream. And they were taken in the following 
manner. They had a sudden fever, some when just 
roused from sleep, others while walking about, and 
others while otherwise engaged, without any regard 
to what they were doing. And the body showed no 
change from its previous colour, nor was it hot as 
might be expected when attacked by a fever, nor 
indeed did any inflammation set in, but the fever was 
of such a languid sort from its commencement and 
up till evening that neither to the sick themselves 
nor to a physician who touched them would it afford 
any suspicion of danger. /It was natural, therefore, 
that not one of those who had contracted the disease 
expected to die from it.{ But on the same day in 
some cases, in others on the following day, and in 
the rest not many days later, a bubonic swelling 
developed ; and this took place not only in the 
particular part of the body which is called “boubon,’’! 


~ 1 Te. ** groin.” 


457 


“a 


18 


19 


21 


23 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


cot," BouBov KEKANT AL, GXrea Kal Tihs parns 
evTos; net 6é Kal Tapa Ta Ota Kal Grou mote 
TOV pnpav® érvye. 
\ \ 9 ” lal cal ¢ / / 
Ta pev odv dxypt Todde Tac. dpoims cyedov Tt 
a A , ¢ / / \ \ 
Tos TH voow adicKopuévos EvvéBawe> Ta Oe 
> / > 4 > a / > ny 4, 
évOévde ovK Eyw citmeiy moTepov év TH Stadddo- 
covTt TOV TopaToY Kal » Svapopa Tav Evpmi- 
mTovT@v éyiveTo, 7) On ToTé Bovropévm ein 
[ol \ / > / > / lal 
T@ THY voooy éTayayovTl. éreyivero yap Tots 
\ a 4 ta) \ 4 > a 
pep. Kapa Bald, Tois dé tapadpootvn o€eia, 
\ / / 
ExaTEpol TE TA TPOS THY VocoV emuTNdELws exovTA 
émacyov: ols pev yap TO K@ma érréxerto, TaVT@Y 
> / a > / / > > 4 
emtNeAnapévot TOV ciw@OdTaVv odhiaw és ael Kabed- 
Sew éddxovy. Kal ei pév Tis avTav émipenoiTo, 
\ + \ \ Nay? / > / 
peTa&d oOvov, twés O€ Kal arnpuednpévor atropia 
tpodins evOds EOvnckov. of wévToL TO THS Tapa- 
ppoovuns GNOVTES KAK@ dypunvig Te Kal pav- 
Tacig TOMAS elXovTo, Kal Twas dmom TevovTes 
émrévar ohiow ws on amoNovvTas, és Tapayny 
TE Kabiorayto Kal avaBodvres é€aictov otov 
és guy Opynvro. ot TE avrovs Oeparrevovres 
Kapare aT avoT@ eXopevor Ta, awnKerra és del 
emacxov. 810 8) drravres avTovs ovx Hooov 
} TOUS TOvOUPEVOUS Gxtifovto, ovx OTL TO AOLMO 
érueCovto éx TOD T poo vévat (ore yap lap? ovTe 
iOcoTn peTaraxely Tod KaKod Tov6e (TOY vo- 
colvtay ) TOV TETENEUTNKOT OV dmropeve Evvé- 
Bn, érel Tornol peéev acl Kal Tovs ovdev opin 
TpOTHKOVTAS 7 PATO RTE SN }) Ocparrevovtes TAaUTH 
1 éori VP: dv G, 2 unpav MSS,: uepav Hoeschel, 
458 


eee ee 


es 


ti. 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxii. 17-23 


that is, below the abdomen, but also inside the arm- 
pit, and in some cases also beside the ears, and at 
different points on the thighs. 

Up to this point, then, everything went in about 
the same way with all who had taken the disease. 
But from then on very marked differences developed ; 
and I am unable to say whether the cause of this 
diversity of symptoms was to be found in the differ- 
ence in bodies, or in the fact that it followed the 
wish of Him who brought the disease into the world. 
For there ensued with some a deep coma, with others 
a violent delirium, and in either case they suffered 
the characteristic symptoms of the disease. For 
those who were under the spell of the coma forgot 


_ all those who were familiar to them and seemed to 


be sleeping constantly. And if anyone cared for 
them, they would eat without waking, but some also 
were neglected, and these would die directly through 
lack of sustenance. But those who were seized with 
delirium suffered from insomnia and were victims of a 
distorted imagination ; for they suspected that men 
were coming upon them to destroy them, and they 
would become excited and rush off in flight, crying 
out at the top of their voices. And those who were 
attending them were in a state of constant exhaustion 
and had a most difficult time of it throughout. For 
this reason everybody pitied them no less than the 
sufferers, not because they were threatened by the 
pestilence in going near it (for neither physicians 
nor other persons were found to contract this malady 
through contact with the sick or with the dead, for 
many who were constantly engaged either in burying 
or in attending those in no way connected with them 


459 


oo 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


57 TH omoupyia mapa ddfav avreixon, TodXot 
dé Tis vooou émpogacioras avrots émemerovons 
evs eOvnc Kor), Grn 6tt Tarav@@pia TOAAT 

24 elXovTo. ex Te yap TOY oTpOLdTOY éxmrimtovtTas 
Kat cadweovpévous és TO edados avrixabiarov 
adbis, nal pumrety pas avrous ek TOV OiKNUAT@V 
epieuévous abobyrés TE Kal avd dxovtes éBia- 

25 Covro. Ddcop TE ols Mapatvyor, eyed elv neon, 
ov o11 ovxX dcov Tod ToTOD * embupig (és yap ® 
Oaraccav oi Tool Oppynvro)s arn aitvoy ay 

26 padiora H TOY ppevdv voor 0s. monds dé avdtois 
Kal Teph Tas Bpocess éyéveTo Tovos. ov yap 
EUTET@S TpocievTO TavTas. moXXot Te aropia 
TOU DeparrevovTos SuefOdpnear, i MUD mueto- 

27 pevor, n ap’ tx od Kabiévtes TO cepa. doous 
bé ovre KOLA OvTE Tapadpoovvy évérrese, TOUTOLS 
8) 6 Te BovBov eopanérite kal avtol tats 

28 advvais ovKeTL aVTEXOVTES eOvne Kov. TEKEN- 
pucbaeve 8 ay tis Kal Tots adrars dmact KaTa 
tavTa EvpPhvar, arr érel é€v avtols @s HKioTa 
joav, Evveivar THs odvvns ovdamh elyov, TOU 
md0ous avtois Tod audhl Tas dpévas Tapaspov- 
pévou TH aicOnow. 

29 “Arropovpevou yoov Tay TwWeEs tat pov TH TOV 
EupmemtovTe@v ayvola TO TE THS vorov Kepdadaov 
éy Tots BovBoow émonex pio Oat olopevot, dvepev- 
vacOat TOV TETENEUTHKOTOV TA THOpaTa eyvocaD. 
kal Stedovtes tev BovBovev tivds, dvOpaKxos 
Sewov Te yphua éumepuKos evpov. 

ov 64 Hoeschel: ob 5€ VG, od df P, ddarc conjectured by 


Christ, avTge by Haury. 2 rorov P: rotapod VG. 
3 dp Hoeschel : yoor MSS. 


460 





oe ao 


yr 


avs 


lie del be. ian 


eee ee ee 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxii. 23-29 


held out in the performance of this service beyond 
all expectation, while with many others the disease 
came on without warning and they died straightway) ; 
but they pitied them because of the great hardships 
which they were undergoing. For when the patients 
fell from their beds and lay rolling upon the floor, 
they kept putting them back in place, and when 
they were struggling to rush headlong out of their 
houses, they would force them back by shoving and 
pulling against them. And when water chanced to 
be near, they wished to fall into it, not so much 
because of a desire for drink (for the most of them 
rushed into the sea), but the cause was. to be found 
chiefly in the diseased state of their minds. They 
had also great difficulty in the matter of eating, for 
they could not easily take food. And many perished 
through lack of any man to care for them, for they 
were either overcome by hunger, or threw themselves 
down froma height. And in those cases where neither 
coma nor delirium came on, the bubonic swelling 
became mortified and the sufferer, no longer able 
to endure the pain, died. And one would suppose 
that in all cases the same thing would have been 
true, but since they were not at all in their senses, 
some were quite unable to feel the pain; for owing 
to the troubled condition of their minds they lost all 
sense of feeling. 

Now some of the physicians who were at a loss 
because the symptoms were not understood, suppos- 
ing that the disease centred in the buboni¢ swell- 
ings, decided to investigate the bodies of the dead. 
And upon opening some of the swellings, they found 
a strange sort: of carbuncle that had grown. inside 
them. 


461 


a 


30 


31 


32 


33. 


34 


35 


36 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


"EOvncKkov dé of pev adtixa, of bé pépaus 
Torrais totepov, Tick Te HArAvKTAaivals pedaivals 
4 a , 2 / \ Lal “ WS) 
dcov haxod péyelos eEnvOer TO cama, ol ovde 

/ > / ¢ / > ? > X [iA 
piav émeBiwv juépav, aX evOuwpov aravtes 
” \ \ e > / vA 
éOvnoKxov. toddovs S€ Kai TLS avTopaTos ai- 
patos émuyivomevos Euetos evOds Siexpnoaro. 
éxeivo pévtor arropnvacbat éyw, oS TOV iaTpav 


ot Soxiyuetato: moddods pev TeOvAnEecOat mpon- 


yopevov, of 61 KaKk@v amabeis odiy@ DoTepov 
Tapa ddéav éyivovto, ToAAOVs Sé bTt C@OHGoVTAaL 
ioxupifovto, of 52 SiapOapyncecOar Ewerrov av- 
Tika 67) pddra. ovTws aitia tis Hv! oddeuia ev 
TavTn TH voow és avOpmTov ANoyiopov pépovea: 
Tao. yap Tis adoytoTos aTroBacts éml wrEloTOV 
épépeto, kal Ta ouTPa ToS Mev BNE, TOUS 
dé ovdéy te Hoocov KatéBrarvev.  aywerovpevol 
Te TToAXOl eOunonov, Tronnol 5é mapa Royov 
éowlovro. Kal mary av Ta. THS Oeparretas eq’ 
éxdtepa tots Ypopévors eydperr kal TO Edprav 
el7rety ovdepia punxavn bode és Thy caTnplay 
eEevpnro, ovte mpopuratanéve pn merrovOévar 
ouTE Tov KaKOU émLTEcOVTOS mepuyever Bar, anda 
Kal To Talety ampopdcictoy Hv Kal TO Tepretvas 
avTomatov. 

Kat yuvarél dé baat éxvouv T povTTos éyivero 
TH voo@ aArALoKoMEévals Oo Gavatos. ai per yap 
dBdaKkoveat éOynoKxov, ai dé Tiktoveat Eby 
avrois evOds Tois TUKTOMEVOLS épbetporto. Tpels 
pévTou NEXoUs Néyovuet TOV Taldov cdhicw aTo- 

1 «is Rv Maltretus: riofy MSS. 
462 ; 


Mee ee 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxii. 30-36 


Death came in some cases immediately, in others 
after many days; and with some the body broke out 
with black pustules about as large asa lentil and these 
did not survive even one day, but. all succumbed 
immediately. With many also a vomiting of blood 
ensued without visible cause and straightway brought 
death. Moreover I am able to declare this, that the 
most illustrious physicians predicted that many would 
die, who unexpectedly escaped entirely from suffer- 
ing shortly afterwards, and that they declared that 
many would be saved, who were destined to be 
carried off almost immediately. So it was that in 
this disease there was no cause which came within 
the province of human reasoning ; for in all cases the 
issue tended to be something unaccountable. For 
example, while some were helped by bathing, others 
were harmed in no less degree. And of those who 
received no care many died, but others, contrary to 
reason, were saved. And again, methods of treat- 
ment showed different results with different patients. 
Indeed the whole matter may be stated thus, that 
no device was discovered by man to save himself, so 
that either by taking precautions he should not 
suffer, or that when the malady had. assailed him 
he should get the better of it; -but suffering came 
without warning and recovery was due to no external 
cause. 

And in the case of women who were pregnant 
death could be certainly foreseen if they were taken 
with the disease. For some died through mis- 
carriage, but others perished immediately at the 
time of birth with the infants they bore. How- 
ever, they say that three women in confinement 


463 


37 


38 


39 


3 


+ 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Aopévoy TepryevécOat, Kai pds On ev TO TOKETO 
arroBavovans TeTéxOat Te Kal Tepleivat TO Tat- 
Stes SUE Sivas. 5 / £ \ v ute: 

Ocors pev ody petfov te 6 BovBav jpeto Kal 
és mvov adixto, TovTois 8%) Tepteivar THS vooou 
amadraccopevors EvvéBawev, evel SHrov 6tt 
avtois 7) axun és TOUTO éheAwd KEL TOD avOpakos, 
yvopiapnad Te THS Vyelas TOTO éx TOD él Treél- 
atov éyiveto: ois d€ 0 BovBay ért ths mpotépas 
idéas Suéperve, TOVTOLS TeEpLELOTHKEL TA KAKA @V 
apt. éuvnoOnv. ticl 5€ avTav Kai Tov pnpov 
amtroEnpavOjnvas EvvéBn, éf 0b 6 BovBav éraplels 
@s hKicTa eumrvos yéeyover. aAdos TE OVK em 
akepaim Th yAwoon TepiyevécOar TETUXNKED, 
adr 4 tpavrtfovew, 7) pods Te Kal aonpa 
Pleyyopuévors Bidvar. 


XXIII 


‘H pev odv vooos ev Bulavti@ és téooapas 
d:prAOe phvas, ikwace b€ év Tpict padiota. Kal 
Kat apyas pev eOvnoKxovy Tov eiwOoTwav dréiy 
mreious, eita éTt maANOY TO KAKOY TpETO, MET 
dé és mevtaxicyiAiovs Hpépa éExdotn é€iKveito 
TO TOV vexpOv péTpov, Kal ad maduv &s pupious 
Te Kal TovT@y éts TAEious HAGE. TA pmev OdV 
Tpata THs Tadhs avtos Exactos émEepedeito 
TOV KaTa THY oikiay vexpav, ods 6) Kal és 
adXoTpias Onxas éppimrtovv % NavOdvovtes 7 
Bialopevor erecta Sé wdvta év dmacr Evvera- 
paxOn. So0dro0i te yap Euewav Seatrorav Epnpot, 


464 





—“ =. w=’. =F". 


_ -—— 


ove ee ee 
? . . . 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxii. 36—xxiii. 4 


survived though their children perished, and that 
one woman died at the very time of child-birth but 
that the child was born and survived. 

- Now in tHose cases where the swelling rose to 
an unusual size and a discharge of pus had set in, 
it came about that they escaped from the disease 
and survived, for clearly the acute condition of the 
carbuncle had found relief in this direction, and this 
proved to be in general an indication of returning 
health; but in cases where the swelling preserved 
its former appearance there ensued those troubles 
which I have just mentioned. And with some of 
them it came about that the thigh was withered, in 
which case, though the swelling was there, it did not 
develop the least suppuration. With others who 
survived the tongue did not remain unaffected, and 
they lived on either lisping or speaking incoherently 
and with difficulty. 


XXIII 


Now the disease in Byzantium ran a course of four 
months, and its greatest virulence lasted about three. 
And ‘at first the deaths were a little more than the 
normal, then the mortality rose still higher, and after- 
wards the tale of dead reached five thousand each 
day, and again it even came to ten thousand and 
still more than that. Now in the beginning each 
man attended to the burial of the dead of his own 
house, and these they threw even into the tombs 
of others, either escaping detection or using violence ; 
but afterwards confusion and disorder everywhere 
became complete. For slaves remained destitute of 


465 
VOL. I. H HA 


Pro 


10 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


ba \ / / > ? a nm 
dvdpes Te TA TpoTEepa ALay evdSaipoves THS TOV 
oikeTOv Urroupyias 4) vocoUYTMV 7) TETENEUTNKOTOV 
éotépnvto, ToANal TE Oikiar TavTatacw éEpnpot 

> , Ae \ \ n 
avOpérav éyévovto. 610 6) EvvéByn ticl Tdv 
yopiwav TH atopia hyépas Todas atadors 

elvat. = 

a ; , 7 
"Es te Bacitéa 4 Tod TpadypaTtos Tpovola, 

c See Golek: t a» toh 
@s TO eikos, HAGE. oTpaTL@Tas ody éx TadaTioU 

\ / / / b BE nr 

Kal ypypata velwas PMeddwpov éxédeve TOD Epyou 
Tovtou émipedeicOa, ds 6%) amoKpicect Tats 
Baoittkals ébevotyxet, del TH Bacire? Tas TOV 

e n / > / 50, 
ixeT@v Sejoes ayyéd\iov, onuaivev te avdlis 
iA x > n , yy c / n 
doa dy ait@ Bovropévw ein. pepepevddpiov TH 
Aativer dovii thy tiny tatTny Kadodo. “Pa- 
patio. ols pév ovv ovtw! TravTatacw és épn- 
piay éuTeTT@KOTA TA KATA THY OiKiay éTUYyYaVED, 
avtoi ExacTo. Tas TOV TpocnKoYTaY éTrOLOvYTO 
tagds. Oeddwpos S& ta te Bactrhéws Sid0vs 
xXpnuata Kal Ta oiKela tpocavadicx@y Tovs 
amTnpernpévous Tav vexpav eOamtev. mei Oe 
tas @nxas amdoas al mpotepov joav éumt- 
TrAacbat TOY vexpav etuxer, of Sé dpvaocorTes 
amavra eépeEns Ta audl thy Todmv xXopia, 
évrad0d te Tovs OvnocKxovtas KataTiWéwevot, oS 
&xaaotos wn édtvato, awnAXdooorto, éreta Se 
oi TAS KATMpPYYAS Tav’TAS TrOLOUmEVOL TPOS TOV 
atoOvncKovtTmv TO péTpov ovKéTe aVvTéxXoVTES, 
és tovs mupyous tod mepiSorouv avéBawov ds 
év Xvueais €or Tds Te dpodas TepredovTeEs 
évrav0a éppimtovry Ta copmata ovderl Koop, 

1 otaw Maltretus: elroy V, om. G. 


466 . 


———— 


— 


tebe Kaiten ee 


Tae ee eee 


i i 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxiii. 4-10 


masters, and men who in former times were very 
prosperous were deprived of the service of their 
domestics who were either sick or dead, and many 
houses became completely destitute of human in- 
habitants. For this reason it came about that some 
of the notable, men of the city because of the 
universal destitution remained unburied for many 
days. 

And it fell to the lot of the emperor, as was 
natural, to make provision for the trouble. He there- 
fore detailed soldiers from the palace and distributed 
money, commanding Theodorus to take charge ot 
this work ; this man held the position of announcer 
of imperial messages, always announcing to the 


- emperor the petitions of his clients, and declaring 


to them in turn whatever his wish was. In the 
Latin’ tongue the Romans designate this office by 
the term “referendarius.” So those who had not as 
yet fallen into complete destitution in their domestic 
affairs attended individually to the burial of those 
connected with them. But Theodorus, by giving 
out the emperor’s money and by making further 
expenditures from his own purse, kept: burying the 
bodies which were not cared for. And when it came 
about that all the tombs which had existed pre- 
viously were filled with the dead, then they dug 
up all the places about the city one after the 
other, laid the dead there, each one as he could, 
and departed; but later on those who were making 
these trenches, no longer able to keep up with 


the number of the dying, mounted the towers 


of the fortifications in Sycae,! and tearing off the 


_ roofs threw the bodies in there in complete disorder ; 


1 Modern Galata. 
467 


HH 2 


11 


12 


13 


14 


15 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


\ 
kal Evuvyncavtes, OS WH éExdoT@ TapéTUXEY, 
éuTrAncapevol TE TOV veKpaV ws eimely &tayTas, 


eita tais dpopais adOis éxdduTTov. Kal ar 


avtod .rvedpa Svoddes és THY TOmW tov éTt 
HadXov edvTrEL TOs Ta’Tn avOpwrTrous, GX@S TE 
Hv Kal dvewos Tis exeiDev érihopos érumvevoete. 
Ildvta te brepwopOn tote Ta Tepl Tas Tapas 
voOplpa. OUTE Yap TapaTEuTrOpEVvOL H VEevVOMLE TAL 
e a Soe »” , a 
ol vexpot éxoulfovTo ovTE KaTapadrXopevot HTEP 
77 { ? > e \ = > / >> 4 n 
ei@Ver, GXX’ ixavov Hv, e pépwv Tis emt TOV 
@LOV TOV TETENEUTHKOTOV TLVa &> TE THS TOAEWS 


He saab 
Ta é€7iBardooia édMav Eppuvpev, ov On Tals 


axatow éuSaddopevor cwpnddv euedrov, O77 
mTapatvyo KopitesOar. Tote Kal Tod SHpov bcoL 
oTATLATaL TpOTEpov Hoav, éxOous Tod és GAXI- 
Rous adépuevot THs TE Ocias TOV TETENEUTNKOTOV 
Koh émeuédovtTo Kal dépovtes avtol Tods ov 
mpoonxovras ahict vexpors @Oartov. adda Kab 
dcoL Tpdypact Ta TpdTEepa TapioTduevoae aic- 
xpois te Kal trovnpois éxatpov, olde THY és THY 
Siaitay aToceoadpevor Tapavomiay Thy evoéBevav 
axpiBas HoKovy, od THY cadpocvvny peTapa- 
Oovres ovde THs apeTns épactai tives €x TOD 
aidvidiouv yeyevnpévor érel tots avOpa@mos boa 
eurérnye pice %) ypdvov paxpod didacKkaria 
pacta 8) ottw petaBddrdrcoOa advvatd éorw, 
bt. yn Oeiov Tivos aya0od émumrvedcavtos: adda 


468 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxiii. 1o-15 


and they piled them up just as each one happened 
to fall, and filled practically all the towers with 


‘corpses, and then covered them again with their 


roofs. As a result of this an evil stench pervaded 
the city and distressed the inhabitants still more, 
and especially whenever the wind blew fresh from 
that quarter. 

At that time all the customary rites of burial were 
overlooked. For the dead were not carried out 
escorted by a procession in the customary manner, 
nor were the usual chants sung over them, but it was 
sufficient if one carried on his shoulders the body of 
one of the dead to the parts of the city which 
bordered on the sea and flung him down; and there 


__ the corpses would be thrown upon skiffs in a heap, — 


to be conveyed wherever it might chance. At 
that time, too, those of the population who had 
formerly been members of the factions laid aside 
their mutual enmity and in common they attended 
to, the burial rites of the dead, and they carried 
with their own hands the bodies of those who were 
no connections of theirs and buried them. } Nay, 
more, those who in times past used to take delight 
in devoting themselves to pursuits both shameful © 
and base, shook off the unrighteousness of their 
daily lives and practised the duties of religion with 
diligence, not so much because they had learned 
wisdom at last nor because they had become all of 
a sudden lovers of virtue, as it were—for when 
qualities have become fixed in men by nature or by 
the training of a long period of time, it is impossible 
for them to lay them aside thus lightly, except, 
indeed, some divine influence for good has breathed 
upon them—but then all, so to speak, being 


469 


16 


“VW 


18 


19 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


TOTE wS eimely AmavTes KaTaTeTAnYMEeVOL jev 
tots Evprimtovar, teOvnkecOar 5 avtixa 1 
bara olopevor, avayxyn, @s TO €iKds, Taon THY 
értetxevav ert Katpod peteudvOavov. TadTad TOL, 
érreid)) TaYXLoTA THS vooov amadrayévTes éco- 
Onoav ev Te TH Aohanrel yeyevacOat dn oreTd- 
macav, ate Tov Kakod ém addrous avOpeTav 
TWAS KEXWPNKOTOS, ayxlcTpopov avOis THs yvo- 
ens thy petaBoryy emt Ta yelpw TerrolnpevoL, 
MGAXoV 7) TpoTepov THY TaV émiTHdEUPaAT@V 
atotriav évdeixvuvTat, opas avTovs padLoTAa TH 
Te Tovnpia Kat TH GAdn Tapavopia veveKnKoTes’ 
evel Kal amricyupioapevos av Tis ov Ta wWeudH 
elrot ws 1) vooos Hoe elite TUYN TIL ElTe Tpovoia 
és TO.aKpiBes atorcEapévn Tovs mTovnpoTdtous 
abfcev. Gd\d\a TadtTa pev TO boTépw Garodé- 
SeueTaL XpoOVve. 

Tote dé dayopdfovta- Twa ovK evretes €ddxKet 
elvas év ye Bufavtiw ideiv, aAX oiKxot KaOhpevor 
amavres boos EvvéBawe TO copa éeppacbat, 
 Tovs vooovvtas éOepatrevov, 7%) Tovs TeTEeEU- 
tTnkoTas eOpnvovv. tw bé Tis Kal mpoiovTe 
tii évtuyeiy loyvoev, O5¢ THY TWa veKpOV 
épepev. é€pyacia te Evpraca pyer, Kal Tas 
Texvas oi Texvitas peOjKav amdcas, épya TE 
addra boa on Exactor ev yepoly elxov. év 
mode yovv ayabois amacw ateyvas €vOn- 
vovon Amos Tis akptBas areceaaten apTov 
apérer 7) GAO OTLOdY SiapKas Exe YadeTrOV TE 
éd0xer Kal AOyou Todd aéor eivary Bote Kab 
TOV vocovvT@V Teoly ceopov -EvpBivat Sdoxetv 
> / n > a f - 
amopia, TOV dvayKaiwy THv Tod Biov KaTaaTpo- 
47° 


aad 


fas’ * ile penis. spiel ae 


iin i ee i ee ite a 


a 


—— ee 


Oe Se 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxiii. 15-19 


thoroughly terrified by the things which were 
happening, and supposing that they would die 
immediately, did, as was natural, learn respectability 
for a season by sheer necessity. Therefore as soon 
as they were rid of the disease and were saved, and 
already supposed that they were in security, since 
the curse had moved on to other peoples, then they 
turned sharply about and reverted once more to 
their baseness of heart, and now, more than before, 
they make a display of the inconsistency of their 
conduct, altogether surpassing themselves in villainy 
and in lawlessness of every sort. For one could 
insist emphatically without falsehood that this 
disease, whether by chance or by some providence, 
chose out with exactitude the worst men and let 
them go free. But these things were displayed to 
the world in later times. 

' During that time it seemed no easy thing to see 
any man in the streets of Byzantium, but all who had 
the good fortune to be in health were sitting in their 
houses, either attending the sick or mourning the 
dead. And if one did succeed in meeting a man 
going out, he was carrying one of the dead. And 
work of every description ceased, and all the trades 
were abandoned by the artisans, and all other work 


as well, such as each had in hand. Indeed in a 


city which was simply abounding in all good 
things starvation almost absolute was running riot. 
Certainly it seemed a difficult and very notable thing 
to have a sufficiency of bread or of anything else ; 
so that with some of the sick it appeared that the 
end of life came about sooner than it should have 
come by reason of the lack of the necessities of life. 


471 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


~ 


20 dyv. Kal To Evurrav eimeivy, yAapvoa ovK Av 


21 


évdidvaKopevov tiva év Bulavtim to Tapdmayv 
ideiv, GANwS Te Hvixa Bacirel voojoat “buv éBn 
(xal avT@ yap Evvérese BovBova érnpat), 
GNX’ év rode _Baciretav éyourn Evpmaons THS 
‘Popaior ap; apxijs iparia év Loar Ov Oye drravres 
durex opevor NOUXT Euevov. Ta ev odv cui 
TO Aoupp ev TE TH aX ‘Popatwr yh Kal év 
Butavtie TAUTY Tn oxen. emecnnye 6é Kal és 
THD Ilepcav yhv nal és BapBapovs tods adXous 
arravtas. 


XXIV 


"Etiyyave 5€ 6 Xoapons é& "Accupiwv és 
xeptov AdapBuyavev txwv pos Boppay avepor, 


“évbev Suevoeitro és tiv “Popaiwy apynv dia 


Ilepoappeviov éoBddrew. TO péya tupelov év- 
n sw 3 4 4 i i) A 
Tav0a éotw, d céBovra Lépca Oedv padioTa. 
ze \ \ a ” / / . /, 
od 87 TO Tip adcBectov GuddocovrTes pdyot Ta 
* > \ > \ b] n / 
Te adda &€s TO axpiBes eEoovodvTar Kal pavTei@ 
és TOV TpayudTav TA MéyLoTAa Xp@vTAaL. TOTO 
éott TO wip Step ‘Eotiav éxddovv te Kal éoé- 
Bovto év tois dvw xpovois “‘Pwopator. évTradOa 
7, 
oraneis tis x Bufavtiov mapa Xocponv amny- 
yArre Kevotartiavov te cal Yépyov mpécBeis 
> > X 24 \ ol / eae A i 
és autov émi TH EvpBdaoe adtixa 8) para 
7 / + \ \ v 4 Lag - / 
api~ecOar. haotnv S€ To avdpe TovTw pxHTopE 
” \ % > \ sy 
Te audw Kai EvveTo €s TA pddtota, Kwvorav- 


472 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxiii. 19—xxiv. 4 


And, to put all in a word, it was not possible to see 
a single man in Byzantium clad in the chlamys,! and 
especially when the emperor became ill (for he too 
had a swelling of the groin), but in a city which held 
_ dominion over the whole Roman empire every man 
was wearing clothes befitting private station and 
remaining quietly at home. | Such was the course of 
the pestilence in the Roman empire at large as well- 
as in Byzantium. And it fell also upon the land 
of the Persians and visited all the other barbarians 
besides, 


XXIV 


Now it happened that Chosroes had come from 543 a.v. 
Assyria to a place toward the north called Adar- 
biganon, from which he was planning to make an 
invasion into the Roman domain through Persar- 

menia. In that place is the great sanctuary of 
fire, which the Persians reverence above all other 
gods. There the fire is guarded unquenched by 
the Magi, and they perform. carefully a_ great 
number of sacred rites, and in particular they 
consult an oracle on those matters which are of 
the greatest importance. This is the fire which 
the Romans worshipped under the name of Hestia ? 
in ancient times. There someone who had been 
sent from Byzantium to Chosroes announced that 
Constantianus and Sergius would come before him 
directly as envoys to arrange the treaty. Now 
_these two men were both trained speakers and 
exceedingly clever; Constantianus was an Illyrian 


1 The official dress. 2 Vesta. 
473 





PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


TLAVOS pev TAAvpios yevos, Lépyuos bé eE *Edécans 
Ronse i) év Mecorrotapia Tuyxaver ovoa. ods 
Sy oc pons mpoadexouevos novXh ewevev, €v 
dé TH mopela TavTy Koveravtiavod voonoavros 
Kal Xpovov TpuBevros avXVOD, TOY NOLMOV eTLTKH- 

6 Yat Tlépoaus Evvémece. 810 67 NaBédns THE 
Kabra év Tepoappevioss THY otpatnyiba éyov 

- apxnv tov év AovBuos TOV Xpiotiavev lepéa 
Baciréws emaryyethavTos Tapa Badepravov TOV 
év “Appevious oTparnyov érreprrev, air Lag 6 wevov 
TE THD TOV _mpéo Bewv Bpadutita Kal ‘Popaious 
e és THY elpyjyny oppijoovTa mr podupia TH ndon. 
7 kal ds Evy TO WErPH és "A ppevious KV, 7 
TE Barepiav@ evTUXODV, avros Te ‘Popators are 
X pu tiavos ioxupivero evvoiKOs EXE Kal ob 
Bacihéa _Xooponv meiOecOat ae és Bovdny 
Tica OoTe Hv ‘Popaiey ot mpéaBeus és Ta 
Mepody nOn Eby avT@ ENwow, ovK dp TL avTois 
éumrodicpa ein Tod THY elpnvynv brn * Bovrovrat 
8 diabjoec Ban. 0 pev ovv tepeds TooatTa elev" 
0 8€ TOD lepéws aber pos Barepiav@ évTUX@v 
AdOpa Xocponv év peydrous eivat KaKols epacke: 
TOV TE yap ot maida _Tupavvids emuBépevor & érrava- 
oTHpat, Kal avrov ouov Ely marl ™@ Tepoay 
orpare Th vor adr@var 810 62 cal ‘Paopators 
9 Tavov és TI EiuBaow eO€dew leva. TavTa 
émrel Banepiavos 7) HKouge, TOV MeV érig Kom ov evOds 
dTreTeMApaTO, Tovs mpéa Bees ovK is paKpav 
UroaXopevos Tapa. Xoapony apikerPat, avros 


6é TOUS hoyous és Bacihéa ‘lovaremavoy ovorrep. 


10 nanKkder avynveyxev. ols 8) 0 Bacireds avTixa 
1 $rn Maltretus: 8rov MSS. 


474 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxiv. 4-10 


by birth, and Sergius was from the city of Edessa 
in Mesopotamia. And Chosroes remained quiet 
expecting these men. But in the course of the 
journey thither Constantianus became ill and much 
time was consumed; in the meantime it came 
about that the pestilence fell upon the Persians. 
For this reason Nabedes, who at that time held the 
office of general in Persarmenia, sent the priest of 
the Christians in Dubios by direction of the king 
to Valerianus, the general in Armenia, in order to 


a reproach the envoys for their tardiness and to urge 


the Romans with all zeal toward peace. And he 


- came with his brother to Armenia, and, meeting 


_ Valerianus, declared that he himself, as a Christian, 
was favourably disposed toward the Romans, and 
that the king Chosroes always followed his advice 
in every matter; so that if the ambassadors would 
come with him to the land of Persia, there would be 
nothing to prevent them from arranging the peace 
as they wished. {Thus then spoke the priest ; but 
the brother of the priest met Valerianus secretly 


and said that Chosroes was in great straits: for 


his son had risen against him in an attempt to set 
up a tyranny, and he himself together with the 
whole Persian army had been taken with the 
plague ; and this was the reason why he wished 


a just now to settle the agreement with the Romans. 


When Valerianus heard this, he straightway dis- 
missed the bishop, promising that the envoys would 
come to Chosroes at no distant time, but he himself 


_ reported the words which he had heard to the 





Emperor Justinian. This led the emperor im- 


475 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


TY HEvOS aur Te kal Maptive kal Tots addows 
dpxovew bt. Taxiota eo BadAeEL els TaD TrONE- 
piav érécterrgev. ed! yap oldev as avTois TOV 

11 ToNepiwv ovdels eurrod@v otyoetar. éxédeve Se 
EvAXNeyévtas és TavTO dtravtas oUTw THY éo Born 
emt Tlepoappevious Toca Gat, TadTa érrel atre- 
vexOévra oi apxovTes TA Ypappara elSov, & QTraVTES 
omod Tots érropuévous” Evvéppeov és Ta ert Appevias 

wpia. 

12 "Hén dé o Xocpons Ondiyp Tporepov TO "Ada s 
Buydvev déeu TO Ex THS vooov aToMT oy és THV 
‘Acovpiay TavTl TO oTpare aTtiov wyeTo, ev0a 
8) ovTe@ évdednunrer TO TOD oud 1 d0os. 
Badepiavos ev odv @codocvovrodews ayxvora 
eoTparomedevaaTo Edv Tots app’ avTov KaTano- 
yous, Kal ob Napojs Evverarrero "Appevious Te 

13 Kal _Epovhov TLWasS Evy avT@ EXOV. Maprivos 
dé 0 THS Ew aTparnyos Ew TE "TAOtyepe Kal 
Ocoxtiate és KiOapifov TO dpovprov apex opevos 
éevravba te mn€aduevos TO oTpaToTredov avTob 
cmewwe’ SueXe dé OcodocrouTrdrews 05 TeTTapov 
nyuLEpa@v TO ppovpuov TovTo’ iva Kal Ilérpos ovK 
els paxpav Evv Te "Aor @ Kab anos Tro 

14 dpxovew mprev. Hryetto O€ TOV TAUTH KATANOYOV 
"loadkns o Napood adehpos. Dedmp0vO be wal 


Bijpos Edy ’EpovaXors Tots ohioty Emropevous és Ta 


él Xopliavnvijs xopia HrAOov, Tod Maprtivov 
15 oT patomésov ov TOAA@ arrobev. "loboros TE O 
Baciréws aveyptos Kal Tlepdvios kal "Iw@avyns o 


Nixyrou traits Evv te Aopvertidr@ cal lwdvvn To 


1 e§ Haury: ov MSS. 
2 érouevors Dindorf : écopévors MSS. 


476 


oe 


atid Si he 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxiv. 1ro-15 


mediately to send word to him and to Martinus and 
the other commanders to invade the enemy’s territory 
as quickly as possible. * For he knew well that no 
one of the enemy would stand in their way. And 
_ he commanded them to gather all in one place and 
so make their invasion into Persarmenia. When 
the commanders received these letters, all of them 
together with their followers began to gather into 
_ the land of Armenia. 

And already Chosroes had abandoned Adarbiganon 
a little before through fear of the plague and was off 
with his whole army into Assyria, where the pesti- 
lence had not as yet become epidemic. Valerianus 


"accordingly encamped close by Theodosiopolis with 





the troops under him; and with him was arrayed 
Narses, who had with him Armenians and some of 
the Eruli. And Martinus, the General of the East,, 
together with Ildiger and Theoctistus, reached the 
fortress of Citharizon, and fixing his camp there, 
remained on the spot. This fortress is separated 
from Theodosiopolis by a journey of four days. There 
too Peter came not long afterwards together with 
Adolius and some other commanders. Now the 
_ troops in this region were commanded by Isaac, 
__ the brother of Narses. And Philemouth and Beros 
with the Eruli who were under them came into 
the territory of Chorzianene, not far from the 
camp of Martinus. And Justus, the emperor's 
nephew, and Peranius and John, the son of Nicetas, 
together with Domentiolus and John, who was 


477 


16 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


fal \ > / > 7 b' nr 
Daya tiv iipestin ig cotpatomedevoavro 7 pee TO 
las lal 
Dicav KE NOULEVe oupl@; Asti XE Te a) ee 
e > 
Mapruporodews opiwy éotiv. ovT@ ev ov 


? 7 e+ , ” \ 
éotpatoTredevoavto of “‘Pwpyaiwy apxovtes Evy 


17 


18 


19 


21 


Tots érromévors, Evyner d€ 0 oTpaTos amas és TpLC- 
/ pa? cA BA > a f 
pupious. odToL dtravtes ote és TavToO Evveheyn- 
cav, ov pay ovTe adAnrOLS es DAOyous HAGOr. 


méumovtTes 5€ Tap adAnAOUS Of GTPATHYOL TOV 


ohiow éropévav tivas trép ths éoBors ervv- 
Gavovto. ave dé Ilétpos, ovdevi Koworoynod- 
Mevos, Ebv Tots apd’ avrov AVETUTKET TOS és Tip 
Todemiav éoéBannev. Srrep nuépa TH eruywvopéevy 
youtes Dirnpovd Te Kal Bijpos, ol TOV ‘EpovA@r 
nyovpevor, evOdS elrovto. émet Te TadTa ot TE 
appt Maprivoy Kab Banepiavov éualov, TH éo Borg 


kara TAXOS EXPOVTO. dmapyres éé ada} ows Oniry 


totepov dvepiyyvvro év Th Tohemig, may ‘Tou- 
atou Te Kal Tov Edy avT@, of 8) paxpav Te amo- 
Ger, & domEp eppnOn, éarparomedevpévor TOU aXoU 
oTparod, Kal xpore o ba Tepov THV exelvov éo Body 
yvovTes,, Kal avrol bev éoéBadnov @S Taxuora és 
THY KAT avTOvS ToAcpmiar, dvapiryvua Baw dé trois 
Evvdpxovow ovdaunh Exxov. oi wévtot addou Evp- 
mavTes emropevovTo evOv AovBws, ovre AneSopevor 
ovre TL aXAO axYape Tpdacovtes és THY Llepoay 
Yopav. 
XXV 


‘Eo re dé 70 AovBvos Xepa TUS TA Te ana dyad) 
Kal dépwv Te Kal USaT@V eveEiav Twa Siaprds € éyou- 
aa, PeodoctovTrdrews 5é 66@ HwepOv OKT@ Si€éxer. 


478 


HISTORY OF THE WARS II. xxiv. 15-xxv. 1 


ealled the Glutton, made camp near the place called 
Phison, which is close by the boundaries of Martyro- 
polis. Thus then were encamped the Roman com- 
_ manders with their troops; and the whole. army 
_ amounted to thirty thousand men. Now all these 
_ troops were neither gathered into one place, nor 
indeed was there any general meeting for con- 
ference. But the generals sent to each other some 
of their followers and began to make enquiries con- 
_- cerning the invasion. Suddenly, however, Peter, 
_ without communicating with anyone, and without 
any careful consideration, invaded the hostile land 
with his troops. And when on the following day 
this was found out by Philemouth and Beros, the 
leaders of the Eruli, they straightway followed. 
And when this in turn came to the knowledge. of 
_ Martinus and Valerianus and their men, they quickly 

_ joined in the invasion. And all of them a little later 
united with each other in the enemy’s territory, 
with the exception of Justus and his men, who, as I — 
_have said, had encamped far away from the rest | 
of the army, and learned later of their invasion ; 
_ then, indeed, they also invaded the territory of the 
| enemy as quickly as possible at the point where they 
_ were, but failed altogether to unite with the other 
_ commanders. As for the others, they proceeded 
in a body straight for Doubios, neither plundering 
nor damaging in any other way the land of the 
Persians. 





XXV 


Now Doubios is a land excellent in every respect, - 
and especially blessed with a healthy climate and 
abundance of good water; and from Theodosiopolis 


479 


10 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


\ , \ > a e / 4 > n \ 

Kal Tedia wey évTad0a immyjraTa éott, KOmar Oe 
’ 

TohMal TodvavOpwroTatoL @KNYTAL ayXOTaT@ 


aAddjrats Kal Toddol Europa. Kat épyaciav év 


4 > an »” \ > n n 
Tavtaw otxodow. éx te yap “lvddv Kal Tov 


Id > , 4 e > las a 
TAncLoxXopav “IBnpwyv TavT@V TE @S EeiTrElY TOV 
> a > a Ne 7, a Va 
év Ilépoas €Ovav cai ‘Popaiwry tiwwdv ta doptia 
écxouslouevoe évtadOa adrrndros EvpBddXover. 
Tov Te TOV Xpiotiavav iepéa KadortKxdv karovor 
Th “EXAjvev dovn, Ste 89 edbéotnwev els” Ov 
oe o 7 , 4 \ » 
dmact Tois tavtn ywpiows. AovBtos dé aoe 
id ” 5 i A / > na 3f > 
dcov eikoct Kal éExatov atadioy év deEia iovte éx 
‘Pwpaiwy ths yas dpos éotlt SvcBRatov te Kab 
dAdws Kpnuvddes, Kal Koun Tis £v Svey@pia 

‘ f > \ ” - \ e 
otevoTaTn Kemévn, “Ayyov dvoya. ov OH 0 
NaBédns, ered) tadyicTa TOY ToNEioV THY 
épodov éyvw, TavtTl TO oTpaTe atroxwpyaas 
xopiouv te icyvi Oaponcas KabeipEer attov. Kab 
) Mev KOpn és TOD Spous Ta foxata KelTal, 


dporprov d& € éxupov TH Kopn TavTH ope@vupov ev 


T@ Kpnpveoder é éoriv. 0 your NaBééns AiBows ev 
xa dpdkas tas él thy Kebpny damoppagas 
elo d0us dvaompocodor é ere maddov elpydoato Tav- 
THV. emimpoode | dé rddpov twa opv—as evTadba 
TO oTpdtevpa éoTnoe, mporoyicas oiKkliaKous 
Twas Taraovs évédpais mefav. &s TeTpAKiC- 
yirious 5é dvdpas arrav Evyyjer to Llepoav orpa- 
TeEvLa. 

Tatra pev ovv émpdaoero Thode. “Pwpaior dé 
apircopevor és x@pov Heepas 686 "Ayyav bué- 
YovTa, TOV Tiva ToAEulwY éTl KaTacKOTH tovTa 


480 


. 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxv. 2-10 


it is removed a journey of eight days. In that region 
there are plains suitable for riding, and many very 
populous villages are situated in very close proximity 
to one another, and numerous merchants conduct 
their business in them. For from India and the 
neighbouring regions of Iberia and from practically — 
all the nations of Persia and some of those under 
Roman sway they bring in merchandise and carry on 
their dealings with each other there. And the priest 
of the Christians is called “ Catholicos” in the Greek 
tongue, because he presides alone over the whole 
région. Now at a distance of about one hundred 
and twenty stades from Doubios on the right as 
one travels from the land of the Romans, there is a 


mountain difficult of ascent and moreover precipitous, 





and _a village crowded into very narrow space by the 
rough country about, Anglon by name. Thither 
Nabedes withdrew with his whole army as soon as 
he learned of the inroad of the enemy, and, confident 
in his strength of position, he shut himself in. Now 
the village lies at the extremity of the mountain, 
and there isa strong fortress bearing the same name as 
this village on the steep mountain side. So Nabedes 
with stones and carts blocked up the entrances into 
the village and thus made it still more difficult of 
access. And in front of it he dug a sort of trench 
and stationed the army there, having filled some 
old cabins with ambuscades of infantrymen.  Alto- 
gether the Persian army amounted to four thousand 
men. 

While these things were being done in this ‘way, 
the Romans reached a place one day’s journey 
distant from Anglon, and capturing one of the 
enemy who was going out as a spy they enquired 


481 
VOL. I. TI 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


NaBovres erruvOavovto brn Tote Tavov 0 NaBédns 

” \ oa > , \ »” > > 

ein. Kal 05 avaxeywpynxévar Tov dvdpa é€& ’Ay- 
an \ a / fol »” A ee 

ll yA@v wavtl T@ Mydav otpate épackev. 6 87 6 
Napojfjs axovoas Seva érroretto, kal tois Evvap- 

12 yovor THv pédrANow dvedifwv édowopetTto. TAUTO 
d¢ Todt Kal ddXot érroiouv, és AAAHNOUS* HApifov- 
TES, Kal TO NoLTrOV payns TE Kal KwWddvoU adpov- 
TioTnoavTes Aniler Oar Ta éxeivn ywpia év covey 

13 €7oLovyTO. apavtes Tolvuy doTpaTHYyNTOL TE Kal 
ataxto.® Kocp@ ovdevi érimpoobev yeoav, ovTE Tt 
éyovtes avuBorov év odicw avtois, nrep év Tots 
ToLovTois ayaow eiOrcrat, ovTE TH StaxEKplwéevot 

14 év ta€ev. Tois yap oKxevoddpos of oTpaTi@Tar 
avapuyvdpevor eTopevovto ws éeml apTrayny éToL- 

4 27 , 4 > ‘ \? 

15 fOTaTHV LOVTES YPNMAT@OV pEeyaXdwV. ETTEL dé Ay- 
yArAav ayxod éyévovto, TéuTovet KaTaTKOTOUS, Ob 
59 avtois éraviovtes amnyyedXov THY TOY TONeE- 

16 piov Tapatakiv. of dé otpatnyol TS ampocdoKn- 

U4 
T® KaTaTAayévtes avactpépew pev Evy oTpaT@ 
\ n > 4 ” 
TocovT@~ TO TAHOos aicxpov te Kal avavdpov 
dAws @ovTo eivat, TaEaVTES SE ws eK THY TapoV- 
Tov eis Ta Tpia TéXN TO OTpaTevpa evOd TOY 
/ > 7 / \ Ss / ‘\ 

17 worepiwy éxw@povv. Ilétpos pév odv Képas TO 

deEvov ceive, Badepravos 5é 76 eda is 8€ Td 

XE, pravos 6€ TO evaevupor, eis S€ TO 
pécov ot audi Maprtivoy érdocovto. yevopevot 5é 
dyxicTd 7H TOV Evavtiov hovyalov, Thy TaEW 

18 civ akoopia pudrdocovtes. aitiov S& hv h TE 
dvcxopia kpnuvodns tbrephuas odca Kal TO €& 

1 GAAhAovs P: GAAovs VG. =? Grantor GP: &xooua V. 
482 


ss ae 


—— 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxv. 1o-18 


where in the world Nabedes was then. And_ he 
asserted that the man had retired from Anglon with 
the whole Median army. And when Narses heard 
this, he was indignant, and he heaped reproaches 
and abuse upon his fellow-commanders for their 
hesitation. And others, too, began to do the very same 
thing, casting insults upon one another; and from 
then on, giving up all thought of battle and danger, 
they were eager to plunder the country thereabout. 
The troops broke camp, accordingly, and without 
the guidance of generals and without observing any 
definite formation, they moved forward in complete 
confusion; for neither had they any countersign 
among themselves, as is customary in such perilous 
_ situations, nor were they arranged in their proper 
divisions. For the soldiers marched forward, mixed 
in with the baggage train, as if going to the ready 
plunder of great wealth. But when they came 
near to Anglon, they sent out spies who returned 
to them announcing the array of the enemy. And 
the generals were thunder-struck by the unexpected- 
ness of it, but they considered it altogether disgrace- 
ful and unmanly to turn back with an army of such 
great size, and so they disposed the army in its three 
divisions, as well as the circumstances permitted, 
-and advanced straight toward the enemy. Now | 
Peter held the right wing and Valerianus the left, / 
while Martinus and his men arrayed themselves in / 
the centre. And when they came close to their 
opponents, they halted, preserving their formation, 
but not without disorder. The cause for this was 
to be found in the difficulty of the ground, which 
was very badly broken up, and in the fact that they 


483 


~ 
~ 
bo 


19 


20 


2 


_ 


23 


26 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


brroyvou Siatayévtas és THY wayny Kabioracbat. 
ért pévrot Kal oi BapBapo odhas adtovs és ddiyov 
Evvayayovtes novxh euevov, TwepieKoTrovpevot 


Tov évavtioy Thy Sivam.ly, TpoELpnuévovy avTots” 


mpos NaBédou yeipav perv os HKioTa apxew, HV 
dé 1 émickipwoty oi TodguLol, KATA TO SuVATOV 
ohiow aptvacbat. 

IIpdtos 56¢ Napofs Evy te tots "Epovdots Kal 
“Pwpaiwr tots éropévors és Yeipas Tots TroEpmtors 
AM ev, @O1c od TE yevoplévov erpéwaro TOUS KAT 
avrov Tépoas. pevryovrés TE Ob BapBapor é$ TO 
ppovprov avéBawwov dpome, évOa 67) adXajdous 
épya avicerra év Th orevoxwpia eipydovro. Kal 
tore Napojs te avros Tois app’ abrov érycehev- 
TAMLEVOS TOAND Ett WAAXOV TOls TrOAEpLoLS EVEKELTO, 
kal ‘Pwpaiwy oi Nourol épyou elyovro. éEeNOovtes 
be éx TOU aipvisiou €k TOV ear TOUS oTEVOT OVS 
oikloKwv ot oroxilovres, domep éppy0n, Tov Te 
*EpotvAwv Twas Krelwovew, amr poo doKnrot émume- 
cOvTEs, cal Napoty KaTa KOppys avrov Tatovat. 
kal avrov ‘Ioadens o ded os Karplay TumevTa 
vmeEnyaye TOV HaXopevor. Os én odiryp orepov 
éTeNeUT HCE, avnp ayabos ev TO Tove TOUT@ 
YEVOMEVOS. Tapayis 5é, as TO eiKes, ev évde TON 
Ais és TOV ‘Papaiwy oTparov € éumerovans, atrav o 
Nafédns éraphxe Tots évaytiow TO Ilepoa@p 
oTpatevya. of d€ BddXovtes €v Tos TTEvwTrOIS 
és Toheptoov mapmonv TAHOos ToNOvS Te GNAOUS 
EVTFET OS ExTewov Kal Svahepovtas "Epothous, jot 
£bv To Napoh ta mpdta Tois évaytiow émimecov- 


484 


ee a a 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxv. 18-26 


were entering battle in a formation arranged on 
the spur of the moment. And up to this time the 
barbarians, who had gathered themselves into a 
small space, were remaining quiet, considering the 
strength of their antagonists, since the order had been 
_ given them by Nabedes not under any circumstances 
to begin the fighting, but if the enemy should assail 
them, to defend themselves with all their might. 
And first Narses with the Eruli and those of the 


- Romans who were under him, engaged with the 


enemy, and after a hard hand-to-hand struggle, he 
routed the Persians who were before him. And 
the barbarians in flight ascended on the run to 
the fortress, and in so doing they inflicted terrible 


_ injury upon one another in the narrow way. -And 
jury upo 


then Narses urged his men forward and_ pressed 
still harder upon the enemy, and the rest of the 


Romans joined in the action. But all of a sudden . 


the men who were in ambush, as has been said,} 
came out from the cabins along the narrow alleys, 
and killed some of the Eruli, falling unexpectedly 
upon them, and they struck Narses himself a blow 
on the temple. And his brother Isaac carried him 
out from among the fighting men, mortally wounded. 
And he died shortly afterwards, having proved him- 
self a brave man in this engagement. Then, as was 
to be expected, great confusion fell upon the Roman 
army, and Nabedes let out the whole Persian force 
upon his opponents. And the Persians, shooting 
into great masses of the enemy in the narrow 
alleys, killed a large number without difficulty, and 
_ particularly of the Eruli who had at the first fallen 

upon the enemy with Narses and were fighting for 


1 Of, section 9 above. 
485 


a 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 
Tes abvraKror ew Tov éml wrelorov €“aXovTo. 
27 ovre yap Kpavos ¢ ovTeE Oopaxa ove ado Te puran- 
typtov *EpovXo & Exovew, bre wy doniba Kat Tpe- 
Boviov adpov, 6 8H Suelo pévor és Tov ayava 
28 kabioravras.! bod Aor pEvToL “Epovior Kal damibos 
xepis és pany ° wpodow, érreroav O€ avdpes é év 
TONE LO ayadol yévovTat, ovT@ 62 aonibas av- 
Tots épiacuy of SeomroTat poBddrea Aan év ais 
EvpBorats, Ta pev TOV "Epovhov TAaUTN ™ yer. 
29 ‘Papaios 8é ovK every KOvTes TOUS ToNEpuLous ava 
patos dmavres Epevyor, ovTe OKHS Henn pevor 
OUTE TLVa aida 7 n ado TL ev vO ayabov é eXOVTES. 
30 Tlépoae dé avrous bromtTevovTes ovK és huynv 
dvatoXvyTov ovTw rerpapOar, ar évédpaus Tol 
és avrous xphoear, axype és Tas dvaxeopias dvo- 
Eavres celta avéo tpepor, ov Tor\pavTes ev TO 
omanret Oryou mMpos ToAAOVS Siapdxer Bar. ‘Po- 
patos pévtot, Kal Svahepovtws of otpatnyol mav- 
TES, SiwEw én opas del ToeicOat Tovs Tohepious 
olopevor epeuryov ert HaOv, ovdéva aviévtes 
KaLpov, Oéovar HEV. Tots, immots ery weAevdpevor 
padoruye Kal Kpavyi, tous 6€ Ow@paxas Kal Ta 
ana Oma perrobyTes atovon Te Kal OopvBe@ és 
32 edados. ov yap dvrirdéao Bau catahapBdvoue ww 
avrous éOdpaouv Ilépoaus, an’ év povors. Tois TOV 
imrmoov Toot Tas THS cw@Tnpias édmridas etxov Kat, 
TO Evpray el7rety, TOLAUTH yéyovev 9 puy? wore 
TOY trary oxedov Te avrois ovdels dteBio, arn’ 
nvika Tov Spopov énavoavTo, Tec ovTes evOvs 
33 SuepOdpnoayv. Kat wd0os TodtTo péya “Pwpaiors 


1 pabioravra G: cabloravro VP. 


2 udxnv VP: rv dyava G. 


3 


_ 


486 


ae 


rupee 


eb ee ae 


| ots 
rs 


i 
* 
¥ 
- 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, IL. xxv. 26-33 


the most part without protection. For the Eruli have} | 
neither helmet nor corselet nor any other protective. 
armour, except a shield and a thick jacket, which 
they gird about them before they enter a struggle. 

And indeed the Erulian slaves go into battle without 
even a shield, and when they prove themselves 
brave men in war, then their masters permit them 
to protect themselves in battle with shields. Such. 
is the custom of the Eruli. 

And the Romans did not withstand the enemy and 
all of them fled as fast as they could, never once 
thinking of resistance and heedless of shame or of 
any other worthy motive. But the Persians, sus- 


_ pecting that they had not turned thus to a shameless 


flight, but that they were making use of some 
ambuscades against them, pursued them as far as the 
rough ground extended and then turned back, not 
daring to fight a decisive battle on level ground, a 
few against many. The Romans, however, and espe- 
cially all the generals, supposing that the enemy 
were continuing the pursuit without pause, kept 
fleeing still faster, wasting not a moment; and they 
were urging on their horses as they ran with whip 
and voice, and throwing their corselets and other 
accoutrements in haste and confusion to the ground. 
For they had not the courage to array themselves 
against the Persians if they overtook them, but they 
placed all hope of safety in their horses’ feet, 
and, in short, the flight became such that scarcely 
any one of their horses survived, but when they 
stopped running, they straightway fell down and 
expired. And this proved a disaster for the Romans 


487 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 





avtov COavov Kal tretiovs ete UO Tots ToNEpiots 
lee 2 ica > lal e / \ c 
34 éyévovto. ét1Aa TE avTaY ot TONE LLOL Kal v7ro- 
Ctryea EXaBov TooavTa TO TAOS, OTTE TAOVTLO- 
tepa Soxely éx tovtTov yevéoOar Tod épyou Ta 
35 Ilepoav mpdypata. ’Adddtos 5€é dia Ppoupiov ev — 
TavTn 6) TH UTaywyn Trapiov év Llepoappevioss 
Ketpevou ALOwm Te THY KEehadjnY Tpos Tov TaV 
/ > , \ > a 4 7 
TAUTH OKHMEVOV TANYELs avTOV dtepOapn, oi TE 
> \ \ > na \ / > , >? ‘\ 
appt tov ‘lovatov cai Ilepavwov és B8arortes és Ta 
éml Tapatvev ywpia Kal ddjya atta Antodpevot — 
evOvs erravirOov. 


olov ovmoTe mpoTepoy yéyove. TONNOL TE Yap 
¢ 


XXVI 


1 Te 8é ériywopéevp ever Xoopons 6 KaBadov 7d 
/ > a \ c / > > \ 
TéTapTov és ynv THY Popaiwy éoéBadnrev, emi THY 
2 Mecorotapiav 76 oTpdtevpa aywv. airy bé 7 
éo Bod TH Xocpoyn TovT@ ov mpos loveTiviavov 
\ ¢ / / / > \ > 2. ID 
Tov ‘Pwpaiwy Bactréa Tretointat, ov nv ovoe em 
” > , > / v4 \ >) -- \ \ 
addov avOpetrav ovdéva, Ore pay emt Tov Geov 
3 évTEp X po teavol oéBovrat povov. émrev6) yap év 
TH T porn epode 'Edécons GTOTUXOV avexopnae, 
TON TLS éryeyove aVT@ TE Kal payors, ate mpos 
Tob Tov Xprotiavay Bed HoonpLEvors, Karnpea. 
4 tv & mapnyopav 6 Xoapdns év Trois Bactretors 
’Eéeronvovs bev avdpatrodiely HrretAnoev ATravTas 
és ta Llepodv 70m, thy _6€ mony pnroBorov | 
5 KataoThncec0a. TavtTl yobv T@ oTpaT@® ayxov 


488 . 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxv. 33-xxvi. 5 


so great as to exceed anything that had ever befallen 
them previously. For great numbers of them 
perished and still more fell into the hands of the 
enemy. And their weapons and draught animals 
which were taken by the enemy amounted to such 
an imposing number that Persia seemed as a result 


of this affair'to have become richer. And Adolius, . 


while passing through a fortified place during this 
retreat—it was situated in Persarmenia—was struck 
on the head by a stone thrown by one of the 
inhabitants of the town, and died there. *‘ As for the 
forces of Justus and Peranius, they invaded the 
eountry about Taraunon, and after gathering some 
little plunder, immediately returned. 


XXVI 


fAnp in the following year, Chosroes, the son of 544.0. 


Cabades, for the fourth time invaded the land of the 
Romans, leading his army towards Mesopotamia. 
Now this invasion was made by this Chosroes not 
against Justinian, the Emperor of the Romans, nor 
indeed against any other man, but only against the 
God whom ‘the Christians reverence,. For when in 
the first invasion he retired, after failing to capture 
Edessa, both he and the Magi, since they had been 
worsted by the God of the Christians, fell into a great 
dejection. Wherefore Chosroes, seeking to allay it, 
uttered a threat inthe palace that he would makeslaves 
of all the inhabitants of Edessa and bring them to the 
land of Persia, and would turn the city into a pasture 
for sheep Accordingly when he had approached the 


1 Of. Book II. xii. 31-34. 
489 


_ 


— 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


"ESécons yevopevos, Oivvov trav oi éropévev 
Tivas éml Tov TAS ToAEwWS TrEpiBoNrov Ereprbev Og 
8) Tov immodpomou KadvrrepOév éotiv, ddrO pev 
ovdev Kaxoupyncovtas, TpoBata 5é dptagop“évous 
dmep of Towéves ToAAa évtadOd mH Tapa TO 
TEXLTUa oTHoavTEs EtUXOV, xYwpiov Te ioxdi 
Gapoodrtes, Ste 8 dvavtes brephvds Fv, Kab 
OUTOTE TOApNTELY TOUS TOAEULOUS OldpeEvOL OVTw 
™ ayxicTa TOU Telyous lévar. of pev ovv Bap- 
Bapot tov mpoB8dtwv ArtovtTo On, oi Sé TroLméeves 
Kaptepotata [auvvopevor| dvex@dvov. Llepoa@v te 
tots Ovvvois érrtBeBonOnxdtwv! torra@v, ayéeXnv 
pep évOévde aderéc bar tiva oi BapBapor toyvoar, 
‘Pwpyaiwy Sé otpatwwtav te Kal TOV amd TOU 
Sypovu éreEeAOovtawv Tois Torepiors, 7 mev pwayn ex 
xerpos yéyovev, 7) 5é ayédkn avdTopatos és ToUs 
Toupevas eTavixev adlis. tTav Té Tis Otv~v@Y Tpd 
TOV Gov paxXomEvos padioTa TayTwY HYw@YDEL 
“Pwpaious. Kat Tus avrov aypotkos &s yovu TO 
SeEcov opevOovy emit) ov Barre, 6 dé Tpnvins 
amo TOU immrou és TO é aos evOds emecev, } a) 
‘Pepaious ere pa ddov éméppaocen. U Te Bax 
Tpar apEapevn erehevTa & péony nuépav, év i] 
EKATEPOL TO mEov exeu old mevor SeAUOnoar. Kal 
“Pwpaior pev evT0s ToD meptBodov éyévovto, ot Sé 
BapBapor amo otadiov Tis— OES érta d1e- 
TKINVIPEVOL éorpatomesevaarro & dmavtes. 

Tore o O Xoapons cite Tua dypwy ovelpou eldev 7} 
Tis aUT@ Evvora yéyovev, ws Sls eyxerpnoas Hv wy 

1 gr:BeBonOnkédtwv VP: émiBeBnxdrov G. 


490 


ee ee Tae Sh barry 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxvi. 5—12 


city of Edessa with his whole army, he sent some of 
the Huns who were following him against that 
portion of the fortifications of the city which is above 
the hippodrome, with the purpose of doing no further 
injury than seizing the flocks which the shepherds 
had stationed there along the wall in great numbers: 
for they were confident in the strength of the place, 
since it was exceedingly steep, and supposed that the 
enemy would never dare to come so very close to the 


_- wall. So the barbarians were already laying hold of 


a a ae el le 


ee a epee aes 6 


the sheep, and the shepherds were trying most 
valiantly to prevent them. And when a great 
number of Persians had come to the assistance of 
the Huns, the barbarians succeeded in detaching 
something of a flock from there, but Roman soldiers 
and some of the populace made a sally upon the 
enemy and the battle became a_ hand-to-hand 
struggle; meanwhile the flock of its own accord 
returned again to the shepherds. Now one of the 


_ Huns who was fighting before the others was making 


more trouble for the Romans than all the rest. And 
some rustic made a good shot and hit him on the 
right knee with a sling, and he immediately fell 
headlong from his horse to the ground, which thing 
heartened the Romans still more. And the battle _ 
which had begun early in the morning ended at 
midday, and both sides withdrew from the engage- 
ment thinking that they had the advantage. So the 
Romans went inside the fortifications, while the 
barbarians pitched their tents and made camp in a 
body about seven stades from the city. 

Then Chosroes either saw some vision or else the 
thought occurred to him that if, after making two 


‘491 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


duvatos ein" Kédeocav é€eneiv, rodAHy oi aioyovnv 
13 Twa wepiBarécOat EvpBycerat. 810 62) moAd@v 
Xpnuatov atrodécbat thy avayépnow ’EKdéec- 
14 onvois éyva. TH yoov éruywopevyn juépa Laddos 
épunvers Tapa TO Telxos Kav epacKe ‘Pwyaious 
Xpiivar Tapa Noopony atadjvar tov Soxipov 
15 tTiwds. ot 5é KaTa Tdyos Téooapas aTroneEdpevor 
16 Tov év chic. adtois éripavav éremav. obs di 
és TO Mydov adixopévors otpatoTedov evtuXav 
yvopun Bacrréws 0 LaBepyavns ameidais Te ToA- 
Rais dedtEduevos averrvvGaveto avToVv omoTEpa 
ohicw aipetorepa tuyxXaver dvTa, TOTEpOV TA es 
17 Thv eipyvnv, 7) TA és TOV TOELOY ayovTA. TOV be 
thy eipnyvnv éréc0a av mpd TeV Kwdtver opo- 
oyowvtav, “ Ovxodv,” én 0 ZaBepyavns, “ wvet- 
Oat tpas TavTnv avayKn XpnudT@Vv TOMY,” 


18 of te mpécBes ehacav*tocaita Sécew boa 


TapécXovTo TpoTEpov, avina THY “AvTixevay 
19 é€eXav én’ adtovs HrAOe. Kal o ZaBepyavns 
avtovs Evy yédkore amené pyar, ep’ @ evdehexe- 
oTAaTa Bouneve dyevor appt TH garnpla obT@ 57) 
20 avéis map avTous NOwow. ony @ TE torepov 
HeTaTepAapEvos avTovs oO Xoapons, émreton Tap 
aurov ixovT0, KaTéreke ev boa TE ™ poTepov Kal 
évtTwa TpoTroy éEnvoparodice ‘Po paiov X@pias 
nmethnoe dé Ta Seuvorepa *"Edeaonvois pos Ilep- 
cov éveo Oar, ei pt) mavTa dior Ta Xpipara 
Soir 6 dca Tod TepiBorov évros exovow oUT@ yap 
povas évOévde amadrayjoecbar Tov oTpaTov 
21 épacke. Tadta of mpécBews axovoavTes @po- 


492 


test 


—— 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxvi. 12-21 


attempts, he should not be able to capture Edessa, 
he would thereby cover himself with much disgrace. 
Accordingly he decided to sell his withdrawal to the 
citizens of Edessa for a great sum of money. On the 
following day, therefore, Paulus the interpreter came 
along by the wall and said that some of the Roman 
notables should be sent to Chosroes. And they with 
all speed chose out four of their illustrious men and 
sent them. When these men reached the Median 
camp, they were met according to the king’s order 
by Zaberganes, who first terrified them with many 
threats and then enquired of them which course was 
the more desirable for them, whether that leading to 


_ peace, or that leading to war. And when the envoys 


agreed that they would choose peace rather than the 
dangers of war, Zaberganes replied: “Therefore it 
is necessary for you to purchase this for a great sum 
of money.’ And the envoys said that they would 
give as much as they had _ provided before, when he 
came against them after capturing Antioch. And 
Zaberganes dismissed them with laughter, telling 
them to deliberate most carefully concerning their 
safety and then to come again to the Persians. And 
a little later Chosroes summoned them, and when 
they came before him, he recounted how many 
Roman towns he had previously enslaved and in 
what manner he had accomplished it; then’ he 
threatened that the inhabitants of Edessa would 


receive more direful treatment at the hands of the 


Persians, unless they should give them all. the 
wealth which they had inside the fortifications; for 
only on this condition, he, said,.would the army 
depart. When the envoys heard this, they agreed 


493 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


oyour wéev Tapa Xoopoov Tv eipnvnv ovncer Oar, 
my ye obiot pi) Ta ddvvata érayyetdere? Tod be 
KivOvvou TO Tépas ovderl THY TavTaY épacay TPO 
22 THs dywvias évdndov eivar. TOAEWOV Yap Tots aUTOY 
Stadépovowy em) Tots opodroyoupévots ov pH OTE 
elvat. TOTE pev ov Eby opy7 0 Xoapons Tovs 
mpéo Bets éxédevev 6 éTt TaytoTa aTaddacces Oa. 
23 ‘Hyépg bé amo Tis mpocedpelas oryddn Abdov 
erravacthioat Xetporroint ov TO THS TowS TEpt- 
Boro Bovdopevos, € émrel Ta Sévipa exTEeov avtois 
PvAAOS TOAAA ex Yopiov éyyts wn dvTwWY Tpd 
Too TetXoUs év tetpayove Evvédnxev, ob on Bédos 
ex Tis TONES éfuxveic bat adtvata hy, yoov Te 
mohwy TiVa aTEXVOS tmepOev tav dévdpov Euv- 
apnodpevos péeya Te XpHpwa ALOwy éréBarrer, ouK 
exovT@V els. oixodopiay émerndetos, GXW’ elk 
TunPévror, € éxeivou povov err pehoupevos, bras &n 
24 0 Rodos 6 bre TaXloTa é& tyros péya € émaipotro. cal 
Evha pakpa TOU Te you Kal TOY AOwv peragy és 
ael éuBardopevos evderpov érovetro Tob epyou, 
25 STrOs pA) dyn ov ryevopevov ao Geves ei. Tlérpos 
d€ 6 0 ‘Papatov oTpaTHYyOs (évradéa yap Evy Map- 
tive Kal Tlepavic eruyxavev av) Tous Tabra 
épyalopuévous avacrérrew €érov Oivywr tar oi 
26 émopeveov Twas ém’ avtovs erreprper. oi Oe TON 
ods éx tod aidvidiov émedOovtes aveidov, Kai 
maVvTOV paduora TOV TUS Sopupoper, "Apyn« 
27 dvopa: Movos yap émTa Kal eixoow exTewe. TOV 
pévtot BapBapov gpuraKny axpiph TO Nowmrov 
TOLOVPLEVOY, | ovKEeTL jemeErévan Twes em’ adrovs 
23 xxov.) érel 5é mpoidvtes évtds BéXous of Teyvirat 
1 frxov VP: vor G. : 


494 


a aya. lhUTL le” OO 


a) ee i | 


oe 


a ee a 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxvi. 21-28 


that they would purchase peace from Chosroes, if 
only he would not prescribe impossible conditions 
for them: but the outcome of a conflict, they said, 
was plainly seen by no one at all before the struggle. 
For there was never a war whose outcome might be 
taken for granted by those who waged it. There- 
upon Chosroes in anger commanded the envoys to be 
gone with all speed. 

On the eighth day of the siege he formed the 


. design of erecting an artificial hill against the 


cireuit wall of the city; accordingly he cut down 
trees in great numbers from the adjacent districts 
and, without removing the leaves, laid them together 
in a square before the wall, at a point which no 


missile from the city could reach; then he heaped 


an immense amount of earth right upon the trees 
and above that threw on a great quantity of stones, 
not such as are suitable for building, but cut at 
random, and only calculated to raise the hill as 
quickly as possible to a great height. And he kept 
laying on long timbers in the midst of the earth and 
the stones, and made them serve to bind the 
structure together, in order that as it became high it 
should not be weak. But Peter, the Roman general 
(for he happened to be there with Martinus and 
Peranius), wishing to check the men who were 
engaged in this work, sent some of the Huns who 
were under his command against them. And they, 
by making a sudden attack, killed a great number ; 
and one of the guardsmen, Argek’ by name, surpassed 
all others, for he alone killed twenty-seven. From 
that time on, however, the barbarians kept a careful 
guard, and there was no further opportunity for 
anyone to go out against them. But when the 


495 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Tod épyou tovTou éyévovTo, Kaptepotata dn 
apuvopevot ard Tod mwepiBorov ‘Papaior Tas Te 
odevdovas én’ avtovs kal Ta TOEa évnpyouv. 810 
29 5% of BapBapor érrevoouy trade. TpoKkahvppata 
éx Tpayclov tpryav, & 6) Kadodcr Kidina, 
mayous Te Kal prjcous SiapKas exovta, apThncav- 
tes ex EtwY paKpaov érittpoabev ael THY dyeoray 
epyatopevor étibevto (oUTw yap TO ToLoUpmevoY T 7H 
30 Aartiver povi éxaovuv ‘Popaior), évtadla yap ov- 
TE muppopor oig Tol ovTE TA GAXa PEAY eEvxveia Oat 
eiyov, GAN avTod éml TOY TpoKahuppaT@V aTro- 
31 Kpovopeva EvwrravtTa éueve. Kal TOTe “Pwpaior és 
déos péya ewremtwKotres Tods mpécBers Tapa 
Xoopony oov Goptpo TORO errepmoy Kal Yré- 
pavov adv avtois, &v ye Tots KaT avTov taTpots 
oywov, ds 6 Kafadny TOV Tepofou . vooobyrd 
TOTE (ATapEVOS KUPLOS KONUaT@Vv pweyarev Wpos 
32 adTodD yéyover. O5 6H, érel mapa Nooponv Evy 
Tois rots éyéveto, érefev wbe, * BaciNéws THY 
giravOporiay ayalod. Yvepis wa mTavrTes €k& Ta- 
33 Aatov vevopiKac ty. OvUKOUD, @ KpaTLOTE Baavhed, 
ovovs cot Kal Maxas epyabouerp Kal modewy 
avépatrodiapovs TaV pev adAXrov lows dvop~aTov 
Tmapéotar! ruxeiv, Td 5é ayad@ eivar Soxeiy od 
34 pytrote éoTat. KaiToL TAaTOV ye HKLoTAa YpHV TH 
"Edeconvav monrer Tapa cov TL EvpRivar prad- 
35 pov.  évtedbev yap éywye Opunuat, Sorrep ce TOV 
é€copévav, ovdev mpoerdas é&Opeyra te. kal TO 
1 napéorat Hoeschel : rapacrdva: V, rapeordva GP. 


496 


— 





— 








HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxvi. 28-35 


artisans engaged in this work, as they moved 


forward, came within range of missiles, then the 
Romans offered a most vigorous resistance from the 
city wall, using both their slings and their bows 
against them. Wherefore the barbarians devised the 
following plan. They provided screens of goat’s hair 
cloth, of the kind which are called Cilician, making 
them of adequate thickness and height, and attached 


them to long pieces of wood which they always set 


before those who were working on the “ agesta”’ ! (for 
thus the Romans used to callin the Latin tongue the 


_ thing which they were making). Behind this neither 


ignited arrows nor any other weapon could reach 
the workmen, but all of them were thrown back 


3 by the screens and stopped there. And then the 


Romans, falling into a great fear, sent the envoys to 
Chosroes in great trepidation, and with them 
Stephanus,:a physician of marked learning among 
those of his time at any rate, who also had once 
cured..Cabades, the son of Perozes, when ill, and 


t had been anade master of gréat wealth by him. He, 


therefore, coming into the presence of Chosroes with 
the others, spoke as follows: “It has been agreed 


_ by all from of old that kindness is the mark of a 
_ good king. Therefore, most mighty King, while 
_ busying thyself with murders and battles and 


the enslavement of cities it will perhaps be possible 


| forthee to win the other names, but thou wilt never 
__ by any means have the reputation of being “ good.” 


And yet least of all cities should Edessa suffer any 
adversity at thy hand. For there was I born, who, 


_ without any foreknowledge of what was coming to 


pass, fostered thee from childhood and counselled 


1 Latin agger, ‘‘ mound.” 


497 
VOL. I. ‘ee 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


matpl T§ 7 EvuBovros yeyoves, ep’ @ oe THS 
apxis Sud8oxyov KATATTHOET AL, col pev THs Ile 
cov Bacrretas aiTLOTATOS yeyoua, 7H Oe Tar pier 
36 TOV TapovTav KaK@V. ot yap dvO porrrou Ta TONKA 
TOV aTUXnpaTov opiow avtots €« tov él mhet- 
37 Tov Tov EvpBnoopévov mpoorpiBovrat. arn’ el 
tis oe Tis TovavTns evepyeotas eloépxerar prin, 
pendev Hpas épydon mepatépe KaKkov, TAVT HY b1- 
dovs pot TH aworSny, €& 5 cot, @ Bacired, TO pH 
Soxety OMOTAT@ elvat EvpBncerat.” Lrépavos 
38 pev TOcavTa elTre. Xocpons dé ov 7 poTepov amran- 
Aaynoer Gar @pohoryer ev évie, et pn Térpov Té 
Kal Tlepaveov ehh mapacoiep ‘Peopator, 6 drt y oi, 
Soddoi ye ovTes } TAT POOL, TeTOAMIKAGLY avrira- 
39 EacGae. ToUTO 6é€ Dy, pn Spay ‘Papaios év ov} 
ear, arra duoiy avTovs emavaryKes érécOat TO 
éTepor, u) TEVTAKOT LA _kevtqvapia Xpurod opior 
Siddvau, 7) Y deEaobar TH TodEL TOY Ot emrurndetov 
Twas, ot Ta YXphywata Stepevynoapevor arravra 
TOV pev xpvoov Te Kal dpryupov, door 8 evtav0a 
EupPBaiver eivat, xoptFovres és avTov REover, 
40 Taha dé Tovs kuplous édoovow éxew. TadTa pev 
0 Xoopons am éppirpev, "Edeocav é&erely Tove 
ovdevt EXTrida Exwv. oi Oé > Tpéo Bers (amavra yap 
ohicw adtvata edokev eivar baa éxeivos amny- 
yerre) Svatropovpevot TE Kat May aoxddovtes 
41 éml TH TOMY éBadiLov. émel Te €vTOS TOU TTeEpE- 
Borov yevopevor Ta wapa Xoopbov amnyyedrdor, 
BopvBou TE Kal Opijveov i modus Epmrhecos éryéveTo. 
42..: 3H pev ovv Tob Adhov KaTacKev? eri TE typos 
Hpeto péya Kal omovdn woAAH érritpoobev 7 nel. 
l ye bytes VGP: yeyovdres H. 


498 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, Il: xxvi. 35-42 


thy father to appoint thee his successor in the king- 
dom, so that to thee I have proved the chief cause of 
the kingship of Persia, but to my fatherland of her 
present woes. For men, as a general thing, bring 
down upon their own heads the most of the mis- 
fortunes which are going to befall them, But if any 
remembrance of such benefaction comes to thy mind, 
_ do us no further injury, and grant me this requital, 
__ by which, O King, thou wilt escape the reputation of 
being most cruel.” Such were the words of Stephanus. 
But Chosroes declared that he would not depart from 
thereuntil the Romans should deliver to him Peter and 
_ Peranius, seeing that, being his hereditary slaves, they 

_had. dared to array themselves against him. And if it 
was not their pleasure to do this, the Romans must 
choose one of two alternatives, either to give the 
Persians five hundred centenaria of gold, or to receive 
_ into the city some of his associates who would search 


_ out all the money, both gold and. silver, as much as 


was there, and bring it to him, allowing everything 
else to remain in the possession of the present 
_ owners. Such then were the words which Chosroes 
_ hurled forth, being in hopes of capturing Edessa 
| with no trouble. And the ambassadors (since all the 


ks conditions which he had announced to them seemed 


impossible), in despair and great vexation, proceeded 
to the city. And when they had come inside the 


_ city-wall, they reported the message from Chosroes, 





and the whole city was filled with tumult and 
lamentation. 

Now the artificial hill was rising to a great height 
and was being pushed forward with much haste. 


499 


a 
ea 
bo 


43 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


‘Peopaior 5é od« éxovtes 6 Te Kal Spdcover,} ma duy 
TovS mpéa Bers Tape Xooponv dméaTedov. | olarep 
erretd7) € év TO TOV Tronepuborv otpaton ede é éyévovTo, 
mept Te Tov avTdv denropevor EpacKoy Key, 
Aéyou pev ove’ omw@atiouv mpos Lepady é eruxov, 
Sper dé kal GoptBe TOANO ev évd_  €FeAavvopevor 
és Thy mokw eX @pour. Ta bev obv Tpara ‘Po- 
patoe TO Kara Tov Aodov TetXos évépa L évexetpouv 
oixodopig Tw bTepBarécbar’ ws dé kal TavTHS TO 


‘ Tlepoa@v Epyov rorA@ xabvurréptepov éyivero Hon, 


45 


46 


THS pev oixodopias améotnoav, Maprivov 
melOover Ta aphl TH EvpBacer TpoTr@ én) rw 
Bovdorro diorxnoacOat. Kal 0 os ayxvora TOD TOV 
ToNEpiov oTpatomésou ryevopevos Tov Tow év 
Tlépcars apxyovtwv és Adyous HAOev. of O& TOV 
Maprivov éEaTraT@vres eipnvaia bev opay TOV 
Bactréa Bovr<€o bat épacay, avuTov be @S HKLOTA 
olov Te elvat Tov ‘Popaiov avToKpatopa metOew 
TAS T pos Xoo pony prroverkias abéuevov tiv 
elpnyny moTé mpos avTov Onoer Oar émel Kal 
Bedcdptov, dvrrep TH Te Suvaper Kal TO akiopare 
Ton Maptivov mpovxew ovd av avTos avTetmol, 
melo at pev eEvaryXos TOV Tepody Baciréa, bvTa 
5 ov év perors ‘Pepaiors, évOévde aTanXdo- 
cecbar € és Ta Tepoay 710m, t Uroaxopevov mpéo Bevs 
Te Tap avrov ovK eis paxpav éx Bufavriov 
apikecOar cai Thy eipyynv év 76 BeBaiw xpariva- 
cOar, mpa—ar 88 Tdv w@poroynuévov ovdé, 
adtvatov yeyovota tHv “lovatinavod Bactihéws 
Biacacbar youn. 
1 Spdcovo: VGP: Spacwow H. 


500 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxvi. 42-46 


And the Romans, being at a loss what to do, again 
sent off the envoys to Chosroes. And when they 
had arrived in the enemy’s camp, and said that they 
had come to make entreaty concerning the same 
things, they did not even gain a hearing of any kind 
from the Persians, but they were insulted and driven 
out from there with a great tumult, and so returned 
| tothe city. At first, then, the Romans tried to over- 
_- top the wall opposite the hill by means of another 
_ structure. But since the Persian work was already 
rising far above even this, they stopped their 
building and persuaded Martinus to make the ar- 
rangements for a settlement in whatever way he 
wished. He then came up close to the enemy’s 
camp and began to converse with some of the 
Persian commanders, But they, completely deceiv- 
ing Martinus, said that their king was desirous of 
peace, but that he was utterly unable to persuade 
the Roman Emperor to have done with his strife 
with Chosroes and to establish peace with him at 
last. And they mentioned as evidence of this the 
- fact that Belisarius, who in power and dignity was 
_ far superior to Martinus, as even he himself would 
_ not deny, had recently persuaded the king of the 
_ Persians, when he was in the midst of Roman terri- 
_ tory, to withdraw from there into Persia, promising 
that envoys from Byzantium would come to him at 


no distant time and establish peace securely, but 





that he had done none of the things agreed upon, 
since he had found himself unable to overcome the 
_ determination of the Emperor Justinian. 


501 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


hee? XXVII 


"Ev rodr@ 8é ‘Popaior érotovy tordde. dva- 
puya éx Tis modews EvepOev THY Todeutwv TOD 
XOwaTos épyacdpevor éxédevov Tos dpvacovTas 
pn peOiecOar tod epyou tovtov, &ws wvrd Tov 
Aohov yévavtat pécov. Tav’Tn yap Kadoat TO 
Yo"a Todto SivevoodvtTo. mpoiovons Se Tis 
Siopuyos KaTa Tov Addov pddoTa péeocov 
matayos Tis és Tov Llepoay Tods brepOev EcToTas 
HrVev. aicOopevol te ToD motovpévov Kal adtol 
dvobev apEdpevor eb’ Exdrepa TOD wécov wpYacor, 
dtrws AdBovey Tors exeivn KaKxoupyodvtas “Pow- 
patous. 6 8%) ryvovrTes ~Popator ToUTOU Ee 
amréaXovTo, xobv emt Tov Kkevobévta Xa@pov.” 
eriBadovres, éx 5 akpou Xeparos ndrobev, 8 
mpos TO Teiyer eTUyxXaveV bv, Gdha Te Kal ALBous 
Kat xobv exhopraavres Kabdrep oixicKov oxipa 
eipydoavto, mpéuva te Sévdpav tay padoTta 
Katopevav Enpa évtav0a écéBadXovr, éhatp TE 
xataBeBpeypéva TO €x Kédpou memounweve Kal 
Geip Te Kal dogadry TON}. Kal ot wey TAUTA 
év TapacKevy elxou, oi Oe Tlepody dpxovres 
ToNaKis evTuxovTes Maprive TOLAUTA pev old 
mép poe eipnTa SiehEXOnoav, Soxnaow mapexo- 
pevor @s Tos appt Th eipyvy evdeEovrat Noyous. 
émet 5€ 0 Aopos avtois éretéXeoto %5n, Kab 
TrnsLdlov pev TO TEpLBOAW THs ToAEwS, Ter Se 

1 ydpov VP: rémovG. 
502 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxvii. 1-6 


XXVII 


In the meantime the Romans were busying them- 
selves as follows: They made a tunnel from the city 
underneath the enemy’s embankment, commanding 
the diggers not to leave this work until they should 
get under the middle of the hill. By this means 
they were planning to burn the embankment. But 
as the tunnel advanced to about the middle of the 
hill, a sound of blows, as it were, came to the ears ot 
those Persians who were standing above. And per- 
ceiving what was being done, they too began from 
_ above and dug on both sides of the middle, so that 

_ they might catch the Romans who were doing the 
damage there. But the Romans found it out and 
abandoned this attempt, throwing earth into the 
place which had been hollowed out, and then began 
to work on the lower part of the embankment at the 
end which was next to the wall, and by taking out 
timbers and stones and earth they made an open 
space just like a chamber; then they threw in there 
dry trunks of trees of the kind which burn most 
easily, and saturated them with oil of cédar and added 
quantities of sulphur and bitumen. So, then, they 
were keeping these things in readiness; and mean- 
while the Persian commanders in frequent meetings 
with Martinus were carrying on conversations with 
him in the same strain as the one I have mentioned, 
making it appear that they would receive proposals 
in regard to peace. But when at last their hill had 
been completed, and had been raised to a great ele- 
vation, approaching the circuit-wall of the city and 


593 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


avToV TOAA® wUepaipwy éml péya éemHpTo, 
Maprivoy peev arreTreunrayTo Suappndny amTrel- 
aévres THY EvpBacw, épyou 8é &yeo Oar Td ovrrov 
&wedXov. 

7 Ad 8) ‘Pwopaio rdv dévdpwv Ta mpéuva evOds 
éxavoav dmep és TOUTO HToLwacTo. Tov dé muUpOS 
poipay pev TOU YoOuaTos TWA KavoaYTOS, OUTe 
dé dua Travtos é&ixvetoOar iaxdcavtos, Ta EvKNa 
debatravicOar wavra Ervxev. ael yap éoéBadov 
és thy Sivdpvxa Evra erepay, ovdéva dvievres 

8 KaLpOV. 76n dé Tod mupds amav évepyobvTos TO 
xopa, KATVOS TUS bmepOev TavTaxh Tod Aogpou 
épaiveTo VUKTOP, ‘Popatoi TE OUT@ é€dovtes 
alcOnow Tod Tovovpévouv Tlépcaus Tapéxew 

9 émevoouv TAOe. avO pakav Te Kab mupos aryryeta 
pKa eum dno dpevot, TavTd Te Kab muppopous. 
ola tous Tob Yoparos TAVTAX OTE ouxva émepmov" 

a &n oi Ilépoat, 6 boot pudaciy evtavda elon, Eby 
maon omroven TepuLovTes éa Bévvvov Kal amv’ avrTod 

10 precOau TOV Kamrvov @OVTO. 7 poiovTos be TOD 
KaKoD jwAHOEr perv TONS éBonfovyv oi Bap- 
Bapot, Bddrovtes b€ adtods amd Tod Tept- 

11 Bodrov “Pwpatos trodrods Extervav. od 8) Kal 
Xoopons appt jALov avaronas mre, Kab ot TO 
TA€iaTOV TOU oTpaTOU elmrero, és Te Tov Addov 
avaBas TpPOTOS éaBe Tov Kakov ais Onoww. 

12 evep9ey yap amedpivaro Tob Kamvod TO alTvov 
elvat, ovK ad’ @v éannovtitov ot Tone Lol, BonOeiv 

13 Te KATA TAYOS éxédeve TO oTparevpa drov. Kal 
‘Popaior Gapaodvtes és avTous Bpibov, TOV 6é 
BapBdapav ot pév tives xodr, oi S€ Kal Vdwp émt- 


504 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxvii. 6-13 


rising far above it in height, then they sent Martinus 
away, definitely refusing to arrange the treaty, and 
they intended from then on to devote themselves to 
active warfare. . 

Accordingly the Romans straightway set fire to the 
tree-trunks which had been prepared for this pur- 
pose. . But when the fire had burned only a certain 
portion of the embankment, and had not yet been 
able to penetrate through the whole mass, the wood 
was already entirely exhausted. But they kept 
throwing fresh wood into the pit, not slackening 
their efforts for a moment... And when the fire was 
already active throughout the whole embankment, 
some smoke appeared at night rising from every 


5 part of the hill, and the Romans, who were not yet 


willing to let the Persians know what was being 
done, resorted to the following device: They filled 
small pots with coals and fire and threw these and 
also ignited arrows in great numbers to all parts of 
the embankment. And the Persians who were 
keeping yuard there, began to go about in great 
haste and. extinguish these, and they supposed that 


_ the smoke arose from them. But since the trouble 


increased, the barbarians rushed up to help in great 
numbers, and the Romans, shooting them from the 


af wall, killed many. And Chosroes too came there 





about sunrise, followed by the greater part of the 
_ army, and, upon mounting the hill, he first perceived 
_ what the trouble was. For he disclosed the fact 
that the cause of the smoke was. underneath, not in 
the missiles which the enemy were hurling, and he 
ordered the whole army to come to the rescue with 
all speed. And the Romans, taking courage, began 
| to insult them, while the barbarians were at work, 


595 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


19 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


-- 5 
BdXrovtes 4 6 Kamvos Svehaivero, tepiecerOar 
n 8 a Ry 1 , de 1) n 
Tov dewvod HrATLoV, avvey 1 pévToL ovdev ovdaph 
elyov. 4 Te yap 0 Yods ériBANOein, TAUTH [eV O 
, ec \ > / > t Tele ee 
KATVOS, WS TO EiKOS, averTEAXETO, ETEpOOL SE OK 
els paxpay avedidoto, av’Tov Tod mupos Kal 
Braker Oat thy GEodov brn Stvarto avayKafovros 
TO Te Vdwp 7 pddioTa erLoKH ele, TOAN@ ETL 
a / ” \ \ a b] al 
faXXNov THY TE AopharTtov Kal Td Oeiov evepyetv 
loxvev emi te THY ev Tool UAnv axpudbev érrotet, 
kal TO TUp él Ta Tpdacw del éviryev, ere TOD 
YOmwatos evtos ovdauh Tocodtov éEixvetoOat Tov 
bdarTos elyev Ocov TH HrrepBddXort. Katac Pécar* 
Thy proya olov TE elvat. o Sé KamrVvds aul Seihnv 
dviav TocovTos éyiveTo woTe Kal Tois Kappyvois 
\ ” \ n > , > / 
Kal aAddOiG TLOL TOAAM ETeKELVa MKHNPEVOLS 
évdnros eivat. Lepodv 88 xal ‘Popaiwv rorAr@v 
bmepOev avaBeBnkitwv tod youaTtos, pwayns TE 
a n , c 
Kal @Otcpod évtad0a Evordytos, évixwv Po- 
paior, TOTE Kal prot AapTpas. exdobetoa 
brrép TO YOpua édaiveto, épcas 5é Tod pév Epyou 
TOUTOU amérXOvTO. 
7 
Eery be amd taitns tuépa, spOpov Babéos, 
poipag Tw TOU meptBorov AdBpa éméonnrav 
KMpaKas: exovres, ov 8H TO ppovprov err@vopa- 
ora. TeV dé durakny évradda exovT@v ‘Po- 
paiov mpGov Twa. xabevdovrov imrvov, are Ths 
VUKTOS pos mépas iovens, Novy Tas KMpaKas 


207@ telyer épeicavtes avéBawwov dn. Tadv bé 


1 dvtew Maltretus: advice MSS. 
2 xaracBéou Haury: xaracraoa V, xararadoo: Dindorf. 


506 


—= -”—i“( dll 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxvii. 13-20 


some throwing on earth, and others water, where the 
smoke appeared, hoping thus to get the better of the 
trouble ; however, they were absolutely unable to 
accomplish. anything. For where the earth was 
thrown on, the smoke, as was natural, was checked 
at that place, but not long afterwards it rose from 
another place, since the fire compelled it to force 
its way out wherever it could. And where the 
water fell most plentifully it only succeeded in 
making the bitumen and the sulphur much more 
active, and caused them to exert their full force 
upon the wood near by ; and it constantly drove the 
fire forward, since the water could not penetrate 
inside the embankment in a quantity at all sufficient 
to extinguish the flame by its abundance. And in 
the late afternoon the smoke became so great in 
volume that“ it was visible to the inhabitants of 
Carrhae and to some others who dwelt far beyond 
them. And since a great number of Persians and of 
Romans had gone up on top of the embankment, a 
fight took place and a hand-to-hand struggle to drive 
each other off, and the Romans were victorious. Then 
even the flames rose and appeared clearly above 
the embankment, and the Persians, abandoned this 
undertaking. 

On the sixth day after this, at early dawn, they 
made an assault secretly upon a certain part of the 
circuit-wall with ladders, at the point which is called 
the Fort. And since the Romans who were keeping 
guard there were sleeping a quiet, peaceful sleep, as 
the night was drawing to its close, they silently set 
the ladders against the wall and were already 
ascending. But one of the rustics alone among the 


5°7 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


TLS aypoixwv wovos éypynyopas év Pwpaiors drraciw 
eTUxeD, ds 62 Edy Bop Te Kal BoptBe TOANO 
21 dmavtas Hryevpe. Kal waxes Kaptepas ryevonevns 
hoodytat Tlépoau, & és Te TO oTpatomedoy & avex@pn- 
cay, avTov MuTOVTEs Tas KAipaKas, doTEep KAT 
22 éEovciav ‘Pwpaios avetdxov. Xocpons 5é apdl 
Huépay péonv ToAAnY Tiva TOU oTpaTod pmotpay 
érl tiv peyaddnyv Kadoupévnv TUAHY @S TELKO- 
23 paynoovtas éreurpev. ols 52 “Papaior brravtia- 
TavTEes OU TTPATLATAL pOVOV, AAAA Kal aypoiKoL 
Kal Tod Sijpou Tues Kal waxy veKenocavres Tapa 
24 TOAV TOUS BapBdpous erpéaro. éTL TE Tepody 
Si@Kopevo, Iladros € Epymvevs Tapa Xoapoov hrov 
és Héoous ‘Papatous amnyyehne “Pexwvd prov én 
Th eipnvn ex Bufavtiouv hrevv, obT@ TE app orepor 
25 Stevnaar. nn dé Tict TpoTEpov Hwépais oO 
‘Pexevdpvos és TO TOV _BapBdpev orpatomedov 
26 apixro. GXXa TovTO és “‘Pwpaious @S Herta 
eEnveyxav Ilépoat, Kkapadoxobyres Sm overt THY 
és TO TEeLyos érBoudiy, 6 bras, Hv pev avTO efereiv 
dvvvTat, pndauh és Tas omroveds Tapavopely 
Sofwoww, HaonOértes Sé, OTep eyéveTo, TA és THY 
EvuBacw, ‘Popaiwy mpoxadovupévav Tpos auras, 
27 Ojcovrat. émrel dé “Pexevdpros éryevero elo @ TUAOY, 
Tlépcar yey nEtovp TOvs THY elpyyny Sioweno ope- 
vous Tapa Xocponv avtixa &y para iévat, Pw- 
paior dé orarnoecOar _mpéa Beus Huépass Tpiolw 
toTepov épacay' Ttaviv yap opion KAK@S TOU 
o@patos Maprivov Tov oTparnyov exerv. 
28. Kivai Te bmoromatov ovxX vyla Tov ROyor 
Noakes Ta és THY Tapadtakw éEnptveTto. Kal 


508 


ailie 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxvii. 20-28 


Romans happened to be awake, and he with a shout 
and a great noise began to rouse them all. Anda 
hard struggle ensued in which the Persians were 
worsted, and they retired to their camp, leaving the 
ladders where they were; these the Romans drew 
up at their leisure. But Chosroes about midday sent 
a large part of the army against the so-called Great 
Gate in order to storm the wall. And the Romans 
went out and confronted them, not only soldiers, but 
even rustics and some of the populace, and they 
conquered the barbarians in battle decisively and 
turned them to flight. And while the Persians were 
still being pursued, Paulus, the interpreter, came 
from Chosroes, and going into the midst of the 


_. Romans, he reported that Rhecinarius had come 


from Byzantium to arrange the peace; and thus the 
two armies separated. Now it was already some 
days since Rhecinarius had arrived at the camp of 
the barbarians. But the Persians had by no means 
disclosed this fact to the Romans, plainly: awaiting 
the outcome of the attempts upon the wall which 
they had planned, in order that, if they should be 
able to capture it, they might seem in no way to 
be violating the treaty, while if defeated, as actually 
happened, they might draw up the treaty at the 
invitation of the Romans. And when Rhecinarius 
had gone inside the gates, the Persians demanded that 
those who were to arrange the peace should come to 
Chosroes without any delay, but the Romans said 
that envoys would be sent three days later; for 
that just at the moment their general, Martinus, was 
unwell. 

And Chosroes, suspecting that the reason was not 
a sound-one, prepared for battle. And at that time 


5°9 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


TOTE pev TAiVOwY TapTOND TL YPHua él TOKOpye 
éwéBare, dvoiv' && botepoy apépaw ravtt TO 
oTpaT@ @s TELXOMAXNT WY él Tov THs Toews 
29 mepiBorov iprev. év Te TUM éxdory- -TOV TWAS 
dpxovT@v Kal pépos Te TOU OTPATEVHATOS KaTa- 
oTHTAMEVOS ATay TE TO TELXOS TAUTH TEptBar@v 
30 KAipakds Te AUTO Kal unxXavas Tpochyev. Ort- 
abev 5é Tovs Lapaxnvors aravtas Edv tov Tep- 
cay ticw érakev, ok éf & TO TeEpLBOr® 

m poo Badwow, GQArn bres ddoxopevns THS 
_TOE@S avTol Tovs pevyovras caynvedoayres 
31 AdBact. Tora’Tn pev yvouNn TO oTpadTEvpa O 
Xocpons ovTw diétake. ths 5é paxns mpai 
apEapévns Kat apyas pév ta Tlepo av KabuTrép- 
32 Tepa Hv. ToNXol yap Tpos ALav dAlryous éuadyovTO, 
érel tov ‘Pwpaiwy of wreloToL avynKooL Te TOV 
Toloupévoy Kal atapaoKevol TavTadTacw Hoay. 
33 mpoiovans dé TiS, EvpBorijs GopvBav Te Kal 
TApaXTs EuTrACwS 1) mos éyiveto, Kab Evprravres 
Hon avtTats yuvaréi wal madapiors émt TO TeiXos 
34 avéBatvor. ol pev ovv ev pri Ebv Tots oTparue- 
TALS KapTep@rara Tovs oneptovs HpvVOVTO, Kab 
TOV dypoucev moAnol és TOvS BapBdpous épya 
35 Cavpacra émedeKvUrTo. matdes Sé Kal yuvatkes 
Evy Tots yeynpaxoce AiBous Te Tots Haxopevors 
36 EuvérXeyov kal Tarra drovpyour. tives dé wal 
A€BnTas éNaiou Todous eT Ano apevot mupt TE 
avTous mavTaxh Tob TetXous és Suapxh Ocpunvar- 
Tes xpovov Kal féov brepdyav TO EXaLov TrEpip- 

1 Svoivy Maltretus : dveiv MSS. 


510 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxvii. 28-36 


he only threw a great mass of bricks upon the 
embankment ; but two days later he came against 
the fortifications of the eity with the whole army to 
storm the wall. And at every gate he stationed some 
of the commanders and a part of the army, encircling 
the whole wall in this way, and he brought up 
ladders and war-engines against it. And in the rear 
he placed all the Saracens with some of the Persians, 


_ not in order to assault the wall, but in order that, 


Oe 


when the city was captured, they might gather in 
the fugitives and catch them as in a drag-net. Such, 
then, was the purpose of Chosroes in arranging the 
army in this way. And the fighting began early in 


_ the morning, and at first the Persians had the advan- 


tage. For they were in great numbers and fighting 
against avery small force, since the most of the Romans 
had not heard what was going on and were utterly 
unprepared. But as the conflict advanced the city 
became full of confusion and tumult, and the whole 
population, even women and little children, were 
going up on to the wall. Now those-who were of 
military age together with the soldiers were repell- 
ing the enemy most vigorously, and many of the 
rustics made a remarkable show of valorous deeds 
against the barbarians. Meanwhile the women and 
children, and the aged also, were gathering stones 
for the fighters and assisting them in other ways. 
Some also filled numerous basins with olive-oil, and 
after heating them over fire a sufficient time every- 
where alone the wall, they sprinkled the oil, while 
boiling fiercely, upon the enemy who were assailing 


Sit 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


pavraptors. Tioly émexéovres ere paddov Tovs ToNe- 
futovs } TOUS TO mepiBorw T poo tovras €XUTrOUD. 
37 70 fev ovv atreimovtes of Ilépoar ta Orda 
épptrrovr, T® TE Baoinrel és dvb éXOdvtes T™pos 
TOV TOvoV dvréyew OvUKETL epacKov olot Te elvat. 
38 dune éé TOAND 0 Xoopons Ex opevos Kal boy 
ameihf, éryKeNEVO[EVOS aracw émi Tovs Trohepious 
39 evipyev. ot be Kpavy? Kal OopvBo TOAND TOUS TE 
Tropyous Kal Tas dAXas pynyavas TO TeLXel Tpoo- 
hryov kab tas KripaKxas éreriOevto, @s Thy TOAD 
40 avroBoel eEarpyjcovres. Tov 6é ‘Pepaiov ouxya 
TE Badrovrey cal mavrt obéver GULVOLEVOD, Tpé- 
WOVTAL Lev KATA Kpdros ol i BapBapor, a avaxwpodvra 
be tov Xoapony éroOatov “Pwpaitor, és TeLXoMa- 
41 xtav mapaxanobyres. pOvos dé "AlapeOns appt 
mUAaS Tas Zolvas Kadovpevas Eby Tots émropevors 
EMaXETO, OU 7) Tperrupytav Kkahodat TOV X@pov. 
42. Tov dé TavTy ‘Popateov ovK dvT@Y opiow agto- 
paXon, GNA Kal T pos. Tas Tpoc Bodas a amevmovT@v, 
On TO €xTOs TEelXos, 6 81 Kadodot T poretxia pa, 
TOAAXA dveXovTes ot BapBapot io t vpoTata TOUS 
ex Tov peyddou TeptBoXou yale VOLS €VéKELVTO, 
Ews avtois Ilepdvos Evy Te oTpaTi@Tats TOAOIS 
kat tov “Eseoonvav trot éretn Oe Bax TE 
43 vuKnoas efjdace. Kal 4) TeLryouaxia mpol apga- 
pévn éreheuTa els Set Aqy oviav, audorepol Te THY 
vinta exeivny naovyh euevov, Ilépoar pev mept ‘TE 
Tois Xapakopact dedsdtes Kal opiow avtots, 
‘Pepator 5é AiBous TE Evdréyovtes és Tas émdh- 
Eeis kal TANG ev TapacKeh TH Tao TOLOvpEvol, 


1 &r, wadAdov rovs modcutovs Haury: ém) rods modAeulous 
pardov MSS. 


512 








alittle a ee i iid. 
, 








’ 
1 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, IT. xxvii. 36-43 


the wall, using a sort of whisk for the purpose, and 
in this way harassed them still more. The Persians, 
therefore, soon gave up and began to throw down 
their arms, and coming before the king, said that 
they were no longer able to hold out in the struggle. 
But Chosroes, in a passion of anger, drove them all 
on with threats and urged them forward against the 
enemy. And the soldiers with much shouting and 
tumult brought up the towers and the other engines 
of war to the wall and set the ladders against it, in 
order to capture the city with one grand rush. But 
since the Romans were hurling great numbers of 
missiles and exerting all their strength to drive them 
off, the barbarians were turned back by force ; and as 


- Chosroes withdrew, the Romans taunted him, inviting 


him to come and storm the wall. Only Azarethes 
at the so-called Soinian Gate was still fighting with 
his men, at the place which they call Tripurgia.! 
And since the Romans at this point were not a 
match for them, but were giving way before their 
assaults,-already the outer wall, which they call an 
outwork, had been torn down by the barbarians in 
many places, and they were pressing most vigorously 
upon those who were defending themselves from the 
great circuit-wall; but at last Peranius with a large 


number of soldiers and some of the citizens went 


out against them and defeated them in battle and 
drove them off. And the assault which had begun 
early in the morning ended in the late afternoon, 
and both sides remained quiet that night, the 


Persians fearing for their defences and for them- 


selves, and the Romans gathering stones and taking 
them to the parapets and putting everything else in 


1 <<Three Towers.” 


. 513 
VOL, I. - LL 


~ 
Co 


L 
fon) 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA ) | -) | 


ws TH boTepaia payovpevor Tots Tonepiols ert ‘rd 
Telos mpoo Barobaw.” Hepa pev ovv TH emiyt- 
vopévn T@V BapBdpov oveels emt Tov rrepiBo 
HrOe, TH Sé pet’ exeivnv poipa pev to oTpaTod 
Xoo poov éyxedevopévov tais Bapdaod xadou- 
pévas mds éméokn ev, tTavTiacavTov é 
“Peopaiov avtois nooHOnody Te Tapa Tov 7H 
payn Kat Oe odiyou és TO orparéredoy a dvexa@pn- 
cav. Kal tote llaindos o Tlepoay é Eopnveds mapa 
TO Telxos Hxov Maprtivoy éxare, ep @ TA €s THY 
EtuBacww Svovxnontar. ott te Maprivov tots 
Ilepaav apyovow és NOyous €OovTos. EvvéBnoar, 
Kal wévte Kevtnvapia mpos tov “Eéeconvav 6 
Xoo pons AaBov év Ypappaccw avTois Ty O“oXO- 
ylav arédTre TOD D wn dev Popaiors mrepartépa Avpr- 
vacGau, Ta TE Xaparopara Tara éumpyoas eT 
olxov avexopnce TayTl TO oTpPATO. 


XXVIII 


‘Tro Tov xpovev TOUTOV ‘Papatwv TeTeeuTi- 
Kact oTparnyol dv0o, ‘lodaros Te.O Baciréws, ave- 
arios Kal Tepaveos o “IBnp, ‘lodatos Hey voow 
duapOapeis, Ilepavieo 5é cuvéBn ev Kuvyyerio Tob 
iarmou éxTreT@T@KOTL® Suappayhvat. did 61) dvr’ av- 
tav Bacireds érépous Kata TNs dbevos emeprpe 
Mdpxedrov Te, Tov adeNdidobv TOV avToo aptt 
yevetdoxovta, Kal Kevoeraytiavor, os 8 pe 

L én V: ty én G. 2 apooBdrwow G. 
3 écremrwxdtt Maltretus : ér:merrwxdts MSS. 


514 





—— 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxvii. 43—xxviii. 2 


complete readiness, so as to fight against the enemy 
on the morrow when. they should attack the wall. 
Now on the succeeding day not one of the barbar- 
ians came against the fortifications ; but on the day 
after that a portion of the army, urged on by Chos- 
roes, made an assault upon the so-called Gate of 
Barlaus ; but the Romans sallied forth and confronted 
them, and the Persians were decidedly beaten in the 
engagement, and after a short time retired to the 


- camp. And then Paulus, the interpreter of the 
Persians, came along by the wall and called for 


Martinus, in order that he might make the arrange- 
ments for the truce. Thus Martinus came to 
conference with the commanders of the Persians, and 


_ they coneluded an agreement, by which Chosroes 


received five centenaria from the inhabitants of 
Edessa, and left. them, in writing, the promise not 
to inflict any further injury upon the Romans ; then, 
after setting fire to all his defences, he returned 
homeward with his whole army. 


XXVIII 


Ar about this time two generals of the Romans 
died, Justus, the nephew of the emperor, and Pe- 
ranius, the Iberian, of whom the former succumbed 
to disease, while Peranius fell from his horse in 
hunting and suifered a fatal rupture. The emperor 
therefore appointed others in their places, dispatching 
Marcellus, his own nephew who was just arriving at 
the age of manhood, and Constantianus, who a little 


515 


= 
= 
bo 


oO 


ie 2) 


10 


1 


— 


12 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA — il 


Tm porepov apa Lepyi@ mapa Xoo pony mpeo Bevo 
éoTann. émevta dé ‘lovariaves Bacireds mpéo- 
Bets mapa Xoo pony érl Th EvpBacer Kovotap- 
Tiavov Te Kal Lépyiov emeprper. of dé adrov 
KaTarapSavovow ev ‘Acoupios, ov 8) modiopata 
dvo Zehevuerd TE Kal Krnoipav é €oTL, MaxeSévan 
avTa Seuapévov of peta TOV Didinmov *AnE- 
Eavdpoy Tepoay Te hpkay Kal TOV TAUTH eOvdn. 
apo dé TavTa Téypys TOTAMOS Svopiker: ov yap 
anv Xopay peau € éxoueww. evradea é évTUXov- 
tes XNoopon ol T pea Bers néiovy pey Ta ml THS 
Aatieis xo pia “Popaiors arrodobvat, BeBaérata 
dé mpos avtovs Ta audi TH eipivy kparivacbar. 
Xoo pons dé ov padtov avrous epac Ker eivat 
adrdmdovs Ev Piva, %) iv pr) Twa éxexerplay Oéwevot 
TPOTEpov obre Te adeéotepoy ael és addajrous 
povravres Ta TE diahopa diadvoover Kal Ta’ Tis 
elpnvns ev 7 aopaned TO our ov Ojrovras. mh 
vat dé bmép Ths ael exexerplas Xprjward TE Ob 
TOV “Popatov avtoxparopa dodvat Kat Twa Tpe- 
Bodvov dvopa lat pov Tépypar, éf’ @ of Evvdvarpi- 
sper TAK TOV TWA Xpovov. eTUyYave yap oO larpos 
ovTOS vooov Te avTov amarnratas NareTrHs ™po- 
Tepoy Kal an’ abrod piros Te Kal Troewods és 7a 


padiora av. TavTa éTrel Bacvreds ‘Toverivuavds 


NKOUGE, TOV TE TpiBobvor cat Ta xpnuata evOds 
emeune Evvsovta €s KevTmvapea elkoow, oUTw TE 
ai orovoal yeyovast “Pwpaiors Te Kal  Mépoas 
eviauTovs TéVTE, déxar ov TE Kal evatoy eros 
‘Tovetiwavod Bacidéws thy abtoxpdtopa apxiyy 
EXOVTOS. 

’Onriyo 6€ botepov ApéOas re Kal’ AXapovy- 


516 


Vv 


———L—_ i. 1°. 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxviii. 2-12 


earlier had been sent as an envoy with Sergius to ~ 


Chosroes, Then the Emperor Justinian sent Con- 
stantianus and Sergius a second time to. Chosroes to 
arrange the truce. And they overtook him in 
Assyria, at the place where there are two towns, 
Seleucia and Ctesiphon, built by the Macedonians 
who after Alexander, the son of Philip, ruled over 
the Persians and the other nations there. These two 
towns are separated by the Tigris River only, for 
they have nothing else between them. There the 
envoys met Chosroes, and they demanded that he 
should give back to the Romans the country of 
Lazica, and establish peace with them on a thor- 
oughly secure. basis. But Chosroes said that it was 


_ not easy for them to come to terms with each other, 


unless they should first. declare an.armistice, and then 
should continue to go back and forth to each other 
without so much fear and settle their differences and 
make a peace which should be on a secure basis for 
the future. And it was necessary, he said, that in re- 
turn for this continued armistice the Roman Emperor 
should give him money and should also send a certain 
physician, Tribunus by name, in order to spend some 
specified time with him. For it happened that this 
physician at a former time had rid him of a severe 
disease, and as a result of this he was especially 
beloved and greatly missed by him. When the 
Emperor Justinian heard this, he immediately sent. 
both Tribunus and the money, amounting to twenty 


centenaria. .In this way the treaty was made be- 545 a.v. 


tween the Romans and the Persians for five. years, 
in the nineteenth year of the reign of the Emperor 
Justinian. / 

And a little later Arethas and Alamoundaras, the 


St7 


-— 


13 


14 


16 


17 


18 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA’ — - 


dapos, of TOV Lapaxnvav dpyovres, Troe Hov 1 pos 
aNAHAOVS KaTa povas Svéhepov, odte “Popalov 
ove Tlepoaw a apvuvovtav odict. Kal "Ada povvba- 
pos pev &va TOV "ApéGa maidwv | immous vewovTa €€ 
emidpomis éX@v i) "Agpoditn evOvs eOuce, Kalan’ 
avTod éyvacOn ov KkatampolecOat 7a ‘Popaiov 
mpdyparta Tlépoats ‘A pear. peta &e Evviact 
pep és eaxny ExaTEpot TavtTl TO TTPATO, WKaCL 
dé KaTa Kpdaros a Ev TO ‘ApeOg, TpeWapevot Te 
TOUS ToANeEu“ious ToANOs exTewav. Kal map 
drdiyov “Apéas HAGe Svo TaV *“AXapouvddapov 
maidev favras éheiv, ov pévroe ye elde. TH si 
ovv Lapaxnvev TavrTn mn eixer. 

Xoapons dé, 0 Tlepoay Bacinevs, eBypdos 
ryéyove Ti exexerpiav ve Sorepp T pos. ‘Popatous 
metroinpevos, ep @ 8% avTtovs bia Thy elpnyny 
dvam ent @KoTas AaBov aunkerr ov TL épyacerat, 
Tpit@ yap Tis éxeXxerplas eviauT@ paxavarat 
Told e horny év Tépoaus aber ol dvo, DaBprtos 
Te Kal ‘loduyovovas, apxas pep meprBeBAnweva 
evTavla peyioras Kal aXX.wS Aoyig UO Tovnpotar@ 
Tlepoay amayro@v Kal dd€ay ert tH Sewornts kal 
KaKoTpoTrig TONANY EXOVTE. Bovdevedpevos ovv 
TONLW Adpas catahaBeiv e& émedpopijs kat Aatinns 
eforxioas Kodxous avavrTas, Tlépcas 6é avr’ 
avrav oiKnTopas | xatacTnoad Gat, To avdpe 
ToUTM &> audho 7a epya dmnpeTicovras ef Xero" 
Eppaov yap Kal NOyou ToAOd afvov épaiveto 
clvat yiv tHv Korxida odetepicapéva ev TO 


1 raldwv Maltretus : waida MSS, 
2 étoixtoo Justice: etouxioas H. 


518 


— 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxviii. 12-18 


_ rulers of the Saracens, waged a war against each 
other by themselves, unaided either by the Romans 
or the Persians. And Alamoundaras captured one 
of the sons. of Arethas in a sudden raid while he was 
pasturing horses, and straightway sacrificed him to . 
Aphrodite ; and from this it was known that Arethas 
was not betraying the Romans to the Persians. 
Later they both came together in battle with their 
whole armies, and the forces of Arethas were over- 

- whelmingly victorious, and turning their enemy to 
flight, they killed many of them. And Arethas came 
within a little of capturing alive two of the sons of ~< 
Alamoundaras ; however, he did not actually succeed. 
Such, then, was the course of events among the 

_ Saracens. 

But it became clear that Chosroes, the Persian 
king, had made the truce with the Romans with 
treacherous “intent, in order that he might find 
them remiss on account of the peace and_ inflict 
upon them some grave injury. For in the third 
year of the truce he devised the following schemes. 
There were in Persia two brothers, Phabrizus and? 
Isdigousnas, both holding most important offices 
there and at the same time reckoned to be the basest 
of all the Persians, and having a great reputation 
for their cleverness and evil ways. Accordingly, 
since Chosroes had formed the purpose of capturing 
the city. of Daras by a sudden stroke, and to move 
all the Colchiars out of Lazica and establish in their 
place Persian settlers, he selected these two men to 
assist him in both undertakings. For it seemed to 
him that it would be a lucky stroke and a really im- 
portant achievement to win for himself the land of 


549 





19 


2 


— 


22 


23 


24 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


BeBaiy THs KTNTEWS EXEL, Ebppopov ovye- 
caper TH Hepoay apy kata Tora Evecare 
tobT6 ye. THY TE Yap ‘IPnpiay € ev TO doparel és 
TO €meita eke, oVK av ETL eXOvT@Y TBijpov. ep’ 
ovoTiVvas dvO pom ov amooTavTes owOncovrar’ 
éretd) yap of TovTwy 87 AoYyuoTaTor TOV Bap- 
Bdpov ou0d Toupyévn 7T& Bacirel és arbotacw 
edov, @oTrep Lot év TOls EumpocbE yous €pp7n0n, 
ovte Baciréa ogiat kataoriaes Gat To evbévde 
Evvex@pour Tépoae ove avTOYV@LOVvODUTES Tlep- 
Tov KQTI) KOOL “T8npes oaV, aX vmoyria Te Kal 
amTLoTia és GNAHAOUS TOAAH ElYoVTO. EV rot TE 
"IBnpes qoav ducavacxeroovres TE loxupotara 
Kal vewTepLoovTes ov. TOMA@ batepov, nv TWOS 
mote Katpod daPéabar Suvarol elev, Kab _™pos 
Owvver tev Aabinh T poo oiKey adqa@Tov ev THD 
Tepoay apy és del everOa, pov dé xal 
GTOVOTEPOV aurous 7H ‘Popateov pXF errt- 
TUE, jpina av avT@ Bovrouere eln' ov yap 
aX ovdev Tols €v Kavedow oikovot Ba Bapows o) 
emiteixio pa Natieny eivat. pddiora & TavToVv 
KaTa TOUTO Evvoicew apos | Aalixns erixpatnow 
yamile TWépacas, Or bn €& avTis Oppepevor 
Suv covr at ovdevi Tove Katabéovtes Kat relh Kal 
vavol Ta €TlL TOU Eve(vou kahoupévou TOVTOU 
xepia Karmadoxas Hey Kal TOUS avT@V eX0- 
pévous Varatas Kral BiOvvods mapacticea bat, é€ 
err pots 5é Bufavtious aipycety, ovdevos opiow 
avTistatoovTos. TovTe@pv pev 67 & Evexa 7 poo ovet- 
abat mies t Aatixhvy nOerev, éni Aagois dé 70 


1 aps MSS. : Christ would delete. 
520 


a ae 


yee 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxviii. 18-24 


Colchis and to have it in secure possession, reasoning 
that this would be advantageous to the Persian 
empire in many ways. In the first place they would 
have Iberia in security forever afterwards, since the 
Iberians would not have anyone with whom, if they 
revolted, they might find safety; for since the most 
notable men of these barbarians together with their 
king, Gourgenes, had looked towards revolt, as I 
have stated in the preceding pages,! the Persians from 
that time on did not permit them to set up a king 
over themselves, nor were the Iberians single-minded 
subjects of the Persians, but there was much 
suspicion and distrust between them. And it was 
evident that the Iberians were most thoroughly dis- 
satisfied and that they would attempt a revolution 
shortly if they could only seize upon some favourable 
opportunity. Furthermore, the Persian empire would 
be forever free from plunder by the Huns who lived 
next to Lazica, and he would send them against the 
Roman domains more easily and readily, whenever 
he should so desire. For he considered that, as 
regards the barbarians dwelling in the Caucasus, 
-Lazica was nothing else than a bulwark against 
them. But most of all he hoped that the subju- 
gation of Lazica would afford this advantage to the 
Persians, that starting from there they might over- 
run with no trouble both by land and by sea the 
eountries along the Euxine Sea, as it is called, and 
thus win over the Cappadocians and the Galatians 
and Bithynians who adjoin them, and_ capture 
Byzantium by a sudden assault with no one opposing 
them. For these reasons, then, Chosroes was 
anxious to gain possession of Lazica, but.in the Lazi 


1 Cf. Book I. xii, 5 fff. 
521 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


25 Oapoeiv aS Herta elev. érrel0n yap “Peopaitor 
ek THs Navies avexopnoay, Aatév to TIOos 


7H Tepoay 2px errveLe@s Hx 0eTO. povdtporrot 


yap, elmep GdXov Tivés, of Lépcas eici wal Ta és 
26 THv Startav Drepdyav cKAnpol. Kal avdrois ot 
Te vouot SvaoTrpdcobot eiat Tpds TaVT@V avOpeToV 
Kal Ta éTiTaypaTa OvdaLh avexTad.  mpos pévTOL 
Aafovs kai Siapepdvtws 7o Siadrddooov Tis TE 
yvouns det Kal Tis Svairns Tapa ToAv da- 
paiverat, érret Aafol wey Xprotiavot eat mavTov 
padsara, Tlépoaus 8é at’ évayTias avTay Ta és TO 
27 Ociov dmavta éyxeu. xepis 6é ‘ToUT@D ‘anes pev 
THs Natixis ovdapiy ryivovTat, ov payy ovTe otros 
28 oUTE olvos ovTE TL GAO dryaov pueran, éx 8é 
‘Popaiwv TOV mapantov aravra, Tats vavalv 
emretoepyeTar ohict, ral TadTa ov xXpuciov Tois 
oupBdarrovert TpoiepEevors, Gna Séppets Te Kal 
avopamoda Kal el Tt ado évradba Kara rod 
29 mepietvar EvpBaiver. TOUTOU TE, @S TO et kos, 
aTroKeK hela MEvoL TO NoTrOV NoXaQov. ov 8) 0 
Xocpons aia Popevos TpoTephaas Eby TO acpanei, 
mpiv Tt és auTov ve@repiceray,: € év omovdy ele, 
30 Kal ot Bovrevopéve Evupoperarov édokev elvat 
DouBaSny TOV Aatav Bacikéa éxrrod@v bt 
TaXLoT, TOUNTAPEVO Aafods evOevd_ mavonuel 
avacTno ely, obra TE Tlépaas Kal ara ata eOum 
Evvorxceiv év TavTy TH XOpa. 
31 Tabra o 6 Xoapons BeBourevpévos "Teduyovevav 
@s én mpeo Reig d70ev TH AOyo és Bulavriov 
o7éAXe, Kat of epoav dpiotivonv amronreEdmevos 


1 yewreploecav Dindorf : vewreploew MSS. 
522 





a SS ee 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxviii. 24-31 


he had not the least confidence. For since the time 
when, the Romans had withdrawn from Lazica, the 
common people of the country naturally found the 
Persian rule burdensome. For the Persians are 
beyond all other men singular in their ways, and 
they are excessively rigid as regards the routine 
of daily life. And their laws are difficult of access 
for all men, and their requirements quite unbearable. 
But in comparison with the Lazi the difference of 
their thinking and living shows itself in an al- 
together exceptional degree, since the Lazi are Chris- 
tians of the most thorough-going kind, while. all the 
_ Persian views regarding religion are the exact oppo- 
_ site of theirs. And apart from this, salt is produced 
nowhere in Lazica, nor indeed does grain grow there 
nor the vine nor any other good thing. But from 
the Romans along the coast everything is brought in 
to them by ship, and even so they do not pay gold to 
the traders, but hides and slaves and whatever else 
happens to be found there in great abundance ; and 
when they were excluded from this trade, they were, 
as was to be expected, in a state of constant vex- 
ation. When, therefore, Chosroes perceived this, 
he was eager to anticipate with certainty any move 
on their part to revolt against him. And upon con- 
sideririg the matter, it seemed to him to be the most 
_ advantageous course to put Goubazes, the king of ° 
the Lazi, out of the way as quickly as possible, and to | 
move the Lazi in a body out of the country, and — 
then to colonize this land with Persians and certain - 
other nations. 

When Chosroes had matured these plans, he sent 
Isdigousnas to Byzantium, ostensibly to act as an en- 
voy, and he picked out five hundred of the most 


523 


32 


33 


34 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA Ain 


TEVTAKOTLOUS Evvérepapen, émuarethas odio ye- 
véoOar pev ev Troret Adpas, év oixtats dé KaTta- 
Boat ToANais, TavTas Te VURTO aTrdacas 
eT phoat, Kab ‘Popaiov appt TO mp TooTO 
HO XOAN LEVEY, @S TO eixos, ATaVvT@V dvouyvivar ; 
pev Tas Todas evdus, TH Se TONEL TO ado 
Tlepody oTpaTeupa déEacbau. ™ poeipnto yap 
TO NioiBidos TONEWS  ApPXOVTL TTPATLOTOV 
Tribos a ayXvora 7 eyxpudidtovre év TapacKevh} 
exe, oUTM yap auTovs @eto Xoapons ovdevi 
Tove ‘Pepaious Te amavtas SiaxpyoerBar" Kai 
TY modu Adpas ev. BeBaio KaTahaBovras 
oXNTEW. ara Tis ED eld@s TH Tpacc opera, 
‘Popaios bev aunps avTomonos dé oniryep Tporepov 
és Lépaas FKOV, Tov TdvTa oyov Tew io 
ppater, evradba ToTe Svar piBnv eXOVTL, ob 
Tots eum poo bev oyous é€uvnaOnv, are Tlepeay 
avarreiravTos tos ev TO Luraupdvev TroNopKou- 
pévous dpoupico opis avTovs évdodvat ‘Papaiors. 
Teepytos ov €év Tois ‘Popaiov te kal Tepoay 
dptows amavTnoas TO mpeo Bevtip TOUT@ épackev 
od Kata mpeoBetav Ta ToLoupeva. civat, kai ov 
TOTE Tépoas TogoUTOUS TO TIS év TOKE 
Popator avdhcad bar. xen yap Tovs mev ad- 
ous amavrTas év xe@pre "Appod.os atonurety, 
avT@ 8e Edv onriyous Tioly. és modw Adpas 
éouTnTa eivat, 6 bev obv I oduyobavas 7 NYAVAKTEL 
Te Kat Sve popouperp epet, ate meptuBpto peévos 
ov d€ov, Kaitrep emt mpeo Beig Tapa Tov ‘Popaiar 
Bacihéa OTENAGHEVOS. Ted pytos b€ of ov ™poo- 
éxov Tov vodv nyptopévw Siec@oaTo Thy mont 
1 Giaxphoacba VG. 


524 











HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxviii. 31-37 


valorous of the Persians and sent them with him, 
directing them to get inside the city of Daras, and 
to take their lodgings in many different houses, and 
at night to set these all on fire, and, while all the 
Rows were occupied with this fire, as was natural, 

n the gates immediately, and receive the rest 
of of the Persian army into the city. For word had 
_ been sent previously to the commander of the city 
of Nisibis to conceal a large force of soldiers near by 
and hold them in readiness. For in this way 
Chosroes thought that they would destroy all the 
Romans with no trouble, and seizing the city of 
Daras, would hold it securely. But someone who 
knew well what was being arranged, a Roman who . 
had come to the Persians as a deserter a little 
earlier, told:everything to George, who was staying 
there at the time; now this was the same man whom 
I mentioned in the preceding pages! as having per- 
suaded the Persians who were besieged in the 
fortress of Sisauranon to surrender themselves to the 
Romans. . George therefore met this ambassador, at 
the boundary line between Roman and Persian soil 
and said that this thing he was doing was not. after 
the fashion of an embassy, and that never had so 
numerous a body of Persians stopped for the night in 
a city of the Romans. For he ought, he said, to 
have left behind all the rest in the town of Ammo- 
dios, and must himself enter the city of Daras with 
some few men. Now Isdigousnas was indignant and 
appeared to take it ill, because he had been insulted 
wrongfully, in spite of the fact that he was dispatched 
on an embassy to the Roman emperor. But George, 
paying no heed to him in his fury, saved the city 


» Book II. xix. 23. 
525 


33> 


40 


41 


42 


43 


A 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA | 


‘Pepaios. Ey yap avipaow eixoot povois 7H 
mOXEL TOV ‘lo deyobovay édéEaro. 

_ Taverns ovv THs Tetpas am OTUX@Y 0 BapBapos 
odTOs ws mpeo Bevov és BuSdyriov HOE, THY TE 
yuvaina wal Ouyarépas erraryOpevos dvo (TodTO 
yap HY avT@ TO TapaTréTac wa TOU EvvedmrvO 6708 
opthou), T@ TE Baovrel és Oxy Tyecov appl pe 
TOV omovdaiay TWh ov heya ov puKpov layuoev 
eimrety, Kaimep ov hooov i} pias déxa KaTa- 
Tpipas év ‘Popatov Hh Yq. Ta pévToe dapa 
mapa Xogpdov, amep elu rau, Kal ypdppata 


Bacirei edwxe, &: wv o Xoo pons "lovatimavov 


Baoiréa onpiva néiov él ot 70 Tapa dyveias 
Tépl @S dpiora EX OL. TOUTOV HEVTOL tov ‘Iod:- 
yovovay ‘lovaetiavos Bactheds padiota Tpéo- 
Bewy amdvrav av npeis iopev Evv Te TOAD 
prrogpootyy ibe Kal bua TLLAS (KaVvaS iyyaryev. 
WOTE Kal jvixa on) avrov Eo Ton, Bpadovevor, 
domep avT@ Eppnveds elmrero, Eby ave ert THs 
71 Bados KareWuve, m payjua. TorToTE ov yeyoves 
mporepov €x Tov TaVvTos Xpovov. épynvéa yap 
ovdé TOY Ti KaTadecoTépwY apYoVYTa@Y, 4H TL YE 
89 Bactret opotpdmetop yeyouera ovdeis ‘ToTe 
eloev. arra Kal peyadorpeTréa Tepoy a Kara 
mpeo Beuriy TOV avbpa TOUTOV édéEaro Te Kal Gaqre- 
TEUNPATO, Kaitrep én ovdevt & epye THY mpeo Belay, 
@oTrEp mot ElpNTal, TETOLNpMEVOV. Hv yap TES tds 
te damavas SiapiOuncacto Kab Ta bapa, boa 
évOévoe KeKopes WEVOS loduyotovas amriev @XETOS 
a)éov aura ght wed # és Xpucod KevTnvapia 
déxa evphoe. T v oby Ths €s Adpas modu 
ai apa a TO rit és cote —. - 


526 





ees 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxviii. 37-44 


for the Romans. For he received Isdigousnas into 
the city with only twenty men. 

So having failed in this attempt, the barbarian 
came to Byzantium as if on an embassy, ee 
with him his wife and two daughters (for this was 
his pretext for the crowd which had been gaiticned™ 
about him); but when he came before the emperor, 
he was unable to say anything great or small about 
any serious matter, although he wasted no less than 
ten months i in Roman territory. However, he gave 


the emperor the gifts from Chosroes, as is customary, . 


and a letter, in which Chosroes requested the 
Emperor Justinian to send word whether he was 
enjoying the best possible health. Nevertheless the 
Emperor Justinian received this Isdigousnas with 
more friendliness and treated him with greater 
honour than any of the other ambassadors of whom 
we know. So true was this that, whenever he 


entertained him, he caused Braducius, who followed . 


_ him as interpreter, to recline with him on the couch, 
a thing which had never before happened in all time. 
For no one ever saw an interpreter become a table- 
companion of even one of the more humble officials, 
not to speak of a king. But he both received and 


dismissed this man in a style more splendid than~ 


that which befits an ambassador, although he had 
undertaken the embassy for no serious business, as I 
have said. For if anyone should count up the money 
expended and the gifts which Isdigousnas carried 
with him when he went away, he will find them 
amounting to more than ten centenaria of gold. 
So the plot against the city of Daras ended in this 
way for Chosroes. 


527 





ar ae 


5 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


aX 


“Eg te Aatixnv mpata pev Evra twaprrAnOH és 
nav Toinow émitndeiws ExovTa emeprver, OvdEevi 


dpdcas ef’ btm bn attra réprpeev, GA TO 


Noyo pnyavas év Ilétpas 7H weprBorAw KaTacTH- 
aopevos tadta éoredrev. rrevta be Tlepodv 
paximous tplaxocious aroneEdpevos, PaBpivov 
Te, ovTEp apTtins éreuvicOny, adtols érioTHaas 
évradda otédret, & 5) erijyyednre TouBdbny @S 
habpaiirara Siaxpijoac bar TO yap évO évde adT@ 
peAnoey. Ta pev odv EVNa TadTa émel és Aakieny 
éxopicOn, KepavvoBrAnTa éEamivaiws yevoyeva 
Tereppia bat EvvéBn PDaBprfos dé Edv tots tpra- 
Kkoolos és Aatixny aen6 pevos émpacoey bres 
67) appl PouBatn Ta pos TOD Xospoov ernyyer- 


péva UTroTeNoin. ery xave dé TOV TLS ev Kodyous . 


— 





—— 


Rovi pov, Papodvons ovopa, T@ TouBaty Tpoo- 


KEKPOUKOS és pera TE ol an avTov durenraKas 


ExOos Kal @S Kora Oapedy « TO Baciret és oy . 


KEW. OTrEp eel O DaPpilos & eyva, TOV » Papa dvony 


: peTaT Euypapevos ’ EXOLVONOYEITO TE cal hc dmavra 


drvyov efeve year dveruvO avero Tob a @trov OTN 
ot emuXelpyTea és tay mpakw ein. d0ke totvuv 


opiow é én ows Sovreveapévous Dapuov pev 


év létpa. 2h Tone yevéo Oa, HetaTreupacbar be 

TouBatny évtavoa, bras of dyyéXXor boa 8) 

Bacire? audi rd Evvoicovts Aafois Soxodvra ein. 

arr’ 6 Dapodvons kpida T& TovBaky éonpnve 
1 werameupduevos VG: meraxadrerdpmevos P. 

528 


al ae i i ee 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, IT. xxix. 1-7 


XXIX 


His first move against Lazica was as follows. He 
sent into the country a great amount of lumber 
suitable for the construction of ships, explaining to 
no one what his purpose was in so doing, but 
ostensibly he was sending it in order to set up 
engines of war on the fortifications of Petra.. Next he 
chose out three hundred able warriors of the Persians, 
and sent them there under command of Phabrizus, 
whom I have lately mentioned, ordering him to 
make away with Goubazes as secretly as possible ; as 
for the rest, he himself would take care. Now when 
_ this lumber had been conveyed to Lazica, it happened 
that it was struck suddenly by lightning and reduced 
to ashes. And Phabrizus, upon arriving in Lazica with 
the three hundred, began to contrive so that he might 
carry out the orders received by him from Chosroes 
regarding Goubazes. Now it happened that one of 


the men.of note among the Colchians, Pharsanses - 


by name, had quarrelled with Goubazes and in con- 
sequence had become exceedingly hostile to him, 
and now he did not dare at all to go into the 


presence of the king. When this was learned by 


Phabrizus, he summoned Pharsanses and in a con- 
ference with him disclosed the whole project, and 
enquired of the man in what way he ought to go 
about the execution of the deed. And it seemed 
best to them after deliberating together that 
Phabrizus should go into the city of Petra, and 
should summon Goubazes there, in order to announce 
to him what the king had decided concerning the 
interests of the Lazi. But Pharsanses secretly 


529 
VOL. I. M M 


—< 


— 


PROCOPIUS OF. CAESAREA 


Ta mpaccopeva. S10 8) TouBatns mapa pev 
PaBpifov ovdayh HrAOev, ex Sé Tod eéudavods és 

8 amdatacw ede. Dad Bpifos 5é Ilépoars pév Tots 
arrows Tod év [létpa dudrantnpiov émipedeiobar 
maon Suvaper éméc TENE Kal TA és TodLOpKiaY OS 
achartotata éEapticcOar, avtos bé& Edy ois 
Tpraxootows én’ olKkou dmpaxros AVEYOPNTE. 

9 TouBatns de dveveryKoy és "Tova tiveavoy Baciréa 
Ta Tapovta ohio TOV ev TA mporepa mem pary- 
pévoy Aafois édeito cuyyvepova eivat, apdvat 
ohict Suvdues TH waon amaddakelover THs 
Mydwv apyfs. od yap Kata povas SuvncerBat 
Korxovs atroxpotcacba tiv Hepody Stvapw. 

10 Tatra érel Bactreds "lovativiavos HKovce, 
Tepiyapns yevouevos avdpas émtaxicyiriovs Kal 
AayicOaiov dpxyovra cat Tfavous xidovs és érre- 

11 coupiay Aafois éreprpev. of 59 év yq tH Korxide 
yevopmevor dua Aafois te cal t@ TouBatn éverpa- 
tomedevoduevor aul tov Ilétpas mepiBorov és 

12 todopkiay Kabiotavto. Ilepody 8 tay evtadba 
dvTwY KapTepoTata ex Tod TepiBorou amUvOMEvoY, 
xpevov Th mpocedpeta trodvy TeTpipOar EvvéBn, 
émel Kal Ta edad par évarrobepevor opiow ot Ilép- 

13 gat SuapKas é eruxov. Tovtois dé 6 Xoopons Evv- 
Tapax Gels oTpatiay ToAAW imméwv Te Kal TeCoV 
ém avTous eae nev, ols 51) apyovta Meppepony 
eméa THCY, oumep 0 TouBagns aia Popevos T@ 
Aayiabaiw émixowa Bovdevaduevos émoier Tade. 

14 Boas 6 motapos @Eeow ayxiotd TH TOV 


53° 








HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxix. 7-14 


revealed to Goubazes what was being prepared. 
He, accordingly, did not come to Phabrizus at all, 
but began openly to plan a revolt. Then Phabrizus 
commanded the other Persians to attend as carefully 
as they could to the guarding of Petra, and to make 


everything as secure as possible against a siege, and 
he himself with the three hundred returned home- | 


ward without having accomplished his purpose. 
And Goubazes reported to the Emperor Justinian 
the condition in which they were, and begged him 
to grant forgiveness for what the Lazi had done in 
the past, and to come to their defence with all his 
strength, since they desired to be rid of the Median 
rule. For if left by themselves the Colchians would 
_ not be able to repel the power of the Persians. 

When the Emperor Justinian heard this, he was 
overjoyed, and sent seven thousand men under the 
leadership of Dagisthaeus and a thousand Tzani to 
the assistance of the Lazi. And when this force 
reached the land of Colchis, they encamped together 
with Goubazes and the Lazi about the fortifications 
of Petra and commenced a siege. But since the 
Persians who were there made a most stalwart. de- 
fence from the wall, it came about that much time 
was spent in the siege; for the Persians had put 
away an ample store of victuals in the town. And 
Chosroes, being greatly disturbed by these things, 
dispatched a great army of horse and foot against 
the besiegers, putting Mermeroes in command of 
them. And when Goubazes learned of this, he 
considered the matter together with Dagisthaeus 
and acted in the manner which I shall presently set 
forth, : 

The river Boas rises close to the territory of the 


551 


M M 2 


549 A.D, 


16 


17 


18 


19 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


Tfaviens opiwy év.’Appeviows ot 8) audi Td 
Dapayyiov @xnvra. Kal Ta pev TpOTA ev beEG 
éml mrelorov xwpel, Bpaxys Te i@v Kal Tove 
overt syevopevos ea Rares dmacw axpt €s X@pov 
ov o7 € év SeEia ev TBrjpov Ta Opid éoTt, KaTav- 
tixpv oé tedevTa pos 06 Kaveacos. évtad0a 
é0vn GdXa Te TOAAA Kal’ Aravoi Te Kal’ ABaayol 
Oxnvrat Xpiotiavot te cai “Pwpaiow dirot éx 
maratod bytes, Ziyoi te Kal pet adtods Odvvor, 
of SdBerpor erixadrodvta. émrerdav dé 6 ToTAamoS 
ovTos adixnta: iva 6) Tov te Kaveadoov Kal 
"TBnpias Ta pia eotiv, evtad0a émiywopévov ot 
Kal dd\rXov UdTev peiCov Te Tapa TOAY -yiveTat 
Kab Pécs avtt Boa 76 ev évwee Kahoupevos pépe- 
Tal; vavotTopos ryeryernpevos ape és TOV Rbfewov 
Kahovpevov TOVTOD, ob 87 oi Kal Tas éxBoras Evp- 
Baie eivat, cal avtod é¢’ éxarepa Aabien éorwv. 
GN’ év Seba pev Evutraca é emt mreloTov n xXepa 
mpos TOY Thee av0 porroav oixetrat MEXpL TOV 
"I Pnpias optov. Opal TE yap ai Aalto Tacat 
Tod morapod évros evrabOd ele Kal Toho nara 
éx TadaLod odion Tavry Teroinvrat, év Tots ’Ap- 
YaLoToNs, exXupwTdTH ovca, X«Bacroronis TE 
evTaba cai 76 Wetvoby ros ppouprov éoTt Sadvda 
Te Kal Laparavis 7 pos TOLS TBnpias. optors, 
TONELS pévToL déworoyetatar évtad0d eior “Po- 
oT OAs Kal Moxypnors. tod be morapou. év 
apiotepa AMatixns pe Ta bptid éote EXPL és pépas 
ooov evlave av6pi, € epnjov dé EvpBaiver avé po- 
TOV THY KYoOpay eival. TavTHY TpocoiKodot 


532 





— Vs 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxix. 14-19 


Tzani among the Armenians who dwell around 
Pharangium. And at first its course inclines to the 
right for a great distance, and its stream is small 
and can be forded by anyone with no trouble as far 
as the place where the territory of the Iberians lies 
on the right, and the end of the Caucasus lies directly 
opposite. In that place many nations have their 
homes, and among them the Alani and Abasgi, who are 
Christians and friends of the Romans from of old ; 
also the Zechi, and after them the Huns who bear 
the name Sabeiri. But when this river reaches the 
point which marks the termination of the Caucasus 
and of Iberia as well, there other waters also are 
added to it and it becomes much larger and from 
there flows on bearing the name of Phasis instead of 
Boas!; and it becomes a navigable stream as far as 
the so-called Euxine Sea into which it empties ; and 
on either side of it lies Lazica. Now on the right of 
the stream particularly the whole country for a great 
distance is populated by the people of Lazica as, far 
‘as the boundary of Iberia. For all the villages of 
the Lazi are here beyond the river, and towns have — 
been built there from of old, among which are 
Archaeopolis, a very strong place, and Sebastopolis, 
and the fortress of Pitius, and Scanda and Sarapanis 
over against the boundary of Iberia. Moreover there 
are two cities of the greatest importance in that 
region, Rhodopolis and Mocheresis. But on the left 
of the river, while the country belongs to Lazica as 
far as one day’s journey for an unencumbered 
traveller, the land is without human habitation: 
Adjoining this land is the home of the Romans who 


1 Procopius seems to have confused two separate and 
distinct rivers. 


533 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


‘Popaio: thv yopav of Lovtixol émikadodvrat. 
20 év peév odv Tots Aatixfs opiors,' évOa bn avOpwrrot 
ovdauh @&knvto, Llérpav “lovoetivavds [o] Bact- 
heds THY TOALY ev TOls KAT Eue Xpovals edEiuaTo. 

21 oumep “Iwavvys, 0 ThiBos émixadovpevos, TO 
MOVOT@ALOY KATACTHTAMEVOS, WaTEP jLoL ev TOIS 
éumrpoobev royous éppynOn, aitios THS aTorTacEews 

22 Natots yéyovev. éx 5é Tlétpas 1oXews iovte evOds 
mpos avepwov vorov oi ‘Pwpyaiwy opor éxdéxovTat, 
yopia te modvavOpwra évtad0a éott, TO TE 
“Pifatov karovpevov cat AOjvar Gd\Xa TE ATTA 

23 wéxpt Tparrefouvtior. jvika pev ovv émnyayovto 
Xogponv Aafoi, Boav motapov diaBavtes Tov TE 
Dicw év deka eyovtes és létpav #rOov, TO pev 
NOy@ MpovoncovtTes @S LH Ypdv@ TE Kal Tove 
TONG SiaTropOpeterOar avaykdlovtar ToTapov 
Pacw, ov Bovropevor 6€ Ta ohétepa oixia Tlép- 

24 cas évdeixvucOat. Kaitor® dvcodos mavraxobt 
Aatinn éoti évrds te wal éxtos trotapod Paot- 

25 805. oKkoTredor yap wmepduels eh’ ExadtEepa THS 
Yaopas dvTes oTEVwWTODS em pwaKpoTaToV Jratbe 
motobvTat' KrAELTOvpas EAAHVIiSoVTES Tas TOLAUTAS 

26 ddovs ‘Pwuator kadodow. adr éret ToTe Aakixn 
adtraxtos étuyyavev ovoa, pdcta 8 év Tlétpa 
Evy tots jryeuoor Aalois éyévovto Ilépaat. 

27 Nov d€ 0 TovBdtns palov tiv Llepoa@y épodov 
T@ Aayicbaiw éréctedre Téurrar pév Twas ob 
dvrdkover Tov oTevwtov ioxupotata os éKTOS 
Pacidsos Totapod éots, THY pévToL TMpocedpeiav 


1 6plois P: xwpios VG. 
2 nalrot Dindorf: rai tr P. 


534 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxix. r9-27 


are called Pontic. Now it was in the territory of 
_ Lazica, in the part which was altogether uninhabited, 
that the Emperor Justinian founded the city of Petra 
in my own time. This was the place where John, 
surnamed Tzibus, established the monopoly, as I have 
told in the previous narrative,! and gave cause to the 
- Lazi to revolt. And as one leaves the city of Petra 
going southward, the Roman territory commences 
immediately, and there are populous towns there, 
and one which bears the name of Rhizaeum, also 
Athens and certain others as far as Trapezus. Now 
when the Lazi brought in Chosroes, they crossed the 
River Boas and came to Petra keeping the Phasis on 
the right, because, as they said, they would thus 
provide against being compelled to spend much time 
and trouble in ferrying the men across the River 
Phasis, but in reality they did not wish to display 
their own homes to the: Persians. And yet Lazica 
is everywhere difficult to traverse both to the right 
and to the left of the River Phasis. For there are 
on both sides of the river exceedingly high and 
jagged mountains, and as a result the passes are 
narrow and very long. (The Romans call the roads 
through such passes “ clisurae ’’’ when they put their 
* own word intoa Greek form.”) But since at that time 
Lazica happened to be unguarded, the Persians had 
reached Petra very easily with the Lazi who were 
their guides. 

But on this occasion Goubazes, upon learning of 
the advance of the Persians, directed Dagisthaeus to | 
send some men to guard with all their strength 
the pass which is below the River Phasis, and he 


1 Cf. Book II. xv. 11. 
2 Latin clausura, ‘a narrow shut-in road.” 


535 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


os HKicTa Ave, Ews THY Te Llétpav Kat Ilépoas 
28 Tous évTav0a éfeneip SivavTat. avros dé rayti 
TO Kodxor TTPaT@ €s Ta Aatixns éoxyata rer, 
os TOV evradba OTEV@TrOV duapuhdgov duvdper TH 
29 mao. éroyxave dé TOARO Tporepov *ArXavods Te 
Kat LaBetpous és Evppaxiay emaryopMevos, olmep 
@pmoNoynoav KevTnvaplov Tpidoy ovy baov adnorov 
Nabors EvudurdEew thy yi, Gra Kal "TBnplay 
ora KatacticerOaL avdpav gpnpov as pnde 
Tépoacs év0 évde TO Noumov iévar Svvata éoeo Oat. 
tadra Te oiot Ta Xpnpara Bacthéa TouBagys 
30 bmréaxeTo d@cewv. avTos HED ovv avEveyKov és 
Baotréa ‘Tougreveavov Ta Suyceipeva Tots TE 
BapBdpos ta Xpivara TabTa (KEéTEVE Teper ewy 
kat Aafois aryav KEKAK@[LEVOLS Tapanruxny 
3] mpoécbar Twa. épacke 5€ Kal oi avT@ TO 
6n p00 Lov Tas ovrragers opet dew €vtavT@V (Séka; 
émel ev Tois oidevTLapiows ev TadaTiw TaTaomEevosS 
ovdev Kexopaevos evOévde ein, && ob 89 és yhv 
32 THY Koryiba Xoopons mre. Bactreds 6é *lov- 
oriviavos émuTeneoety pev dtevoetro THY airnow, 
erruyevopévns Sé of aaxonrias TLVOS OUK emreunpe TO 
KaOnKOVTL xpove Ta xpnuata. TouvBagns ev 
oby TaDTa éToLeL. 
33 AayicOaios dé (Hv yap Tis veavias TOAEMOV TE 
Steveyneiv Mndixov ovdaph akvox pews) Tots 
34 mapodow ovK érriTndeios EXPATO. déov obv 
apédet TO Tretia tov Tod aTparoo és Tov oO TEVOT OV 
oreihat, Taya © av mov Kal avTov 7O epy@ 
TOUT@ mapayevéc@a, €s éxaTov avdpas, ooTep 
Te mapepyov Siayerpilov, Errepape povous’ avTos 
1 jACe VGP: éonade W. 
536 


HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxix. 27-34 


bade him not on any account to abandon the siege 
until they should be able to capture Petra and the 
Persians in it. He himself meanwhile with the 
whole Colchian army came to the frontier of Lazica, 
in order to devote all his strength to guarding the 
pass there. ‘Now it happened that long before he 
had persuaded the Alani and Sabeiri to form an 
alliance with him, and they had agreed for three 
centenaria not merely to assist the Lazi in guarding 
the land from plunder, but also to render Iberia so 
destitute of men that not even the Persians would 
be able to come in from there in the future. ‘And 
Goubazes had promised that the emperor would give 
them this money. So he reported the agreement 
to the Emperor Justinian and besought him to send 
this money for the barbarians and afford the Lazi 
some consolation in their great distress. He also 
stated that the treasury owed him. his salary for ten 


years, for though he was assigned a post among the | 


privy counsellors in the palace, he had. received no 


payment from it since the time when Chosroes came - 


into the land of Colchis. And the Emperor Justinian 
intended to fulfil this request, but some business 
came up to occupy his attention and he did not send 
the money at the proper time. So Goubazes was 
thus engaged. 


' But Dagisthaeus, being a rather young man and _ 


by no means competent to carry on a war against 
Persia, did not handle the situation properly. For 
while he ought to have sent certainly the greater 
part of the army to the pass, and perhaps should 
have assisted in person in this enterprise, he sent 
only one hundred men, just as if he were managing 
a matter of secondary importance. He _ himself, 


537 





35 


36 


37 


38 


39 


40 


4 


_ 


42 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA tere 


dé Tlérpav TOMopKaY TavTl TO orpar® obdey 
ipuce, Kam ep TOV Tone pier oMiywv dvTor. 
KaT apxas Hep yap 00x, ieoous 1) TevTa- 
Koclot «Kal yidvor Hoav, Tmpos ‘Popatov 
dé kal Aalav év xpdv@ TOARP TevyouwayovyTev 
Barropevoi te Kal apetiny ériderxvipevot parora 
mdvrov ov iyeis topev, OvnoKovat Te ToONAOL 
Kal odpiow és ddbyous Komon arroxexpicbar 
Evverece. Tlépcau pev ou és dmoyvediv TE Kab 
amropiay cumenmToKdres HovXT euevov, ‘Popator 


bé appt TO TELYOS Suwmpuxa év xop@ _ Odiy 
meroinyrat, 6 6 Te TavTy mept Boros evbds é emreoeD. 
dna EvvéBn tovtov 8 Tod yewpou yrds olknpa 
elvat ovdey Tob meptBorov dvertnKds, 6 8H 
eEtevetro és TO TeTTwMKOS ehe&s 6hov* Kal avtt 
Tov TelxoUS ToALopKoupevots wyevopevov ev 7 


doganret ovoev TL Hooov avTovs Kabiorn. Sr ep. 


‘Pepaious Evytapafat ovdapi) ea xev. ev yap 
eldores OS aro 5y TobTo érépwOi épyalopmevor 
THY TONY pgora aipnoovow, evédrides TOAN@ 
ere pHaddov eyevovTo. 6:0 69 6 Aaryicbaios 
Baorret pev Ta EvvevexPévra edn dou, GOra 6é 
ot Ths viens év mapacKevi civau TpourelveTo, 
onprvas bcous 8 avTov Te Kal Tov adeApov TOV 
avrob xenv Bacthéa Swpjcacbae: Tlérpav yap 
aipnoewv ov TONG borepov. Tlépoar pev ovv 
‘Papatous TE wal ‘Ttdvous Kapreporara Mey 
paxodyTas mapa dofav ipiorarro, Kaitrep oduyor 
dirrohe er pupeevor és ayay. émrel oe “Pwpaior wee 
paxodvres ovdey jvvov, mrt TO Sioptocew ad 
étpatovto. és Tocov Te TOU Epyou TovTOU adi- 


538 


Sa So ee 
































HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxix. 34-42 


moreover, though besieging Petra with the whole 
army, accomplished nothing, although the enemy 
were few. For while they had been at the begin- 
ning not less than fifteen hundred, they had been 
shot at by Romans and Lazi in their fighting at the 
wall for a long time, and had made a display of 
valour such as no others known to us have made, so 
that many were falling constantly and they were 
reduced to an exceedingly small number. So while 
the Persians, plunged in despair and at a loss what 
to do, were remaining quiet, the Romans made a 
trench along the wall for a short space, and the 
cireuit-wall at this point fell immediately. But it 
happened that inside this space there was a building 
which did not stand back at all from the circuit-wall, 
and this reached to the whole length of the fallen 
portion; thus, taking the place of the wall for the 
besieged, it rendered them secure none the less. 
But this was not sufficient greatly to disturb the 
Romans. For knowing well that by doing the same 
thing elsewhere they would capture the city with 
the greatest ease, they became still more hopeful 
than before. For this reason Dagisthaeus sent word 
to the emperor of what had come to pass, and pro- 
Bee that prizes of victory should be in readiness for 

m, indicating what rewards the emperor should 
bestow upon hiniself and his brother ; for he would 
capture Petra after no great time. So the Romans 
and the Tzani made a most vigorous assault upon the 
wall, but the Persians unexpectedly withstood them, 
although only a very few were left. And since the 
Romans were accomplishing nothing by assaulting 
he wall, they again turned to digging. And they 
went so far in this work that the foundations of the 


539 


43 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA bi 


KOVTO @S Payer én edagous Ta Tov TEptBorou 
Oepédua civat, aXn él Kevoo ew Tov emt Tel- 
GTOV éordvat, Teo ovpeva, @$ TO EelKOS, aUTiKa 
oa para. Kat-el per Aaya 8aios evO0s ° 70eXe 
mop Tols Depedious évarpar, ola evOuwpov odior 
THY TOMY adovar’ viv be Tas ek Pacihéws 
KapacoK av édrridas | péXXN@V TE del wat tpiBov 
TOV xpovov Hovyy EMeve. tara bev ow ev TO 
‘Papatov TTpAaTOTES@ eTpPATTETO THOE. 


XXX 


_Meppepons dé, eel Tovs TAnpias dpous nav 
T@ Mzjdev oTpaTe@ jpewpe, Tpoa@ EXPEL, moTa- 
pov Dacw- év beked éyov: dua yap Tov emt 
Aabiriis xopiov bévat ovdapi) 0 €de, ToD pn 
TL oi TAaUTH eum ob.o pa vmavTido at. Tlétpav 
yap oh Kat Ilépcas Tovs évtavba Bua: 
caclat év arovdy ele, Kaitot Kal potpa: TLS 
Tov meptBorou Katatertoxe éFarrivaiws. @pn- 
To yap, aomep joot elpntae: dvdpes te TOD “Pa- 
pai orpatov és TEVTHKOVTA eOerXovctor év Hh 
TONAEL yevopevot Baciréa “Tove tivvavov dveBown 
KaAXivixov. nyeito 5€ avtav veavias Tis “Appe- 


/ 1 i 4 ” lal ey iA 
wos yévos,' ‘Iwavyns dvopa, Owpa vios, dvTEep — 


Tovfnv érrixAnow éxd how. ovTos 0 Oopas 
\ lal > \ 
TONKA TOV appt THY Aavixny oxXupopnareov 
edeiuaro, Bacidéws ot emaryyethavtos, Kal TOV 
éxeivn OT PAT LOT OY np&ev, Euppov te PBaowret 
Sokev elvar, 6 yey ovv ladvuns, Mepodv odiow 
1 yévos P: yevduevos VG. 


540 


seinen ie 














HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxix. 42-xxx. 6 


circuit-wall were no longer on solid ground, but 
stood for the most part over empty space, and, in the 
nature of things, would fall almost immediately. 
And if Dagisthaeus had been willing immediately to 
apply fire to the foundations, I think that the city 
would have been captured by them straightway ; 
but, as it was, he was awaiting encouragement from 
the emperor, and so, always hesitating and wasting 
time, he remained inactive. Such, then, was the 
course of events in the Roman camp. 


XXX 


Bur Mermeroes, after passing the Iberian frontier 
with the whole Median army, was moving forward 
with the River Phasis on his right. For he was 
quite unwilling to go through the country of Lazica, 
lest any obstacle should confront him there. | For he 
was eager to save the city of Petra and the Persians 
in it, even though a portion of the circuit-wall had 
fallen down suddenly. For it had been hanging 
in the air, as I have said; and volunteers from the 
Roman army to the number of fifty got inside the 
city, and raised the shout proclaiming the Emperor 
Justinian triumphant. These men were led by a 
young man of Armenian birth, John by name, the 
son of Thomas whom they used to call by the sur- 
name Gouzes. This Thomas had built many of the 
strongholds about Lazica at the direction of the 
emperor, and he commanded the soldiers there, 
seeming to the emperor an intelligent person. Now 
John, when the Persians joined battle with his men, 


541 


9 


10 


11 


PROCOPIUS OF CARSAREA 


és xetpas ed ovr@r, mAnyels avdrixa Edv ois 
émopévous &s TO or parton edov dvex@pnoen, érrel 
ovdets oi Tav ex TOD ‘Popatov otTpatod &repos 
piven 7prOe- Ilépons dé avnp, Mippavns dvoua, 
donep tod ev Ierpa pudaxtyplov TpXev, appi 
TH TOE deioas, Ilépcass bev Taow éméoterreE 
Tis pvraKhhs és TO axpiBes padioTa exerOar, 
avros dé mapa Aayiabaior aTanels Oamds Te 
Kal atraTnAovs TpovTeiveTo NOyous, ovdevt Trove * 
omohoyarv ov TONA® VoTepoy evdwcey THY modu. 
TavTy Te mapaxpotoacat loxvoev, @S pn €S 
Tay mom avtixa TO ‘Popaiwv oTpaT@ éournTa 
elvat.” 

Oi & Zia Meppeponv eres» adixovto és 
Tov oTeveTov, évTadOa odict TO “Papalov 
puraxtyptov wrnvtiavloy és éxatov dvTes, Kap- 
Tepas TE nuvoVTO, Kal TovS THs eiaddoU aTro- 
TeLp@pEvous dvéa TeXKov. Tépoae dé ovdapod 
bmex@povr, aN TOUS _kTewopevous cel Erepoe 
éxdeyo mevot mporw €éxXedpour, may obéver TH 
ei odov Bralopevor. OvnoKovet pev Tlépoa TAEov 

7) xido1, KTeivovTes 5é ‘Popaior ameimov, TOU Te 
bulk opas Brabopévov Umex@pna dv TE Kal €S 
TOV éxeivyn pay Tas vmrepBodas dvadpapdvres 
éowOncar. tatta Aayialaios babe abrina 
THY mpoaedpetay d:édvcer, ovdéey TO oTpaTe® 
émioreidas, él Daoty Te moTapov Have cal ot 
“‘Popaio. Evwrartes eimovto, Ta ohéTepa adTav 
év T@ atpatotréd@ dmonrwrovtes. Ilépoar d€ Ta 
Totovpeva KaTLOOVTES Tas Te TUAAS avéwryov Kal 


1 révy GP: Adyw V. 2 civa: Maltretus: iéva: MS. 
3 orpatge VP: orparomédw G. 


542 





HISTORY. OF THE WARS, II. xxx. 6-12 


was wounded and straightway withdrew to the camp 
with his followers, since no one else of the Roman 
army came to support him. Meanwhile the Persian 
Mirranes who commanded the garrison in Petra, 

fearing for the city, directed all the Persians to keep 
guard with the greatest diligence, and he him- 
self went to Dagisthaeus, and addressed him with 
fawning speeches and deceptive words, agreeing 
readily to surrender the city not long afterwards. 
In this way he succeeded in deceiving him so that 
the Roman army did not immediately enter the 
city. 

Now when the army of Mermeroes came to the pass, 
the Roman garrison, numbering one hundred men, 
confronted them there and offered a stalwart re- 
sistance, and they held in check their opponents who 
were attempting the entrance. But the Persians by 
no means withdrew, but those who fell were .con- 
stantly replaced by others, and they kept advancing, 
trying with all their strength to force their way in. 
Among the Persians more than a thousand perished, 
but at last the Romans were worn out with killing, 
and, being forced back by the throng, they with- 
drew, and running up to the heights of the mountain 
there were sayed. Dagisthaeus, upon learning this, 
straightway abandoned the siege without giving any 
‘commands to the army, and proceeded to the River 
Phasis; and all the Romans followed him, leaving 
their possessions behind in the camp, And when the 
Persians observed what was being done, they opened 


543 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


emeEeNOovtes audit tas KadkvBas Tov TOhepiwY 
13 HAOov, ws 70 oTpaTomedov éEarpyoovres. TSdvou 
bé (od yap Aayicbaio erie dpmevor étuyov) 
. éBonfour évtad0a Spome, Tpeyapevot Te TOV@ 
14 ovdevt Tous smonepious ToANovs ExTewar. Hépoac 


bev ovv pevyovTes évToOs TOU mepiBorou éyévovto,: 


TEdvor dé Anurdpevor To ‘“Pwpaiwr or paromesov 
evOv tod “Prtaiov é éx@pnoar. évbev (b é és “A@iwas 
erOovtes Sia Tparefovvtiwy ém’ oiKov drenop- 
cOnoar. 

Meppepons dé wal 0 Mydav otpatos evrabba 
7prOov meepa. pera THY AayicGaiov brayoyny 
€vaTn’ ov 5) dm oneherpupevous ex Tov Tlepody 
pvrAaxtTynpiov Tpavyatias pev Kab aT omayous 
yevernpévous TeVvTKOVTA Kab _Tpraxoatous evpov, 
axparpvets 6 TEVTHKOVTA KaL EXATOV povous: oi 
16 yap aot dmavres ereOvijceoav. ovmep Ta 

cowara ot meplovres ToD meptBonrou € €xTOS ovdapn 

éppuray, ara TO THs oo pals duc wdeu arom ut- 
youevor Tapa SdEav avreixov, @s hy Twa és TO 

ToNopKely mpobupiav Tots moneplous, & are Tey 
17 TAELoT@Y ATOAWAOT@Y cata TApéeX@VT an, 6 TE 

Meppepons emit oO ator axpvov Te Kai Opivev 

akiav ‘Popator THY ToNLTElav epackev elvat, ols 

ye 87) és TobTO aobeveias TeplerTnKet TA mpdry- 

Mata, @S TevTHKOVTa Te Kal éExaTov areuxiarous 
18 Tlépoas pndepid pnyavh é&eretv deduvfjc Bat. Kal 

TOU pev mepiBorou avorxodounoacbat 6 doa KaTa- 

Ten TOKEL év oroven émrotet ro" érel dé ovTeE 

TiTavov €v TO mTapavtixa ovTE TL addo TOV €S TIP 

oixodoplay eritndetav ép Tapackevh elyev, erevoet 


15 


~ 


1 éyévovto P: Exrewav VG. 


544 


ae 























HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxx. 12-18 


their gates and came forth, and approached the tents 
of the enemy in order to capture the camp. But the 
Tzani, who had not followed after Dagisthaeus, as it 
happened, rushed out to defend the camp, and they 
routed the enemy without difficulty and killed many. 
So the Persians fled inside their fortifications, and 
the Tzani, after plundering the Roman camp pro- 
ceeded straight for Khizaeum. And from there they 
¢ame to Athens and betook themselves to their 
homes through the territory of the Trapezuntines. 
' And Mermeroes and the Median army came there 
on the ninth day after the withdrawal of Dagisthaeus; 
and in the city they found left of the Persian garrison 
three hundred and: fifty men wounded and unfit for? 
fighting, and only one hundred and fifty men unhurt ;— 
‘or all the rest had perished, Now the survivors 
j ad in no case thrown the bodies of the fallen out- 
side the fortifications, but though stifled by the evil 
stench, théy held out in a manner beyond belief, 
in order that they might not afford the enemy any 
encouragement for the prosecution of the siege, by 
letting them know that most of their number had 
perished. And Mermeroes remarked by way of a 
taunt that the Roman state was worthy of tears 
nd lamentation, because they had come to such a 
state of weakness that they had been unable by any 
“device to capture one hundred and_ fifty Persians 
/ without a wall, And he was eager to build up the 
portions of the circuit wall which had fallen down; | 


of the other necessary materials for the building 
eady at hand, he devised the following plan. 


545 
VOL. 1. N N 


but since at the moment he had neither lime nor any 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA | 


19 rade, OvAdKovS Auvods, ofs 8H Tlépoar Tra éme- 
tidera odhloww écexoploarto es ynv THY Koryibda, 
ard ppou cpm tjo devas és tov NOwY Ty xapar 
étiOeto, of 8% évtadOa Barropevor avtt ToD 

20 roixyou! é eyivovTo. Kal TpLaxtdiovs pev TOV Maxipov 
dronebdpevos auTtod elacev, olomep TA eSodipa ovK 
és xpovov xatéGeTo Akos, émicteihas Tov TmEpt- 


Borou Ths oixodouias emtpeneto Bau: autos, bé_ 


TavTl TO GAN oTPATO OTicgw aTdavVED. | 
21 °Enet ré 0f 050 7H adtH evOévde idvte oddels TOV 
avaykaiwy éyiveto topos, anavta év Térpa 

ld e > > > / @: cook 
NurrovTL atrep erihepdpevos e& "1 Bnpias o eTpaTos 
éruyev, AXAnv Tia Tropeiay iévar Sia TOV TAa’TH 


opav duevoeito, iva 82 avOpa@rovs oixeiv. Euabev, 
22 Gmreos AyeGopevor dr obiy dtvwvtar. év TavTH TH 


Topela Tav tis év Aafols Royinwr, DovPeris 


dvopa, Hépoas avrrtopévous év7jopevge, Aay- 
cOaiov dwa “Popaiwy dioxidAlois €rayouevos, ob 
81) Tov Tlepody €& émidpophs imrmovs véwovTas: 
Twas exrewa, imarovs TE Aqua dpevor 8 odiryou: 
TV avaxapnaw emrourjoavro. ole bev 0 Mep- 


pepons TO Mydwv otpare@ evOévde 7 qe. an 


23, “Ode PouBagns, pabesy boa 8% ‘Papators a re 
TH tLérpa Kal TO oTEVOT EvryvexOn yevéoOa 4 


ov8 as ddeucev, obde Thy ev TO kar’ avrov oTEVOTO 
pudannv elacev, evradba opioe THY Kepahny TH 
24 édaridos oldpevos elvar. é&ntictato yap Cs, TD K 
‘Peopaiovs exTOS Paordos TOTAaMOD Riad 
Ilépcac tov otevwrov dvaBhvar Kal év. 
1 rolxov GP: relxous V. 


546 





















— 


cnc a ee es 














HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxx. 18-24 


Filling with sand the linen bags in which the 
Persians had carried their provisions into the land of 
Colchis, he laid them in the place of the stones, and 
the bags thus arranged took the place of the wall. 
And choosing out three thousand of his able fighting 
men, he left them there, depositing with them 
victuals for no great length of time, and commanding 
them to attend to the building of the fortifications ; 
then he himself with all the rest of the army turned 
back and marched away. 

But since, if he went from there by the same road, 
no means of provisioning his army was available, 
since he had left everything in Petra which had been 
brought in by the army from Iberia, he planned to go 
by another route through the mountains, where he 
learned that the country was inhabited, in order that 
by foraging there he might be able to live off the 
land. In the course of this. journey one of. the 
notables among the Lazi, Phoubelis by name, laid an 
_ ambush for the Persians while camping for the night, 

bringing with him Dagisthaeus with two thousand of 
the Romans; and these men, making a_ sudden 
attack, killed some of the Persians who were grazing 
their horses, and after securing the horses as plunder 
they shortly withdrew. Thus, then, Mermeroes with 
the Median army departed from there. | 

But Goubazes, upon learning what had befallen 
the Romans both at Petra and at the pass, did’ not 
even so become frightened, nor did he give up the 
guarding of the pass where he was, considering that 
their hope centred in that place. For he understood 
that, even if the Persians had been able by foreing 
back the Romans on the left of the River Phasis to 
cross over the pass and get into Petra, they could 


547 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


yevéo Bat deduvnvrar, oddév av évOévde Aakay rh 
yvopa mpoorpipaiyro BraBos, Daow draBhvac 
ovdeuea bX EXOVTES, ads TE wat nav ov 
25 Tapova @y chic. o yap ToT apLos ovTos ‘Babous 
Mev el7rep TUS AAXNOS (KavOTaTa EXEL, evpous 8é él 
26 mretarov Sinker. THS wévTOL PUuNsS avT@ ToGod- 
Tov Trepieotiv Mate 51) és THY Oddaccay éxBarwv 
éml waxpotatov Kata movas ywpel, ovdaph TAavTH 
eripiyvipevos. vdwp apéret TOT“ MOY Tots exelvy } 
vavTurhopevors vdpeverOar mdpeo ry év HEow 
27 Teayel. Kal puraKkTypia pévTor TOU TroTapov . 
évTos. TeTOLNVTAL mavTaxoGe Aafoi, rod. pdt . 
vavot SiarropO wevopevors Tos ToAEmiows  amO- | 
Baow és thy yhv eivar. ) af 
28 Baovnevs bé "Toverimavis 2aPeipov pev TO . 
eOvet Ta Evyxeipeva Xpijpara éreure, TouBdatny — 
29 5€ kai Aafods Xpipacw arnows Sed@pnrat. eTvy- 
Xave 8é TORO TpoTepov Kal ado oTpareupa . 
Aoyou aEvov és Aatieny mew as, of ob adbiKo-— 
pevor évradba é eTuXov. TPXE é avToy “Pexiayyos 
ex Opdxns, aviip Euveros Te Kal dyads TH Toné- 
pa. TadTa ev ovy TAUTN TN eixe, a 
30 Tevopevos dé 0 Meppepons év Tots Opegw, do - 
ep Mot elpyTat, Ilétpay evbévoe TOY emery Seleov x 
éuTumAdvas év omovon eixev. emrapKer ery ap. TO 
évTav0a purdaxrnpio és TpeexXdtous, ovTe Ta 
odipa ovdapi ETO dmep elo KOmLa a MEVOL Eby 
avtots Eruxov. GNX emret Ta €v TOCt odio ywo- 
peva pores améxpn és TI Satie dala rae oTpared 
TavTN, OVX Haocoy %) Tpropuptors! odeL,* Kal am’ 
1 rpicuuplois G: tpicnvplay VP. 2 oda: VG: oton PL 


548 


x 


3 


— 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxx. 24-31 


thereby inflict no injury upon the land of the Lazi, 
since they were utterly unable to cross the Phasis, in 
particular because no ships were at their disposal. 
For in depth this river is not inferior to the deepest 
rivers, and it spreads out to a great width. More- 
over it has such a strong current that when it 
empties into the sea, it goes on as a separate stream 
for a very great distance, without mingling at all 
with the sea-water. | Indeed, those who navigate in 
those parts are able to draw up drinking water in 
the midst of the sea. Moreover, the Lazi have 
erected fortresses all along the right bank of the 
river, in order that, even when the enemy are ferried 
across in boats, they may not be able to disembark 
on the land. 

The Emperor Justinian at this time sent to the 
nation of the Sabeiri.the money which had been 
agreed. upon, and he rewarded Goubazes and. the 
Lazi with additional sums of money. And it hap- 
pened that long before this time he had sent another 
considerable army also to Lazica, which had not yet__ 
arrived there. The commander of this army was 


5 
7 


Rhecithancus, from Thrace, a man of discretion and ~~ 


a capable warrior. Such then was the course of 
these events. 
Now when Mermeroes got into the mountains, as 


I have said, he was anxious to fill Petra with provi- -— 


sions from there. For he did not by any means 
think that the victuals which they had brought in 
with them would: suffice for the garrison there, 
amounting to three thousand men. But since the 
supplies they found along the way barely sufficed for 
the provisioning of that army, which numbered no 
less than, thirty thousand, and since on this account 


549 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


avTov ovder 6 Tt Kal Noryou afvov méwrrew és Thy 
Ilérpav olot TE hoav, Noyir dpevos edpurne odiow 
apewov eivar TO pev Tréov TOD OTpaTOD aTar- 
AdaocecOar ex Vis THs Konridos, oruyous S€ Tivas 
évraiba petvar, of oy) ewehrov TOV érritndeiwv ols 
ay EVTUYOLEV TOANA bev és ro év Tlétpa pudak- 
THptov exkopuiter bar, Tos 88 dAXous adror SiapKas 
32 ypnoPar dvSpas ovv és TEVTAKLTXIALOUS amro- 
AeEdpevos avtod elacey, ols én apxovTas adous 
33 Te Tpels Kal Pa Bprfov KATETTHOATO. mA€tous 1ep 
évTavba reitrecOar ov ot eokev é EROS eivat, 
monepiov ovdaph évT@v. avTos be 7 adh 
orpaTe és TH Tepoappeviay eXNav navxaten.e ev 
Tots argh AovBtos Xwptors. — 
TEVTAKLTXLALOL; émel eyyuTép@ TOV 
Aavtixis éoxarov HrOov, Tapa ToTapov Diow 
éotparomedevoavto dmavres, évOev TE Kar ONL- 
35 yous TeEpuLovTes ednifovro Ta exetvy xepia. Ov 
8) 6 TouBatns aic@suevos 76 AaytcOat ‘éré- 
oTEAXNE BonGeiv évtad0a orovon” dpdceuw ya 
ohict TOUS Tohepious Kaxov TL meya Suvare 
36 ésecOar. oO S€ KaTa TadTa errotet, mavrt TE TO 
Popatov oTpaT@ érrim poo Bev Met, év apiorepa 
EXOY motapov Paauwv, éws és X@pov adgixero eae: 
87. of Aafot éaTpatomedevovTo év 7H érép 


34 


37 moTapov 8x On. érbyxave be TauTy re pie’ 


SiaBaros OV; Orep “Peopaiou Hey Kab Mépoae 
amreipia TaV éxeivy Yopiov ws HKicta wvreTo- 
matov, Aafol pévror efera ra pevor évtai0a 
SueBnoav eLarwaiws Kal avepiryvuvto TO “Po- 
patov otpat@: Ilépcar 5é avdpas yidtous Tav 
év adios Soxiumv arroreEdpevor ereprpav, @s 


55° 


» 





eee ee 


—— 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, Il, xxx. 31-37 


they were able to send nothing at all of consequence 
to Petra, upon consideration he found it better for 
them that the greater part of the army should 
depart from the land of Colchis, and that some few 
should remain there, who were to convey to the 
garrison in Petra the most’ of the provisions which 
they might find, while using the rest to maintain 
themselves comfortably. He therefore’ selected five 
thousand men and left. them there, appointing as 


. commanders over them Phabrizus and three others. 


For it seemed to him unnecessary to leave more men 
there, since there was no enemy at all. And he 
himself with the rest of the army.came into Persar- 
menia and remained quietly in. the country around’ 


- Doubios. 


Now the five thousand, upon coming nearer. to the 
frontier of Lazica, encamped in a body beside the 
Phasis_ River, and from there they went about in 
small bands and plundered the neighbouring country. 
Now when Goubazes perceived this, he sent word 
to Dagisthaeus to hasten there to his assistance : for 
it would be possible for them to do the enemy some 
great harm. And he did as directed, moving forward 
with the whole Roman army with the River Phasis 
on the left, until he came to the place where the 
Lazi where encamped on the opposite bank of the 
river. Now it happened that the Phasis could be 
forded at this point,a fact which neither the Romans 
nor the Persians suspected in the least because of 
their lack of familiarity with these regions ; but the 
Lazi knew it well, and they made the crossing ~ 
suddenly and joined the Roman army. And the 
Persians chose out a thousand men of repute among 
them and sent them forth, that no one might advance 


554 


38 


39 


40 


4] 


42 


43 


4-4 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA — bet 


prj Tis érl 70 orpatomedoy KaKoupy yo ov ‘Tow. . 


avrep dvo én KaTag Kor? TPOTEpHTaVTES K 

Tapa Sofav € €s TOUS TroAEuLoUS ENTER TOKOTES | Tov 
mavra oro _eonyyerhay, dvd 62) ‘Peopaiot TE 
kat Aatoi Tots xerboLs eLarrwaiws énéaTn oa, 
ovodeis TE avToY Saduryeiy CONEY, arn’ ob wey 
TOAAOL Sup Oapnear, Twas O& auTay Kal Sop 
TavTEs oi TE appl TovBatynv cai Aaya Baio, TO 
TE peTpOV. ‘TOU Mysov orpatob Kal TO Ths 0800 
pos pabeiv i loxvoar, Kal én Tore autos Ta 
TmapovTa eXot- apavres ovv Travtt _T@ oTpaTe@ 
er avrous HET av; Sa pO wovpevor oTres Wines 


“qrov TOV vUKTODY emtméo over opiot TET pany 


vor Oe Kal pipeoe Hoav. ob ev oov Tépoat 
TONE MLLOV ovdey ep vO éyouvTes pax pov Twa ‘Omvov 
éxdBevdov: Tov TE yap TOTA/LOV dim opevTov @ovro 
elvat Kat TOUS XALovs, ovdevos odiow bmavrid- 
TAVTOS, emt pax poTarov TN 0d@ 6 iva. ‘Popaior 
be avrois Kal Aavol Gp8 pov Babéos dm pooddxnrot 
émumea ouTes Tous ev ere omvov aipoupévous 
ebpov, TOUS. dé dpte €& davoy laa Kal 
yupvous em TOV CTpwLaTaV. KElwévoUS. O10! 5) 
auTav ovdert és ary ideiv EvrnvéxOn, arn’ 
ot ev rela TOL KatarapBavopevor OuncKov, 
Tivas dé cal | Sarypnoav ot Tone pot; év Tots 
Kal TOV apXovr@v Eva retixnev eivat, Odiyor 
d€ Twes €v oKOTH Siapedyovres ér@Onoay. To 
Te or paromedsov ‘Peopator Kat Aagol aipodat on 
Ta onpeia mavra, Omrha te ToAXa Kal , Xernaes 

peydra ednioavro, kal immo Te Kar nypovey 
peya Te Xphua. emt fax potaTor Se tH SiwEw 
Tounoapevot Kat I8npias twoppw adixovto. év0a 


552 









SSS EEE ee ee 





HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxx. 37-45 


against the camp to harm it. And two of this force, 
who had gone out ahead of their fellows to recon- 
noitre, fell unexpectedly into the hands of the enemy 
and informed them of the whole ‘situation. The 
Romans, therefore, and the Lazi fell suddenly upon 
the thousand men, and not.one of them succeeded 
in escaping, but the:most of them were. slain, while 
some also were captured ; and, through. these. the 
men of Goubazes, and Dagisthaeus, succeeded, in 
learning the numbers. of the Median army and.the 
length of the journey to them and the condition in 
which they then were. . They therefore broke camp 
and marched against them with their whole army, 
calculating so that they would fall upon them well on 
in the night ; their own force amounted to fourteen 
thousand men. Now the Persians, having no thought 
of an enemy in their minds, were enjoying a long 
sleep; for they supposed that the river was impassable, 
and that the thousand men, with no one to oppose 
them, were making a long march somewhere: But 
the Romans and Lazi at early dawn unexpectedly 
fell upon them, and they found some still buried in 
slumber and others just roused from sleep and lying 
defenceless upon their beds. Not one of them, 
therefore, thought of resistance, and the, majority 
were caught and killed, while some also were captured 
by the enemy, among whom happened to be one of 
the commanders ; only a few escaped in the darkness 
and were saved. And the Romans and Lazi captured 
the camp and all the standards, and_ they also 
secured many weapons and a great deal of money as 
plunder, besides great numbers of horses and mules. 
And pursuing them for a very great distance they 
came well into Iberia... There»they happened upon 


: } 553 


\ 


J 


46 


47 


48 


49 


50 


PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 


54) Kab ddQous tual Tlepoay EVTUXOVTES TOANOUS 
ExXTeEWay. oOUTw pev eK ANavucis Tlépoae amtnda- 
fav, ‘Pepaior dé nat. Aafol ta.Te dda emer beta 
wal ddeupa TapmTrnOh évrabda evpovTes dmavra 
éxavoav amep e& TBypias ot BapBapor éemnyd- 
yovto €b @ és Tlérpav éoxopicovtar.! Aalov 
Te ToAXOVs éAitrovTO ev TH TTEVWTO, WS pHKETL 
Ilépcais és Tlérpav Ta emir deca eoxopiver@ac 
duvata ein, Edy Te TH addy Reta kal Tots ax pa 
A@TOLS avéarpepov. Kal réraprov @ Tos €rehevTa 
‘Popators Tis és Ilépoas éxexerpias, TptTov eat 
elkoo Tov eT OS. ‘Tovativavod Baciréws THY avTo- 
Kpatopa ap my, €xovTos. 

‘Toavyns Pi kaise ae EVLAUT@ TPOTEPOV 
Bacirer és Butdvrvoy HETATELTTOS 70. THM 
KOE yap Gcodapg TH Bagirid« emreyéveTo D7) 
TédELOS Hepa Tov. Biov. Tay pEVTOL mpoa dev 
aEvopatov aacacacbat ovd: orvoby éoxev, arr 
éml THS aKovoiov TYLAs lepeds éwerve’ KaiTou 
davracwa TO avOpwor@ éyeyover TOANEKIS WS 
eis Baciheiav api~era. tre? yap To Satwoviov, 
dmep és Ttods avOparrous apalfer Oa TéEpUKED, 
aro perSoven | Te Kab trp orépeov édmrideov Kpewav 
ols 89 ovK éml oreppas pivcews THv Siavotav 


2 éotdvat EvpBaiver. Kal ToUT@ your TO "Todvyy 


adXas TE ToNNas TEpaToroyoL davrdceis és del 
Tpovrcyov Kal ws Xpiy avrov TO Tod Adyovartov 
apmiaxer Oat TX AMA. Hv be TUS lepevs év Bu- 
Carri, AINE dvo Ma, os 87 Tey Keun dicov 
Tod. THs Lodias epod.. pudaxny elyev.  uiKa 
roivuv. “lwdvyns...amoOpiédpevos Ths iene Oa 


1 éoxouloovra:r VP: éoxoulowvra G. 


554 : 


—— a ee eee 


yw 





HISTORY ‘OF THE WARS, ILI. xxx. 45-54 


certain others of the Persians also and slew a great 
number. Thus the Persians departed fram Lazica ; 
and the Romans and Lazi found there all the supplies, 


including» great quantities of flour, which the: bar-~ 


barians had brought in from Iberia, in order to 
transport them to Petra, and they burned them all. 
And they left a large number of Lazi in the pass, so 
that it might no longer be possible for the Persians 
to carry in supplies to Petra, and they returned with 
all the plunder and the captives. And the fourth 
year of the truce between the Romans and Persians 
came to an end, being the twenty-third year of the 
reign of the Emperor Justinian. 

And John the Cappadocian one year before this 
came to Byzantium at the summons of the emperor. 
For at that time the Empress Theodora had reached 
the term of her life. However, he was quite unable 
to recover any of his former dignities, but he 
continued to hold the priestly honour against his 
will; and yet the vision had often come to the man 
that he would arrive at royalty. For the divine 
power is accustomed to tempt those whose minds are 
not solidly grounded by nature, by holding before 
their vision, on great and lofty hopes, that which is 
counted splendid among men. At any rate the 


549 A.D. 


marvel-mongers were always predicting to this John -. 


many such imaginary things, and especially that he 
was bound to be clothed in the garment of Augustus. 


Now there was a certain priest in Byzantium, _ 


Augustus by name, who guarded the treasures of the 
temple of Sophia. So when John had been shorn 


555 


iAivet ant hithsarvik pao +at Hirth hale 


~2ul te MSys Asaerod aliestig | ait hlod oh 


fits ond had adel? Wate 



















mpéppnois. He VSHE bin oe a aii 

G2 Beaty adh Ai EO Fite: 5 gant ASE i 
apa T silt. 400 whiz. ia af PH LhGl oct Fa 
Ase TS ceiiit sy 7 ff? Bee GN SF skys @ 


sunnier? bad edeobi wit saawse SopraF core 
aii 16 wer Tnaiivinswt sar aaied Tis A’ e 
ie ieetitiges | rons odt tw i 
aid Stato “hoy ait iedobsqge: aes fl “ado Be 
Ho" Sth eitt > ie acititesi2 od? i fraieheeereoe 
ff: ate SBE hi d. fi TOOL geared. 3 arity 3 ik: 4 
nldais Btivy ORG of x wavoH “Stil tod” fof intr: = 
ad tied ‘oidtiegib 15180} zait to yas “394 


fustri ad ol oo aatio fad SIOAEF ony Jorepbs a 
saivip ads to a tile ro%, te TUT, blagw 

ain, abnicey S208% saoris fyied of bas 191 eR, eA 
ainied anthlod i ose yd bahpuow bi vate 
4 pith jolt x aE e fiol bagstsony 16 seine i! 
9a3. aie "Tf tLh Ff a Sis - BOAR bibssiqa 
aslotie mis i ad ashi Hatberg oy sata DiI 21. j 
sd fodt PTaisoqes ‘beth buried a ati ant rig 
ure iA 16 fescue ote ci by: ee tole rod. ar vas (ashe ‘ 
aus ARs: “Ads iti restr winteso & Saws Si) Wi 

sit to estan et st BE sbrigersh gH a sitsneh eebas 
widtqee ie 


ve de te 


556 


- HISTORY OF THE WARS, II. xxx. 54 


and declared worthy of the priestly dignity by force, 
inasmuch as he had no garment becoming a priest, 

he had been compelled by those who were in charge 

of this business to put on the cloak and the tunic 

of this Augustus who was near by, and in this, | Mwe»- 
suppose, his prophecy reached its fulfilment. 


557 





Ing 
ms. 


— 
ae 








Ps 


12 A SAT 


eter pimnuih len ede lec Ooi 
Te otatps eee URE. Sue Vea yi 
“ygtaila itso ode -weduht yet-fs Neqraanetes 
MEE OLt Resa leato, hE a taey uh 
E neiilt iti fim ord 16300 bbe owes 

e setae Ape Tit ont ti boilossy ysodqoag: 


= \ 


- 





Abandanes, secretary of Chosroes, 
sent to Belisari us, Il. xxi. 1 ff. ; 
rt, I. “ne 13, 14 
Abas, 4 location, 1. xxix. 15; 
of the Romans, ib. 
Abocho sbenrabas: ruler of the Saracens 
of Arabia, presents the Palm 
Groves to to Justinian, I. xix. 10 ff. 
Aborrhas River, protects one side 


of Circesium, Il. v. 2; near 
Theodosiopolis, 1. xix. 29 
Abramus, becomes king of the 
Homeritae, 1, xx. 8 servile 
oes ee bapa two 
A armies 
pays se to the eins’ 


his idle promises to 
Jsthitan to invade Persin, I, Xx. 


Abyaus city o Ns sae al Sestus on 
Hellespon 
Acacius, father of pasta 11. xxi, 2; 
denounces Amaz to 9 the em- 
peror, IL ys rea- 
cherously, i. “i 5; his shame- 
less age as governor of Arme- 
nia, iii. 6, 7; slain by the 
Reaniagn 1 I. iii. 7 


with his army, I. xxiv. 1; the 
fire-sanctuary 
xxiv. 2; ahensonel by Chosroes, 

il. xxiv. 12 
Adergoudounbades, og “ chana- 
’-by Ci . vi. 16, 


hand of Chosroes, I. xxiii. 7 ff. ; 
betrayed by his son, I. xxiii. 13; 
his death, I. xxiii, 21 


Adolius, son of Acacius, an Arme- 
, urges severe treatment of 


Armenians, tm. iii, 10; com- 
mander of Roman cavalry, 
PROCOP, I. 


INDEX 


Il, xxi. 2, 18, 20; commands 
a detachment’ in an army to 
invade Persia, I. xxiv. 13; 
killed by a stone, Il. xxv. 35 
obi commander in Chalcis, 


i eo ate a thi 38 the city and 
ulispin Aethiopia, the city an 
A¢ harbour, distance from Auxomis, 
ip oF bo: home of a certain 
FO ery frader, 1 sti 4 3 
egyp pography, I. xix. 
John’ the Cappado an an exile 
there, I. xxv. 43; the pesti- 
lence’ there, I. 6 
Aeimachus, a butcher of Antioch, 
encounter with a Persian 
horseman, I. xi. 8 ff. 
Aelas, on the “‘ Red Sea,” I. xix. 


Aeti ; ag of their 
coun’ I. xix. the ships 
used t: ere, I. xix, Paks ie not 


produced there nor 
from elsewhere, I, xix, 24, 25; 
sought as oe er Justinian, 
2. Wakes ky 
unable to sbi, Sik ine the 
Indians, I 
‘a gumemny isha of Iphigenia, 
yee nd i. 

gesta, i.e., ‘ 

the Persian 
I. xxvi. 


Massagete 
oman army at one "battle 
I, xiii, 20, ony 39 44 
‘baat dara: gon of Sacci cice, 
king of the Saracens, marches 


559 


2 ger,”’ employed by 
be wih Tedessa, 


¥ 


INDEX 


with the Persian army, I. xvii. 1; 
his character and services to the 
Persians, I. xvii. 40 ff.; advises 
Cabades to invade}.Roman terri- 
tory south of the Euphrates 
River, 1. xvii. 30 ff.; retires 
with Azarethes before Belisarius, 
I. xviii. 9 ff.; brings charge 
against Arethas of violating boun- 
dary lines, U. i. 3: war -with 
Arethas, Il. xxviii. 12-14; sacri- 
fices to Aphrodite the ’son of 
Arethas, I. xxviii. 13; sought 
as an ally by Justinian, IL i. 13, 
iii. 47; accused. by "Justinian 
of violating the treaty, U1, iv. 21; 
a menace to ‘Syria and Phoe- 
nicia, Tl. xvi. 17; also to Leba- 
non, I. xix. 34 

Alani, their location, 11. xxix, 15; 
friends of the OME, ib. : 
neighbours of the Sunitae, I. xv. 
.1; persuaded by Goubazes to 

ally themselyes with him, I. 

xxix. 29 


Apes a people near the Taurus, 


Aidxehaer: son of Philip, fortified 
the Caspian Gates, 1. x.9; J at 
a compared with him, 11. ; 

Alexander, Bara to the 


ersians, 

Alexandria, ‘uisited yt the pesti- 
lence, Il. xxii. 6; citizens of, 
accused by John the Cappa- 
docian, I. gol 44 

Amazaspes, ephew of Symeon, 
made ruler certain Arm: enian 

es, IT. iii, 33 denounced to 
the emperor, II. ili, ;_ treacher- 
ously slain, 1. iii. 5 

Ambazouces, a Hun, offers to sell 
to Anastasius the control of the 
Caspian Gates, I. x. 10; his 
death, I. x. 12 

Ambrus, a Saracen Christian, saves 
oan ge from capture by 
Chosroes, Il. xx. 10, 14 

Amida, a ‘city on. the border 
between Armenia and Mesopo- 
forts, J ~ a 24 Li sHeterive, from 

yropolis, I. 3 ance 
from the Nymphius River, I. viii. 
22; from’ ‘Siphrios, I. viii. 10; 


560° 













at Peerigni My 5; : 
asamon, I ; Dealeged 4 
by Cabades, I. vii. 3, 12 
bravely defended, I. vii. 4, 12.39 
capeured by Osha a 
pesieged by the mans, I. ix. 
145 recovered by, the Homans ; 
y purchase, I. 3 cay 
tives of, geherousiy rated ed Dy 


to tae By om 4 
_ the Pohtal of the Cas 
Lx. 16, 1, Th xVh. & & SU 
bigs erie him by 
refuses 
Lite Gabetien f for a eae Ly 
shews favour 


polis, I. x 
xi, 1 


IL. a ae 
Anastasius oft Daras, Beaded 
tyranny there, I. xxvi. 8, IL. iv. 


b 

with Chosroes — e 

Sura, 1. ix. 10 . 
Anatolius, General of_ 

averts danger to, the em 

courtesy to ae S$ 

I. ii, 12-15 
Andreas, ie Byzani 

pin set whale peel I We 
Anglon, 


routed there na Xxv. 23 
Aniabedes, sent by 
ca a ’ Petra, I. xvii., 


aled Y Giese IL 
aieitons, = city : ‘in . Ae; 
John net Capi 


Te AR 
Antioch ‘its Satan, RE xe 


= 


2st 


emi eel 


INDEX 








86, I. viii. a ts 3, x. e2. situa- Arabian Gulf, called “Red Sea” 


: tion, mw. vi F viii. > ease by Procopius, I, xix. 2; its de- 

with which it might be cap- scription, I. xix. 2 ff. 
tured, I. xvii. 38; character Aratius, in company with Narses 
of the My aoe ed I. xvii. 37, defeats .Sittas and _Belisarius, 
I. viii. 6; distance from Beroea, I. xii. 21, 22; deserts to the 
I. vii. 2; from Seleucia, 1. xi. 1 ; Romans, I. xii. 22; xv. 31; sent 

visited — by | an earthquake, IL. to Italy, I. xii. 22° 

‘xiv. 6; e citizens propose to Arcadius, Roman emperor, when 
buy off Chosroes, Bites Vion tO ; about to die makes provision for 
M IL. viii. the safety of his heir, I. ii. 1 ff. 
1 ff.; the wall stormed by Archaeopolis, a strong city of 

Ch 8 ff.;  cap- Lazica, I. xxix. 18 
I. viii. 20 ff. ; Areobindus, son-in-law of Olyv- 
see inthe & rius, Roman general, I. viii. 1; 
Sn Ly ¢ e O flees with his army before Cabades, 
men of, check the victor- viii. 10, 11; summoned to 

in a street fight, yzantium, 1. ix. 1 
, ix. 53 citizens Aves. House’ of portion of the 
by the Persians, imperial residence in Byzan- 

* robbed tium, I. xxiv. 

ures by Chosroes, Arethas, son of Gabalas, made 
Il 65 in the king of the Saracens of Arabia 
. ix. 18, by Justinian and pitted against 
x. 6 s rtent Alamoundaras, I. xvii. 47, 48; 
of co pt, T,X with the Roman army, I. "xviii. 
Vi two women of 7 ; at the battle on the Euphrates, 
their te at the capture of I.’ xviii. 26, 35; quarrels. with 
the ye 353 Moe Alamoundaras, I . i. 3-7 3. joins 
of. ate te Belisarius in ’ Meso. tamia, I. 
Tr. ap ger xvi. 5; sent by Belisarius to 
in Ps under plunder Assyria, Dl. xix. 11, 


15 ff.; returns another way 
; es, serial laws Il. xix. 26 ff.; wages war ainst 
It. xiv. Alamoundaras, 1 tm. xxviii. 1 STH ; 

oS Tinbaes son of, sacrificed to Aphrodite, 
ae Te of eae a as xxvii. we la. nad 
° ; of te man, e ve 
Fe to the East, 1. xxv. 23 “ating against the Persians at 

pamea, city of Syria, m. xi. 2, 4; Edessa, Il. xxvi. 26, 27 

wood preserved Armenia, considered *by some to 
ves forth extend as far as Amida, I. xvii. 
he church, oat Armenians wage_war with 
~ te by Chos- Persia, I. v. 10 ff.; History of 


I. xi. 36 Arsaces, king of Armenia, w: 
ets sacri- a truceless war with Persia, 
. 13 I. v. 10 ff. ; slandered to Pacu- 

Aegyptian, manager rius, I. v. i6; vietim of strate- 
finances in the Roman aga m of cee, ‘bet ne to 

‘ confined 


in the. Prison it Oblivion, I. 
561 





PROCOP.—VOL. I. 0 0 


INDEX 


Ls 29 ff.; kills himself, I. v. 


Arsaces, last king of Armenia, 
gree We his kingdom to Theodosius, 
I 

Arsaces,; coulis die in Sura, killed 
while valiantly defending the 
city, Tl. v. 

Arsacidae, descendants of the 
Armenian king, Arsaces, I. iii. 
32; their be Me 11. iii. 35 

Arsinus River, tributary to the 
Euphrates, 1. xvii. 21 

Artabanes, son of John, of the 
Arsacidae, slays Sittas, 1. iii, 25 

Acteoraf suburb of Cyzicus, I. XXxv. 


Artemis among the  Taurians, 
sanctuary of, in Celesene, I. xvii. 
11; a sanctuary of, founded se, 
Orestes in Pontus, I. xvii. 
another in a Cappadots, I. tit F 

Arzamon, tamia, dis- 
tance Bom Constantine. I. viii. 10 

Arzanene, district of Armenia 
beyond’ the River Nymphius, 
I, viii. 21, 0. xv. 7; invaded by 
Celer, I. Vili. 21 

Ascan, a Massagete chief, at the 
- battle of Datak I. xiii. 21 xiv. 44; 
his exploits at the battie on the 
ee as amkee and his death, I. xviii. 


Asia, entered from the Hellespont 
by the Huns, 11. iv. 9 

Aspebedes, uncle of Chosroes, I. xi. 
5, xxiii. 6; negotiates a treaty 
with Celer, 1. ix. 24; shares 
command ‘of invading _ army, 
I. xxi. 4; put to death by 
Chosroes, I. xxiii, 6 

Aspetiani, their alliance with Sittas 
ee by * misunderstand- 


Il. xix. 

Athens, a city near Lazica, II. 
xxix. 22, xxx. 14 

Attachas place in Armenia, dis- 
ae rom Martyropolis, I. xxi. 


Augarus, toparch of Edessa, II. 

xii, 8; friend of A tus, I. xii. 
visit to me, atm 

off. ’: ; with difficulty persuades 


562 


poilius.” fat 40 
us, father of Jo! 
11. xxi. 2 









Augustus to allow him to return, 

mr. xii. 11ff.; receives: rom 

Aaah ak pe : 
rome for 

18: his € eply 


tae 





It. xxvii, 41 








adot est of 
Beales a 


poate fa Cais’ 









Bassaces, son-in-law of . John, 
accompanies him on a mission 
to Bouzes, I. iii, 29; escapes 
with his com ons from an 
ambush, Il. bP 30; leads an 


I. iii. 31; comes with Arme- 
to Byzantium, 1. xxi. 34 
is, trusted friend of the 
enian n king Arsaces, I. v. 17 ; 
ayed by Pacurius, I. v. 28 
Batne, eg seael one day’s journey 
distant from Edessa, I. xii. 31 
Be us, married to” Antonina, 
1. xxv. 11; in company with 
ittas invades Persarmenia, I. 
xii. 20, 21; defeated by_ Narses 
and tius, T. xii, 225 ap- 
pointed commander of troops in 
aras with Procopius his adviser, 
I. xii. 24; at the command of 
Justinian ‘undertakes’ to build a 
fortress 





y xiii. 9; in company with Her- 
mogenes prepares to meet the 
Persians at Taras, I, xiii, 12 ff. ; 
at the battle of Daras, I. xiii. 
19 ff.; sends letters to Mirranes, 
I. xiv. 1ff.,7; address to his 
. soldiers, I. xiv.. 20 ff. ; Bade 


me y eeaatie the Romans from 
the pee of the Persians, I. xiv. 
hurries to meet the invading 
aes oi Azarethes, I. xviii. 4; 
follows the retiring Persian army, 
eM xviii. 9 ff.; ridiculed by ~ 
I. xviii. 12; attempts to 
dissuade the Romans from attle, 
ed evil, 16 ff. ; aaeneted aR his 


xviii. 24; 

for be Wattie: I. vith 25, aye foete 
valiantly after . r . most of. the 
* Roman army had been peed, 
I, xviii. 41 ff.; returns to By- 
zantium in order to go against 
_.the Vandals, 1. xxi. 2; his share 

in anol ng tbe Bikes Alo 
I, xxiv. 
the ‘ag and sent. to Lib: aot 
xxvi, 1; victorious in It: 


‘ 


Bessas, a 


place ‘Cabade 
‘iin ie I, v. 2; imprisoned 


INDEX 


i. 1; brings Vittigis to Byzan- 
tium, I. iv. 13; shares the com- 
mand of the East with Bouzes, 


U, vi. 1; summoned from Italy 


to Byzantium, I. xiv. 8; sent 
against Chosroes, II. xiv. 8, 13; 
gathers an army in Mesopotamia, 
U. xvi, 1 fl. 5 invades. Persia. 
ll, xviii. 1 ff. 5 defeats Nabedes 
at Nisibis, 1. xviii. 24, 25; sends 
Arethas. into Assyria, i. ‘xix, 15 
attacks Sisauranon, I. xix. 4 ff. 
captures it, IL. xix. 24; holds 
consultation with commanders, 
Il. xix: 35 ff. ; returns to Roman 
territory, I. xix. 45; recalled to 
Byzantium, UJ. xix. 49 ; journeys 
swiftly to the East. to. confront 
Chosroes, Il. xx. 20; gathers an 
army at ‘Europum, Il. Xx, 24 ff. ; 
receives Abandanes, the envoy 
of Chosroes, I. xxi. 2 ff; forces 
Chosroes to retire, U. xxi. 21; 
gives John. of dessa .as a 
hostage, I. xxi. 27: his great 
fame, I. xxi. 28, 29; summoned 
to Byzantium, 1. xxi. 34 


Beroea, a town of Syria between 


Hierapolis and Antioch, 1. vii. 2; 
distance from Chalcis, 1. xii. 1; 
Chosroes demands money from 
the inhabitants, 1. vii. 5; the 
citizens retire to. the. aero 

Il. vii. 7; the lower city en 

by Chosroes ands a Jaree part “A 


it fired, 1. vii. 1 3. acro 
vallantly iy deen seninst Cho sins hos 
plight of the besieged, Il. meres 13: 


anne papitulstes te Chostoes, 
Il. vii 


Beros, a *rulian leatlan, encamps 


near. Martinus xxiv. : 
with Philemouth gf Petes 
into Persia, U0. xxiv. 18 . 

Goth, | officer in. the 
Roman arm ee ca 
mander in nity 


Bithynians hynians, aon “izuxine Se Sco, 
XXxviii 


Black Sea,’ am * ‘cuxine. 
Blases, brother of Peron, chosen 


of 


00 2 


INDEX 


aS blinded by Cabades, 1. vi. 


Blemyes, a people of upper Aegypt, 
I. xix. 28; receive annual pay- 
ment from the Roman emperor, 
I. xix. 32, 33; Diocletian pur- 
poses to hold them in check by 
means of the Nobatae, I. xix. 30 ; 
their religion, I. xix. "35, 36 

Bleschames, commander of the 
Persian soldiers in Sisauranon, 
I. xix. 3; sent to Byzantium 
by Belisarius with Persian ca 
tives, I. xix. 24; sent to Italy 
by J ustinian, Il. xix. 25 


Blue Faction, their struggles with 


the Green Faction, I. xxiv. 2—6 
favoured by Justinian, Il. xi. 32; 
in the Nika insurrection, I. xxiv. 
7 ff.; also called the “‘ Veneti ” 
Blue Colonnade, in Byzantium, 
1. xxiv. 49 
Boas River, considered by Proco- 
pius the ‘upper portion of the 
ace . xxix. 14-16 
Bocas a ¥ ersian ermriys 1. xii. 10 
fortress Bersarmenia, 
sat which were te ge mines 
of the Persian ra xv. 18; 
betrayed to ‘Romans by 
Tsaac, I. Xv. gn 33 : its return 
demanded by Chosroes, I. xxii. 
3; given up by the ‘Romans, 
I. xxii. 18 
Boraedes, nephew of Justinian, 
assists in making MHypatius 
prisoner, I. xxiv. 53 
sie a city on the Euxine, 
. xii, 7; citizens of, put them: 
savel under the sway of Justi- 
nus, I. xii. 8; en accused 
of seizing it, 11. iii. 40 
Bouzes, brother of ‘Coutzes, com- 
mander in Lebanon, I. xiii. 5; 
sent to support Belisarius at 
Mindouos, =e commander in 
I. xxi. 5; at the 
battle o' Decks: I, xiii. 19, ede 


31 
Bast with Belisarius i vi. 1; 
makes suggestions as to ‘the de- 


564 
















fonee ue ty bs ee 
abandons e city, I. 8; 
prevents the citizens of "pads 
from ransoming the captives of 
Antioch, 11. xiii. 6; favours in- — 
vasion of Persia by e ue) 1. o 
xvi. 16; takes re with 
Justus in Hierapolis, 1. Clan: 3 
they invite Be lus to heer’ 
them, If. xx. 21 ff.; A 
come to him at ‘Europum, 11. 


Braducius, interpreter of ieee 
gousnas, II nxvl 1 Re 
Bronze Gate, the a 

palace in Byeantiune. 1 . 47 
cae - harbour of the ae 


9 ff. ; 
roes contemplates its capture by 
way of the Bent ah 


: iv. teak 
tions into the Persian govei 
ment displeasing i the Bs De 


vi. 15, 18; deposes ‘piace, 1. vie 
17; institutes a Anat 1. vig 


for a loan, I. vii. 
Roman territory, 7 ai 3; 
request of Jacobus, the 
I. vii. 9-11; 


to Baradotus’ by — 
‘stantina, M1. xiii. 























I. xiii. 9 ff. ; retires in order to 
Siaae an invasion of the Huns, 
I. viii. Caspian 


Seoses, I. oY 

36. 37s bios t to” force the Ibe- 

rians to adopt the Persian reli- 

. gion, I. at 2 ff.; sends an army 

against them, I. xii, 10; sends 
an any, into Roman ‘Armenia, 

1; his gold mine at Pha- 

Hie shh? J. xv. 27; deprived of 
og syerene the: m, I... Xv. 
treats with the ambas- 

Pettey ‘Rafinus at Daras, I. xvi. 
de 3 nee Perozes, I. xvii. 
: ar a new campaign 
‘tga. he Saari I, xvii.. 29; 

Alamoundaras, L 

xvii. 30 ied adopts the sugges- 
tion of ‘Alamoundaras, I. xviii. 1; 
Sea Azarethes, I. xviii. 


xxi. bought 

m "the E ithalites a 
last ess, I. xxi. 

* his ability as a ruler, 


pot son of Zames, Pk ~ set 
him. oe a, Persian e in 


place o a 4; 
ordered he te Killed by Chosroes, 
xxiii. 7; escapes by the help 
Be the. chiawaran es, I. xxiii. 9 ff. ; 
J name enter- 
by Justinian in Byzan- 


Jadiseni, in the Persian army at 
the battle of Daras, I. xiv. 38, 39 
esar, a title used by the Per- 

sians to designate the Roman 

emperor, I, xxi. 9, xi. 35 

es ha the home of Procopius, I. 


sus, a Homerite, of captain’s 
rank, a fugitive because of 
der committed by him, 
. Xx, 9,10 


INDEX 


Cndlinteree city of Mesopotamia, 
xi. 28; on the SUpRERDe 
be xviii. 13; Rom army 
conveyed thither by opis after 
the battle on the Euphrates, 
I, xviii. 50; taken by Chosroes, 
II. xxi. 30 ff. 
Candidus, priest of Sergiopolis, 
makes agreement a Chosroes, 


I. xi. 83 y his father, 

Hig Ix. ; 125 walter, the throne 

of ME regal ry the death of 

Cabades xxi. 20; prevented 

| Mebodes from becoming 
I. xxi. 2' 

Chemniode pe Se of. Asia em- 
bracing a portion of the Taurus, 
I. X. 1; desired by Chosroes, 
I. ner eel 23; visited by Orestes, 
Ix 

Carrhae, city of Mesopotamia, citi- 
zens of, offer money to Ch 
I. xiii, 7 ; able to see the smoke 
of the. burnin ‘ agger ”’ 
Edessa, U. xx 

Caspian Gates, their location and 
strategic importance, 1. Xe aes 
fortified by mre one - /X.D5 


offered to bese om ba- 
zouces, I. X. 
Cabades, I. x. 12. go 443 se 


b: acted by. the Persians, 
I..x. 21 

Cassandria, known in, ancient 
times as Potidaea, captured 
by the Huns, I. iv. 5 

Catholicos, title of the priest, of 
Doubios, 0. xxv. 4 

Caucasus Moun 


inhabited. b , Huns I. xv..3, 
ba xxviii. by Alani, ete., 
xxix. barbarians. in, 


ae 
Pela tin peak by Lazica, 1. 
Xxviii. Bs 
Celer, Roman general, I.. viii. “2: 
invades Arzanene, I... viii, , 21, 
u. xv. 7; with pale and 
Le heen tt a ia 


in Armenia, 1. 
565 


INDEX 


Xvi O17, 213 ery ceed of 
Artemis there, ¥. xvii. 
Meo re a district of ‘Antioch, 


Chaleis, city in Syria, re 
from’ Gabbouton, I. xviii. 8; 
from. Beroea, I. xii. 1; saved 
from’ Chosroes by money pay- 
ment, 1. xii. 1, 2 

Chanaranges (lit. * Commander of 
the Frontier archery ny aun 
term ‘for ‘* genera 
12, xxiii. 7 

Chanaranges, Persian general, 
shares el ae of invading 
army, I. xxi. 4; besieges Martyr- 
cea - xxi.’ 14, 155 retires; 


Cherson, a city at the limits of 
Roman territory on the Euxine, 
I. Xi, 

Chersonests, its wall assailed by 
the Huns, I. iv. 8 

Chorzianene, place in Armenia, 
Eruli encamp there, I. xxiv. 14 

eno y, third son ‘of Cabades, 

;  Cabades proposes to 

i mathrita that he adopt Chosroes 
I. xi. 6 ff. ; Ch. awaits outcome of 
fdectiaticns regarding his adop- 
tion by Justinus, I. xi. 27; re- 
tives jr anact tc Persia, I. xi. 30; 
declared by Cabades in his tes- 
tament successor to the throne 
of Persia, I. xxi. 17 ff.; his 
election to the kingship, f. xxi. 
22; meets Roman ambassadors 
on the Tigris, I. xxii. 1 ff. ; fail- 
ure of their negotiations, I. xxii. 
12 ff.; grants the prayer of 
Rufinus, 1 . xxii. 15; concludes 
the ‘‘ endless peace. 21 Xxii. 16, 
17; his unpopularity among the 
Persians, I. xxiii. 1-3; plot to 
ethrone him, I. xxiii. 3 4 
slays Zames and other male rela- 
tives, I. xxiii. 6; orders the 
chanaranges to slay ores, 
son of Zames, I. xxiii. hears 
from Varrames how fk 
had been spared, I. xxiii. 13; 
his punishment of Adergou- 
dounbades, I. xxiii, 14 ff.; de- 
stroys Mebodes, I. xxiii. 25 ff. ; 
vexed at Roman successes in 


566 


Libya 
share ‘of th 


sadors of V ey 
receives an embassy. a 
Armenians, It. iii, 32 ff. 

to open hostilities 

by rusting By 

y Ju an by. 

17 ff.; detai 


Sura, besieges the city, 
captures it as a strat 


the etc sa 
promises to di 
for ten centenat re 
demands money 
I. vii. ta : 


1 ff.; his hesitation ina 
the Persians to en 
ll. viii. 22-24, ie ic 

Il. ix. 8-12; orders t 
of Ant CH, Il. ix, 1 





INDEX 


ea, I. xi. 
¥ and seizes 


xii. 3 ff. ; eager to capture 
because of the belief of the Christ- 
ians ee it could og be 
tured, 1. xii. 6 ff., 


: none by the citizens of Carrhae, 

; accepts money from 

the citizens of Constantina, 1. 

his " phos Co iy 
ib poseescioe y inheritance 

18% besieges Daras, Wi. xi. 

28, xiii. 16; abandons the siege 

t "Daras upon seein’ of money, 

1. xiii, 28; charged by Justinian 

with breaking the A eety, It. xiii. 

29; provides a home for i 
staves of Antioch, I. xiv. 1 ff 

called ed in by the Lazi, Il, Xv. L 

12 ff. ; prepares to in ade Lazica’ 


Ul. Xv. 31-35 ; Ee ius sent 
against him, Il. es 8; invades 

ca, TL. commands 
an attack to Be aie on Petra, 
u. xvii. 4; impales Aniabedes, 
i. xvii. 113; besieges Petra, m 
xvii. 13 ff.; captures Petra, 1 
xvii. 27; retires from Lazica 
lly X 48 ; ae ae ae oF 


Roman territory, U. xx. 

bara: Pap Sergiopolis in an 
punishes aac: 

the prest ‘of Me opolis, I. xx. 

2 en im ar oe trea- 

sure from Ser 


44 Ls 
sends envoy Ce eiamtion 
xxi. 1, 23; retires before Beli. 
sarius, II. xxi. 15 ff.; crosses the 
Euphrates by a bridge, t. xxi, 213 


‘se 2 


takes Callinicus, 1. xi. 28, xxi. 
30-32; receives .the hos’ f 
John, “i. xxi. 27; awaits t 
Roman envoys at Fees hs 
Ue 9 ABBA) a army 

by the pestilence, IT. oor: 8, 12; 
retires from Adarbiganon “into 
Assyria,’ Il. xxiv. 12; * fourth 
invasion of Roman territory 
Hixxy; tif; ¢ makes an attemp t 
upon Edessa, Il, XXvi. 
comes to terms with the éttazeds 
of Edessa, IT. xxvii. 46; arranges 
a five-year truce with Constan- 
tianus and Sergius, U. xxviii. 
7 ff.; lays. plans to capture 
Daras and secure his possession 
of Lazica, I. x 15 ff. ; 
attemps to capture Daras by a 
ruse, If. xxviii. 31 ff. ; te a 
build a fleet in the Euxine 
xxix. 1; sends Phabrizus into 
Lazica to destroy Goubazes, I 
xxix, 2 ff.; sends an army to 
relieve Petra, 1. xxix. 13 

Christ, suffered in Jerusalem, I. 
xi. 14. See “ Jesus.’ 

Christians, converted two temples 
into churches, I. xvii. 18; boast 
that Edessa cannot be captured, 
Il. xii. 7; reverence especially 
the feast of Easter, 1. xviii.15; 
the Lazi and Iberians evout 
Christians, I. xii. 3, 0.. xx : 
among the _Homeritae, abileed 


by Jews 
Cilidia, the Vetugd oot Ephraemius, 
Il. vii. ; and Germanus, I. 


vii. 18 

Cilicians the objective of cute 
roes’ invasi asion, I. v. 4, vi. 

ey screens, used at, the ae 

of Edessa, 11, xxvi. 29 

Circesian': Roman stronghold on 
the Eu hrates, I. Fy 23. its 
excellen defences, t, 35 

Cit! n, fortress in “Arnot 
snr ge! from Theodosiopolis, 

II. xxiv. 

Colle ihe old name for Lazica 
q.v.), 1. 

Comana, ealled ee Golden Comana,” 
a city of Cappadocia founded 
by Orestes, I, xvii. 19 

Comana, city in Porten founded 


567 


INDEX 


by Orestes, not the one “ hms 
the Taurians,” I. xvii. 

Comet, The, its appearance in the 
heavens, I. iv. 1, 2; various 
explanations of the tpening 
of the phenomenon, I. iv. 3 

Commagene, old name for Eu- 

phratesia, I. xvii. +) | ee A 
17; ae ee by the Persians, 
» 4 x 

Constantianus, an Tah, Il. xxiv. 
4; envoy Chosroes. with 
Sergius, 11. xxiv. 3; appointed 
general, Il. xx 2: sent as 
envoy to Chosroes with Sergius 
a second time, H. xxviii. 3 

ce gd city in Mesopotamia, 

xxii. 3; distance from Arza- 
=i I. viii. 10; Cabades_ de- 
fe gie of capturing the city, 
xiii. 8; spared by Cabades 
anit to the Entredticn of Bara- 
dotus, I. xiii, 13 ff.; claimed 
by Chosroes ‘as an’ inherited 
possession, IT. xiii. 8, 15; citizens 
of, their offer of money ‘accepted 
by Chosroes, II. xiii. 8. 

Constantine, Forum of, in Byzan- 
tium, I. xxiv. 9, 24 

Coutzes, Roman "general, brother 
of Bouzes, sent ones 
Belisarius at Mindouos, I. : 
ca meet by the Persians, I. 


town on the _ Tigris, 
lm. xxviii. 4-5; distance from 
the pee of Chosroes, I. 


oni 
commander at the 
Crrattle o of, cers: I. xiii. 21 
Be oe king of the Persians, Il. 


Cyzicus John the Cappadocian 
exiled thither, 1, xxv. 31 


Dagaris, a Roman spy, " captured 
by Huns, ft. xv. 6; returned to 
the Romans, I. xxii. 18; his 
later services to the Romans, 
I, xxii. 19 

Dagisthaeus, commands an. army 
to succour the Lazi, 0. xxix. 
10; with Goubazes __besieges 
Petra, I. xxix. 11 ff.; sends 

i. an insufficient force to guard 


568 


the pass into Lazica, U. xxix. 
33-84; his incompetent con- 
duct. of ‘he siege of 

xxix. 34 ff. ; deceived by 


sians, Il. xxx. 39 ff. . 


rooted , IL. xiv. 5 
Daras, a city in , 
fortified y Anastasius, 1. x,133 — 
distance m Nisibis and the 
Persian boundary, I.. x. 14; 
from Ammodius, 1. xiii. 15; 
its formidable PER og ion. @ 
17; a menace to the preps 


I. xvi. 6 ;. battle of, 1. xiii. 12 ff 
the Persians d d ; 
walls be demo 5: Le Koes 
its abandonment by the Roman 
army a condom nf s. ‘a oe 


a settlement ant 
Il. xiii. 28; Chosroes plans | 
capture it by a Fae . xxviii. 


17; ee of the attempt, 0. 
xxviii. 31 ff. dha 

Death, Gate of, in Byzantium, 
I, xxiv. 52 


jc i as 


Diocletian, Roman emperor read- 
juste the Roman boun dary in 
t, I. xix. 29 ff. ; builds 
oe reese 
yt ag a 
aw of cavalry, I. po 
Domentiolus commands a detach- 
ment of an army to invade 
Persia, I. xxiv. 15 z 
Dorotheus, a Roman com * 
at. the battle of Daras, I ee 
Dorotheus, general of 
eee pe at 
L., XV. makes a anil face ry | 
Batals upon the Persian army, — 


| 
Doubios, “histtict in Persarmenia, 


aa 





















urge the Homans to 
Il, xxiv, 6, 


Easter, its especial observance by 
the I. xviii. 15 


Edessa, the centre of so-called 
Osroene, I. xvii. 24; Meso- 
potamia, U. xxiv. 4; Augustus 
mises to build a a, hippodrome 


the wit 8;. the 
ape a i (ER iag 
. xii, 8 tizens of, con- 


i captured by barbarians,. 0. 
;.. the letter of 


of Augarus, 0. xii. 28;. citizens 
of, destroy the Persian 
and give back the city the 
ona Tl. xii. 29; citizens 
Chosroes two centenaria, 
ait 34; their zeal to ransom 
the captives of Antioch frus- 
Cabad Y aes : of subine 
¥ es des.rous My ne g 
the city, 1. xii. 6, 1, xiii. 8; 
ndons _ his She upon 


tl. xxvi. 
of Sergius, 


lest of An- 
treason by 
retires to 


i ad, 
Ephthalitae Thine called White 
. 1,2; wage war with 


Perozes, I. iii. 1 ff. ;. entrap. the 
army, I. iii. 8 ff.; in a 





iho 
it, M1. xiii. 9 ff.; at- 


INDEX 


second war with Perozes com- 


5 . 
Cabades after his escape from 
the Prison of Oblivion, 1. FO 10; 
Cabades owes their king mone 


I. vii. 1, 2; punished for impie y 
towards Jacobus, the _ hermit, 
I. vii. 8; eight hundred Eph. 


killed by the Persians, I. viii. 13 
Eruli, accustomed to t without 
protective armour except 
shield, 0. xxv. 27, m2 in the 
Roman army, I. xxi. in the 
Roman army at the “tthe of 
Daras, I. xiii. 19, xiv. 33, 393. 
under Mundus, I. xxiv. 41; in 
the army of Valerianus, 11. xxiv. 
12; with the army of Martinus, 
Il. xxiv. 14; follow Peter into 
Persia, I. xxiv. 18; in the 
battle’ of Anglon, I, XXY. 20 ff. 
Esimiphaeus, established as king 
of the Homeritae, I. ya de 
deposed by insurgents, I 
pales iste promise to J adtinlan’ : 


Eu; heli daughter of John the 
appadocian I. xxv. 13 
Euphemia, captive of Sura, married 
by Chosroes, I. v. 28 
Euphratesia, ancient name of 
Commagene, I. xvii. 2, 23, 1. xx. 
Like 20 5 chosen by Azarethes 
as the starting point for an in- 
vasion of Roman territory, I. 
zane 2 
uphrates EiNth, reer source in 
enia, I. xvi disap 
ina strange marsh, i. xvii. Om; 
its. course from Célesene as 
as the junction with the sort 
I. xvii. 21, 22; receives the 
waters of the Aborrhas, Il. v. 2; 
protects one side of ircesium, 
2b.; important battle on its 
banks, 1. xviii. 30 ff, 
Europe, {invaded by the Huns, 
I. iv. 4 ff, 
Europum, on the Euphrates, head- 
quarters of Belisarius while 
recruiting his army, I, xx. 24, 


Eusebius, Roman ambassador to 
569 


INDEX 


the Persian king Perozes, I. iii. 8 ; 
warns Perozes of the strata m 
of the Ephthalitae, I. iii. 
Eusebius, bishop of Cyzicus, Mad 
dered by the citizens, I. xxv. 


Buxine Sea, receives the waters 
of the Phasis, 0. xxix. 16; 
Chosroes desires an outlet to it? 
1. xxviii. 23 

Evaris, builder of a temple of 
Michael at Tretum, near An- 
tioch, 1. xi. 7 


Florentinus, a Thracian, distin- 
uishes himself at the battle of 
atala, I. xv. 15, 16 


Gabalas, a Saracen, father of 
Arethas, I. xvii. 47 
Galatians, on the Euxine, 1. 28, 


23 

Gabboulon, distance from Chalcis, 
1. xviii. 8 

Gaza, limit of Arabia in olden 
times, I. xix. 20 

Gelimer, brought captive to Byzan- 
tium by Belisarius, 0. xxi. 28 

George, confidant of Belisarius, 

rsuades the inhabitants of 
isauranon to capitulate, I. xix. 
22, 23; saves the city of Daras, 
Il. xxviii. 33 f. 

Germanus, nephew of Justinian, 
Il. vi. 9; commander at the 
battle of Daras, I. xiii, 21; sent 
to meet the invasion of Chosroes, 
ll. vi. 9; establishes himself in 
Antioch ‘and inspects the forti- 
fications, 11. vi: 10; retires into 
Cilicia, I. vii. 18 

Glones, a Persian, in command of 
the garrison in Amida, I. vii. 33 ; 
ed ae by a stratagem, Ere 

son of, I. , 18 

Govlidiskaae a Goth. ‘an officer in 
the Roman army, I. viii. 3 

Gorgo, city of the Ephthalitae, 


against the Persian frontier, 
1. iii. 2, iv. 10 
Goths, ‘march with  Belisarius 


against ee Il. xiv. 10, 
xviii. 24, xxi. 4 
Goubazes, kin 
councillor o 


57° 


of Lazica, privy 
Justinian in ab- 


entia, I. tite. 3 vés hin 
self an d pie over 
e,: 






arded with ‘money i yada. 
Ww: with ‘mone ; 
nian, I. xxx. eit 


: 28 > 
thaeus attacks and almost a 
a 


“3 the Persians, Il. XXX. 


Caslaraiil! king of Iberia, revolt 
from the Persians, I. 
II. Xv. 6, xxviii. 20; retires bet 
he eri army in aye 
I 

Gousanastades, chanaranges” 44 
counsels the, execution of 
bades, I. Ye ; put to death 
Cabades, 1 


se vi by | the Hue. 


11 
Greeks, The, 1. xix. 85000 
Green Faction, their sugges 


with the Blue Faction, I. 
eng ; in the Nika ins 
xxiv. 7 ff.; favoured — 
honeoee at ay 1. xi, 2 
Hebrews, of Iotabe, ec the. 


tonomous, become *ubjood 
mans, 
Helen, malnak Dare fom, in 


Byzantium, I xxiv. 3 
Hellenic faith, The, Fe. Fee 1;: v.10 
Hellestheaeus, king of ethio- 


pians, his expe tone 4 
the H 


Scrhesthan at Tioxx. Vl iis 
vain preonec to Justinian, 
xx. 9 ff 
Hermogenes, Roman genie | 
to assist Beller e 
in sean sage with 3 
ares 

aras, 4 


. mL ee ah a ae 
battle of Darae, 9 ff. ; 
forbids Andreas HE in 





; 







ee ee . 


epee ee Liss ete 


4 


en sities 





INDEX 


Shale gt letter vith i Birores, 
0 etters erozes, 
1. xv Ry dress to the 


dian 20. oe arrays the 

ab vat the second day-ot the 
tle By Daras, T. xiv. 

of Daras, I. xiv. 44: 


mbassador He the Rinpetor, 
I. xviii. 16; negotiates un- 
successfully osroes, I 
xxi. 1; accom es the army 
of Sittas as dor, I. xxi 


¢ - ambassa aA. 
'10, 23; ambassador to’ Chos- 
ee ae 
es' é 
the the Persian fire-divinity, Il. xxiv. 


2 
it "ef city on the. Euphrates, 
xiii. 1, xvii. : istance 
iam Berova | and Antioch, . 


n for its Uétorise’ 

Ir. vi. 3 ff, ; Y debate by Bouzes, 

i vi. 7,8; saved from Chosroes 

aa payment of money, I. vi. 

24; Justus ss Bouzes take 
"there, Il. 

Hostal c bowmen, Phe vhted with 

bp ae of Procopius’ time, I. i. 


Homestiee, ple of Arabia, sought 
Bea ustinian, I. xix. 1, 

sia vit zm, location i) 

= -15;. domestic con- 
flixts a and | intervention ‘of Helles- 


theaeus, I. xx. 1 ff. 

Honorius, Emperor of the West, 
uncle Fey gi , unable to 
assist him, 1. ii. ° 


Huns, a Sauadic Deol, of ugly 


countenance, I. iii. 4; their 
homes, I. x. 6, xii ae 7 a xv. 3, 
xxviii, 22; with 


‘their 
Cabades, T. viii. 19, ix. 194, % ae 
It. Xvi. 3; Justinian aitenipts is 
win their support, i. 14 asf 
xy 18; cepure a Roman spy 
ck of, feared by ihe 
adios Ta Martyropolis, Li = 
27; invade Roman territory 
xxi. 28; often defeated by a 


garis, I. xxii. 19; regeiving an- 


past as from the Rom mans, 
held back by the 
ee He. xv.~3 3 the army 


of Chosroes, am xxvi. 53 assist 
the Romans in the defence of 
Edessa, I. serie 26, ‘264 

. invade ope iyi". athe 
cross the Hellespont into Asia, 
il. iv. 9; plunder Tiyricum and 
Thessaly and Greece as far as 
the Isthmus, I. iv. 10-12 

Hypatius, nephew of Anastasius, 
I. viii. 2; his army routed by 
Cabades, I. viii. 10-18; his 
escape, I. viii. 19; sent as envoy 
to the Persians, I. xi. 24; slan- 
dered by Rufinus, I. xi. 38; his 
punishment, I. xi. 39; sent from 
the palace by J ustinian, I. xxiv. 
19-21; declared emperor by 
the populace, and conducted 
to the hi podrome, I. xxiv. 22 f. ; 
his wife , 1. Xxiv. 23; takes 
the taigetor $ seat in the’ hippo- 
drome, I. xxiv. 42; brought 
before’ Justinian as a ne 
I. xxiv. 53; meets death 
bravely, I. xxiv. 55, 56 


Iberia, Iberians, a Christian 
people, side with the Romans, 
I, xii. 2 ff:, 0. xv. 6; come 
Byzantium, 1. xii. 
choice of remaining in 
tium or returning to 
homes, I. xxii. 16; diatitied 
with Persian rule, WI. xxviii. 


0, 

Ildiger, in the army of Martinus, 
Il. xxiv. 13 

Ilyricum, invaded by the Huns, 

iv. 5, 10 

inmaitele a detachment of the 
Persian army, I. xiv. 31; te the 
battle of Daras, I. xiv. 44 ff. 

in. washed by the ead Sea,” 
1. xix. 3; boats in, tale to 
account. for their construction 
without iron, I. xix. 23, 
iron not produced there nor 
imported from elsewhere, I. xix. 
24-26; silk export, I. Xx. 9, 12; 
its trade with oubios, IL. xxv. 8 

lonian Gulf, 1. iv. 4 


571 


INDEX 







Totabes pn taland fo tip “* Red Sea,” omer slain by, Bouzes, I. iii. 
Iphigenia, the story of her flight John, son of Basilius, a notable of 
wom e sanctuary of Artemis, Edessa, given as a hostage to 


xvii. 11 ff.; temple dedicated Chosroes, I. xxi. 27, 833... 
to her by Orestes, I. xvii. 18 John, an Armenian, son of Thomas 


Iris River, in Pontus, I. xvii. 14 Gouzes, in the Roman army, 
Isaac, brother of Narses, betrays Il, xxx. 4 S- wiette 
Bolum to the Romans andcomes John the Cappadogian, praetorian _ 
as a deserter to Byzantium, I. prefect, I. xxiv. 11; hisc¢ 2 
xv. 32, 33; commander in and abilit + I. xxiv. 12-15, xxv... 
Armenia, I. xxiv. 143 carries 8-10; esteemed by Justi- 
his brother Narses out of the nian, I.. xxv.) 5, 25, 333. o. 
battle of Anglon, M1. xxv. 24 missed from office, I. xxiv. 3 
Isaurians, in the Roman army, restored to office, I. xxv. 1; 
, 


I.. xviii. 5; commanded by hated by Theodora, I. xxv. 4-7 
Longinus and Stephanacius, I. hostility to Belisarius, I. xxy. 
xviii. 7; at the Lattle on the 12; entrapped by Antonia. I, 
Euphrates, I. xviii. 38) their xxv. 13 ff.; ;forced to become 
inexperience in war, I. xviii. 39 a priest and exiled to Cyzicus, 
Isdigerdes, Persian king, guardian I, xxv. 81; looks forward con- 


of Theodosius, I. ii. 7 ff. fidently. to becoming e 5 
Isdigousnas, hes Rereae official, I. xxv. 8, 19, 44, Tl. xxx. 50 ss 
Ul. xxviii. mployed by his easy lot in Cyzicus, I. xxv. 
Chosroes tad Suan urtherance 34, 35; aonieed of the murder 
of his plans, 1. xxviii. 17; at- of Eusebius xxv. 39; his 
tempts to capture Daras_ for treatment at. the trial, I. xxv. 
Chosroes by a ruse, II. xxviii. 40; his. punishment, I. xxv. 
31 ff.; continues to  Byzan- 42, 43; imprisoned in the city 
tium as an envoy, Il. xxviii. of Antinous in Aegypt, 1. wf 
38 ff. oe TOPs » to B eee 
Isis, worshipped by +e Blemyes ( 
and Nobatae, I, xix. 3 fulfiment of his dreams i. "a 
italy, subdued by ‘belisarius, UN. 54; et daughter Eu a ; 
I. XXV i 
John, son. of cee Roman offi 
Jacobus, a holy man among. the captured by cas, Roman oficer, 
Syrians, I. vii. 5 ff os . 48, 44 


Jason, the tale of his adventure. John, commander. of troops in 
with Medea in Colchis, 11. xvii. 2 Mesopotamia, arrests the ie 


Jerusalem, the ee of. Christ’s ferpreten gt Vii 3 envoys 
uffering, Il. xi. its trea- xiv. 
iag 3 desired ‘ye “Ghbanteas Il. Persians before Hieibis m. aa 
Xx. 
Jesus, iis life and work in Pales- John, son of Betas 
tine, Il. xii. 22, 23; invited by commander pte i 
Augarus to come to Edessa, Daras, I. 
Il. xii. 24; his reply, in which sarius to ane, "irom Meso 
he promises health to Augarus, tamia, Il. xix. 36 ff.;, wie 
Ul. xii. 25. See also “ Christ.” mands a detachment ie 
Jews, oppress the Christians among to invade Persia, I. 
the Homeritae, 1. xx..1, See John, son of Rufinus, py as 
also ‘‘ Hebrews.” bassador if Chosroes, I. vii. 15, 


John, father of Artabanes, of the 
Arsacidae, 11. ili. 25; treacher- . Jobu ‘taibus, governor of Lazica, 


572 





INDEX 


Petra, 0. xv. 10; monopolises 

' the retail trade, 1. xv. 11, xxix. 

21; valiantly defends Petra, 

i. xvii. 5 ff.; killed by a missile, 
I. xvii. 16 

Song eer, eel 

y a ‘as, 

1. xvi. 5-12; his‘death, I. xxvi. 


2 
John the Glutton, a guardsman, 
sent with Arethas in 


to Assyria, 

-} commands a 

detachment in an army. to in- 
Persia, i. xxiv. 15 

Julian, sanctuary of, in Antioch, 


m. x. 8 

Julian, brother of Summas, envoy 
to the Aethiopians and 
itae, I. xx. 9, 1. i..10; private 
secretary of Justi 


ambassador to Chosroes, I. vii. 
15; forbids giving money to 
and denounces Ephrae- 

mius, I. vii. 16 : 
Justinian, ee opera of Justinus, I. 
xi. 10; great love for his 
wife Theodora, I. xxv. 4; favours 
ado f Chosroes by his 
. 10; as 
I. xi. 16, xii. 21; be- 
comes emperor m the death 


of Justinus, I. 1; orders 
the b of a fort in Min- 
douos, I . 2; appoints Beli- 
sarius General of East, I. 
xiii. 9; makes thas com- 
mander of many tribes, I. xvii. 

; Arethas Ala- 
moundaras, I. xvii. 47, 48; 


Belisarius 
and sends Sittas to the East, 
I. xxi. 2, 3; receives information 


}to be the son of Zames, 1. 


24; his conduct. during the Nika 
insurrection, I. xxiv. 10 ff.; his 
affection for John the Cappa- 
docian, I. xxv. 5, 25, 33; de- 
nounced by the Armenian em- 
bassy before. Chosroes, I. iii. 
37 ff. ; refuses to sanction treaty, 
1. xiii, 29; summons Belisarius 


to send him to Italy, U1. xxi, 34; 
takes measures for the_ relief 
of the victims of the pestilence, 
I. xxiii. 5 ff.; attacked by the 
eeeaces Il. xxiii. 20; orders 
alerianus and Martinus with 
others to invade Persia, Il. xxiv. 
10; eppwake Marcellus and 
Constantianus generals, If. xxviii. 
2; sanctions the five-year peace, 
Il. xxviii. 11; receives Isdi- 
gousnas with especial honour, 
Il. xxviii. 38 ff.; sends succour 
to the Lazi, H. xxix. 10; neg- 
lects to send money requested 
by Goubazes, Il. xxix, 30-32; 
finally sends the money for the 
Sabeiri, and gifts of money to 
Goubazes, Il. xxx. 28; sends 
John Tzibus to Lazica, Il. xv. 9; 
founds Petra in Lazica, M. xv. 
10, xxix. 20; a present 
of money to Chosroes, I. xxvi. 
4; eonsiders the question of 
Strata, 0. i. 7 ff.; accused of 
wii undaras, 

advises 


sadors to Chosroes, 0. vii, 15; 
favours the Green Faction, 0. 
xi. 32; writes to Chosroes, I. 
xiii. 1; the years of his reign 
noted, I. xvi. 10; xxii. 17, U1. iii, 
56, v. 1, xxviii. 11, xxx. 48 


Justinus, uncle of Justinian, 1. xi. 


10;..an officer in the Roman 
army, I. viii. 3; becomes em- 
peror, I. xi. 1; declines to adopt 
Chosroes, I. xi. 6ff.; reduces 


573 


INDEX 


Hypatius from authority, I. xi. 
39; captures Peter of Arzanene 
during Celer’s invasion, I. xy. 

;. supports the Iberians in 
their revolt from the Persians, 


I. xii. 5 ff.; makes Justinian 
partner in the royal wer, I. 
xii. 21; appoints copius 
adviser Belisarius, I. xii. 24; 


his death, I. xiii. 1 

Justus, nephew of Justinian, assists 
in making Hypatius prisoner, 
I. xxiv. 53; takes refuge with 
Bouzes in Hiera’ lis, 11. Xx. 20; 
they invite Belisarius to join 
them, I. xx. 21 ff.; but later 
come to him in Europum, Il. xx. 
28; commands a detachment 
of an army to invade Persia, I. 
xxiv. 15; invades -Persia apart 
from the’ other commanders, II. 
xxiv. 20; invades the country 
about Taraunon with Peranius, 
ot Xxv. 35; his death, M1. xxviii. 


Lazica, Lazi, later names for 
Colchis and Colchi  (q.v.), I. xi. 
28; its cities, 11. xxix. 18; an 
unproductive country, I . xii. 17 
Il. xxviii. 27; imported salt and 
other necessities of life, 11. xv. 
5, xxviii. 27; many fortresses 
there, Il. XXX. 27; difficult to 
traverse, II. xxix. 24, 25; > bul- 
wark against the barbarians of 
the Caucasus, II. repeal 22; 
importance to Persia, I. XXViii. 
18 ff.; the scene of the story 
of Jason and Medea, I. xvii. 2; 
the Lazi in ancient’ dinige allies 
of the Anya Il. xv. 15 5 be- 
come allies of the Romans, I. XV. 
16; the people Christian, 11. 

xxviii. 26; Lazica neo by 
the Persians, I. xi. forts 
of, abandoned by the py ee 
and occupied by the Persians, 
I. xii. 193. Chosroes refuses to 
return them to the Romans; I 
xxii. 3; finally given up by 
the Persians, I. xxii. 18 ; invaded 
by Chosroes, I. xxiii. i2 Il. Xv. 
1, xvii. 1 ff.; ; limited subjection 
ot the Lazi to the Romans, I. 


574 


: xxviii. 25 
Lebanon, 1. xill, 5, 1. viii. 23 ke 



















xv. 2-4; under a Romafi 
magistrate, ihe. 39; becom 
discontented ‘by reason of Roman 


misrule, I. xv. Sait * we 
Chosroes, 1. eases 212 “de- 


manded from 
Roman popes ate eve 
* Chosroes plans 


17, xix. 
Libelarius . of ‘Thrace, Romati 
general, invades Meso 


I. xii, 33; ge reas con 
I, xii. 24 ve 


Libyans, Il. iii. 42 
Ligurians, meet yh of Vittigis tO 
Chosroes, Il. ii. us 
eg one sete of Tsai ans 
I. Yi358 
Lucas, father of John, Ti: xvii. 44 
Lycaones, in the army of Bellas Y 
I. xviii 


Macedonians, {vundiens of ‘Sel 
Cte 


entrap - rene, Sou 

advice to Cabaies at ‘the | 
te Amida, 1. vii. 

mpeeney that ase will ¢ 


. xiii. 9, 105. 
fire- “sanctuary, II 
Mamas, priest of Daras, aS 
erthro the t 


John, fT. xxvi. 8. clifs 
Marcellus, nephew of Justinia 

appointed me or pelo 20 
Marcellus, 











the Pe 





INDEX 


to thé Hast; 1m. xiv: 9; defends 
Daras against Chosroes, I. xiii. 
16 ff. ; ordered to invade Persia 
with Valerianus, 1. xxiv. 10; 
eye of the East, encamps 
Citharizon, I. Xxiv. aS: ; 
: follows. Peter in invading Persia, 
tl. xxiv. 19; commands the 
centre at: the battle of Anglon 
Ii. xxv. 17; with Peter an 
Peranius defends Edessa against 
Chosroes, 1. xxvi. 25 ff.;  de- 
ceived by the Persian com- 
ee aie I. xxvi. 44 ff.) xxvii. 
mi : "arranges a settlement 
th Ghosr hosroes, I. xxvii. 45, 46 
certo tes near the River: ‘Nym- 
phinus, 1. viii. 22; distance from 
oe ‘I. xxi. 6; besieged by 
the Persians, I. xxi 5 ff.; fears 
“of Sittas and Hermogenes con- 
cerning its safety, I. xxi. 23; 
siege abandoned by the Persians, 
I. xxi. 27; near Phison, m1. xxiv. 


15 

Mary, wife of Hypatius, tries to 
prevent her husband from going 
to the hippodrome, 1. xxiv. 23, 24 

pore te reported to be pre- 

to join is gree I. xxi. 
ee also ““ 

Mebodes, a ese official, sent as 
envoy to the er T. xi. 25; 
slanders Seoses, I. xi. 31; r- 
suades Cabades to leave a written 
declaration concerning Chosroes, 

I, xxi. 17-19; opposes the claim 
ot Caoses, I. xxi. 20; secures the 
ere of Chosroes as king, 

22; his tragic death, 1. 
xxii, 25 ff. 

Medea, the tale of her adventure 
with Jason in Colchis, 1. xvii. 2 

Medes, the name used by Proco- 
pius as an equivalent for “ Per- 
sians ”’ (q.v.) 

Medic ents, re in Proco- 


to spare ties, 

vi. 18 ff. 5 goes to Antioch, Ul. 
fails to persuade the 

citizens of Antioch to pay money 

‘to Chosroes, 1. vii. 14; his con- 


Seni RNY Chosroes at Beroea, 

Il. vii. 19 ff. 

Melitene, chief city of Armenia 
Minor, I, xvii. 22 

Mermeroes, Persian general, in- 
vades Roman Armenia, I. Xv. 
1 ff.; driven back by Dorotheus 
and ’Sittas, I. xv. 8; invades 
Roman territory a second time, 
I. xv. 9; defeated at Satala, 
I. xv. 12 ff.; shares command 
of an invading army, I. xxi. 4; 
leads an army to the relief of 
Petra, 0. xxix. 13, xxx. 1 ff.; 
forces the pass into Iberia, Il. 
xxx. 8-10; reaches Petra, I. 
XER. 715; ‘taunts. the Romans, 
0) A 0. oe 17; leaving a garrison 
in Petra, starts back, 1. xxx. 20; 
attacked by Phoubelis and Gou- 
bazes, IT. Xxx. 22; departs from 
Lazica with the greater *part of 
his army, Il. xxx. 32, 33 

Mesopotamia, bounded’ by the 
Tigris and the Euphrates, I. xvii- 
23; its hot climate, 1. xix. SL; 
Persians accustomed to invade 
Roman territory from here, 1. 
xvii. 25; avoided by invading 
Persian army, I. xvii. 25 in- 
vaded by the Persians, I. xxi. 


Michael, sanctuary of, in Daphne, 
burned by Chosroes, I. xi. 6, 12, 
mee 2 2,13. of, at Tretum, I. 


Astindotos, place near the Persian 

er, Justinian attempts to 
eae it, I. xiii. 2, xvi. 7 

Mirranes, a Persian term (lit. 
se Mithra-son,” — properly, 
not an office, but a patrician 
family) ; see Perozes 2; also, com- 
mander in Petra, deceives Dagis- 
thaeus, Il. xxx, 

Mocheresis, important city of 
Lazica, II. xxix. 18 

Molatzes, commander of troops in 
Lebanon, os hp pe to 
sates viii. 2; flees pre- 

tely with the "soldiers, Il. 

viii. et 7-19 

Monks, distinguished for piety, 1. 


: 4 
Moors, I. ii. 8, iii, 46 
575 


INDEX 


Mapaapeting a city of Cilicia, 1 


Illyricum, 


Mundus, general in 
Nika 


assists in quelling ~ the 
insurrection, I. xxiv. 40 ff 


Nabedes, commander of the Persian 
soldiers in Nisibis, 01. xviii. 9 ; 
attacks the Roman troops before 
the city, 1. xviii, 19 ff. ;, general 
in Persarmenia, takes measures 
to urge the ‘Romans toward 
making peace, M. xxiv. 6; takes 
up his position in Anglon, IL. Xxv. 
6; defeats the Roman armies, 
I, xxv. 20 ff. 

Narses, | a Persarmenian, the em- 
peror’s steward receives Narses 
and Aratius when they desert 
to the Romans, I. xv. 31; a 
eunuch, I. xxv. 24; sent by 
Theodora to assist in the assassi- 
peice of John the Cappadocian, 

overhears his conversation 
with Antonina, I. xxv. 26 

Narses, a Persarme nian, 
pany with Aratius defeats Sittas 
and Belisarius, I. xii. 21, 22; 
deserts to the Romans, I. xv. 31 ; 
dismantles the sanctuaries 

hilae at Justinian’s order, I. 
xix. 87; encamps with Valeria- 
nus near Theodosiopolis ; M1. xxiv. 
12; leads the attack at Anglon, 
Il. xxv. 20; dies bravely, 1. 
XXV. 243 
XXiv. 14° 

Nicetas, father of the general " oe, 
I. xiii. 21, 0 . 36, xxiv. 

Nika insurrection ‘in Vi ia nh 
I. xxiv. 1 ff.; - peuifioanen of the 

name, I. xxiv. 

Nile. River, the: ibebaes dwell 
along its banks, I, xix, 28, 29; 
v8 island of Philae in it, 1. xix. 


Nisibis, distance from the Tigris, 
xi. 27; from Daras, I. x..14; 
Be, Sisauranon, Il. xix. 2; 
bulwark of the Persian empire, 


ll. xviii. 7; its capture by the ° 


Persians, I. xvii. 25 ; its territory 
invaded by Libelarius, 1. I. xii. 28; 
by Belisarius, 1. xviii. 1 ff..; 


576 


brother. of Isaac, Il.. 


—— with Chosroes there, 


I. xix. 28; sett! pr tiie tise 


by Diocletian, 1. xis, 29:fF. ; 
receive iti 1 payment from 
the Roman ae I. xix. 32, 
83; _ their ~/Xix. 35 
Nymphius fear V 
polis 23, xxi. 6; forms 
caennk between the "Roman 
and Persian territory, I. xxi. 6; 
boundary of eee I. viii. 
21, Il. xvi 7 f 


Oasis, city in w Aegypt, former 
home of the hehe I. xix. 30 

Obbane, on the Euphrates , dis- 
tance from B Barbalissum, 1. xii. 4 

Octava, place in —_— dis- 
tance from Satala, Te 

Odonathus, —_ of ‘the "Sateen, 
husband of Zenobia, I. v. 53 “his 
services to the Romans, i. v. 6 

pei Noy place in Armenia, 
i. 


Olyvrius, emperor of the West, 
father-in-law of Areobindus, | ix, 


Orestes ¢s story of oy flight from 
Ta 1. xvii. “4 


N these a people i uppe 


idea 


and Nobatae, I. xix. 
Osroene, name applied to country 

about Edessa, I. xvii. 24; 

mene: fortified cities, I. xvii ‘ 


Osroes, ancient king of dessa, ; 
I. xvii. 24 


Pacurius, king of Persia at the time _ 


of the truceless war with the 
Arm 


Palestine, bounded by the “ Red 








INDEX 


te ae ey Pee ches. 
I. x e objec- 
ti tive of Chosroes’ third invasion, 
gs 3 Sgt visited by the pesti- 
Il. 
pammce, Te held by Saracens of 
I. xix. 8, 9, OW. iii. 41; 
vik, txix, 
10 ff. 
Palmyra, of Phoenicia, I. 


eir connection with 
f Arsaces, II. 
wi re gir an officer rin ti the Roman 
Panties the the Phrygian wel 
ral, 1. viii. 2; his arm 
routed by < Cabades, I. viii. 10-18; 


I. viii. 19; entraps 
two hundred Per- 


Il, vi; 22; 
Antioch, 11. vi. 23; presents the 
. aes demands at Hierapolis, 


bai 
I. xii. 33; 
ees oe xxvi. 14, xxvii. 24, 


Peal, story of the, 1. iv. 17-31 
Peloponnesus, cane plunder by 


e Huns, I. iv 
m, in A t, the starting 
point of the mce, Il. xxii. 6 


us, son of Gourgenes, xing 
of Iberia, 1. xii. 11; 


invade Persia, m. xxiv. 15; in- 
vades the country about ‘Tarau- 
non with Just lt. xxv. 35; 


25 ff. e- 
saanda: that. he:-and. ‘Peter be 
surrendered haem Py xxvi. 38 

1 


against 
litae, 1. 
his army, I. iii. 
expedition, I. iv. 1 ff.; 


PROCOP.-=-VOL. I, 


troyed with his army by the 
Ephthalitae, 1. iv. 14 ff.; his 
famous pearl, I. iv. 14 
Perozes, Persian general, I. xiii. 16 ; 
interchange of letters with Beli- 
Sarius and Hermogenes, I. xiv. 
ieee address to troops. 

. xiv. 13 ff.; defeated by Bali: 
pelo I. xiv. 28 ff.; pom 
by Cabades, I. xvii. 26 

or wor of, murder Symeon, 
si 

Persarmenia, its trade with India, 
Il. xxv. 8; d some by Sittas 
and Belisarius, I 

nie Be, in the veka army, 


xv. 1 

Persians, worship the rising sun, 
I. 20; their Oo dent 

Il. xxiv. 23 See the d 
I. xi. 35, xii. set cha- 
racter, If. eel Figs their a ade 
in indian silk, I. xx. 9; the arro- 
gance of their officials, I. xi. 83; 
their custom of counting an 
army before and after a cam- 
paign, I. xviii. 52 ff.; their in- 
ntry inefficient, I. xiv. 25; 
their bowmen quick, but inferior 
to those of the Romans, Es xviii. 
82; their skill in bridging rivers, 
ml. xxi. 22; maintain § at 
public expense, I, xxi, ne ; suffer 
a severe defeat at the hands of 
the Ephthalitae, I. iv. 13, 14; 

pay tribute to the Ephthalitae 
‘or two years, I. iv. 35; make 
peace with Theodosius, L. ii. 15; 

unable to prevent the fortifica. 
tion of Daras, I. x. 15; capture 
Amida, I. vii. 29; receive money 
from t e Romans and give back 


tamia, I. . 26; 
in the battle on the Euphrates, 
577 
| es 


INDEX 


1. xviii. 37; invade Mesopo- 
.tamia, I. xxi. 4; besiege Martyro- 
polis in vain, I. xxi. 5 ff.; make 
peace with the Romans, 1 . xxii. 
17, 18; capture Sura, I. v. 25; 

and Beroea, I vii. 12 ff. ; cap- 
ture and Sootean bats I. 


20 ff capture Petra, I 
xvii. 27; besiege Edessa in vain, 
. xxvi xx 63 save 


Romans, 1. — 
a severe defeat in Lazica, 0. 


xxx. 89 ff. 
Pestilence, The, devastates the 
whole world, U. xxii. 1 ff.; in 


Snecma pe II. re 9 ff. ; 


nene by Justinus, I. xv. 7; 
plas general, sent to Lazica, 
xii. 9; summoned to Byzan- 
reer I. xii. 14; bodyguard of 
Justinian, commander of in- 
try, I. xviii. 6; at the battle 
on the Euphrates, 1. xviii. 42; 
favours invasion of Persia by 
Belisarius, 11. xvi. 16; attacked 
by the Persians before Nisibis, 
. xviii. 16 ff.; commands a 
detachment in an army to invade 
Persia, I. xxiv. 18; precipi- 
tately enters Persia, I. xxiv. 18; 
commands the righ pe at the 
battle of Anglon, M. xxv. 17; 
with us and Peranius 
defends on against Chosroes, 
O. xxvi. Chosroes de- 
mands that ae and Peranius 
= Surrendered to him, 0. xxvi. 
base character and 
Sane Lazica, 1. xv. 6-8 
Petra, built by =s ustinian i in Rares 
I. xv. 10, xvii. 3, xxix. 20; its im- 
pregnable defences, tO. a Ne ef: 
attacked by the Persians, I. xvii. 
pegeeed by Ch 


dakodies:: i. xxix. 85; mono- 
poly established there by 


578 


_— Tzibus, Il. xv. LL, xxix. 
Petcae, ancient capital of the Arabs, 
I. xix. 20 


Phabrizns, a Persian official, 
Tl. xx 3. employed | 
ge ee for ‘Tartherance 


plans, 4175 
attempts to Scene aa Goubazes. 
1. brrarme ner left as t a8 com 
manader Lazica 
II. xxx. 32; pire Aen ro = almost. 
annihilated by the Lazi, 0. xxx. 


I. xv. 29, 1. iii. 1; its return — 
demanded by Chosroes, I. xxii. 3;__ 
given up by the Romans, I. xxii. — 
18; near the — of the Boas 


River, 1. xxix. ; 
chief, at the 


Pharas, an Erulian 
battle of Daras, I. xiii. 19, 25 ff., 
xiv. 32, 33, 39 


xxix. | bazes, ia 4 
Phasis" River, its source in ithe») 
Taurus, I. xxv. 21; its course 


stro 
xxx. 25, 26; stron 
by the Lazi, 1. xxx. 27; forded — 
e Lazi, Il: xxxi87 sieve, © 


-E 
its — d 


Philemou an. 





» Made p 
place of pat ge the Cappadocian, 
I, xxiv. 18 




















Phoenicia, tl. xvi. 17 
Phoubelis, a notable among the 
Lazi, with eee | attacks 


Pityaxes, Persian =“ at the 
begerg of Daras, I. xiii. 16, xiv. 


Puacilianee, palace in Byzantium, 

I Vv 

Pompeius, nephew of Anastasius, 
bee fron the pa by Justinian, 


. xxix. 1 
seer ay visited by Orestes, I. xvii. 


1 
Potidaea, known in’ later times as 
Cassandria, apenerey by the 
Huns, 0. iv. 
Priapus, othinped by the Blemyes 
and Nobatae, I. xix. 35 


for the name, I. v. 8; law re- 
—mtnp it suspended once in the 
of Arsaces, I. v. 9-29; 
Gabaacd confined "therein, Lv. 7 
Probus, nephew of Anastasius, sent 
. by etinus to Bosporus to 
oo ct an army of Huns, I. xii. 
Proclus, quaestor, dissuades Jus- 
yey fom adopting Chosroes, 
1.x 
Procopius of Caesarea, sper of 
History of the Wars, 1 2% Lay 
eye-witness - the events de- 
scribed, I. i. 33 eee adviser 
to Belisarius, 1. i. 24; in 
Dyamatian at the hans of ‘the 
pestilence, 11. xxii. 9; had seen 
Hho sp and Armenia, I. an 
pt —— frankness in wri 
I 


lades, the story of the flight with 
Orestes from Tauris, I. xvii.11 ff. 



















ed Sea, its location sient, 
harbours, ete. (confused 
Procopius with on rabies 
Gulf), 1. xix. 2 ff., m. iii, 41 


| Rhhodopolis, in 


INDEX 


Ticcinaries, envoy to Chosroes, 1. 


Bheetthancun of Thrace, com- 


mander of. troops in Lebanon, 
objects to invading Persia with 
Belisarius, 0. xvi. 17 ff. ; — 
to return to Lebanon, I 

33, 34; commands an army sent 
to *Lazica, TI. xxx. 29 


Rhizaeum, a —, near Lazica, IL 


xxix 23, ; 
important city of 
Lazica, 0. xxix. 18 


oo used by Procopius to 


ate the aabjacte Rot the 
~— of Byzantium, and men- 
tioned ge rere na throughout ; 
lack of discipline in Roman 
armies, I. xiv. 14; ‘iets bowmen 
more efficient than those of 
the Persians, I. xviii. 34; main- 
beer = at public expense, I. 


ihatilonnd; suburb of Byzantium, 


I. xxv. 21, 23 


Rufinus, son of Silvanus, sent as 


an envoy to the Persians, xi. 
24; slanders Hypatius, I. xi. 
38; sent as ambassador to 
Hierapolis, I. xiii. 11; treats 
with Cabades at Daras, E, XVi, 
1 ff:; reports to the emperor 
I. xvi. 10; meets Chosroes on 
the Tigris, £, wine sent to 


war, I. xxii. aS 14; slandered 
to the « emperor, I. rg 153; sent 


— Huns, their location, 0. 


xxix. 15; in the Persian army, 
I. xv. 1; persuaded by Goubazes 
to form an alliance with 
Il. xxix. 29; Yeceive promised 
money from ’ Justinian, Wi) KEK. 


28 
Saccice, mother of Alamoundaras, 


I. xvii. 1 


579 


INDEX | 


Gemeente; city on the eee eye 
xvii. "22; on the boundary of 
at helinals T. xvii. 23 
Saracens, experts at pins 
but not at storming cities 
xix. 12; in Persia, all ruled by 
Alamoundaras, I. xvii.,45; some 
in alliance with the Romans, I. 


xviii. 46; their Odonathus, 
ml. v. 5; of Aral rv , Tuled by 
Arethas, I. xvii. 7: receiving 


annual payments Sina the Ro- 
. x. 23; settled in 
the Balm Groves, 1. xix. 7, 8; 
and in Palestine. ie xix. 10; 
cannibals in Arab: xix. 15; 
ae mentioned in’ toutes It. 
i. 5; observe a religious holiday 
-* ‘the vernal equinox, TI. xvi. 
dispute possession of Strata, 
5 4% 6; in the army of Chosroes 
I. Xxvii. 30; in the army “of 
Azarethes, I. xvii. 1, xviii. ae 
with the army of Belisarius, 
xviii. 7, 26, 35, SG its vind: 
wage war wr among themselves, 1. 
xxviii. 
Sarapanis, a pe of Lazica, 11. xxix. 


Sarus River, in Cappadocia, I. xvii. 


Satala, city in Armenia, its location, 

I. xv. 9,10; battle of, I. xv. 12 ff. 
Scanda, a city in Lazica, I. xxix. 18 
Seb: bastopolis, a fortress of Lazica, 


18 
Sadeticins cies lige on the Tigris, founded 
by the Macedonians, tM. xxviii. 4 
Seleucia, distance from Antioch, 
It. xi. Ans visited by Chosroes, ib. 
Sariectng * pody-guard of Sittas, 
given as a hostage to the Persians, 
I. xxi. 27 
Seoses, rescues Cabades from the 
Prison of Oblivion, I. vi. 4, 10; 
receives the offies of “ adras- 
tadaran salanes,” I. vi. 18, 19; 
sent as envoy to the Romans, L 
xi. 25; slandered by Mebodes 
and brought to trial, I. xi. 31 ff. ; 
condemned to death, I. xi. 37° 
Sergiopolis, city in Mesopotamia, 
Il. v. 29 + citizens of, give much 
treasure to Chosroes. I XR75 
saved from capture by ‘Ambrus, 


580 











Chosroes, I. 
Benaies, an illustrious saint, Tm. 


saci of Edessa, m0. xxiv. 4 
with i 


a xx. 10; STO 


envoy to -} 
stantianus, I. xxiv. 3; a 
time envoy with | 
BBoesccnaee? os xxviii. Tag pea ii 
us, y o on 
the Hellespont, m.iv.9 
mtlartus, 2 titled given to certain 

offi in the palace at Byzan- 


tium, oe councillors,’ Tl. 


xxii. 1 
sivani fs father of held, I. xi, 


Roman army, I. xiii. 21, xiv. 
Siphrios, a fortress, distance 

‘Amida, I. viii. 10 
Sisauranon, fortress in 

tamia, I. xix. 2; attacked by 

Belisarius, 1. xix. 4; ; 

lates to Belisarius, If, xix. 23,24 
Sittas, Roman , in company — 

with Be : 


Persian 
unexpectedly, I. xv. 12; defeats 
the Tzani attle ;* 
them over by kindness, I. xv. 24, 
25 ; proceeds to the East, I. xxi, 

Persian army 


Armenians, I. 
ff.; his death, 1. iii. 25; 
a and achievements, I. 


6 
Snail, Gate of the, in the palace 
HL Later Be xxiv. 43 
Solomon, an Armenian, accordin: 
Ms one report slew Sittas, 1. 
Penne, district in Armenia, 
I, Xxl - 
Sophia, sanctuary of, destroyed by 


INDEX . 


Nika insurrection, 
I. xxiv. 9; its treasures guarded 
by the priest Augustus, IT. xxx. 53 
Ste eee commander of Isau- 


,ix 


man Palestine, sent as an 
envoy by Justinian, 1. i. 9, 10; 
his concerning Strata, I. 
i. 1 
Sunicas, chief, in the 
army, I. xiii. 20, xiv. 39, 
_ 40, 44; charges the standard 
bearer of Baresmanas, I. xiv. 47 ; 


kills Baresmanas, I. xiv. 50 
Sunitae, march in the Persian 
army, I xv. 1 
Sura, a city on the Euphrates, I. 
xviii, 1 . ¥. 8; distance from 


an “geet i 
sight of 


Syeae, a suburb - ee, 
modern “ Galata,” 

Symeon, Sanctuary of, at Arnida, 

ae I. ix 

Sof the Persian 

fee at Pharangium, I. xv. 

a over to the Romans, I. 

, 29; presented with cer- 

villages, I. iii. 1; 

murdered by the sons of Perozes, 

i. iii. 2; unele of Amazaspes, 


i. 

Syria, open to rhse aged by the 
Persians, 1. xvii. 34 ff., 1. xvi. 17, 
xix. 34; attacked by veunasoen’ 
Il. v. 4, vi. 21 

Syriac tongue, Il. ii. 3 


Taraunon, a district in Persarmenia, 
invaded by Justus and Peranius, 
tl. xxv. 35 

Tatianus, of Mopsuestia, quarter- 
master of the camp in Antioch, 
witnesses ee Sgr: of the 
standards, II. 

re al the, in Gelesene, I. xvii. 

Taurus "Mountains, The, their size 
and rt I. x. 1, 2; xv. 20, 


Theoetistus, commander of 
in Lebanon, brings succour 
Antioch, I. ; flees Bee 
cipitately seit the "soldiers, 1. 
viii. eo Ha objects to invading 
Persia with Belisarius, I 
27 Hf. ; pane to return to Leba- 
non, Il. xix. 33, 34; commands 
a detachment in an army to 
invade Persia, 11. xxiv. 13 
ee leader of the Goths, [. 


Theodora, wife of Justinian, | gc 
beloved by him, I. xxv. her 
hatred of J og the Cappadselest 
ib.; counsels firmness in dealing 
with the Nika insurrection, I. 


xxiv. 33 ff.; enco es Anto- 
nina in her plan to en ap John 
the Cappadocian, I. xxv. 22; 


succeeds in punishing him, 1. 

xxv. 30; her death, 1. se 49 
Theodorus, a citizen of 

skilled in mechanics, 0. xiii. aa 36 
Theodorus, an official in the 

in Byzantium, superintends the 

work of provider a burial for the 

an of the pestilence, I. xxiii. 


Theodosiopolis, its location, I. x. 
18, xv. 2, 11. xxiv. 12; near the 
sources = the Euphrates and 
Tigris, I. xvii. 4; fortified by 
Anastasios, I. x. 19; near Bolum, 
1. xv. 32; distance from Doubios, 
Il. ast 1; from m, UH. 
xxiv. 13 

Theodosiopolis, city near the Abor- 
rhas River, If. xix. 29 


the Persian king Isdigerdes, 1. 
ii. ff.; sends Anatolius as 


581 


INDEX 


envoy to the Persians, I. ii. 12; 
makes peace with the Persians 
I. ii. 15; Arsaces’ abdication of 
the kingship of Armenia in his 
favour, I. iii. 35 

Thermopylae, attacked by the 
Huns, U1. iv. 1 

Thessaly, plundered by the Huns, 
tH. iv, 10 

seme Y : sons village near Amida, 

Thomas, chief priest of Apamea, 
displays the wood of the cross 
Il. xi. 16 ff.; goes before Chos. 
roes, Il. xi. 20 ff.; saves the 
wont of the cross, Hl. xi. 29, 


Heereas. ambassador to the Per- 
sians, meets Chosroes on the 
Tigris, I..xxii. 1 

Thomas Gouzes, 
Lazica, I. xxx. 
hrace, Thracians in ie army of 
Belisarius, I. xix. xxi. 4; 
home of Coutzes von Bouzes, 
1, xiii. 5 

Timostratus, brother of Rufinus, 
Roman officer, captured by 
Alamoundaras, I. xvii. 43, 44 

Tigris River, its source in Armenia, 
I. xvii. 4; *its course into Ass 
I. xvii. 6b, 6; distance m 
Nisibis, I. xi. 27; its erage 
with the Euphrates, i 
flows between Seleucia "and 


commander in 


15 ff.; they return by another 
route, I. xix. 28 ff. 

Trapezus, city on the Euxine, 0. 
xxix. 22, xxx. 14 

Tretum, a place near Antioch 
where ery a temple of Michael, 


Tribunianus, a Pamphylian, quaes- 
tor, I. xxiv. ee dexterity in 
manipulating laws, I. xxiv. 16; 
dismissed from office, I. xxiv. 175 
restored to office, I. Xxv. ly 23 
his death, I. xxv. 2 

Tribunus, a physician, beloved by 
Chosroes, Ii. xxviii. 8 ff. 

a before the palace of the 

ersian king, where all must sit 


582 













who fell under the king's? dis- 
I. xxiii. 28 : 


Tana called ‘Santa eax ddmibe, 
I. xv. 21; the source of the Boas 


River among Tl. xxix, 14; — 
conquered by the I. Xv.” 


19 ff.; become Christian, I. xv. 
25; reduced to subjection, 1. 
iii. 39; with the Roman 


BS 
at Petra, Il. xxix. nfo ‘defend 
the Roman camp, — mae td 
return to their homes, 1 
Valerianus, mg pence» general. of 
Armenia, Il. xiv. 8; receives 
Persian envoys, II. xxiv. 6-8; 
reports to Justinian, 1. xxiv..9? 
ordered to invade Persia with 


WI. xxi 19 commands the 
left wing at the battle of 


man 


1. ii. 1 
Varleta title of a Persian general 
(lit. % barnes properly — 
family name), I. - ei 10 








I. xxiv. 2-6; supported by Ji 
nian, I. xi. "823 also called the 
Blue Faction, 

Venetian Colonnade, The, in By- 
zantium, I. v. 49 

Veredi, , the government post horses, 

0 


Vesta, see Hestia 

Vitalianus, son of Patriciolus, 
officer in the Roman army, 
vil. 8; becomes tyrant, bo 
his hostility to Anastasius, I. 
xiii. 10; his adviser Hermo- 


genes, ib. is 


INDEX 


Vittigis, king of the Goths, — 
Sen tes to Chosroes, It. ii. 1 
they address Chosroes, Il. ii. 4 ff. : 
Lo ge to Byzantium by Beli- 
sarius, I. iv. 13, xxi. 28: re- 
mains in Byzantium, Ir. xiv. 10; 
envoys vl one dies, the other 
remains in Persia, Ul. xiv. 11; 
their interpreter captured, 1. 
xiv. 12 


White ~ dew wpe old name for the 
ea ts of Armenia Minor, 
I 


"a Ghossin, 1 ex, 25 Mebodes 

26; re- 

Twili 30 ff. ; 

at the Prot iadane idtene “ot "Coaches re- 

mate eo of Edessa, I. 
xx 





Zames, son of Cabades, dseueeees 
from succeeding his father 
xi. 4; I. ix. 12; plot to up bins 
in power in place of omen 
I. — a 5; slain by Chosroes, 
I. 

Zec a thelr location, 1. xxix. 15 


_ Zend, Roman emperor at the time 


- "the Persian ‘king Arsa 


8 
at city on the Euphrates, 
tl. v. 4; founded Zenobia, 

Chosroes voleaine fea 
attacking it, H. v. 7 

Zenobia, wife of Odonathus, 
wig of of the city of Zenobia, 

I. Vv 
Zeuxippus, Baths of, destroyed by 
= = Nika insurrection, I. 

xxiv. 


ces, I. 


583 





Pa et | es. ae 
e" : 3° LS Os 
=. e 
ots a 
- ne 
mat 
7 et 
eye 
; ~ 






eee ns > Sia. SO 
7 ie Saar Alaa a 
SSE a rt tht eee ee A 
becan ei wee 


pied ae Lov 
ee Fc SPth ovis 
+e Qe els a ai FEET 


se 
i. —— eet OSS 
= 
= 
7 
art 









Tree antes er 


aaa if 
3 BAAN ie 





sr Thee WAG th. . et feed wtp - ’ 
a ete RUbEATE RANTES AES 
wb arolepereaitan! Axil net or Bs Ai Nata | 
- 4 o y i? Pt ris | 





ites RicHARD CLAY AND ea. Laure, 
: : BRUNSWICK STREET, scueboos eeaage tea [#. 
a M20 AND BUNGAY, SUFFOLK. 








} 
ey 
‘ 
x . . 
» 
. 
g Ts 
‘. 4 
a ie 
st 
? ae ~ 
> ' 
* J . 
oo <: 
7 + 
“ ee 
- : 
Sita 
us 
Se 
. : 
a 7 


ie “eRe , 

















. 
. . 
7 


2. =F 





PA Procopius, of Caesarea © 
5340 Procopius 

A2 

1914 

vel 


PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE 
CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET 





Ay 
on 


eR 
(bse toe ae 
Seti aie Pa 4 
ans, ae 
see 
= AY 






































ea 
i 
aa Ma ‘ ate ‘ art 
ih sae 
r Gt teaary 4 eh 
PL iepay tof A At Lay Wea ds bet aa ay 
‘ sepa ¥ Mie any U 
wD y 


tee | 
a 





























Rieti 














Mierke Ved t a ey ue She 





' 


ae By 
sin ay 











oe 


rey ber recht ahh wales 





Th 
Cathy 





ey, SOB tees 

bry waa tite ta 
Pick ; 

Oe he ~, 

COUCASRENMD 





ey 





raha ‘ 
i + | x 
oe i aioe 
eo As Heth rae in 
. ate nboiskt 
a. 

















\e 
Ors bribe 
Aly 
Seana p via) 
ehh Ct rat 
xe : Nf 
pay 4) Mos eae 
RENE area ihre Ric, 
ih ta “a 
‘se 


ct ttis x 
Sone 


DESAY i 
; oe 
a BES AS oo 

an ya Leste 

bs hy Wat > 


i Whe ‘ 
SRAM Ru ' 
Vila 


(iit ‘ 
_ is 
ee 


tikusy fy 
te tehs 
eh 





: aa < a
Internet Archive Audio

Featured

Top

Images

Featured

Top

Software

Featured

Top

Books

Featured

Top

Video

Featured

Top

Mobile Apps

Browser Extensions

Archive-It Subscription

Save Page Now

Full text of "Procopius, with an English translation by H.B. Dewing"

See other formats
